The main types of domestic tourism. Tourism classifications
To date, there are many classifications of tourism, depending on the chosen criterion of differentiation.
- 1. Classification of tourism according to the territorial aspect. The criterion for this classification is the crossing of state borders. This classification is proposed by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and distinguishes three types of tourism:
- - domestic tourism- trips made by the inhabitants of any country in their own country. The main feature of this type of tourism is the redistribution of income between the regions of the country and the stimulation of the national economy (capital is not taken out of the country, but is used for its development);
- - outbound tourism- travel of residents of any country to another country. This type of tourism is less attractive for the national economy, since it is associated with the export of capital abroad;
- - inbound tourism- travel in any country of persons who are not its inhabitants. This type of tourism contributes to the inflow of foreign capital into the country and is a priority in the tourism sector of any state.
- 2. Classification of tourism depending on the purpose of travel. There is no single approach to this classification,
since the goals of tourism are extremely diverse and often intersect with each other (for example, combining relaxation and learning during a trip, etc.) - Therefore, this classification is conditional, subjective, but the main types of tourism are still distinguished:
2.1. Educational tourism- visits to historical, cultural or geographical sites in order to study culture and history, nature, religion, etc.
Educational tourism is very diverse. Tourists traveling for educational purposes are most often interested in the social and economic relations of the countries they visit. In the modern sense, educational tourism is a visit to museums, exhibition complexes, art galleries, palace and park ensembles, etc., that is, everything that forms the cultural and historical potential of the territory visited by tourists. At the same time, a significant share of educational tourism falls on religious tourism and ecotourism, that is, trips to explore religious and natural attractions;
2.2. Religious (pilgrimage) tourism.
The very concept of pilgrimage tourism - trips of believers to religious shrines - is denied by very many of those who organize it: for them, "pilgrimage" and "tourism" are different concepts, sometimes even mutually exclusive. For these reasons, the term of similar content is most often used - "religious tourism".
Traveling for religious purposes is the oldest form of tourism with deep historical roots. At the same time, religious (pilgrimage) tourism is associated not only with visiting religious shrines, but also with spiritual perfection.
AT recent times Religious tourism has become one of the dynamically developing types of tourism. According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the global flow of tourists purposefully visiting places holy for various religions is now about 7 million people a year, of which only about 20 thousand are Russian pilgrims. At the same time, these figures will increase significantly by an order of magnitude if we include in this category people who, while vacationing in any country, go on excursions to monasteries or cathedrals.
According to UNWTO experts, religious tourism in a few years can take up to 20% of the world tourism market, especially since tourists visiting holy places are usually not embarrassed by either the relatively high prices for the tour, or even the ongoing hostilities in those areas (this fully applies to pilgrim tourists from Russia who are not deterred by armed conflicts between Israel and Palestine, etc.).
Religious tourism can be divided into four components, corresponding to the most common religions today (Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Buddhism). The last two destinations in the tourist market are represented very poorly.
The goals of religious tourism are extremely diverse, among them one can note: a purely religious aspect, a cognitive (or scientific-historical) aspect of making a trip and other personal goals (getting rid of diseases, preventing misfortune, expiation of sins, etc.).
It should be noted that religious tourism can also be passive (contemplative) in nature. For example, attending religious ceremonies as spectators also attracts tourists. Often, the atheistically inclined population participates in religious holidays with curiosity and interest. The tourist market offers many tours for Christmas and the colorful holidays of the Christmas week in Finland, the Scandinavian countries and Western Europe;
2.3. Ecotourism (ecological tourism).
According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the term "ecotourism" (ecotourism) has been used in the tourism industry for more than
According to many (not necessarily true believers), every Orthodox should at least once visit the Holy Land in Israel and Egypt, visit Mount Athos. The same applies to Muslims, with the only difference that they need to make the Hajj to Mecca.
more than 10 years, however, different content is put into this concept. Many sources give a definition given by the Ecotourism Society (USA): ecotourism is travel to places with relatively untouched nature with the aim, without violating the integrity of ecosystems, to get an idea of the natural and cultural and ethnographic features of a given territory in which such economic conditions are created, when nature conservation becomes beneficial to the local population.
There are other definitions of ecotourism:
- ecotourism is any form of tourism that builds on a country's natural environmental attractiveness (from scuba diving off coral reefs to savanna travel);
- ecotourism is tourism that includes education and information about environmental protection and all elements of which are based on environmentally sustainable principles;
- ecotourism is travel to unique corners of nature with specific study objectives rare plants, animals, special types of ecosystems;
- Ecotourism is tourism that can help maintain positive synergies between tourism, biodiversity and local people, if managed accordingly.
In all these definitions, ecotourism is considered as an integral element in the development of sustainable tourism. The very concept of "ecotourism" involves the interaction of tourism activities and the environment, the rational and careful use of natural resources.
From an economic point of view, eco-tourism is a special sector of the tourism industry, which implies the desire, first of all, to communicate with nature, to know its objects and phenomena, outdoor activities, where traditional entertainment, household comfort fade into the background.
The ever-growing popularity of eco-tourism is associated with the variety of functions it performs:
- humanitarian functions - knowledge of the surrounding world in all its diversity, the formation of ethical values associated with the conservation and protection of nature, etc.;
- social functions - preservation of traditional cultures and improvement of the social situation in the region;
- ecological functions - protection of natural areas, conservation of biodiversity, etc.;
- economic functions - maintenance and development of the local economy.
Awareness of the socio-economic significance of eco-tourism was the reason for its development in many countries and regions of the world.
Ecotourism should have the following properties:
- be turned to nature (both virgin and cultivated) and based on the use of predominantly natural resources;
- not cause damage or cause minimal damage to our habitat, that is, be environmentally sustainable;
- be invariably aimed at environmental education and enlightenment, at the formation of relations of equal partnership with nature;
- take care of the preservation of the local socio-cultural environment;
- be cost-effective and ensure the sustainable development of the areas where it is carried out.
The emergence of ecological tourism and its rapid development throughout the world is explained by the desire to minimize environmental changes, which allows it to develop in many, including specially protected, natural areas. Unlike mass or resort tourism, it does not have a strong impact on the environment and, with its sustainable planned development, can become an additional source of self-financing for many regions.
The principles of ecological tourism allow countries, even those that are not among the most economically developed, to gain a strong position in the global tourism market. Mandatory conditions for this process are the implementation of an active state policy in the field of tourism development, which is currently not given enough attention in our country, and the desire of local residents to actively participate in the development of the tourism industry in their areas, receiving additional profit from this.
At present, eco-tourism has become a prominent socio-economic and environmental phenomenon of an international scale. According to UNWTO, ecotourism accounts for 20% of the global tourism market with an income of $20 billion per year. The geography of ecological tourism is peculiar. If the main international flows of traditional tourists are directed from developed countries to developed ones, then ecotourists are sent mainly from developed countries to developing ones. The latter are located mainly in the tropics, the nature of which is exotic and attractive to the inhabitants of temperate latitudes. The leaders of ecotourism are Kenya, Tanzania, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Nepal, as well as Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
In the developed countries of Europe and America, domestic ecotourism is also popular. For example, in Canada, ecotourists make up a quarter of the domestic tourism market. At the same time, the number of ecotourists is increasing annually by 30%. This category of people is rich enough.
In addition, due to the smaller volume of necessary tourism infrastructure (hotels, restaurants, entertainment venues) per tourist and per dollar of income, this tourism is characterized by less resource intensity, which is not only useful, but also profitable;
2.4. Sports tourism.
Sports tourism- these are trips directly or indirectly related to sports. Sports tourism is divided into:
- - passive tourism- trips that are passive in nature of participation in sports competitions and emphasize the spectator aspect. For example, trips to the Olympics, world championships in various sports, etc.;
- - active tourism - trips for the purpose of active participation in sporting events and competitions. This type sports tourism also includes extreme tourism and its types: diving, windsurfing, kayaking, rafting (canoeing or special rafting down a mountain river), mountaineering, skiing and snowboarding, etc. At the same time, it should be noted that many of the listed types of active sports tourism can also be attributed to ecotourism, which once again indicates the conventionality of classifying tourism according to the purpose of making a tourist trip;
- 2.5. Medical (health) tourism.
The concept of "medical tourism" covers two areas that are unequal in terms of the volume of tourist flow:
- - balneological programs(i.e. sanatorium vacation). Sanatorium-resort rest based on the natural and climatic resources of a particular region - this is the most demanded tourist product in the sector of medical and health tours, which today is offered by almost every second operator and agency company;
- - clinical treatment. Clinical treatment abroad, as a rule, is exclusively a "piece goods". Ordering such programs in travel agencies is a rather rare phenomenon due to the cost of a tour package, the price of which often amounts to tens of thousands of dollars.
The development of medical (health) tourism is closely connected with geography, namely with the achievements in this area of a particular country. According to experts, this is primarily Germany, Switzerland, Israel, the United States, as well as Great Britain and Italy.
The range of offers for health-improving holidays is wider: the Czech Republic, Israel, Hungary, Germany, Slovakia, Montenegro, Italy, France, Switzerland, Austria. As additional service health-improving procedures are often ordered also in Romania, Greece, Turkey, Tunisia, Jordan;
2.6. Business tourism (business tourism).
Business tourism (Business Travel) - this is still a fairly new concept, even by international standards. As an independent and highly profitable type of tourism, they started talking about it in Europe and the USA in the 70-80s of the XX century. In the Russian market, this sector of the tourist business began to really develop only in the early 90s. Business tourism is a trip made out of professional and commercial interest (participation in congresses, conferences, seminars and various other events and political events).
Back in the 1970s, experts from the World Association of World Trade Centers came to the conclusion that the economic growth rate of each particular country, as well as its business attractiveness, directly depend on the level of development of business tourism in it. Today, every fourth tourist trip in the world is made in connection with a business need. And although business travelers account for approximately 25% of the total tourist flow, they account for up to 60% of the total turnover of the tourism industry.
There are several reasons that make business tourism one of the most dynamically developing areas of the economy:
- - he suffers less than others from the changing political situation in the world;
- - A distinctive feature of business programs is their independence from the season. In addition, business tourism tends to smooth out the seasonal factor in the region;
- - business trips are usually planned well in advance - at least six months in advance, which makes their dynamics predictable and stable;
- - profitability - when organizing business tours, there is a focus on the consumer of services of medium and high levels;
- - business tourists are less connected with other tourists environment region and do not create additional problems for society.
The needs of business tourists are specific: on the one hand, they have at their disposal a sufficient amount of financial resources, and on the other hand, they need a very clear and punctual performance of all the services that are provided for by a particular tour. This also determines the level of development of infrastructure and services that must be achieved for a decent reception of business tourists.
According to the forecasts of UNWTO specialists, in the next 10 years a real boom in business tourism is expected in the world - the number of business trips will increase by about 3 times, and income from business tourism will increase by about 5 times. This trend is easily explained - in recent years, business tourism has become one of the most highly profitable sectors of the global tourism industry.
In the Russian tourism market, the concept of "business tourism" is relatively young. At the same time, if the share of business tourists in the world tourist flow is 25%, then in Russia it is less than 20%. At the same time, Moscow and St. Petersburg demonstrate a completely different distribution, where the share of businessmen in the entry flow approaches 60%.
However, in accordance with the global trend, this type of tourism is beginning to actively develop in Russia. However, it is still at the initial stage of its development. Very few travel companies offer business tourism as a separate direction. There are a number of factors that could seriously change the approach to business tourism in Russia. Among them: an active state policy, improvement of legislation, support for the activities of relevant public organizations, adaptation and promotion of international standards and technologies, creation of a network of regional consulting structures, as well as professional training of personnel, etc.
In any case, business tourism in Russia directly depends on the development of domestic tourism in general, that is, the state itself should be interested in the development of domestic tourism;
2.7. Educational tourism (tourism for the purpose of education).
Educational tourism - These are trips made for the purpose of
education or training abroad. These purposes of the trip are conditionally related to tourism, since short-term or semester training most often goes beyond tourism and constitutes a special branch of services related to tourism. Moreover, in the immigration laws of a number of countries, tourism is incompatible with the purposes of education, and this is specifically indicated in visas - "without the right to work and study." But nevertheless, travel companies provide services for preparing applicants for passing international tests and exams, tests for the minimum required knowledge of a foreign language for training, their adaptation in the initial period of study, support and organization of accommodation in families, guardianship of schoolchildren and students for the period of study etc.;
2.8. Tourism for the purpose of visiting relatives and friends.
This type of tourism in international terminology is known
like - friends visiting and relatives (VFR). In practice, this type of tourism in its pure form is extremely rare, because during their stay with relatives and friends, people often visit local attractions, engage in various sports (for example, surfing at seaside resorts), etc.
- 3. Classification of tourism depending on its duration. There are the following types of tourism:
- short-term tourism - a tourist trip is limited in time and its duration is no more than 2-3 days. Such tourism, as a rule, includes business trips, weekend tours, etc.;
- medium-term tourism - a tourist trip for a period of 4 days to 2 weeks. The main examples of this tourism are: educational, sports, ecological, religious tourism, etc.;
- long-term or long-term tourism - the duration of a tourist trip is 14 days or more. A striking example of this type of tourism is medical (health) tourism.
It should be noted that this division is conditional. For example, business travel can sometimes take up
2-3 days, but a whole week, and sports tourism can last more than 14 days (for example, tours to international sports competitions - the Olympics, etc.).
The duration of the trip may also depend on the area visited by tourists. For example, the stay of tourists in major city, as a rule, is of a short duration in comparison with tourists visiting other tourist destinations (for example, resorts). So, the average time of a tourist's stay in a large city is, as a rule, 4-5 days (2-7 days), while the average stay in a resort is 10 days (7-14 days or more).
- 4. Classification of tourism depending on the participation of the intermediary in organizing a tourist trip between a tourist and enterprises providing tourist services (accommodation, meals, etc.). There are two types of tourism:
- organized tourism - is a purchase by a tourist of a tour from a travel agency according to a previously agreed route, terms, volume of services provided, price, etc.;
- unorganized tourism - the organization of travel by the tourist himself without the direct participation of the travel agency. At the same time, the tourist independently develops a travel route, chooses means of transportation, determines the objects of stops, overnight stays and the duration of the tour. Unorganized tourism in world practice is quite popular, and in European countries ah, it accounts for approximately 80% of all tourist travel. At the same time, the attractiveness of this type of tourism is constantly growing.
- 5. Classification of tourism depending on the degree of organization of tourism divides tourism into:
- mass tourism - this is the purchase by a tourist of a formed tour with a clearly defined travel period and the conditions of the tour, made as part of a tourist group;
- individual tourism - this is a tourist trip on an individual tour, developed by a travel company according to the wishes of the tourist himself.
- 6. Classification of tourism depending on the age of tourists:
- - children's tourism;
- - youth tourism;
- - tourism of people of the middle age group;
- - Tourism of the elderly.
- 7. Classification of tourism depending on means of transportation. According to this classification, the following types of tourism are distinguished:
- air tourism - travel by air, mainly on aircraft of various brands. The main features of this type of tourism are its mobility (speed of delivery of a tourist to a destination) and high cost. This type of tourism is associated to a greater extent with visiting distant or hard-to-reach countries (for example, located on other continents). Air transport plays an important role in the tourism industry and the global economy.
The demand for air transport has increased significantly with the introduction of jet engines. Since 1950, commercial aviation passenger traffic has increased 60 times, the highest rate of any other mode of transport. The increase in demand was also influenced by the development of international tourism.
At the same time, the air transport industry is very sensitive to economic and political changes. Yes, the war Persian Gulf and the economic downturn that began in the 1990s caused a decline in air traffic. According to statistics from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), global air travel during this period decreased by 3.5%.
Air transportation of tourists can be carried out by charter companies and regular carriers. Charter air transportation arose in the 50s in North America and Europe, when vacationers from the cold northern climatic zones headed to the southern sunny tourist destinations of Florida, the Caribbean and the Mediterranean.
The busiest European routes originate in London and include: London - Paris, London - New York and London - Amsterdam.
Today, air tourism is developing at a fairly fast and steady pace. Volume of international passenger traffic in 2011 grew by 6.9%. More than 3 billion people use airline services annually. The maximum growth in passenger traffic was shown by airlines in Latin America, airlines in Europe and airlines in the Middle East. The worldwide seat occupancy rate, according to IATA, was 76% in 2011.
railway tourism- travel by rail on a specialized railway vehicle for recreational, educational, professional, religious and other purposes not related to paid activities.
Traveling by train is quite popular for a number of reasons: speed and convenience of movement, the ability to see many interesting places in a short time, get acquainted with the history, culture, modern achievements of the visited country, etc. The content, forms and types of railway tourist trips are very diverse. The most massive are the travel of tourists on scheduled trains, carried out in ordinary passenger trains following a regular schedule. In such trains, tourists travel to their destination as ordinary passengers with only one difference - a tourist organization worries about tickets for them, which, in agreement with the railway, pre-purchases seats for the entire group (usually in one carriage and to neighboring seats). Other forms of rail tourism are travel on special tourist-excursion trains intended only for tourists. These are a kind of "camps on wheels": having the features of a tourist base (food, sightseeing and cultural services, availability of accommodation, etc.), they can move, which allows tourists to get acquainted with many attractions. Moving from city to city takes place mainly at night, and daytime is used for excursions.
A special type of travel by tourist train is rail cruise- a tourist trip on a railway train (train) along a closed circular route, with scheduled stops along the way for excursions.
One of the tourist trains in Russia is the branded train "Rus" of the Moscow railway - business card domestic railway tourism. The train has the following main routes: Ulaanbaatar (a tour through several major cities of Russia at once: Vladimir, Kazan, Novosibirsk and Ulan-Ude) and the Chinese route, trips along the Great Silk Road to Central Asia and St. Petersburg, as well as a route through the Volga cities;
- car tourism - trips made by own or rented vehicles. The characteristic features of this type of tourism are: high mobility of tourists, the ability to independently determine the duration of stay in certain tourist places, etc. Autotourism is very common in Europe and occupies a leading position in the tourist market;
- bus tour ism- trips made on various modifications of buses (mini-buses, buses with a capacity of about 40-50 people, double-decker sightseeing buses, hotel-type buses with berths, etc.”).
The history of the active popularity of bus tourism began around the 70s. The pioneers of European roads were young Britons, who appreciated the opportunity to see several countries of continental Europe at once in a dynamic mode for relatively little money (traveling by bus is always significantly cheaper than, for example, air travel).
Bus tourism in Russia was one of the pioneers of the entire industry, where the main positive characteristics at that time were: cheapness, speed, and also the ability to buy scarce goods abroad in large quantities (you don’t need to pay for overweight luggage, unlike air transport).
Today, up to 90% of bus tours lasting more than 4 days are foreign travel.
The "high season" for bus travel is from April to October, with the highest spikes in demand occurring in May holidays and July-August - the traditional time of holidays and vacations. It is generally impossible to determine the optimal time of the year for bus tours. If, for example, July in France or Scandinavia is hot, but it is quite bearable in a modern air-conditioned bus, then, for example, a trip to Jordan at the same time can be real torture for a Russian who is not too accustomed to the Middle Eastern heat.
The main advantage of bus travel is a quick maneuver between cities and countries.
Bus sightseeing tourism is considered the most difficult in terms of organizing a trip. After all, a travel agency needs not only to choose interesting places and lay a route between them, but also to provide travelers with accommodation, food, transport and excursions along all sections of the journey. In addition, the road is often fraught with unpleasant accidents: according to statistics, road travel is twice as dangerous as rail and four times as air;
sea tourism - journeys made on ships, Pacific liners, yachts, etc. The beginning of sea tourism is attributed to the middle of the 19th century, it was then, during the off-season, that passenger companies began to use ships in liner transportation. High competition forced ship owners to constantly improve living conditions on ships, the level of service, which, in turn, quickly turned ships into highly comfortable floating hotels.
The first reports of specially organized sea voyages passenger ships for the purpose of tourism date back to 1835, when regular pleasure trips between the northern islands of Britain and Iceland were announced in England. Two years later, the ship-owning company P&O was formed, which specialized in maritime tourism, and since 1840 it began to carry out group tourist trips around the Mediterranean Sea.
Today, the leading countries of maritime tourism are Germany, England and the USA. The islands of the southern part of the Pacific Ocean(Australia and New Zealand), Alaska, Mexico, Hawaii, Caribbean (USA), Mediterranean, Baltic, Northern Europe. Currently, there are more than 200 companies engaged in maritime tourism in the world.
A distinctive feature of sea tourism is its comfort and rather high cost. The most expensive type of sea tourism is a cruise. Sea cruise (sea cruises) is a comfortable accommodation and eventful pastime and the opportunity to see a lot of interesting, instructive and at the same time get a lot of pleasure. Modern cruise ships similar to a city in miniature, where there are many options for a pleasant stay for both single travelers and families with many children.
Recently, a lot of families with children choose to vacation in sea cruises. For these purposes, cruise companies develop entertaining and educational programs designed for children of different age groups. Specially prepared
educators and animators will take care of your children throughout the trip;
- river tourism- trips made on water transport along rivers, lakes and canals. The main feature of this tourism is territorial limitation. As a rule, river tours are not as long as sea cruises. A striking example of a river tour in Russia are: a cruise along the Volga and a trip to Valaam;
- bicycle and motorcycle tourism- travel by bicycle. This type of tourism can cover both small areas (for example, a trip to another city) and distant regions (for example, a bicycle trip around Europe, etc.). In cycling tourism, the concept of “categorical cycling trip” is distinguished - this is a bicycle trip made by a group of cyclists along a route that, in terms of complexity and length, corresponds to the Unified All-Russian Sports Classification of Tourist Routes (EVSKTM), the conditions for which comply with the Rules for conducting sports trips;
- tourism using other means of transportation- travel on specific, highly specialized means of transportation. For example, travel to hot-air balloon, trike, dog sled, etc.;
- hiking- travel without the use of any means of transportation. This type of tourism is mainly associated with the organization of trips.
All of these types of tourism, according to their dependence on means of transportation, are united by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) into three groups: air, land and water tourism. The dynamics of the ratio of these types of tourism in the total volume of international tourism is presented in Table. 5.
It should be noted that, as a rule, tourism is carried out not exclusively with the help of one type of vehicle, but with the use of two or more. For example, a bus tour of European cities is often organized from the border city of the Russian Federation (Brest or Kaliningrad), to which tourists Table 5
Percentage of tourist trips by mode of transport*
taken on the train. Or to go on a Mediterranean cruise, you must first fly by plane to the city that is the starting point of the cruise. This type of tourism, which includes the use of several Vehicle, called combined tourism.
Types and forms of modern tourism
There are different classifications of tourism and tourist routes. These classifications depend on the goals and objectives facing the organizers of tourism activities and tourism enterprises.
Classifications of tourism are of great importance for the practical activities of workers in the tourism sector. They help to identify the demand for tourism services and form the tourism market, produce and sell tourism products, solve the problems of territorial location of tourism infrastructure facilities, and plan the development of the material base of tourism.
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, or UNWTO ) proposes to classify tourism destinations according to the following types:
- domestic tourism- travel within the country of persons permanently residing in this country;
- inbound tourism- travel around the country of persons who do not live in it permanently;
- outbound tourism- travel of residents of the country to another country.
These main types of tourism can be combined in different ways, forming categories tourism:
- international tourism - This is a set of activities in the field of outbound and inbound tourism. In other words, this is the activity of enterprises of the tourism industry in providing a tourist product, tour or tourist services to citizens of the Russian Federation outside the country (outbound tourism) and to foreign citizens in the territory of the Russian Federation (inbound tourism);
- national tourism is a set of activities in the field of outbound and domestic tourism. In other words, this is the activity of enterprises of the tourism industry to provide a tourist product, tour or tourist services to citizens of the Russian Federation on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad.
- tourism within the country is a set of activities in the field of domestic and inbound tourism. In other words, this is the activity of enterprises of the tourism industry to provide a tourist product, tour or tourist services to citizens of the Russian Federation and foreign citizens on the territory of the Russian Federation.
As a sign that allows you to classify travel by type of tourism, are used motivational factors motivate a person to travel.
Types of tourism are characterized by considerable diversity. At least 12 types of tourism can be distinguished, but their number can be much more:
recreational;
Consumer;
Cultural and educational;
Reunion and nostalgic;
Business and professional;
Therapeutic and recreational;
Sports;
Adventure;
Ecological;
Religious (pilgrimage) tourism;
Combined tours;
Other types of tourism.
Recreational tourism associated with visiting and using for the purpose of recreation and recreation natural objects: seas, rivers, lakes, forests, mountains, etc. Unlike health tourism recreational tourism is not focused on specialized accommodation facilities, such as sanatoriums, dispensaries, and does not provide for therapeutic measures.
Consumer tourism includes the extraction of natural resources as the main component of the tour program. It can be licensed hunting, fishing, collection of wild food and medicinal plants.
Cultural tourism has a pronounced excursion component. Cultural and educational tours allow you to get acquainted with the history, traditions, culture of the country or place of visit, with the main attractions (for example, tours "Classic Paris", "Classic Rome", etc.)
Reunion and nostalgic tourism associated with visiting acquaintances and relatives, places of birth, past residence or place of birth of parents. This type of tourism is of particular importance for countries whose population lives abroad.
Nostalgic tours have especially spread due to the change in the political map, in particular, of Europe. Nostalgic tourism is also typical of the Japanese, who always visit the burial places of their ancestors. An example of nostalgic tourism can be specially organized trips for lovers " The Beatles”, trips to childhood - “In the footsteps of the heroes of the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm”, “In the footsteps of the Bremen town musicians”, etc.
Business and professional tourism involves trips to conferences, symposiums, negotiations, as well as to language courses. Unlike a business trip, business and professional tours, as a rule, have an excursion or health program.
Medical tourism focused on the use of natural healing resources and physiotherapeutic factors used to improve health.
Natural healing resources include:
Mineral water;
Healing mud;
Climatic features;
Picturesque landscapes;
Forests, forest park plantings;
Alpine meadows;
Areas suitable for koumiss treatment;
The brine of estuaries and lakes is a complex, highly concentrated, usually saturated with various salts, solution that covers mud deposits;
Seas and inland waters;
Other rare natural objects, such as medicinal oil, hot steam and gas, salt caves used for treatment, disease prevention and recreation.
Medical tours include:
Climatotherapy;
Balneotherapy (mineral waters);
Mud treatment;
Bathing and beach, walking procedures, etc.
Medical tours are usually are highly specialized. During such a tour, you can slow down the course of the disease and even completely get rid of the disease. First of all, this refers to visits to well-known clinical centers, whose specialists practice both classical and non-traditional methods of treatment, as well as to balneological and mud resorts.
Sports tourism may be:
Pedestrian;
Mountain, including skiing and climbing;
Bicycle;
Automotive;
Motorcycle;
Underground (speleotourism);
Sail-nym;
Horse and others.
Sports tours are divided into two groups:
1. Actually sports, during which tourists are actively involved in a particular sport.
2. Tours to sports competitions, where tourists act as fans.
Activity on the organization of sports tourism is manifested in various forms:
Organization of sports trips and trips;
Assignment of titles and categories (sports qualification tourism);
Carrying out sports and scientific expeditions;
Holding championships and competitions;
Organization of sports schools for the training of personnel - trainers-teachers and guides-conductors of sports tourism;
Organization of fairs and rallies;
Maintaining data banks about collective members, novelties of tourist equipment, routes of passes, description of peaks and other technically difficult obstacles;
Accounting and assignment of sports, instructor and referee titles;
Organization of youth and family tourism;
Organization of trips to sports events.
Adventure tourism involves tourists getting new bright and unexpected impressions, sometimes difficult to predict, but always clearly worked out by the organizers, including in terms of safety.
Adventure tour programs may include:
Reproducible spectacular historical events, fragments of modern cultural life;
Overcoming obstacles that require both physical and psycho-emotional stress.
Today it is small but growing and quite a promising segment of the tourist market. According to forecasts UNWTO, in the first decade of the XXI century. adventure tourism will develop intensively.
Ecological tourism is a journey among nature (sometimes it is called nature tourism, biotourism, etc.).
The main goals of ecological tourism are the harmonization of a person with his natural and social environment, environmental education and upbringing of various groups of the population.
The main tasks of ecological tourism are the observance of strict environmental standards and restrictions to the maximum extent possible.
Ecotourism includes:
Rural tourism, which provides accommodation in the homes of rural residents
Agro-ecological tourism, in which tourists lead a rural lifestyle on farms during their holidays.
The principles or features of ecological tourism are based on the desire of mankind to achieve sustainable development of territories, the preservation of biological and socio-cultural diversity.
The main principles of ecological tourism include:
Visiting well-preserved natural areas;
Inexhaustible, sustainable use of natural resources;
The presence of certain, rather strict rules of conduct;
Less than with conventional types of tourism, the intensity of the use of natural resources;
Ecological education of tourists, their participation in local cultural and environmental events;
Integration of ecological tourism into plans for regional development of territories;
Participation of the local population in the development of tourism and their receipt of financial and other benefits from this activity;
Ecological training of personnel employed in the field of ecological tourism.
Religious tourism (pilgrimage) is focused on visiting holy places, temples and monasteries that preserve the relics of saints, icons and other objects of religious worship. Religious tours are typical for representatives of major world religions and can be carried out both in an organized and spontaneous way. The main world centers of religious tourism are Mecca, Vatican, Medina, Lhasa, Jerusalem.
Combined tours include two or more types of tourist activity of the population. These can be health-improving trips with excursion programs, recreational and ecological tours, and many others.
Other types of tourism include a variety of types: desert, space tourism, etc.
desert tourism. In the second half of the XX century. tourists began to explore previously unsuitable for recreation corners the globe, including deserts. The growing interest in desert recreation was associated with the needs of tourists to test themselves in extreme conditions and visit places of pristine nature.
Often in the deserts are the remains of ancient civilizations. Some of them, such as the Egyptian pyramids and temples, have long been popular among tourists. Modern settlements of people in the deserts look fantastic from the point of view of a European. One of them, where cave houses are built in pits, was used by Steven Spielberg when filming the movie Star Wars.
In the deserts, tourists are offered participation in safaris and hunting. Some countries are developing sports tourism in the deserts. In Death Valley in the USA, where temperatures of +52 ° C are a common occurrence, since 1974 annual cross-country races for ultramarathoners have been held.
The attitude towards deserts as an object of tourism in different countries is not the same. In some African states, this is not given much importance, in others, on the contrary, they are trying to extract maximum profit from the deserts. So, in Tunisia in the second half of the 80s. In the 20th century, a program was adopted to use deserts for tourism purposes. The program provided for the development of tourism in the Sahara to smooth out the seasonal peaks in the arrival of tourists on the coast. In Australia, the Rock's sandy monolith national park Uluri has become one of the tourist symbols of the country. Famous Israeli resort Eilat, located in the desert on the shores of the Red Sea, offers vacationers a variety of health and wellness programs.
In Russia, desert tourism has not yet been developed, although there are desert areas in Astrakhan region and Kalmykia.
space tourism became a reality in 2001 when the first American space tourist Dennis Tito spent a week aboard the International Space Station, paying $20 million for his flight. USA. Subsequent flights into space as tourists by two foreign citizens caused a stir among wealthy residents of the United States and Canada. Polls have shown that 5-10 thousand people would like to pay 100 thousand dollars each to participate in an orbital space flight.
Approximately 7% of those surveyed said they were willing to spend several million dollars for the right to participate in space travel lasting several weeks. The survey included people whose annual income per family member is at least $250,000. Other Polls Conducted Periodically by US Media mass media, show that up to a third of respondents are willing to pay 50 thousand dollars to go to space.
Among other types of tourism, the most prominent are club tourism and gambling vacation. Club tourism is characterized by the fact that travelers consciously unite in groups. The formation of groups occurs in the presence of an entertainment or sports program of interest to people.
Gambling recreation as a type of tourism will develop in the coming years, after the creation of four gambling zones in Russia - on the territory of the Altai, Primorsky Territories, the Kaliningrad Region, as well as one zone on the territory of Krasnodar Territory and the Rostov region.
The Law on the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities mentions social tourism, fully or partially carried out at the expense of budgetary funds, state non-budgetary funds (including funds allocated within the framework of state social assistance), as well as employers' funds. In Russia, social tourism is not yet developed.
The simplest type of sports tourism - walking or ski crossing over short distances (for example, weekend tours), and the most difficult - mountain, water, including sailing tourism and cave exploration.
These species are associated with a risk to life and health and require special training.
What is modern tourism by purpose: a table with characteristics
- group and individual;
- children, youth and adults;
- with different types of obstacles(mountain, water, etc.);
- professional or amateur;
- combined and conventional.
Table with types and main characteristics of tourism.
| Types of tourism | Definition | Peculiarities |
| Pedestrian | Hiking on a predetermined route (with or without an overnight stay) for an average duration from 1 to 16-20 days. There are hikes of different difficulty levels for an average distance from 50 to 250 km. The most popular types of hiking are trekking (regular walking tour) and hiking (longer and more difficult transition). | Group hikes are conducted with an instructor. Singles hiking requires knowledge of the route and special skills. |
| Ski | Overcoming the planned route on skis. The group moves around with frequent stops. Stops at ski bases with ski slopes are possible. The trips are divided into six categories of difficulty. Tour duration - from 1 to 16-20 days. Route length - up to 300 km. Travel time is from January to March. | Always carried out with special sports equipment. Horse and sledge support is possible on the route. |
| Mountain | Traveling by a group of tourists in mountainous areas with the aim of passing passes of a certain category of difficulty, including climbing peaks. Transition duration on average - from 3 to 15 days. Route length - up to 160 km. Possibility of climbing up to 3000 meters or more, as well as overcoming other natural obstacles. | Requires special training (mountaineering skills, etc.). |
| Water | Movement on the water surface on a variety of floating craft(boats, yachts, etc.). The most popular types of water tourism are river rafting, rafting, sea kayaking. The route can be up to 250 km. | Requires sports boats (kayaks, kayaks, etc.), good physical fitness when participating in rafting of increased complexity. |
| Sailing (yachting) | One of the most popular varieties of water tourism. Overcoming the route on a yacht and other types of floating facilities (on triple and five-seater boats, rafts with a sail, boards). It is carried out not only at sea, but also on lakes and rivers. | You need to have the rights of a yacht helmsman or other skills in managing water transport. |
| Speleotourism | A sport and recreation associated with the exploration of horizontal and vertical caves, slums and underground passages. One route can be explored from 1 to 5 caves. | Travel can be at low temperatures, with almost 100% humidity air. Requires special training. |
Peculiarities
Overland route is compiled in advance and can include both plains, extended obstacles (for example, swamps, rivers), and complex passes and mountain peaks.
Depending on the complexity of the hike is determined and tourist equipment.
The calculation of the difficulty category takes into account such features as long obstacles, for example, for cycling tours, and for mountain hikes - local obstacles. By the waterways category depends on mileage and difficulty thresholds.
Sports tourism differs from ordinary tourism in the need to overcome natural obstacles. Distance matters for tourists up to a maximum of 3-3.5 thousand km) and trip duration ( on average from 1 to 20 days). The route may have up to 5, and in some cases up to 6 categories and up to three degrees of difficulty.
Reference! Sports tourism is basically a team sport. If it is not associated with the purchase of expensive vehicles, then in most cases does not require significant financial costs.
Tours by vehicles
In addition to hiking and water travel, there are popular types of tourism using horses, bicycles, cars and motorcycles. This speeds up the route and makes it more interesting for those who love speed and risk.
Bicycle
Cycling trips last as long as 1-2 days, and more ( up to 20 days). The group moves along bike paths or regular roads and often combines movement with sightseeing, recreation and walking.
Photo 1. A small group of tourists with bicycles following the path difficult route in mountainous area.
Cycling tours are popular in Tuscany, Turkey, France, on the island of Tenerife and in others. beautiful places. Route length cyclists can reach 600-800 km. Usually small groups are formed to move around. from 3 to 10 people.
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Auto and motorcycle tourism
Traveling on motorcycles and cars allows you to travel long distances, on the way, tourists visit cities and sights, stop for overnight stays in hotels or in protected places. Main problems that may arise, - breakdowns on the road, difficulties with placement in unfamiliar areas and accidents.
equestrian
This type of tourism includes both horseback riding for short distances and long journeys ( at least 4 days). You can go on a short hike without previous riding lessons. Allocate four categories of difficulty such travels.
Photo 2. Horse riding, as one of the types of equestrian tourism, can be a short distance or last several days.
Combined tours
Combined tourism is called, which brings together various activities. For example, trekking is combined with search and rescue operations, and autotourism is combined with racing. Ski crossings are often combined with mountain tourism or mountaineering, water crossings with diving or spearfishing.
Advantages of combined tours:
- the possibility of combining various kinds of physical activity;
- rich cultural and recreational program(e.g. sightseeing in different cities and countries).
The most common combination in hiking and cycling where walks are combined with trips, visits to caves or mountain hikes. When classifying combined trips, it is important that the section of one type of tourism is continuous.
Classification of various routes
Primarily hiking trails classify depending on their length, complexity, danger geographic area, variety of obstacles, and many other factors.
Each type of tourism has its own obstacles, and the more serious they are, the more difficult the route is considered.
Exist Unified All-Russian sports classification of routes, which determines the complexity of a particular distance.
Route types:
- linear;
- radial;
- ring;
- combined.
Linear
If the start and end of the path are at different points, then such a route is considered linear. For example, a tourist moves from point A to point B, that is, as if moving along one line. After passing the distance, the group either travels to their cities, or returns to point A by transport.
Radial
From one point of stay, the tourist goes to other points of stay, always returning to the place where the trip started(usually it is a sports or tourist base, camp).
For example, speleologists go out in the morning to explore the cave and come back in the evening.
Radial sports tourism is also popular on ordinary vacations. You can go from the hotel on a walking tour for 2-3 days or go on a diving tour.
Annular
Tourist group starts and ends in the same place. For example, along the ring route from Moscow, they often go on tours along the Golden Ring of Russia. Ring distances are convenient for both cycling tours and pedestrian crossings.
Combined
The route contains elements of linear, ring and radial. Most often it is used in foot-horse trips, as well as foot-speleo-water trails. In one tour, people can complete the route, as well as explore historical sights, engage in other sports.
When classifying routes, first of all, local and extended obstacles, as well as the category of difficulty, are taken into account.
Basic forms
Tourism forms are classified according to different criteria.
For example, focusing on the organizational form or duration of the distance, the age of the tourist, the seasonality of the trip.
A clear classification helps the tourist make a choice and not embark on a journey that may be too difficult and unpredictable for him.
Organizational
There is an amateur and organizational (planned) type of tourism activity. If tourists decide to go hiking on their own, then all risks are on their shoulders.
Another thing is an organized tour, where the route will be pre-marked, and perhaps escort in the form of a professional instructor, transportation of things, catering at halts. Planned tourism is organized by tour operators or sports clubs, which are responsible for the safety of tourists.
By number of participants
Depending on the number of participants, there are group and individual tourism. In the first case, groups are formed from 3 to 20 people, briefing is carried out, equipment and food rations are issued, after which the hike begins. In the second - a lone tourist takes care of its own itinerary, equipment and safety.
Important! Mostly go on individual tours well trained athletes with extensive travel experience.
By age
In the Program for the development of sports tourism in the Russian Federation for 2011-2018 sports tourism is divided into children's ( participants under 14), youthful ( under 18), youth or student ( up to 25 years), adult (from 25 years old), as well as for tourism among old people. There are different-age tourism, when there are people of different ages and training in the group.
Photo 3. A group of young tourists with equipment walking through a flower field, accompanied by adult instructors.
By travel time
The duration of the journey affects the assignment to it difficulty category. For the night, tourists are accommodated in tents, camp sites, hotels and other places. Primarily for long-term include hiking, skiing, mountain, cycling, auto, motorcycle, horse tours, less often - sailing, speleology, rafting. Duration of one day tour measured in hours, and multi-day - by number of nights.
By season
Depending on the time, tourism is divided into summer, winter and off-season. Ski type of sports tourism is mainly practiced in winter time of the year. At the same time, bike tours or any water sports require warm weather. Pedestrian transitions are mostly practiced May to October month.
Photo 4. Ski tourism belongs to the winter types, lovers of this recreation practice it in the cold season.
Thus, the seasonality of sports tourism is very important factor. It can be ignored only if you move to a country with a suitable climate (for example, fly to Tibet in summer for mountain tourism or in winter to Egypt for water sports).
On the use of vehicles
No trip is complete without equipment, but not everyone needs transportation.
Yacht, kayak, raft, boats and other types of watercraft are needed for water tourism. Cars, motorcycles, bicycles - for tours with their use.
Such tourism usually costs more than other sports because it requires refueling, Maintenance, parking fees, etc.
Development of new types of outdoor activities
Every year new types of modern sports tourism appear in the world. For example, actively developing extreme views sports: ice climbing, para-gliding, hang gliding, autotour-rally (off-road driving) and much more. Popular descents skiing on unequipped trails, desert racing, jungle hiking for the purpose of survival.
Attention! Tourists often on one's own think over routes and combine them with participation in various events.
Useful video
The video review tells about new extraordinary types of tourism that are gaining popularity.
Conclusion
Sports tourism is very different in complexity. You can choose for yourself any degree of load depending on physical fitness, sports category, age and skills.
Routes are selected independently or as part of organized tour with obligatory observance of all safety rules along the path of the group.
Today, the development of tourism is increasingly rapidly gaining momentum. This is greatly facilitated by the development transport infrastructure, nationwide globalization, the development of social relations. More and more unusual and interesting types of tourism are beginning to appear, capable of presenting a lot of new knowledge and impressions to travel participants.
It is believed that the term "tourism" was invented by the excellent writer Mark Twain, combining the words "tour" (in French - "journey") and "adventurism". To date, there are a huge number of different types of recreation.
Main goals modern tourism are educational, recreational, entertaining. People go on vacation to have a great rest, to improve their health in health resorts. They go to sports competitions, honeymoon trips, business trips. There is something for everyone in the myriad areas of the travel industry.
Excursion tourism
The name clearly indicates that recreation is directly related to cognitive goals. Today it is one of the most common types of tourism. Accompanied by experienced guides, you can walk through a number of interesting cultural sites, listen to fascinating lectures, becoming more erudite and savvy. The most popular tours among Russians are tours to Germany, the Czech Republic and the countries of Eastern Europe.
Recreational tourism
As a rule, this is a journey that allows you to combine business with pleasure - a good rest and treatment in one bottle. This type of tourism is also very common in the world. In a number of countries, it is an independent economic sector and exists along with other types of tourism. A vivid example is rest in the sanatoriums of the Crimea and the Caucasus, famous for their famous health resorts.
Guests are offered a set of procedures aimed at improving their health. These are massage rooms, gyms, therapeutic exercises, soy, mud and mineral baths. Bathing in various sources. All these procedures have an excellent healing effect on health and improve physical condition.
Business tourism
Business tourism is a kind of travel, which is primarily associated with the performance of duties of any field of activity. This may be visiting branches, partner firms, conducting business negotiations, presentations. There is an unspoken rule under which the host organizes a cultural and entertainment program for guests. A unique opportunity to spend time on a business trip with additional benefits, touching the culture of another country or city.
Sports tourism
Tours for the purpose of participation in various sports competitions. In this case, the services of travel agencies are used by team leaders or ordinary fans. The most interesting and popular events are the Olympic Games, the world and European football championships.
Target tourism
Targeted tourism is an event, the purpose of which is to visit various public events. For example, we can recall the world-famous carnivals in Brazil.
Extreme tourism
Extreme tourism is associated with significant physical exertion and even some dangers. I remember the movie "Now I will live in incredibly wild conditions." In this case, there may be trips to the jungles of Thailand or Cambodia to go through a survival school created by nature itself. These types of tourism are very popular now in Europe.
VIP tourism
VIP tourism includes visiting the most expensive resorts, such as Courchevel, Baden-Baden, GOA or the Kingdom of Monaco. Such tours, as a rule, include the most expensive services, for example, rent of yachts, cars. Provides high service, food at the highest level, accommodation in luxury hotels.
Water tourism
Water tourism is an excursion on a ship, a yacht and other equally attractive vessels. In this tourism industry, of course, there is diving, water skiing, swimming in the open sea, swimming with different kinds of animals, much more. In my opinion, one of the most romantic and pleasant types of recreation.
Ecological tourism
Ecological tourism is a trip to ecologically clean places, where almost no human has yet set foot. The study of flora and fauna, cultural attractions associated with the preservation and improvement of the ecological environment. And just the joy of communicating with pristine nature!
wedding tourism
Wedding tourism is the most beautiful, romantic kind of tourism. Created, of course, for newlyweds who want to spend an amazing Honeymoon in a warm friendly country, with an abundance of sea, sun, wonderful nature, amazing cultural attractions!
mountain tourism
Mountain tourism is one of the most famous types of tourism. Mountain tourism - walking routes, difficult overcoming of passes, steep slopes, rocky areas, mountain rivers and glaciers. There are routes of various complexity and preparation, where both experienced climbers and people without specialized training can participate. Mountains are, in fact, overcoming oneself, repeatedly strengthening one's character, nurturing courage and spiritual strength.
rural tourism
Rural tourism is becoming very popular view tourism in Europe and America. It is also called agricultural. With this type of recreation, the tourist goes to the countryside, lives in a wooden house, and, if desired, even takes part in agricultural work. Tobish plunges headlong into the magic of a simple, unpretentious rural life.
This type of recreation attracts mainly Europeans, in view of the proximity to pure nature, acquaintance with peasant life, nutrition with environmentally friendly products. It is wonderful to spend the summer with your family in the countryside, engage in outdoor activities, in the fresh air, visit a real village bathhouse, eat fresh vegetables straight from the garden and fresh milk. Life here flows slowly and measuredly, but every day in the bosom of nature is especially unique and beautiful in its own way.
Maritime tourism
Carried out on regular passenger sea liners or specialized. As a rule, the route is chosen in such a way that the ship periodically calls at interesting ports. different cities where exciting excursions are held and. The best conditions are usually provided on board the ships.
ski tourism
Ski tourism is one of the most common types of sports tourism. It involves the passage of routes and trails of varying degrees of difficulty. This path also includes ski slopes on specialized tracks. Of course, such types of tourism require appropriate high-quality equipment and significant physical training.
Ethnic tourism
It is more characteristic of older people who want to walk around the places where they previously lived or were simply happy to visit again. It allows you to see not only local attractions, but also all kinds of memorable places, cemeteries, etc. These types of tourism are also called nostalgic.
Walking through the places of your childhood, remembering the affairs of bygone days, you can rethink a lot, learn about yourself, your ancestors in a new, hitherto unknown way. Such memories are the most beautiful, give a lot of warmth. You understand that the father's house, which you once left, always remembered and missed you, and now, having waited for the moment, it meets you again, opening its arms. Just as cordially invites you to enter, look at old photographs, walk along such a close and dear once attic. One can clearly feel that time has no power over such feelings as love, joy, wonderful joyful moments in life. They are undeniably eternal.
Pilgrimage tourism
It is a kind of religious tourism. Pilgrimage trips are made by believers of various faiths. These are trips to Holy places, visiting churches, monasteries, Holy places. A good example would be visiting the wonderful historical monasteries of the city of Moscow and the Moscow region.
Adventure tourism
It is directly connected with carrying out exciting trips to exotic and unusual places of our planet in all kinds of reserves and reservations. These tours often use an extraordinary mode of transport. The most popular types of such tourism are safari tours, yacht trips.
This article will tell you what types of tours exist in the tourist market and which ones will suit your criteria for a good rest.
Many of us did not even think about the fact that vacations can be divided into various categories, and you can relax in different ways, even at the same resort. Therefore, tour operators, for the greater convenience of their customers, have identified several categories of tours that will enjoy a certain popularity.
The most demanded is a beach holiday, because our people work for a year in order to break out on their prescribed two weeks of vacation. sunny Beach sea and sunbathe from the heart. But, no less popular are excursion tours, allowing you to get out of a large metropolis for a day and plunge into the history of cities, and maybe other countries.
Some turn to a tour operator in search of a tour to a sanatorium in order to treat their tired body. And sometimes parents are looking for interesting trips for their beloved children, so that they grow and develop as cultural and interesting personalities.
And tour operators are happy to fulfill all the whims of their customers, providing them with those vacation options for which each of them came.
Health tours
Health tourism is currently very popular. The type of such tourism is intended for people who plan to spend their holidays in order to heal and improve their health and at the same time have a good time at a health resort.
Such tours are offered by quite a lot of tour operators, and their duration can vary from several days to several months. The most popular can be considered health resorts in Israel, China, Hungary and the Czech Republic. Each of them has a clear direction in the treatment of certain organs. Therefore, before you go to improve your health, you should consult with your doctor.
Educational tours
in the tourism market in this moment Quite an extensive selection of educational tours. Everything will depend on what exactly the tourist would like to see and where to go. Europe is rich in various interesting educational tours. After all, it is there that travelers most often seek to go, acquiring a bus tour.
But Russia is rich too ancient cities which are monuments of history. And it will be much more interesting to learn the history of your country. In the arsenal of any tour operator there are many tours around the Golden Ring, an amusing trip to Kazan or St. Petersburg. In absolutely any city, you will leave a piece of your heart and will strive to return there again.
Professional business tours
Every year professional and business tourism is gaining momentum. Basically, this is a direction to Europe for official purposes for several weeks. Although over the years, visiting European countries is gradually losing its position in this market, and the United States and Canada are becoming leaders.
Many companies resort to business trips, sending their employees on incentive tours, or to visit thematic exhibitions. More often business people go on such tours for conferences and presentations. Also, tour operators can offer business tours within the country, with accompaniment and hotel accommodation for all business trip participants.
Sports tours
Sports tours are designed specifically for real fans who are ready to follow their favorite team to any country in the world. Many tour operators who have developed special tours that include not only visiting matches are ready to help with this. On such a tour, you have the opportunity to enjoy a trip to another country, get acquainted with its history and traditions, visit many memorable places and, of course, taste the signature dishes of local cuisine.
Therefore, if the World Cup is planned, then feel free to look at the sites of tour operators and choose the tour you like.
Religious tours
Today, religious tours have become quite popular. After all, every year many millions of pilgrims, and even ordinary travelers, use the services of tour operators to visit religious places around the planet. Some go hoping to feel the holiness of great places and plunge into their faith, while others follow their interest in knowing and discovering new places.
The main country for pilgrims is Israel. Very often, tourists go to Palestine, Bethlehem, the town of Jaffa, in which Noah built his ark. There are a huge number of holy places, the main thing is that there is time to visit them.
In any case, after a trip to the holy places, you will remain in a blissful mood and with a bunch of memories.
Individual tours
And if you are an advanced traveler, and you yourself have already thought out the ideal route for yourself, then there are individual tours especially for you. An individual tour includes all your wishes and requirements for the upcoming vacation, taking into account the routes of movement, hotels of accommodation and the format of food in them, and a variety of excursions.
An individual tour is also good because you can visit several countries at a time, devoting as much time to each country as you see fit. At the same time, using not only air travel, but also other modes of transport. And in each country, you yourself will choose which places are best to visit.
Tours with special offers
Many travel agencies make their clients various Special offers in order to gain trust in the company and ensure that the client comes again and again. Therefore, the tour operator often posts new special offers on its websites, both for regular customers and for newcomers.
Various bonus programs, discounts and promotional offers have always attracted potential tourists. Therefore, looking for a vacation for a weekend, you should pay special attention to this category of travel. Or ask about such offers directly from your agent.
Last minute tours
Tours start to "burn" for quite understandable reasons - there is less and less time left before departure, and the ticket has not been implemented. And in this case, the tour operator significantly reduces the cost of the tour in order to somehow return the money spent on booking hotel rooms and air tickets.
If your work does not have a clearly controlled schedule, and you can break off at any time and go on a trip, then this vacation option will undoubtedly suit you. In addition, you can save a lot on "last-minute" tours, while relaxing in the best resort hotels.
Combined tours
Combined tours exist for those versatile individuals who want to visit all interesting places for a very short period of time. Moreover, these places are often not quite compatible. For example, a walk along the ancient relic monuments of the country's history and relaxation on the white sand.
Thanks to the combined tour, all vacationers will be able to enjoy their vacation, because it can combine educational excursions, romantic gatherings on the river bank, and active recreation.
Primarily, combined tours are popular in the summer seasons, capturing a little late spring and early autumn. Therefore, it is worth booking them in advance to be sure of your successful vacation.
Tours for two
Tours for two are designed specifically for couples in love, future newlyweds or happy married couples who want to escape the shackles of family life and relax on a romantic trip.
Most often, such tours are prepared taking into account all the romantic nuances that all lovers would like to see, including double rooms in hotels with a special design.
Such tours are popular in many directions, as well as beach resorts Turkey, Thailand and the Maldives, as well as European France, Italy or Spain. Therefore, each tourist will be able to choose exactly what his soulmate would like.
Bus tours
Bus tours are very popular among travelers who want to visit as many countries as possible in one tour. Basically, tourists go on a bus tour of Europe, because this is how you can travel through many countries, stopping in each and walking along the most famous sights.
Bus companies can provide very comfortable representatives of their industry for such trips. They have all the amenities for a comfortable trip: air conditioning, a small kitchen, a dry closet and, of course, soft comfortable seats that fold out into a horizontal position.
Cruise tours
Initially, cruises were only marine entertainment, carried out on huge liners and lasted more than one week. But progress does not stand still, and now tour operators are ready to provide their vacationers with a variety of cruises, both on the seas and on the rivers. The duration of such trips is now also quite diverse. Therefore, having carefully studied the offers of the tour operator, you will definitely be able to find what you have been looking for for a long time.
Train cruises are considered a novelty in the tourism business. not at all worse than liners trains equipped for this purpose will provide you with comfortable cabins and luxurious dining cars. Rest in such a cruise will be quite unusual and memorable.
Children's tours
Children's tours are successfully used in educational institutions. Tour operators are ready to offer tours both in Russia and abroad. This tour involves school-age children, united in groups, accompanied by professional educators and guides conducting excursions.
Children's tours can be for one or two days, if there are educational excursions to the sights of the country. Or they can be longer, with a learning direction, when children go to a children's camp of a specific learning specification. Children's tours to health camps are also very popular. There are organized rooms for children, good nutrition, sports and mental entertainment.
