Defines tourism as "temporary departures (travel) of citizens of Russia, foreign citizens and stateless persons from a permanent place of residence for recreational, educational, professional, business, sports, religious and other purposes without engaging in paid activities in the country of temporary residence, and tourism industry as “a set of hotels and other accommodation facilities, means of transport, facilities Catering, objects and means of entertainment, objects of educational, business, recreational, sports and other purposes, organizations engaged in tour operator and travel agency activities, as well as organizations providing excursion services of guides-interpreters. Under tourism activities refers to tour operator and travel agency activities, as well as other travel organization activities.

Under hospitality activities in Russia, it is understood as the activities of legal entities and individuals (individual entrepreneurs) that have or are vested in the established manner with property rights to any collective accommodation facility (with a capacity of at least 10 rooms) at their direct disposal and management for the provision of services for temporary accommodation (accommodation) and service to citizens.

Excursion activity- activities to organize the acquaintance of travelers with tourist resources in the country (place) of temporary stay, which does not provide for the provision of accommodation services (overnight stay).

For a number of reasons, the tourism industry, regarded as an industry, rarely receives the kind of public attention that would be in keeping with its role in economic activity. One of the main reasons is the lack of a properly organized statistical accounting of tourism activities, when the economic indicators of tourism "dissolve" in the data of other sectors of the national economy.

Tourism as a system of statistical concepts and definitions within the framework of supply and demand is shown in fig. 2.1.

Rice. 2.1. Tourism as a system of statistical concepts and definitions

In international tourism statistics, the term “visitors” is used as the units of observation, recording, classification and analysis, which includes all types of travelers.

On fig. 2.1. the activity of visitors (tourists and sightseers) is determined by the purposes of visits, the place of visits (country or locality, region of stay), types of Vehicle and accommodation facilities. Tourism is divided into types and categories (Fig. 2.2). There are three types of tourism: domestic, inbound and outbound. Categories of tourism include international and national tourism, as well as tourism within the country. Overnight visitors are considered tourists, while day visitors are considered sightseers. Tourists who arrived in the country on a cruise ship also act as sightseers, if they do not use local accommodation facilities for an overnight stay.

Rice. 2.2. Types and categories of tourism

According to Russian law tourist- this is a citizen visiting the country (place) of temporary residence (in the period from 24 hours to 6 months in a row, or spending at least one night), but without engaging in paid activities in this place. At the same time, tourism is also divided into internal, outbound, inbound, as well as social and amateur. Tourism domestic- travel around the country of persons permanently residing in it. Outbound tourism- travel of persons permanently residing in Russia to another country, and inbound tourism - travel in Russia of persons permanently residing in other countries. Under social tourism refers to travel subsidized from funds allocated by the state for social needs, and under amateur tourism- travel using active means of transportation, organized by tourists on their own, in compliance with certain norms and rules established by the state.

Tourism consumption is defined as the value of tourism products (goods and services) used to directly meet the needs of a tourist or sightseer. These include

Visitor's expenses for a package of services (tourist product) or separate expenses for accommodation, food and drinks, transport, leisure, recreation, cultural, sports, sightseeing and other events, as well as for purchases at the place of stay and other expenses.

Under tourist product (tourist product) refers to the totality of real (goods) and intangible (services) use values ​​necessary to meet the needs of a tourist arising during his tourist trip (trip) and caused by this particular trip. In the Law of the Russian Federation "On the basics of tourism activities in the Russian Federation" a tourist product is defined as “the right to a tour intended for sale to a tourist”, and “a tour package of services for accommodation, transportation, meals for tourists, excursion services, as well as services of guides-interpreters and other services provided depending on the purpose of travel”.

Under tourist goods is understood as a product of labor of industrial fields of activity, created for sale and intended for use mainly by tourists or sightseers.

tourist service- activities of enterprises, organizations, institutions or entrepreneurial citizens to meet the needs of visitors for travel, recreation or excursions.

Tourist goods and services include packaged trips - packages of services (tours), accommodation services, meals, transport services, cultural, sports, recreational, sightseeing and others, including special services, tourist goods and souvenirs consumed at the place of interruption (maps, schemes, points from sun, backpacks, etc.).

Service packages (tours) consist of:

accommodation services;
- catering services (including drinks);
- transport services;
- transfer (meeting, seeing off, a tray or transportation of luggage and a tourist to the place of residence);
- organization and provision of excursion, recreational, cultural and sports services;
- services for organizing visits to shops;
- other services (registration of passports, visas, medical and veterinary certificates, car rental, insurance, etc.).

Tourist services while dividing into main(included in the contract and paid by the visitor) and additional(paid at the time of consumption during travel or at the place of stay).

Thus, tour- this is a complex of services for accommodation, transportation and meals for tourists, excursion services, including the services of guides-translators and tour managers (group leaders), as well as other services provided depending on the purpose of the trip.

A tour is understood as a comprehensive tourist service, a trip, a trip organized on an individual or collective basis along a specific route and program with advance booking and purchase of travel tickets, hotel, transport, excursion services and food services, visas, insurance, etc.

As a rule, the tour is the primary selling unit of the tourism product in the tourism market, while individual tourism services are also in demand on the market.

The following types of tours are most common: inclusive tour and incentive tour.

Inclusive tour- a trip sold by travel companies in the form of a full range (package) of services, including obtaining a visa, transportation, hotel accommodation, meals, transfers, and excursion services along the travel route.

Inclusive tours are organized for both individual and group travel. Group tourism is the predominant form of travel.

Incentive tour is an incentive trip at the expense of the company, organized by the enterprise for its employees for achievements in work (for example, for increasing overall sales, effective advertising, assistance in staff training, etc.).

In cases where the cost group tour travel expenses associated with travel from the place of formation of the group to the first accommodation facility on the route, as well as from the last accommodation facility on the route back are included, the tour is sometimes called a transtour.

Individual travel represents an independent journey of one or more persons and is associated with a service of a personal nature, usually at a higher price. In international practice, individual trips are considered trips with a group size of less than 15 people.

In tourism activities, specialized and social tourism, timeshare, as well as alternative tourism are distinguished.

Specialized tourism- a term used to refer to tourists who buy a specialized tour and leave in order to study the specific features of a particular place, to gain personal experience, pass sports standards, outdoor activities, etc. As part of a specialized tour Special attention is given to a wide range of issues related to the study of culture, the nature of the place of visit, as well as the professional and various types of sports and tourism interests of travelers, with the obligatory observance of safety rules. In Russian practice, this is amateur and sports tourism.

In international practice, the following types of specialized tourism are distinguished: adventure (“soft” and “hard”), ecotourism, ethnic (nostalgic), rural, farm, ecotourism, sports, youth, etc. recent times in connection with the development of information networks is becoming widespread alternative tourism, where the organizer of travel is not a tour operator, but the tourist himself, the traveler using advertising materials of the performers of individual tourist services and ordering these services independently, with the help of information networks.

In any case, trips (stays, trips, tours) are carried out according to pre-selected routes and programs of stay and have a certain duration and purpose.

Route- the route of the tourist, indicated by a list of all geographical points and places successively visited by him during the trip, indicating the types of transport used by the tourist to move between stops (stays) on the route. The starting and ending points of the route are the starting and ending points of the journey. The beginning of the route is the place where the first tourist service is provided to the tourist, as specified in the contract. The end of the route is the place where the last tourist service is provided 2 .

Depending on the movement along the route on the route, linear, circular, radial and combined types of routes are distinguished (Fig. 2.3).

Rice. 2.3. Route types

H - the beginning of the route;
K - the end of the route;
PP1-PP4 - intermediate points of stay on the route.

Linear route- a route, the beginning and end of which occur at different geographical points of stay, for example, St. Petersburg - Moscow.

Ring route- a route, the beginning and end of which take place at the same geographical point of stay, for example, the America tour (New York - Washington - Atlantic City - Philadelphia - New York) or the Golden Ring of Russia tour (Moscow - Sergiev Posad - Rostov-Yaroslavsky - Yaroslavl - Kostroma - Ivanovo - Suzdal - Vladimir - Moscow).

Radial route- the route, the beginning and end of which occur in one geographical point of stay, located in which the tourist travels to other points of stay, returning to the starting point of the trip.

A combined route-path that contains elements of a linear, circular and radial route in one or another combination.

During the movement along the route, various vehicles, called intra-route, can be used.

Tourist travel (stay) program- an action plan indicating the dates and times of stay at the stopping points on the route, at the hotel, visits to places of tourist interest for the purpose of viewing them (excursions), meals, as well as moving along the route using the on-route vehicles indicated in the program. The program of stay (typical or individual) is a plan for the implementation of tourist services sold to the traveler, specified in the contract. Additional services can be provided to tourists directly at the places of stay for a fee under the responsibility of the traveler (unless otherwise specified in the contract).

Length of stay or trip is an important statistic that plays into leading role when determining the maximum limit after which the visit is no longer considered tourist. According to international rules, the maximum period is 1 year, according to Russian legislation - up to 6 months. The minimum length of stay or trip (24 hours) is also used to distinguish between tourists and day-trippers (non-overnight) sightseers. The duration of a visit (stay or trip) can be used to indirectly estimate tourism spending, especially if the average duration is for group travel.

The duration of the visit is measured in the following units:

Day trips - number of hours;
- stay - number of nights.

AT international tourism Travel duration is measured by the amount of time (hours or overnight stays) spent in the host country (outbound tourism) or the amount of time spent away from the permanent place of residence (domestic tourism).

Table 2.1.

Thus, in practice, a tourist product is understood as three main types of possible offers on the market.

The first kind - tour, complex tourist service. The tour offered by firms, tour operators (organizers) can be sold to the consumer for personal use (retail), as well as to wholesale buyers (intermediary firms, travel agencies) for economic benefits. The tour offered for sale at retail is sold in accordance with the rules for the sale of tourist vouchers established by the firms.

The second kind - separate tourist services, which include transport services, accommodation services, services for issuing foreign passports and visas of host countries, insurance, an excursion program, car rental and much more.

The third kind - tourist goods, including various kinds of information materials (catalogues, reference books, maps, dictionaries, guidebooks, souvenirs, etc.) that are necessary for tourists and travelers in the host country.

Development of a tourist product is a complex and multi-stage process that includes marketing research and analysis of market segments and competitors in it, expected consumer demand, destinations, tourist market conditions, assessment of real costs for the development, advertising and promotion of a tourist product. Analyzing the available data on the possible preferences and income of the buyer, the proposed costs of the tour operator for the development of a tourist product, it is possible to assess the feasibility and economic efficiency of its development.

TEST QUESTIONS

1. Define the tourism industry.
2. What is tourism activity?
3. What is a hotel business?
4. What should be understood as excursion activities?
5. What determines the activity of visitors-tourists and sightseers?
6. Name three types of tourism.
7. Define the categories of tourism.
8. What is the difference between a tourist and a sightseer by definition?
9. Define a tourism product.
10. What is a tourist service?
11. Name the services included in the service package (tour).
12. What is the difference between an inclusive tour and an incentive tour?
13. Name five purposes for which travel can be made.
14. Define the main purpose of the trip.
15. What is the difference between a group trip and an individual one?
16. Name the main types of specialized tourism.
17. What is the travel itinerary? What types of routes do you know?
18. What is a tourist travel program?
19. What is the duration of the visit? How is it measured and
how is it used?
20. What are the main travel expenses.

2 In the practice of trade unions tourism organizations In the USSR, the concept of "route" was identified with the concept of "tour", i.e. not only tours, but “routes” - all-Union, republican and local (regional), weekend, pedestrian, sightseeing, river and railway routes went on sale.

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Today, tourism as a form of active recreation is gaining more and more popularity. Today's youth directs their feet towards a healthy lifestyle. Less and less common are teenagers who prefer to walk on a scooter or a bicycle to sit in the company with beer and cigarettes. It does not matter whose merit it is: the social promotion of health on our television or Western films, but the fact remains that it has become fashionable to be athletic and have a passion for a healthy lifestyle.

Even recreation is now more associated not with a trip to nature with barbecue and a decent amount of alcohol, but with a sports game on fresh air or a trip to the sea not to lie on a sun lounger, but to see new places.

This is what attracts tourism as a form of active recreation, which allows you to combine travel, adventure and sports. First, we’ll immediately tell you about the disadvantages of this lesson for a modern girl who prefers comfort.

You can travel in different ways. There are tourist trips to foreign countries- foreign tourism. There is something similar inside the country: by boat from Perm to Astrakhan, or by boat from Krasnoyarsk to Dixon, or by train around the cities, or by plane on weekends from Yekaterinburg to St. Petersburg, etc. Is not active travel- they are performed without the expenditure of physical strength and intellectual abilities.

The possibilities of organizing tourist trips in our country are practically unlimited. Russia has a huge territory stretching across two continents (Europe and Asia).

In these vast expanses, almost all natural and climatic zones are found, from the icy Arctic deserts to the subtropics of the Western Caucasus. The landforms of the country are diverse, contrasting: lowlands, uplands, plateaus, mountains of various heights.

Its shores are washed by 12 seas of three oceans. The number of our streams, rivers, rivers, lakes is in the millions. So exotic enough for everyone. For decades, tens of thousands of tourists have been hiking, but now and in the future, anyone who wants to find a route that no one has gone before.

Serious tourist trips are known both in the tundra, and in the desert, and in other fairly monotonous landscapes. But those trips attracted adult qualified tourists for their sportiness - the difficulty of overcoming difficult terrain that stretches endlessly.

Mountainous areas are more attractive for travelers. They focus on different natural objects: peaks, passes, ridges, cirques, glaciers, snowfields, lakes, rivers.

Everyone has their own idea of ​​what it is big river», « high mountain”, “dense forest”, “endless steppe”. The more I saw rivers, mountains, forests and steppes, the more accurate these ideas. Not everyone correctly imagines what a glacier, kar, cave is. Explanations are of little help here. It is necessary to see these objects at least once, preferably in childhood.

Based on the foregoing, the essence of active tourist travel is that travelers themselves choose goals - natural objects that they would like to visit (see); they themselves lay a route that provides a rational overcoming of obstacles, the achievement of the chosen goals.

Modern active travel is a model of those research expeditions that discovered and studied the Earth. Tourists (especially children) also discover and explore new territories. It is better to see once than hear a hundred times. A person can see the taiga and the steppe, the desert and the tundra with his own eyes.

Only those who have traveled a lot in different parts have a correct idea of ​​the size of their country, the Earth as a whole. For homebodies, airplanes and television, the post office and the telegraph have compressed the Earth to the size of a small ball on which their house stands. Everything else is somewhere far away, but within one day's journey.

Active routes are mainly determined by the following criteria, guided by two criteria: the area to be traveled must be accessible (the existing transport network must ensure that it can be reached quickly and reliably); the route should be short, interesting (varied) and fairly simple.

Active travel implies a close interaction of man with nature. Trees and bushes provide firewood. Food is cooked on a fire, a fire can turn into a fire. You can sail along the river in a boat or raft, but you have to be careful - you can drown in the river. Rain creates great inconvenience for tourists, but it feeds the rivers, waters the plants.

These and similar observations and impressions can form in people an understanding of the dependence of people on nature, nature on people, the interconnection of natural phenomena, and will make it possible to realize oneself as part of nature.

The activity of the journey is that the goal and the paths to it are determined and announced in advance (“declared” route). Failure to pass the route, its change means failure, failure of the trip, defeat of the team (tourist group). Of course, everything here is rather arbitrary, but such conventions are inherent in sports in general.

There are active tourism and a specific feature. The stubborn pursuit of a conditional goal in a campaign requires caution. Otherwise, another, no longer conditional, task may arise - how to return alive. Defeat here may mean not a conditional loss, but a tough, unconditional question: “How to get out, survive?”.

Active travel - long (days, weeks) - a complex event. It requires a lot of physical (strength, endurance, techniques) and intellectual (tactical tasks, techniques) efforts. You can't foresee everything. Adventure awaits along the way.

It is necessary to be able to carry out what was planned in a specific real situation. Of course, this can be done if it was possible to more or less accurately guess (foresee!) what awaits on the route, and if travelers have a reserve of opportunities to overcome surprises.

The so-called "wild" tourism adjoins active tourism. "Wild" tourists have a more or less pronounced intention to visit the area, to see certain objects.

But they do not have a specific route that they are required to go through. Formally, this is expressed in the fact that they did not "declared" the journey. Depending on the situation during the trip, "wild" tourists adjust their intentions, change the route. It is clear that there is no clear line between active and "wild" tourism.

Tourism is able to solve health problems with strict observance of the correct regime of movement around the area, with the implementation of preparatory hardening measures and with some knowledge of disease prevention. Tourism as a form of active recreation involves the implementation of any kind of travel.

It can be both a trip on various modes of transport, and a hike (and often both at the same time). When engaging in tourism, you can have a good rest, while changing the atmosphere and nature of the activity, admire beautiful natural landscapes on the way, get acquainted with various cultural and historical sights different regions, communicate with other participants of the trip and people living in the visited settlements.

When carrying out such active recreation, it is important to know the features of dosing physical activity, take into account the requirements for catering and be able to choose the right clothes that are comfortable for traveling. active recreation recreational tourism

When doing tourism, adaptation to stress is much easier than when doing sports. Hiking mode is the best way to facilitate rapid adaptation to new conditions.

While moving around the area on foot, and even with an additional load in the form of a backpack, almost all the muscles of the human body get a pretty decent physical load. Therefore, with active movement in a hiking trip, it is necessary to periodically stop for rest and recuperation.

Despite the inevitable long-term physical activity during hiking, a properly organized hiking trip contributes to the formation of a cheerful mood and has a pronounced healing effect on a person’s health.

However, with some omissions during tourism, not entirely desirable effects on the body are possible. For example, in case of insufficient physical training of tourists, overwork and exhaustion of forces may develop. Such consequences can also be caused by the presence of any chronic diseases that do not manifest themselves in the absence of physical activity in everyday life, but immediately make themselves felt in field conditions.

Such factors, however, are not an absolute contraindication to the implementation of such an active type of recreation as tourism, however, in the presence of deviations in the state of health, one should carefully consider in advance the possible burden on the participants of the trip.

For example, with active movement over rough terrain, it is necessary to calculate the load on each participant in such a way as to prevent the development of overwork and prevent a decrease in concentration.

Long-term absence of stops for rest during a hike is fraught with the development of a state of fatigue in a person, while the tourist becomes more susceptible to injuries and is much less able to act adequately in possible emergency situations.

So tourism is public active view rest, but at the same time requires both physical and psychological readiness of a person to endure physical exertion during travel.

Tourism is usually divided into two types:

• recreational tourism - a classic type of tourism, including "health" ("beach", "holiday") and educational (excursion);
• sports tourism, which is based on competitions on routes that include overcoming categorized obstacles in the natural environment (passes, peaks, rapids, canyons, caves, etc.), and on distances laid in the natural environment and on artificial terrain.

Sports tourism in Russia is a national sport with a long tradition. It includes not only the sports component, but also a special spiritual sphere, and the way of life of the wanderers themselves.

Non-commercial tourist clubs are still the centers for the development of sports tourism, although many tourists do it on their own. The sport "Sports tourism" is included in the All-Russian register of sports:

• business tourism;
• astronomical tourism;
• business tourism;
• congress tourism;
• shopping tourism;
• extreme tourism;
• industrial tourism;
• archaeological tourism;
• gastronomic tourism;
• military tourism.

Each of these types of tourism can be divided into more specialized subspecies.

Cons of hiking

That little piece of vacation that you got for your work, I want to spend it properly. Lie on the beach, drink cocktails, take pictures in an interesting place and get a good dose of positive emotions and memories. Hiking is an interesting activity, but you will have to forget about comfort for a while.

This is the first and main disadvantage of tourism as a form of active recreation. Wherever you go with a tourist group, you will have to sleep in a tent, there will be no opportunity to wash your hair or do hair removal, you will be in unusual conditions where there will not always be access to water.

You need to be mentally prepared for this, especially if you are so used to comfort that you cannot imagine a morning without a hot shower and coffee with a croissant.

The second disadvantage is the dependence on the group, namely on the people with whom you go hiking. It's good if you go with a loved one or a friend with whom you can stick together. But even if you feel someone's support, you still have to live according to the laws of a tourist group for several days.

This means eating together with everyone, moving exactly on the planned route, and even resting only at the allotted time. Also, you will have to carry all your belongings and groceries in a backpack.

In addition to the food cargo, you will also have another, no less heavy burden - a responsibility due to which you will not be able to stop once again to take a break or be capricious due to fatigue. But in fact, any girl is no worse than a man to cope with the development of tourist recreation.

Positive aspects of tourism

Finally, let's talk about the advantages of tourism. In the campaign, you will not only improve your sports training, but also lose a couple of extra pounds. You will see a lot of interesting things and visit places where nature will show you all its splendor. You will discover active recreation, sacrificing comfort for the beauty of the natural world.

Communication in tourist group will also benefit - usually active and active people go on hikes interesting people with whom there is always something to talk about. These are new impressions, beautiful views, and basic survival skills in wild nature- who knows whether they will be useful to you or not, but knowledge in any case will not hurt. By the way, beautiful pictures you are also guaranteed - after all, there is always interesting places and beautiful views.

We hope you enjoy tourism as an active recreation. For a change, this is a great vacation option that will bring something new to your life and possibly become your new hobby.

Tourism as an active recreation

Organization of tourism business: technology for creating a tourist product Mishina Larisa Aleksandrovna

1.3. Travel as active recreation and health improvement

The social society is arranged in such a way that almost every adult is engaged in labor activity. Of course, it is beneficial for any employer that his employee has good health Because performance is directly related to health.

In paragraph 5 of Art. 37 of the Constitution Russian Federation, adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993, states that everyone has the right to rest. A citizen working under an employment contract is guaranteed the working hours, days off and holidays paid annual leave.

According to Art. 115 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, each employee must be annually provided with a basic paid leave of 28 calendar days.

Rest is a process that consists in restoring physical and mental performance. The process of rest takes place in conditions of cessation of activities that caused fatigue. Rest is a prerequisite for maintaining and strengthening health, it helps to restore physical and spiritual strength, and therefore makes a person active and efficient.

There are two types of recreation - active and passive.

Under passive recreation refers to the cessation of the activity that caused fatigue, and the further physical rest of the body.

Leisure- this is the cessation of tiring activity and switching the body's activity to another type of activity.

Tourism is one of the types of active recreation.

It should be noted that each person independently decides what type of recreation suits him. The main criteria for choosing one or another method are: the needs and interests of a person, his physical characteristics and financial capabilities.

For example, in Western countries, where the standard of living of most people is much higher than in Russia, a common form of recreation is a weekend tour. In Russia, a person plans in advance the time of a tourist trip and, as a rule, having waited for a vacation and saved up money, he goes on a trip for an average of 7-12 days.

As a result of a tourist trip, a person receives a complex of positive emotions, which leads to recuperation. Thus, tourism fully meets the main purpose of recreation and, therefore, is its type.

By definition, tourism- these are trips for recreational, health-improving, educational, physical culture and sports, professional and business, religious and other purposes.

Recreational tourism is a special type of tourism, the main purpose of which is to restore human strength through travel. The consequence of this type of rest is the removal of fatigue, increased efficiency, improvement of the general well-being of a person and his mood.

The basis recreational tourism the use of recreation and tourism resources for restoration purposes. These include not only natural, but also anthropogenic objects. Recreational resources are divided into natural-recreational and cultural-historical.

To natural and recreational resources include the coasts of various reservoirs, forests, mountains, etc.

Cultural and historical sights- these are different historical monuments, works of art, archeology and architectural structures.

If the classification is based on the nature of human use of recreational resources, then four types of resources can be distinguished:

1) recreational and medical (mineral waters, mud springs);

2) recreational and health-improving (swimming and beach areas, coniferous forests);

3) recreational and sports (ski resorts);

4) recreational and educational (various historical monuments, theme parks).

Since the personality of each person is individual, and the recovery of each person occurs through the use of various resources, it must be understood that the recreation tourism program should include recreation, various recreational and educational activities and other activities that can satisfy the needs of vacationers. As a rule, this type of tourism is characterized by the use of air travel and a small number of visited places.

Medical tourism- This is a type of tourism aimed at treatment and recovery. Here, an individual approach to each client is required, depending on the state of health and the needs of a particular person for a specific method of treatment and recovery. It's usually enough long rest(on average 24-28 days), carried out mainly in resorts, sanatoriums, rest homes. This type of tourism is characterized by the use of air transportation and the presence of a tourist in one place of stay with possible sightseeing trips.

Medical tourism is based on natural and recreational resources. These include: climate, mineral waters, mud springs, sea water, etc. Sanatoriums and resorts are located in the places of the above resources, where tourists are healed and treated with the help of climatotherapy (climate treatment), balneotherapy (treatment mineral waters), pelotherapy (mud therapy), etc.

Leisure tourism is distinguished by a wide variety of tourist resources used, methods of transportation, duration and number of places of stay. Leisure travel programs are varied and include various ways of entertainment and leisure activities.

Tourism as recreation is divided into active and passive. This division is based on the means of transportation used and the activity of the tourist during the journey.

Consider all existing groups.

1. The first group - tourists who prefer relaxing holiday. Such people are driven by the desire to move away from everyday worries and difficulties, to relax in a calm environment. As a rule, they do not like large crowds, use means of rapid transportation (air transportation) and prefer one place of rest (resort, recreation center).

2. The second group is tourists who prefer active recreation and vivid impressions. They are active and enterprising people who strive for diversity and entertainment.

3. The third group is tourists who prefer outdoor activities. These people want to be in harmony with nature, prefer to be outdoors and give themselves a certain amount of exercise (volleyball, fishing).

4. The fourth group - tourists who prefer sports. These are tourists for whom sport is a hobby. Such people strive for places of various amateur sports competitions, they love loads and movement.

5. The fifth group is tourists who prefer adventure. These are single tourists who love adventure tourism, risk and the opportunity to test themselves.

6. The sixth group - tourists who prefer cognitive activities. For this type of tourists, the main thing is to improve the level of their education. They are driven by the desire to see for themselves what they once heard or read about, they are interested in historical monuments and other cultural attractions.

Active tourism- this is an intensive human activity in the process of recreation, for example, entertainment, sports loads. Such tourism includes various tours associated with visiting exotic places, hunting, fishing, etc.

Passive tourism is a human activity in the process of recreation, which does not require strong physical exertion. Passive tourism tour programs are more focused on physical recreation and cognitive activities. Such tours can be designed for couples with children or pensioners.