Introduction

Tourism is a phenomenon known to everyone. At all times, our planet was crossed by numerous travelers and pioneers. But only recently tourism has emerged as a specific form of human activity. Each of us imagines tourism as an industry, more or less known, because we have all traveled somewhere and spent vacations away from home. Tourism is a relatively young phenomenon, which, however, has roots that go back to ancient times.

We entered the market economy at a time when significant changes had already taken place in the international market with respect to tourism. Tourism around the world has become one of the most significant economic sectors, and for some developing countries - the basis of their existence (Thailand, Cyprus, Malaysia, etc.).

Tourism is now one of the most dynamic sectors of both the Russian and the world economy. Tourism is also tourism enterprises, primarily the activities of tourism organizers and intermediaries. Today, the number of travel companies has greatly increased, and fierce competition forces them to occupy their niches in the market. There are firms dealing with individual countries or destinations, there are firms that work only to receive tourists. There are those that work with groups, and those that organize trips on an individual order. There are tour operators who fully organize trips and offer ready-made routes to other travel agencies at a discount, and there are travel agents who act as intermediaries between the tour operator and the client. Travel agents receive information about various tours, from which they select the right and most affordable for the client.

Definition of tourism

Is it possible to unequivocally answer the question, what does such a thing as "tourism" include? For some, tourism is associated with kilometers covered by untrodden paths, with a tent, with songs by the fire, for others it is trips to historical places, for others it is travel to foreign countries. And they are all right, because tourism is extremely diverse.

Tourism is a type of travel and covers the circle of people traveling and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure, business or other purposes. At first glance, the concept of "tourism" is accessible to each of us, since we all made trips somewhere, read articles about tourism in newspapers, watched TV shows about travel, and, when planning our vacation, used the advice and services of travel agencies. However, for scientific and educational purposes, it is very important to determine the relationship between the constituent elements of tourism as a branch of the national economy. Although various interpretations of this concept have appeared in the process of tourism development, the following criteria are of particular importance in determining this phenomenon:

1. Change of location. In this case, we are talking about a trip that is carried out to a place that is outside the usual environment. However, people who make daily trips between home and place of work or study cannot be considered tourists, as these trips do not go beyond their usual environment.

2. Stay elsewhere. The main condition here is that the place of stay should not be a place of permanent or long-term residence. In addition, it should not be related to labor activity (wage). This nuance should be taken into account, because the behavior of a person engaged in labor activity differs from the behavior of a tourist and cannot be classified as tourism. Another condition is that travelers must not stay in the place they visit for 12 consecutive months or more. A person who stays or plans to stay for one year or more in a certain place is considered a permanent resident from the point of view of tourism and therefore cannot be called a tourist.

3. Remuneration from a source in the place visited. The essence of this criterion is that the main purpose of the trip should not be the implementation of activities paid from a source in the place visited. Any person entering a country for work paid from a source in that country is considered a migrant and not a tourist to that country. This applies not only to international tourism, but also to tourism within one country. Every person traveling to another location within one country (or to another country) to carry out activities paid from a source in that place (country) is not considered a tourist of that place.

These three criteria, underlying the definition of tourism, are basic. At the same time, there are special categories of tourists for whom these criteria are still insufficient - these are refugees, nomads, prisoners, transit passengers who do not formally enter the country, and persons accompanying or escorting these groups.

Analysis of the above features, characteristics and criteria allows us to identify the following features of tourism:

Business travel, as well as travel for the purpose of spending leisure time, is movement outside the usual place of residence and work. If a resident of the city moves around it in order to make purchases, then he is not a tourist, since he does not leave his functional place;

Tourism is not only an important branch of the economy, but also an important part of people's lives. It covers the relationship of a person with his external environment.

Hence, tourism is a set of relationships, connections and phenomena that accompany the trip and stay of people in places that are not places of their permanent or long-term residence and are not related to their work activity.

Characteristics and features of types of tourism

As a feature that allows you to classify travel by types of tourism motivational factors can be used. With such a classification, one should proceed from the main motive that prompted a person to go on a trip. Although the motives are not always clearly defined, it is still possible to distinguish six types of tourism in the system of its management.

Tourism for the purpose of recreation. This type consists in a short or longer rest for the purpose of physical or psychological recovery of the body. In addition, this group also includes spa holidays, in which the natural properties of the soil, climate and sea water are used for treatment or recuperation.

Tourism for the purpose of studying culture. Tourism, focused on the knowledge of a foreign culture, is divided into cognitive and pilgrimage. Educational tourism covers a visit to historical, cultural or geographical attractions. Tourists traveling for educational purposes are most often interested in the social and economic relations of the countries they visit. The purpose of pilgrimage tourism is to visit places of special religious significance.

Public tourism. As public tourism, trips are made to visit relatives, acquaintances, friends (in international terminology it is known as visiting friends and relatives - VFR), as well as club tourism. Club tourism is different in that travelers are consciously integrated into groups. Grouping occurs when there is an entertainment or sports program that interests people.

Sports tourism. Sports tourism includes trips for the purpose of active participation in sporting events, as well as trips that are passive in nature, participation in sports competitions.

An example of active participation in sports: Ms. L. goes to the Carpathians to go skiing; passive participation: a football fan travels to all the biggest competitions of his football club.

Economic tourism - trips made out of professional and commercial interest: visits to stock exchanges, exhibitions, fairs, etc.

Congress (political) tourism is divided into diplomatic tourism, participation in congresses, as well as tourism associated with political events and activities.

An example of diplomatic tourism: members of the Russian parliament travel to the city of M. to take part in parliamentary sessions; tourism associated with political events: Ms V. sympathizes with the political trends of a particular party in Moscow. She attends the congress of this party.

Sometimes the need to specify tourism in its forms arises in connection with the different duration of travel (long and short trips). In this case, the length of stay on the trip is chosen as the main criterion for such a classification. If journeys are distinguished by such an external criterion as length of stay then we can say that these trips belong to various forms of tourism. There are many opportunities to distinguish forms of tourism according to external criteria: by the origin of tourists; by organizational form; by duration of stay on the trip; by age; by means of transport; by time of year or season.

At first glance, it may seem that there is no big difference between the forms and types of tourism. In both cases, trips are grouped based on certain points of view. The difference lies in the fact that the types of tourism differ in the motivation of travelers, i.e., in internal factors, and the forms of tourism differ in external causes and influences, which is very important for management.

Forms of tourism depending on the origin of tourists. Depending on the origin of travelers, tourism is divided into domestic and international. In this case, the word "origin" does not refer to a person's nationality or place of birth, but to his place of residence and work.

Forms of tourism depending on its organization (organizational form). Depending on the forms of organization, there are lump-sum (providing a range of services for one price) and individual tourism. A package tour is a standardized, pre-organized package of tourist services. An individual tour has the features that the tourist organizes and implements it independently. Such tours are also called solo, but this does not mean that you need to travel alone, because you can travel with your family, and at the same time the trip is called solo.

concept "individual tourism" most often opposed to the concept "mass tourism". Mass tourism originally meant that many people participate in tourism. Over time, this concept has acquired a negative meaning. Currently, mass tourism is associated with the negative impacts of primarily lump-sum tourism, which is why the concepts individual tourism and mass tourism are no longer suitable for distinguishing forms of tourism by the number of participants.

Forms of tourism depending on the length of stay. A very important classification of forms of tourism is their classification depending on the length of stay.

Travel duration refers to the time spent by a tourist in the course of a trip or stay in a visited place or country. Day trips are classified as follows: less than three hours; three - five hours; six - eight hours; nine - eleven o'clock; twelve or more hours. Overnight trips can be classified as follows: 1-3 nights; 4-7 nights; 8-28 nights; 29-91 nights; 92 - 365 nights.

Long trips are usually complemented by short trips. Short trips include transit trips, day trips and short-term tourism. Transit tourism is the stops of tourists on their way to their destination. One-day tourism is daylight tours: they do not involve overnight stays. A particularly important form of short-term tourism is short-term tourism. Short-term tourism includes business tourism and weekend trips. Regardless of whether trips are made for business or personal purposes, their average duration is 2-4 days, i.e. they include a minimum of one, a maximum of three nights.

Forms of tourism depending on the age of travelers. When classifying forms of tourism, the age of travelers is also taken into account. According to the age scale, the following groups of tourists are defined: children traveling with their parents; youth (tourists aged 15-24); relatively young, economically active people aged 25-44; economically active people of middle (45 - 64 years) age (travel, as a rule, without children); pensioners (65 years and older).

Forms of tourism depending on the means of transport. Depending on the vehicle used to move tourists from one place to another, the following forms of tourism are distinguished: air tourism, bus, rail, road and sea.

Forms of tourism depending on the season. Depending on the time of year, winter and summer tourism differs. Seasonal classification of forms of tourism shows fluctuations in demand for tourism services during the year. The time at which the maximum number of trips is made is called the tourist season, the period of decline in travel is called the off-season. Tourist seasons in different regions may not coincide.

In addition to the proposed six criteria, there are other points of view that allow classifying travel by form. To make the classification of tourism more complete, the World Tourism Organization proposes to classify tourism into the following types: domestic tourism - travel of residents of any region in this region; inbound tourism- travel in any country of persons who are not its inhabitants; outbound tourism - travel of residents of a country to another country. These main types of tourism can be combined in different ways to form categories of tourism. These categories of tourism can apply not only to any country, but also to the region; the term "region" - to some area within a country, or to a group of countries. Definition « tourism within the country » covers domestic and inbound tourism; "National tourism"- domestic and outbound tourism; "international tourism"- entry and exit.

Types of tourists

When studying the tourism business, it is very important to correctly answer the following question: who uses what tourism services? At the same time, one should think about whether the families of Mr. Ivanov and Mr. Sidorov will have the same vacation and whether their needs for a tourist product will coincide. The answer is unequivocal - no. In this regard, all tourists can be classified according to the following criteria:

Depending on their activity;

Depending on the lifestyle.

Traditionally among tourists on their vacation activities there are six groups:

Relaxation lovers. Its representatives go on vacation in order to get rid of everyday stress and relax in a calm and pleasant environment. They are afraid of strangers and large crowds of people. Quietly resting vacationers are attracted sun, sand and sea.

Pleasure lovers. This is a type of very adventurous tourists who, during their holidays, are busy looking for a variety of pleasures and prefer a secular atmosphere. The most commonly used words for them are: flirting, long distance.

Example: Mr. M. wakes up around noon and goes to the swimming pool. There he meets a cheerful company, they talk, drink a cocktail in a bar, swim a little and listen to music. In the afternoon, Mr. M. plays tennis with another vacationer. For the evening he has arrangement for dinner. After dinner - a visit to the disco, which lasts until the morning.

Outdoor enthusiasts. These tourists love nature and create an active load on their bodies. They prefer measured movement and stay in the open air. Their vacation can be combined with treatment.

Sports enthusiasts. Unlike active tourists, sportsmen have all their attention focused on competitions. Sports are very important for them - their hobby. They are not afraid of physical activity.

Vacationers for the purpose of knowledge, study. This type of tourists is interested in raising their educational level, learning new things. In this type, three subgroups are distinguished: P1 P2 and P3. Type P1 tourists visit places described in guidebooks. Type P2 focuses not so much on recognized landmarks as on finding places where he can feel their atmosphere. For him, feelings and moods come to the fore. Tourists of the P3 type have pronounced cultural and socio-scientific interests, they are very attracted to nature.

Adventure lovers. Only a few thrill-seekers go on a journey alone and put themselves at really serious risk in doing so. The type of adventurers can be attributed to those tourists who are looking for unusual experiences with a certain degree of risk. For them, risk is an opportunity to test themselves.

Classification of tourists into groups depending on from their lifestyle suggests a more in-depth approach to the selection of types, since it considers a person and his behavior not in isolation, but in connection with his life position, attitude to various things and his desires.

When selecting groups of tourists, depending on their lifestyle, the basis is not some separate criterion, but the general attitude of a person to his life. It is very difficult to do this, since the trends and the economic situation in society are subject to very strong changes over time.

Depending on the lifestyle, there are four groups of tourists: lovers of pleasure, tendentious, family and exclusively relaxing tourists. With this classification, it should be borne in mind that the distinguished groups are constantly changing and the boundaries between them are very vague.

Pleasure lovers. Representatives of this group make very high demands on the quality of rest. For them, travel is a way of self-expression. From rest, they want to enjoy, allow themselves some weaknesses or give themselves a sports load.

Example: Members of the S. family spend their holidays in the Alps on the shores of an alpine lake. They are accommodated in the hotel in comfortable apartments with the best view. During the day they surf and sail, and for a change they play golf and tennis. It is important for them that at dinner they are well served and offered a varied menu. After dinner, they sometimes go to a disco or meet friends at a bar.

Trendy tourists. For tourists belonging to this group, rest is an opportunity to find and express themselves as a person. These are vacationers with high demands, but unlike the “enjoying life”, they do not need luxury conditions. They are looking for unity with nature, silence and the possibility of psychological relief. They are aware of the problems of the environment, are interested in the politics and culture of the region they are planning to visit.

Example: Ms. B. was going to really relax during her vacation. She goes to a small boarding house. During the day, she rides her bike a lot and goes hiking. She devotes some time to enjoying loneliness, the landscape, the play of light, shades. If the weather does not allow, and in the evenings she stays in a boarding house, she reads, communicates with other vacationers. In the evening she attends concerts.

Family tourists. This group includes only families with children. Family tourists like to spend their holidays with family, friends and relatives. They rest in a calm and comfortable environment, buy services at competitive prices, and do not like to be disturbed. Most of the time they take care of themselves.

Example: The K. family rented a vacation home by the sea for the holidays. The family consists of four people. Most often they can be found on the street. They play ball, read, sunbathe, swim. All household duties are distributed: the children go for bread, everyone cleans up the bed, the whole family goes shopping. In the evening they go to dinner in a restaurant or cook themselves. If they stay at home, everyone helps to prepare dinner.

Whole rest. The most important condition for tourists of this type is the opportunity to relax. This group includes relatively passive tourists who spend their holidays in the traditional way: they are content with silence, sleep for a long time, like to eat tasty and plentiful food, take short walks or short trips. Fans of such a holiday rejoice if their favorite habits can be preserved during the holidays, because they do not like to experiment.

Conclusion

Today we perceive tourism as the most massive phenomenon of the 20th century, as one of the most striking phenomena of our time, which really penetrates into all spheres of our life and changes the world and landscape. Tourism has become one of the most important factors in the economy, so we see it not just as a trip or vacation. This concept is much broader and is the totality of relationships and the unity of connections and phenomena that accompany a person in travel.

High rates of tourism development, large volumes of foreign exchange earnings actively influence various sectors of the economy, which contributes to the formation of its own tourism industry. The tourism sector accounts for about 6% of the world's gross domestic product, 7% of global investment, every 16th job, 11% of global consumer spending. Thus, today it is impossible not to notice the huge impact that the tourism industry has on the world economy.

An important feature of the current stage of tourism development and changes in its organizational forms is the penetration of transport, trade, industrial, banking, insurance and other companies into the tourism business.

The intensive development of international tourist relations has led to the formation of numerous international organizations and the promotion of a better organization of this sphere of international economic relations.

Tourism (French tourisme, from tour - walk, trip), travel (trip, hike) in your free time, one of the types of outdoor activities. Distributed in most countries of the world. It is carried out, as a rule, by tourist organizations along tourist routes. There are numerous types and forms of tourism.

The main objectives of tourism are entertainment, recreational and educational. The second most important are the goals of medical and recreational, followed by professional business, guest, etc.

According to the movement relative to the limits of one country, international tourism and domestic tourism are distinguished.

Foreign tourism is travel to another country that is not related to paid activities within the host country. International tourism is divided into two categories - inbound (entry into the territory of the country of tourists who are not its citizens) and outbound (travel of citizens of this country abroad for tourism purposes).

Domestic tourism - travel within one state, not related to paid activities at the place of stay.

Depending on the intensity of tourist flows, permanent and seasonal tourism is distinguished. According to the method of organization: individual, group, organized and wild (or unorganized, amateur).

According to the purpose of travel, tourism is classified into many types, the list of which is constantly updated. The most popular today are: hiking, ecological tourism, cycling tourism, sports tourism, water tourism, recreational tourism, wedding tourism, pilgrimage tourism, scientific tourism, gastronomic tours, shopping tours, ethnic tourism, mountain tourism, ski tourism, sea ​​tourism, equestrian tourism, disabled tourism, museum tourism, health tourism, business tourism, educational tourism, adventure tourism, youth tourism, cruise, agricultural tourism, spaleotourism, cultural tourism, educational tourism, etc.

Cognitive tourism - travel to broaden one's horizons; one of the most widespread types of tourism. It is characterized by both individual trips and group trips.

Adventure tourism is a type of tourism associated with the organization of non-standard tours to exotic and environmentally friendly natural reservations, with unusual non-traditional vehicles. Adventure tourism includes hiking expeditions, safari tours (hunting, fishing, photography, etc.), circumnavigation (yachting).

Agricultural tourism - short-term accommodation in the countryside, on farms with full immersion in agriculture

Scientific tourism - tourism for the purpose of attending congresses, symposiums, scientific seminars, etc., the program of which includes excursion trips.

Educational tourism is a tourist trip in which the tourist combines leisure with education.

Business tourism - trips within the country or abroad related to business, including participation in exhibitions, conferences, forums, etc.

Cultural tourism is a type of international tourist travel associated with the acquaintance of tourists with national cultures, customs, and traditions in the host country.

Ecotourism is a combination of travel with an environmentally sensitive attitude to nature, involving the participation of tourists in environmental activities. Protected natural areas are the main resource of ecotourism.

Museum tourism is a kind of tourism, the specificity of which is to use the tourist potential of museums and the territories adjacent to them.

Speleotourism is a journey to explore or inspect caves.

Mountain tourism - hiking, providing for the passage of routes on foot in mountainous areas, overcoming passes above 3000-3500 m; passage of rocky areas, steep slopes, glaciers, mountain rivers.

A cruise is a tourist trip using one or another vehicle not only for moving, but also for temporary accommodation, food and service. The cruise schedule allows you to plan an individual trip.

Gastronomic tourism - tours for gourmets and lovers of delicious food. Many tourist regions attract travelers with gourmet cuisine or wines.

Shopping tours - travel for the purpose of shopping.

Wedding tourism is a type of tourism designed for newlyweds.

Pilgrimage tourism is a kind of religious tourism performed by believers of different faiths in holy places.

Ethnic (nostalgic, guest) tourism is a type of tourism associated with visiting relatives, parents or places of historical residence.

Health tourism (sea therapy, mud therapy, climatotherapy) - visits to resorts, health resorts, hospitals for health purposes. As a rule, health tourism is characterized by individual trips or trips in small groups.

Recreational tourism is a type of mass tourism for the purpose of treatment and recreation, restoration and development of physical, mental and emotional strength.

Hiking is a kind of tourist travel that is carried out on foot. Hiking routes are more often laid on the plain or in the foothills, low mountains, in almost any area.

Sports tourism is a type of tourism in which the main motive for making a trip is the desire to go in for sports that he is not able to do at his place of residence: yachting, skiing, cycling, etc.

Bicycle tourism is a popular form of outdoor activity, which has many varieties.

Equestrian tourism is carried out in the form of horse routes passing through nature reserves or national parks. Equestrian tourism is popular with lovers of ecological tourism, as it allows tourists to visit places remote from transport routes, with pristine nature.

Ski tourism is a kind of sports tourism, which provides for the passage of the route on skis along the plains and foothills.

Water tourism is a type of tourism in which recreation is carried out on the water using kayaks, boats, catamarans, motor ships and other watercraft.

Maritime tourism - water travel, performed on regular sea passenger or special cruise lines.

Children's tourism - an organized trip for a group of school-age children (from 7 to 17 years old) accompanied by a leader.

Youth tourism is a specific type of tourism activity of youth and adolescents, implemented both within national borders and at the regional and global levels.

Disabled tourism is a type of recreational tourism designed for people with disabilities.

Amateur tourism - travel using active modes of transportation, organized by tourists on their own, without the involvement of a tourist sales apparatus. At the same time, payment for tourist services is usually made as they are used.

- (English World Tourism Day) is an international holiday established by the General Assembly of the World Tourism Organization in 1979 in the Spanish city of Torremolinos. Celebrated on September 27th. It has been celebrated in Russia since 1983. Goal ... ... Wikipedia

Section of mountain tourism NSU sports section at Novosibirsk State University. How it all began File:Udin.jpg SECTION HEAD Vladimir Alekseevich Yudin, born in 1952, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Master ... Wikipedia

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Books

• Specific types of tourism and features of their organization, K.A. Ashastina, M.N. Solntseva, A.I. Schukin. In the collective monograph, for the first time, the specific features of the organization of wedding and UFO tourism are considered, the main definitions of these types of tourism are given. Edition format: 150…
• Special types of tourism, Dmitry Savin. The textbook discusses methodological problems in the classification and definition of special types of tourism, identifies their varieties and features. A special place is given to such…

Let's get acquainted with the most common types of tours.

SPA tours are a fairly common phenomenon in the field of tourism services, because this product is highly demanded by tourists. These tours usually consist of a carefully selected classic tour and a combination of a comprehensive visit to all kinds of SPA procedures.
able to deliver you a lot of positive emotions and at the same time will allow you to restore your health, being at the SPA resort.
When choosing a spa tour, you should take into account your desires and opportunities, as they are able to save you from excess weight or even make you give up bad habits, such as smoking.
In any case, a SPA tour will be associated with the word relaxation for you.

Auto tour or tours on wheels in our country is becoming increasingly popular, due to the fact that the population is growing in prosperity every year and, consequently, the number of cars is increasing.

An auto tour implies an active movement from place to place with the help of a car, thanks to which you can see and visit a lot of interesting places in a fairly short period of time. Having gone on such a tour, you will no doubt get a lot of positive emotions, because you can combine a pleasant pastime while driving a car and at the same time enjoy the picturesque landscapes.

In such tours there is another type of tours, which is known as jeeping, the difference of which is that the route of your trip will run through the most inaccessible and difficult places, and you will move on passable jeeps, getting a huge portion of adrenaline.

Bicycle tours or bicycle tours are a narrowly specific occupation, because. there are practically no tour operator companies that supply this product to the market, but due to the fact that those who like to ride a bicycle in various picturesque and interesting places, this product still has a fairly good demand and is popular.
Cycling tours allow you to visit many interesting places, especially since throughout the tour you will gradually move along a pre-laid and well-planned route, which is developed specifically so that you can see the most important and interesting places of a particular district, city or city as much as possible. countries. Bike tours come in different durations, it all depends on the place where the bike tour will take place.
So, if you are a fan of cycling, and even more so, you like to discover new and interesting places, as well as take amazing walks and meet a lot of interesting people, then bike tours are your opportunity to do this.

Gastronomic tours are also a specific tourism product. Who is suitable for gastronomic tours, you ask? We answer, Gastronomic tours are suitable for real gourmets in food and drink, but the circle of those wishing to visit such a tour is not limited to this. A gastronomic tour can also be useful for various kinds of restaurateurs who are looking for new products for their restaurant, and of course, gastronomic tours are also close to lovers and true connoisseurs of wine and other drinks.
Wine tours are an offshoot of gastronomic tours that specialize in visiting various wineries, for example, wine tours to Italy or France are in great demand, but wine is produced in many countries and therefore you can find such tours as: Wine tours to Argentina or Wine tours tours in Chile.
as a rule, they can include wine tours with a combination and tasting of various kinds of local products that the whole world knows about or no one knows about. For example, you can meet a gastronomic tour to Switzerland, which is famous for its chocolate, which, in turn, you can try a very large range of these products by visiting a similar tour.

New Year's tours are a special type of tours, especially considering the fact that the vast majority of Russians on New Year's holidays receive an additional and extraordinary vacation, if I may say so, which everyone tries to have a lot of fun and on a grand scale, and what could be better at this time as tours for the new year.
New Year's tours are not only visits to various warm countries, but also a wonderful opportunity to make unique trips around Russia.
Finding it is not difficult, since many travel agencies will be happy to select the best New Year tour for you, but the vast majority of tourists try to find unique and interesting New Year tours on their own.
In addition, New Year's tours differ from ordinary tours in that wherever you go at this time, you will definitely find an interesting and exciting show related to the celebration of the New Year, especially since in each country this holiday is celebrated taking into account local law and mentality.

Wedding tours are a great opportunity to fulfill your cherished dream and hold an official wedding ceremony in some piece of paradise.
Wedding tours, of course, are primarily aimed at organizing and holding official wedding events for a couple, and as a rule, such a wedding tour already includes a certain package of standard services, which, if desired, can be supplemented with various kinds of options.
Of course, many people prefer to conduct wedding tours in some warm and beautiful country, for example, Hawaii, but there is a certain category of people who prefer to go on a wedding tour to some unusual and rarely visited place in order to turn such a wedding ceremony into a real holiday and make it unique.

Weekend tours are a great opportunity to spend the weekend somewhere in a great place. This type of tour is currently only developing in our country and therefore the choice is not as wide as we would like. But nothing stands still and this area in tourism is adding everything every day and strengthening its position in this difficult market.

What can the average citizen afford? For the weekend, you can safely go on a weekend tour by bus to a nearby region or region, believe me, in every subject of the Russian Federation there are excellent places that are worth visiting, it’s another matter that sometimes it’s too expensive or just lazy.

For lovers of foreign countries, the option of spending days off in Europe or Asia is perfect, because someone is close to Europe, and someone to Asia, we have such a big country.

A weekend tour can be purchased from a tour operator specializing in this type of service, or you can arrange such a trip yourself, for example, you can go to Uglich or Italy by buying tickets on your own and booking a hotel, or you can go to Myshkin by private car, again not forgetting to book a hotel in advance .

Shop tours are not only a great opportunity to visit and get to know a particular country, but also to make useful and pleasant purchases.
Shop tours or as they are also called shopping tours are very popular among the mass of people who like to combine a pleasant trip and useful purchases. Not everyone still knows that thanks to shop tours, you can buy quality items at an adequate price. For example, taking a shopping tour to Milan, you can visit the leading fashion capital in Europe and purchase a lot of high-quality and original goods from famous couturiers and not only. Shop tours are especially popular during sales that take place in various countries and thanks to which you can buy various things at a uniquely low price. Sales seasons in different countries are different, thanks to which you can make shopping tours almost every month and buy things that warm your soul.
In addition, the specifics of shop tours to each country are unique, for example, if we are talking about Italy, then there are usually shop tours for "brand" things, - shop tours for fur coats, China - shop tours for gifts, etc.

Extreme tours are not so rare a tourist product, as there are a lot of people in the world who like to spend their vacation not just lying like a vegetable on some beach, but they need a dose of adrenaline, and the more the better.
Extreme tours are better than ever for such people, because such a tourist product is developed specifically and is able to fully meet expectations. Having gone on an extreme tour, you need to know that, as a rule, such tours are suitable for professionals in their field, or people who are very passionate about their hobbies, because any extreme tour is still a risk and you will need some skill, if not even experience and skill. .
Extreme tours, as a rule, are always divided into certain categories, for example, by type of tour (kayaks, jeeps), i.e. in fact, these are some sports such as: mountaineering, rafting, mountain biking.
The most important feature of extreme tours is that no one who goes on such a tour knows who will win this fight, on the one hand of which people act, and on the other mother nature.

Furniture tours will allow you to make a pleasant trip to a particular country and visit the most important places for the production and sale of furniture. Furniture tours are suitable for a wide range of people, especially those who are looking for good and high-quality furniture and want to see it first and then buy it.
Why go on a furniture tour if you can see it in your own country? If you are a connoisseur of furniture and want to find and order exclusive furniture, then furniture tours are your choice. Thanks to this specific travel offer, you receive a full range of services aimed at meeting your needs. The main country for this tourism product is China, i.е. furniture tours to China are the lion's share of this product, but at the same time, furniture is also produced in other countries, such as France, Italy, so furniture tours to a factory in Italy or France or any other country are possible.

Sightseeing tours are a very popular product in the tourist services market, because this is not just a tour where you will just relax enjoying the gentle rays of the sun, but a kind of journey, going on which you will find an interesting and rich program with visits to various places and attractions.
As a rule, sightseeing tours are interesting for a special class of tourists who wish to visit many countries in the shortest possible time and see their main attractions. For this kind of demand, there are excursion tours that are developed taking into account the above requirements. In addition, sightseeing tours will allow you to get the most out of this kind of travel, since each such tour is worked out to the smallest detail and you do not need to draw up routes yourself. I am purchasing a sightseeing tour. You just have to read its detailed route and, if your needs are met, purchase such a tour and enjoy the trip.

Children's tours are one of the very specific tourism products, but at the same time they are in demand in the tourism market. For example, many people want to send their people on an exciting journey, or go on a trip with them that will be "sharpened" for children's holidays, for example, New Year's children's tours or tours dedicated to a particular event or directed to a specific country.
Of course, New Year's children's tours or children's vacation tours are especially popular, because it is during this period that many parents combine business with pleasure and go with their child on a journey that will benefit their child.
Children's tours to various amusement parks such as Disneyland or Lego Park are also very popular. In addition, at the moment, such a type of children's tours as a summer holiday in a camp or recreation center is being revived, of course, this type of children's holiday has been transformed, adapting to the existing conditions and realities of the 21st century, but still it is somewhat similar to the former holiday in the camp.
So, if you want to spend time with maximum benefit for your child, we recommend that you choose children's tours.

Educational tours are designed to eliminate the various kinds of barriers that potential tourists of this kind have, whether it be a language barrier or some other.
As a rule, an educational tour combines some educational program and recreation in this country.
As a rule, educational tours mean studying abroad at the best universities and colleges, after which you receive the knowledge you need, secured with the necessary skills and documents on successful completion of the training.

Medical tours are a very specific tourism product, because they combine the classic tour and complement it with active treatment.
Such tours are divided by direction, i.е. by countries, for example, there are medical tours to China, the Czech Republic, the Czech Republic, Israel, Hungary and according to the activities of a particular health center.
Do not think that medical tours consist of procedures and you will not be able to relax, on the contrary, by visiting such a tour, you can not only have a pleasant rest and visit this or that country, but also get a charge of vivacity and improve your health, especially since many of us well-known procedures such as mud baths or bathing in thermal springs after which you feel reborn.

Pilgrimage tours are a very specific product in the tourism market, which are focused on believers.
Pilgrimage tours will allow you to visit all the holy places that are located in different parts of our planet. One of the main destinations for this type of tour is Israel, because it is rightfully considered the promised land and a huge number of pilgrims flock there every year, especially during major holidays such as Christmas or Epiphany.
In any case, pilgrimage tours can satisfy your wishes and allow you to enrich yourself spiritually by visiting this or that holy corner of the world.

They are a special type of recreation, because. it is very specific and will especially appeal to those who love the sea and try to see a wide variety of sights in a relatively short period of time, visiting several countries.
Cruises are ideal for leisurely people, where you can sail on a huge liner that looks more like a small floating city, rushing into the distance to the shores of various countries. Going on a cruise, you can forget about everything, because. this type of holiday perfectly combines both a classic beach holiday and a sightseeing tour. As a rule, cruise routes are designed in such a way that you can visit the most unique and main attractions of a particular country or several countries with stops in the best ports around the world.

nowadays they are in increasing demand, because ordinary fishing is already a little boring for many, and for some it is a new and interesting adventure with the opportunity to do what they love.

Fishing tours exist not only in the domestic market, but also with trips abroad, among which northern countries such as Norway and Finland are especially popular. Going on this kind of tour, you are guaranteed to get a catch, the volume of which depends on your skill and ingenuity. In most cases, a license for this type of recreation is not needed, but in some cases it is necessary to take care of acquiring a fishing license in advance, which can be obtained from the tour operator that provides services.

As a rule, before buying a fishing tour you should be informed about the tour program and what kind of catch you can expect. In most cases, you can not take your equipment, as they will gladly provide you with all the necessary equipment for rent, but it’s always up to you to take or take, because in the end it’s up to the totality of everything to decide how successful your catch will be.

City tour is a new and promising direction in the field of tourism. City tour what is it? We answer that this is an ordinary sightseeing tour, where professional guides and transport are provided to your attention for comfortable movement around the city, so you get a comfortable trip with visits to the most important sights and shops.

These types of tours are great for avid travelers who come to any city and want to visit all its main places, but they have little or no time to make a plan on their own, what to visit first and even more so how to get to it all.

Let's say you arrived in Moscow, you have only one day of free time, and you want to see all its sights, such as Red Square, GUM, etc., but at the same time you have a catastrophically little time or you simply cannot find out how to get there and even more so to visit everything. And if you can, it will be very expensive, because you have to pay for everything. In this case, an excellent solution would be a city tour of Moscow, or a sightseeing tour, however, the second option will be less intense.

Expedition tours or expeditions are a very specific product that is not like any other product and they belong to the so-called deep tourism, which is suitable mainly for fans in tourism.
Expeditions are usually long and each of them has some task, whether it is an archaeological expedition or just an expedition tour to Mexico. Each such tour is designed to acquaint people with amazing places on our planet that are little studied or are of particular value to the world community.
Expedition tours are a complex of combined events, where each of the expedition members has several tasks that he needs to solve throughout the tour.

Promotional tours are a very specific product designed exclusively for employees working in various travel companies. The main goal of such tours is a deep acquaintance with a particular country, its culture and specifics. As a rule, going on advertising tours, employees of travel companies are waiting for a very rich and rich program, which includes a variety of excursions, visits to the most important and, first of all, popular cities among tourists, as well as visits to the most important attractions. The duration of such a tour approximately takes an average of 2 weeks, i.е. 14 days, which is quite enough for an employee of one or another travel company to be able to get acquainted with many objects and be able to learn in some way the culture of the local population.
As in “ordinary” tours, there is also a lot of competition in promotional tours, because all these tours are different from each other and when planning this kind of trip for their employees, travel companies try, they approach it very thoroughly, because the success of visiting a promotional tour in the future depends successful promotion and sale of tour packages to this country.

Currently, there are a lot of classifications of tourism. However, one of the main ones is the classification of tourism depending on the needs of travelers. The tourist himself is an active or passive subject of tourism activity. Tourism activities have evolved over time from traditional activities associated with culture, sports, to the latest, such as adventure tourism, rural tourism, etc. But more and more new species are constantly appearing.

So, consider the main types of tourism according to needs.

Cultural and educational tourism. It is based on the need of the tourist to expand his cultural horizons. This type of tourism introduces cultural values. At the same time, the tourist receives knowledge without coercion, at his own choice.

Cultural and educational activities can be grouped as follows:

A) acquaintance with various historical, architectural or cultural eras by visiting architectural monuments, museums, historical routes, etc.;
b) visits to cultural or artistic performances: musical, cinema or theater, concerts, exhibitions;
c) attending lectures, seminars, foreign language courses.

Sports tourism. There are 2 types of sports tourism: active and passive. With an active basis is the need to engage in some kind of sport. When passive - this is an interest in a sport, observation.

Sports tourism is a traditional form of activity. New forms of sports tourism have significantly revived it in recent times.

This type of tourism includes the following sports activities:

1. Water tourism, is an active form of activity known since ancient times in countries with water resources. Recently, with the emergence of new modern forms, he is experiencing an upsurge. This refers to the use of various types of vessels (sailing or with a motor), which are purchased by tourists or rented. The main infrastructure of this type of tourism is the sports port.

2. Winter sport. The practice of winter sports is a traditional tourist activity. It has varieties: alpine skiing, alpine skiing, sledding, etc. As a rule, winter tourism is based on mountain winter stations.

3. Hunting and fishing. Hunting and fishing activities are a traditional form of tourism. However, it is carried out according to certain rules. A special license or permit is required. Hunting and fishing depend on the geographic location, time of year and the relevant permits and prohibitions aimed at preserving certain species of animals and fish.

One of the options for hunting is a safari in reserves in Africa. It should be noted that these 2 types of sports tourism are quite specific and have their adherents.

4. Golf is another type of sports tourism. The practice of this type of tourism originated in Great Britain and then spread to other countries of the world, mainly in Europe and the USA. It should be noted that sports tourism should have a wide infrastructure. It includes sports equipment rentals, service areas: locker rooms, technical services; the presence of special facilities: fields, courts, pools, skating rinks, etc. Due to the increased risk and injury risk, the presence of medical centers is expected. In addition, an additional service area is also needed, including accommodation, catering facilities, shops, discos, etc.

Adventure tourism. Adventure tourism can be roughly divided into 2 parts: adventure sports and adventure travel.

1. Adventure sports. Nowadays, in addition to traditional sports, new types of adventure-related sports have emerged that are included in tourism activities.

Among them are:

Balloon tourism (hot air balloon travel);
- climbing;
- descent on stormy rivers - rafting;
- water skiing;
- windsurfing;
- travel on horses, motorcycles, bicycles on the plain and mountains;
- descent by parachute in the mountains or in the sea;
- diving;
- snowmobiling, jet skiing.

2. adventure travel, or adventure tourism consists not only in sports activities with a greater or lesser degree of risk, but also in various types of travel, the routes of which take place in difficult geographical or natural conditions. For example: the Amazon River, the Sahara Desert, the Himalayas, etc. In addition, the possible difficulties of the route may depend on vehicles, accommodation (accommodation), type of food.

Tourist areas in which adventure tourism is especially popular are the African savannas and deserts, the mountainous regions of South America and Asia.

Business tourism. These are trips for the purpose of establishing or maintaining contacts with business partners. Business tourism covers travel for official purposes without receiving income at the place of business trip. Unlike vacation trips, the decision to travel on a business trip, as a rule, is made not by the tourists themselves, but by other persons (boss)

Business tourism is directly connected with large cities, where industry, trade, science and culture are mainly developing. The largest cities in which these meetings and business negotiations are carried out are Paris, London, Frankfurt am Main, Rome, Amsterdam, Madrid, Geneva, Barcelona.

The World Tourism Organization (WTO) refers to business tourism trips to participate in congresses, general meetings of any organization of a diplomatic or other nature, conferences, industrial seminars and meetings, fairs, exhibitions and international salons, etc.

WTO business travelers include truck drivers, commercial agents, stewardesses, tour guides and others who are constantly on the road and perform their professional duties outside the normal environment. All of them are legitimately considered tourists at work.

However, business tourism is often subdivided into business trips; congress and exhibition; incentive tourism(from English incentive - incentive, encouraging).

Congress and exhibition tourism- these are tourist trips for the purpose of participating in various events (congresses, congresses). The intensive development of this type of tourism has led to the creation of a number of organizations fully specialized in international events (the "International Union of Congress Organizers"). Carrying out such events requires special preparation. Since the service includes both the provision of tourist services directly (accommodation, meals, excursions, transfers), and specific ones. It is necessary to provide a large amount of services that go beyond the traditional ones: registration of congress participants, translation services, technical support, production of a large volume of printed materials (booklets, catalogs, etc.)

Incentive tourism is a trip that the company rewards its employees for high performance in work. Of course, it is possible to stimulate productive labor with the help of a monetary bonus. But, as practice shows, a tourist trip carries a much stronger incentive to better work. This form of labor incentives has proven itself especially well in insurance and banking companies, and in trading enterprises. The results of a survey conducted among commercial firms in the UK showed that more than 90% of them recognize the high effectiveness of the incentive and intend to continue using it in the future. Unlike mass tours, incentive programs are developed for a specific corporate customer and, as a rule, provide high-quality accommodation and service on the route. And although “rewarded” tourists make up only 5-7% of the total tourist flow, the share of incentives in countries' tourism income is much larger. This is due to the high cost of incentive programs compared to conventional tours.

Medical (medical) tourism. It is based on the need to treat various diseases. Medical tourism has several varieties, characterized by various means of influencing the human body (climatotherapy; sea therapy; milk therapy). Often, several types of exposure can be used simultaneously in the treatment.

One of the varieties of medical tourism is the balneological tourism known since ancient times, which is associated with thermal and medicinal waters. Currently, mud therapy, thalassotherapy (algae wrap with mineral water) is actively developing.