Which lake is located on the territory of the Russian Federation. Lakes of Russia

Fresh water is the main wealth of Russia. This is what our children and grandchildren should be proud of. It is in the Russian Federation that there is most of all clean water in the world. Below is a ranking of the top ten Russian lakes by area, which are considered among the cleanest and deepest in the world. Well, are you ready? Go…

Lake Ilmen is located in the Novgorod region. Its area is 982 sq. km. The greatest depth is up to 10 meters.

At this lake very winding coastline. Its area is 986 sq. km. The maximum depth is up to 56 meters. This place is very popular with kayakers and fishermen.

Beloe Lake is located in the Vologda Oblast. Its area is about 1284 sq. km. Average depth- 5–7 m. Approximately 29 species of various fish live here.

Lake Chany is located in the Novosibirsk region. Its water is salty. The area according to various estimates varies from 1400 to 2000 sq. km. The greatest depth is 7 m. According to ancient legends, a huge snake lives in this lake, which devours people and livestock.

Lake Khanka is located on Far East Russia. Its maximum depth is about 11 m, the area is 4,070 sq. km.

Lake Taimyr is located on the peninsula of the same name in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it is considered the northernmost in the world. Almost always covered in ice. Due to fluctuations in the water level, its area can change, and reach 4,560 sq. km. Max. depth - up to 26 m.

Lake Onega is located on the territory of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions. Its area is approx. 9 700 sq. km. The greatest depth is 127 m.

Ladoga lake located on the territory of Karelia and the Leningrad region. It is the largest freshwater lake in Europe. Its area is more 17.6 thousand sq. km. The maximum depth is 230 meters. 35 rivers flow into it.

- a reservoir formed on the surface of the land in a natural depression. Since the lake does not have a direct connection with the ocean, it is a reservoir of slow water exchange.

The total area of ​​lakes on the globe- about 2.7 million km 3, which is 1.8% of the land surface.

The main characteristics of the lake:

• lake area - water surface area;
• coastline length - water edge length;
• lake length - the shortest distance between the two most distant points on a coastline, average width - ratio of area to length;
• lake volume - the volume of the basin filled with water;
• average depth - ratio of water mass volume to area;
• maximum depth - found by direct measurements.

The largest lake in terms of water surface area on Earth is the Caspian (376 thousand km 2 at a water level of 28 m), and the deepest is Baikal (1620 m).

The characteristics of the largest lakes in the world are given in Table. one.

In each lake, three interconnected components are distinguished: a basin, a water mass, vegetation and animal world reservoir.

Lakes of the world

By position lake basin lakes are divided into ground and underground. The latter are sometimes filled with juvenile water. The subglacial lake in Antarctica can also be classified as an underground lake.

Lake basins can be like endogenous, and exogenous origin, which most significantly affects their size, shape, water regime.

The largest lake basins. They can be located in tectonic depressions (Ilmen), in foothill and intermountain troughs, in grabens (Baikal, Nyasa, Tanganyika). Most large lake basins have a complex tectonic origin, both discontinuous and folded movements are involved in their formation (Issyk-Kul, Balkhash, Victoria, etc.). All tectonic lakes differ in large size, and most - and significant depths, steep rocky slopes. Day of many deep lakes lie below the level of the World Ocean, and the mirror of the oxen is above the level. Certain regularities are observed in the location of tectonic lakes: they are concentrated along the faults of the earth's crust, either in rift zones (Syrian-African, Baikal), or frame shields: along the Canadian Shield there are the Great Bear Lake, the Great Slave Lake, the Great North American Lakes, along the Baltic Shield - Onega, Ladoga, etc.

Volcanic lakes occupy craters and calderas extinct volcanoes(Kronopkoye lake in Kamchatka, lakes of Java, New Zealand).

Along with lake basins created by the internal processes of the Earth, there are very numerous lake baths formed due to exogenous processes.

Among them, the most common glacial lakes on the plains and in the mountains, located both in hollows plowed by the glacier, and in depressions between hills with uneven deposition of moraine. The destructive activity of ancient glaciers owes its origin to the lakes of Karelia and Finland, which are elongated in the direction of glacier movement from northwest to southeast along tectonic cracks. In fact, Ladoga, Onega and other lakes have a mixed glacial-tectonic origin. The glacial basins in the mountains include numerous, but small car lakes located in bowl-shaped depressions on the slopes of mountains below the snow line (in the Alps, in the Caucasus, Altai), and trough lakes - in trough-shaped glacial valleys in the mountains.

The uneven accumulation of glacial deposits on the plains is associated with lakes among the hilly and moraine relief: in the northwest of the East European Plain, especially on the Valdai Upland, in the Baltic States, Poland, Germany, Canada and in the north of the USA. These lakes are usually shallow, wide, with lobed shores, with islands (Seliger, Valdai, etc.). In the mountains, such lakes arose on the site of former tongues of glaciers (Como, Garda, Würm in the Alps). In areas of ancient glaciation, there are numerous lakes in the hollows of the flow of melted glacial waters, they are elongated, trough-shaped, usually small and shallow (for example, Dolgoye, Krugloye - near Moscow).

Karst lakes are formed in places where rocks are leached by underground and partly surface waters. They are deep, but small, often rounded in shape (in the Crimea, the Caucasus, in the Dinaric and other mountainous regions).

Suffusion lakes are formed in basins of subsiding origin at the site of intensive removal of fine earth and mineral particles by groundwater (south of Western Siberia).

Thermokarst Lakes are created when permafrost is burned or ice melts. Thanks to them, the Kolyma Lowland is one of the most lake regions in Russia. Many relict thermokarst lake basins are located in the northwest of the East European Plain in the former periglacial zone.

eolian lakes arise in blowout basins (Lake Teke in Kazakhstan).

Zaprudnye lakes are formed in the mountains, often after earthquakes, as a result of landslides and landslides blocking river valleys (Lake Sarez in the Murgab valley in the Pamirs).

In the valleys of lowland rivers, the most numerous are floodplain oxbow lakes of a characteristic horseshoe shape, formed as a result of meandering of rivers and subsequent straightening of channels; when rivers dry up in bochagas - reaches, river lakes are formed; in river deltas there are small ilmen lakes, in place of channels, often overgrown with reeds and reeds (ilmens of the Volga delta, lakes of the Kuban floodplains).

On the low coasts of the seas, coastal lakes are characteristic in place of estuaries and lagoons, if the latter are separated from the sea by sandy alluvial barriers: spits, bars.

A special type are organogenic lakes among swamps and coral buildings.

These are the main genetic types of lake basins, determined by natural processes. Their location on the continents is presented in Table. 2. But in recent times there are more and more "man-made" lakes created by man - the so-called anthropogenic lakes: lakes - reservoirs on rivers, lakes - ponds in quarries, in salt mines, on the site of peat mining.

By genesis of water masses There are two types of lakes. Some have water of atmospheric origin: precipitation, river and groundwater. Such lakes insipid, although in dry climates they can eventually become salty.

Other lakes were part of the World Ocean - these are relic salty lakes (Caspian, Aral). But even in such lakes, the primary sea water can be greatly transformed and even completely displaced and replaced by atmospheric water (Ladoga and others).

Table 2. Distribution of the main genetic groups of lakes by continents and parts of the world

depending from water balance, t.s. According to the conditions of inflow and runoff, lakes are divided into waste and non-drainage. Lakes that discharge part of their waters in the form of river runoff - sewage; a special case of them are flowing lakes. Many rivers can flow into the lake, but only one flows out (the Angara from Lake Baikal, the Neva from Lake Ladoga, etc.). Lakes that do not have a runoff into the oceans - drainless(Caspian, Aral, Big Salt). The water level in such lakes is subject to fluctuations of different duration, which is primarily due to long-term and seasonal climate changes. At the same time, the morphometric characteristics of lakes and the properties of water masses change. This is especially noticeable on lakes in arid regions, which are predicted to have long cycles of humidification and aridity of the climate.

Lake waters, like other natural waters, are characterized by different chemical composition and varying degrees of mineralization.

According to the composition of salts in the water, the lakes are divided into three types: carbonate, sulfate, chloride.

By degree of mineralization lakes are divided into insipid(less than 1% o), brackish(1-24.7% s), salty(24.7-47% o) and mineral(more than 47% c). Baikal can serve as an example of a fresh lake, the salinity of which is 0.1% c \ brackish - the Caspian Sea - 12-13% o, the Big Salt - 137-300% o, the Dead Sea - 260-270% o, in some years - up to 310% s.

In the distribution of lakes with different degrees of mineralization on the earth's surface, geographic zoning is traced, due to the coefficient of moisture. In addition, those lakes into which rivers flow are distinguished by low salinity.

However, the degree of mineralization can be different within the same lake. So, for example, in drainless lake Balkhash, located in the arid zone, in the western part, where the river flows. Or, the water is fresh, and in the eastern part, which is connected to the western part only by a narrow (4 km) shallow strait, the water is brackish.

When the lakes are oversaturated from the brine, the salts begin to precipitate and crystallize. Such mineral lakes are called self-planting(for example, Elton, Baskunchak). mineral lakes, in which lamellar finely dispersed needles are deposited, are known as mud.

plays an important role in the life of lakes thermal regime.

Fresh lakes of the hot thermal zone are characterized by the most warm water at the surface, with depth it gradually decreases. This distribution of temperature over depth is called direct thermal stratification. Lakes of the cold thermal zone have the coldest (about 0 ° C) and light water at the top for almost the entire year; with depth, the water temperature rises (up to 4 ° C), the water becomes denser, heavier. This distribution of temperature over depth is called reverse thermal stratification. Lakes of the temperate thermal zone have a variable stratification according to the seasons of the year: direct in summer, reverse in winter. In spring and autumn there come moments when the vertical temperature is the same (4 °C) at different depths. The phenomenon of temperature constancy over depth is called homothermy(spring and autumn).

The annual thermal cycle in lakes of the temperate zone is divided into four periods: spring heating (from 0 to 4 °C) is carried out due to convective mixing; summer heating (from 4 °C to maximum temperature) - by molecular heat conduction; autumn cooling (from maximum temperature to 4 °C) - by convective mixing; winter cooling (from 4 to 0 ° C) - again by molecular heat conduction.

In the winter period of freezing lakes, the same three phases are distinguished as in rivers: freezing, freezing, opening. The process of formation and melting of ice is similar to rivers. The lakes are usually covered with ice for 2-3 weeks longer than the rivers of the region. The thermal regime of freezing salt lakes resembles that of the seas and oceans.

Dynamic phenomena in lakes include currents, waves and seiches. Stock currents occur when a river flows into a lake and outflow of water from the lake into the river. In flowing lakes, they can be traced throughout the entire water area of ​​the lake, in stagnant lakes - in areas adjacent to the mouth or source of the river.

The height of the waves on the lake is less, but the steepness is greater compared to the seas and oceans.

The movement of water in lakes, along with dense convection, contributes to the mixing of water, the penetration of oxygen into the lower layers, and the uniform distribution of nutrients, which is important for a wide variety of lake inhabitants.

By nutritional properties of the water mass and the conditions for the development of life, lakes are divided into three biological types: oligotrophic, eutrophic, and dystrophic.

Oligotrophic- low-nutrient lakes. These are large deep transparent lakes with greenish-blue water, rich in oxygen, so organic residues are intensively mineralized. Due to the small amount of biogenic elements, they are poor in plankton. Life is not rich, but there are fish, crustaceans. It's many mountain lakes, Baikal, Geneva, etc.

Eutrophic lakes have a high content of nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, are shallow (up to 1015 m), well heated, with brownish-green water. The oxygen content decreases with depth, which is why fish and other animals die in winter. The bottom is peaty or silty with an abundance of organic remains. In summer, there is a "bloom" of water due to the strong development of phytoplankton. The lakes are rich in flora and fauna. They are most common in forest-steppe and steppe zones.

Dystrophic lakes are poor in nutrients and oxygen, they are shallow. The water in them is acidic, slightly transparent, brown due to the abundance of humic acids. The bottom is peaty, there are few phytoplankton and higher aquatic vegetation, animals too. These lakes are common in heavily wetlands.

In the last decade, under the conditions of increased supply of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds from the fields, as well as the discharge of wastewater from some industrial enterprises lakes are eutrophicated. The first sign of this unfavorable phenomenon is a strong bloom of blue-green algae, then the amount of oxygen in the reservoir decreases, silts form, and hydrogen sulfide appears. All this will create unfavorable conditions for the life of fish, waterfowl, etc.

The evolution of lakes occurs in different ways in wet and dry climates: in the first case, they gradually turn into swamps, in the second - into salt marshes.

In a humid (humid) climate, the leading role in filling the lake and turning it into a swamp belongs to vegetation, partly to the remains of the animal population, which together form organic remains. Temporary streams and rivers bring mineral deposits. Small lakes with gently sloping shores are overgrown by pushing vegetative ecological zones from the periphery to the center. Eventually the lake becomes a grassy fens.

Deep lakes with steep banks overgrow in a different way: by growing from above alloys(quick) - a layer of living and dead plants. It is based on plants with long rhizomes (cinquefoil, watch, calla), and other herbaceous plants and even shrubs (alder, willow) settle on a grid of rhizomes. The raft first appears near the coast, protected from the wind, where there is no excitement, and gradually moves towards the lake, increasing in power. Part of the plants dies, falls to the bottom, forming peat. Gradually, only “windows” of water remain in the quagmire, and then they disappear, although the basin is not yet filled with sediments, and only with time does the raft merge with a layer of peat.

In dry climates, lakes eventually become salt marshes. This is facilitated by an insignificant amount of precipitation, intense evaporation, a decrease in the inflow of river waters, and the deposition of solid sediments brought by rivers and dust storms. As a result, the water mass of the lake decreases, the level decreases, the area decreases, the concentration of salts increases, and even fresh lake may turn first into a salt lake (Great Salt Lake in North America), and then to the salt marsh.

Lakes, especially large ones, have a softening effect on the climate of the surrounding areas: it is warmer in winter and cooler in summer. So, at coastal weather stations near Lake Baikal, the temperature in winter is 8-10 °C higher, and in summer by 6-8 °C lower than at stations outside the influence of the lake. The air humidity near the lake is higher due to increased evaporation.

There are more than two million freshwater and salt lakes in Russia. The largest lakes in the European part of the country include Ladoga (17.87 thousand km²) and Onega (9.72 thousand km²) in the northwest, Lake Peipsi (3.55 thousand km²) on the Estonian border, as well as the Rybinsk reservoir ( 4.58 thousand km²) on the Volga north of Moscow.

Narrow lakes from 160 to 320 km in length are located behind the dams on the Don, Volga and Kama. In Siberia, similar artificial lakes are located on the upper Yenisei and its tributary, the Angara, where the Bratsk reservoir, 570 km long, is one of the largest in the world. But they are all insignificant compared to Lake Baikal, the largest reservoir of fresh water on the planet. With a length of 636 km and an average width of 50 km, the surface area of ​​Lake Baikal is 31.72 thousand km², and the maximum depth is 1642 m.

There are countless smaller lakes, located mainly in the poorly drained lowlands of the Russian and West Siberian Plains, especially in the more northern regions. Some of them reach significant sizes, in particular, Lake Beloe (1.29 thousand km²), Topozero (0.98 thousand km²), Vygozero (0.56 thousand km²) and Lake Ilmen (0.98 thousand km²) on the territory of the European north-west of the country, and Lake Chany (1.4-2 thousand km²) in south-west Siberia.

List of the largest lakes in Russia

We present to your attention the 10 largest lakes of the Russian Federation with a description, photo and geographical location on the map of the country.

Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland water body (area: 371 thousand km²). It is called a sea, not a lake, because the ancient Romans who arrived in this region discovered that its water was salty and named it the sea after the tribes of the Caspian who lived near the shores of the lake. The Caspian Sea borders the following five countries: Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran. main river the lake is fed by the Volga, which provides about 80% of the inflow of the Caspian Sea, and the remaining 20% ​​falls on other smaller rivers.

The Caspian Sea is rich in oil and natural gas but mining of these are under development. Also, the extraction process is hampered by the problem of separation natural resources lakes between the five countries bordering it. About 160 species and subspecies of fish from 60 genera live in the Caspian Sea and the deltas of the rivers flowing into it. About 62% of the species are endemic.

Baikal

Baikal is the deepest (1642 m), the oldest (25-35 million years) and the most voluminous (23.6 thousand km³) of all lakes in the world, it is a superstar reservoir in the field of hydrology, geology, ecology and history. Today, Lake Baikal contains about 20 percent of the fresh water on the Earth's surface, which is comparable in volume to the entire Amazon River basin. Baikal has 27 islands, including one over 70 km long (Olkhon Island).

More than 1,500 species of animals live off the shores of the lake, 80% of which are found nowhere else on the planet. The most famous representative of the Baikal fauna is the seal, which lives exclusively in fresh water. According to some reports, the population of seals is about 100,000 individuals. Also near the lake there are such large predators as wolves, which occupy the top positions of the Siberian food chain, feeding on deer, birds, rodents and smaller predators.

Ladoga lake

Lake Ladoga is the largest freshwater lake in Europe, located in the north-west of Russia, 40 km east of St. Petersburg. The area of ​​the lake is 17.87 thousand km², the volume is 838 km³, and the maximum depth at a point to the west of Valaam Island it reaches 230 m.

The depression of the lake appeared under the influence of glaciers. northern shores mostly high and rocky, but also separated by deep, ice-covered bays. southern shores have many sandy or rocky beaches, mostly low, slightly concave, overgrown with willow and alder. In some places there are ancient coastal embankments covered with pine trees. The largest tributaries are the Volkhov, Svir and Vuoksa rivers.

48 different species of fish were found in the lake, of which the most common are roach, carp, bream, pike perch, perch and smelt. Of the 48 species, 25 are of commercial importance and 11 are in the important food fish category.

Lake Ladoga also serves as a key stopping point for migratory birds of the North Atlantic Flyway, which typically mark the arrival of spring.

Lake Onega

Lake Onega is the second largest lake in Europe, located in the north-west of the European part of Russia, between Lake Ladoga and the White Sea. It covers an area of ​​9.72 thousand km², 248 km long and up to 83 km wide. The greatest depth is about 127 m.

The basin of the lake was formed by the movement of the earth's crust and glaciers. The high rocky shores in the north and northwest are composed of layered granite and covered with forest. There are deep bays in Petrozavodsk, Kondopoga and Pevenets. The southern shores are narrow, sandy, often swampy or flooded. Lake Onega has about 1650 islands, covering a total of about 260 km², usually in the northern and northwestern bays.

The lake is home to over 40 species of fish, including vendace (a small member of the salmon family), smelt, burbot bream, pike, perch, roach and salmon. Many types of fish have significant economic value.

Taimyr

Taimyr is the second (after Baikal) largest lake in the Asian part of Russia, located in central regions the Taimyr Peninsula. It is located south of the Byrranga mountains, in the zone.

The lake and tundra zone is popular place for birds such as geese, swans, ducks, buzzards, peregrine falcons and snowy owls. Lives in Lake Taimyr a large number of fish, including grayling, muksun, char and whitefish. Although the area is relatively remote, depletion of stocks of certain commercial fish species is still observed.

Taimyr is famous for the largest population of reindeer in Eurasia. Also in this region there are such animals as argali, arctic fox, wolf and lemmings. In 1975, the area was re-introduced.

Since 1983, the lake and its environs have been included in the Taimyr nature reserve. Scientists have discovered plutonium in the sediments of the lake, which allegedly entered Taimyr through wind-blown radioactive particles after nuclear testing held on Novaya Zemlya during the Cold War.

Khanka

Lake Khanka has an area of ​​4 thousand km², of which approximately 97% is located in Russia. The maximum depth of the lake is 10.6 m, and the average volume is 18.3 km². The lake is fed by 23 rivers, 8 of which are in China, and the rest in the territory of the Russian Federation. The only outflow is the Sungacha River, which flows east to the Ussuri River, which forms the international border, and flows north where it joins the Amur River.

Khanka is famous for being home to the highest diversity of birds in the entire temperate zone of Eurasia. At least 327 species of nesting, wintering and migratory birds have been sighted in the lake area.

Chudsko-Pskovskoe Lake

Lake Peipus-Pskovskoye is the largest transboundary and fifth (after Ladoga, Onega, Swedish Venern and Finnish Saim) lake in Europe, located on the border between Estonia and Russia. It takes 3.6% of total area the Baltic Sea basin. A total of 30 islands are located on Lake Peipsi, and another 40 in the delta of the Velikaya River. Most of them rise only 1-2 m above the water level, and often suffer from floods.

About 54 species of coastal aquatic plants grow in the basin of Lake Peipus-Pskov, including reed, calamus, reeds and various herbs. 42 species of fish live in the waters of the lake, such as smelt, vendace, bream, perch, pike, roach and whitefish. Wetlands serve as important nesting and feeding grounds for migratory birds such as swans, geese and ducks that migrate from the White Sea to Baltic Sea. The region is home to one of the largest swallow colonies in Estonia.

Ubsu-Nur

Ubsu-Nur is the largest lake in Mongolia in terms of surface area (3.35 thousand km²), as well as the largest salt lake in the country. The Ubsu-Nur basin is one of the most important biodiversity poles of Eurasia. Although most of the lake is located in Mongolia, its northeastern shores are located in the Tyva Republic of the Russian Federation.

The lake is shallow, very salty, and is the remnant of a large sea that existed several thousand years ago. The basin covers an area of ​​about 70 thousand km² and is one of the best preserved natural steppe landscapes on the continent. It is here that the northernmost part of the desert and the most southern part tundra.

Reed and freshwater river deltas serve as resting and nesting sites for numerous migratory birds. Over 220 species of birds can be found around the lake, including the black stork, osprey, white-tailed eagle, whooper, and black-headed gull. About 29 different species of fish live in the waters of the lake, one of which is suitable for human consumption. mountainous area serves as a home for Mongolian gerbils, wild sheep and Siberian ibex.

vats

Although Lake Chany is not well known outside of Siberia, it is one of the largest lakes in the country. Chany is a shallow lake with salty and constantly fluctuating water, the level of which can vary from season to season and from year to year. The lands of the lake basin serve as pastures for cattle.

Tanks play an important role in the region's fisheries. The most common species are silver carp, carp, ide, perch. Recently, there has been a trend of depletion of fish stocks of the lake.

Lake Beloe

In terms of area, Beloye is the second (after Onega) natural lake in the Vologda region, and the third (after the Rybinsk reservoir). It is one of the ten largest natural lakes in Europe. The lake has a relatively round shape with a diameter of 46 km. Its area is 1.29 thousand km², and the basin area is about 14 thousand km².

The lake is famous for its fish stocks, the most famous delicacy is the Belozersky smelt. The forage base and high level of oxygen create favorable conditions for the life of many species. The following fish species are common in the waters of the lake: perch, pike, bream, ruff, sabrefish, roach, bleak, burbot, chub, rudd, whitefish, ide, tench, asp, dace and gudgeon).

Table of 10 largest lakes in Russia

The lakes of Russia are one of the national treasures of our Motherland. They can be large and small, freshwater and salty, deep and shallow. Let's figure out what the most large lakes Russia and why!

1

The Caspian Sea is

Not only in Russia, but throughout the world. It is located on the border of Asia and Europe and washes the shores of 5 countries (Kazakhstan, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan). The area of ​​the Caspian Sea is approximately 371,000 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of 1025 meters. The waters of this lake are salty. According to one theory, the Caspian Sea got its name due to the ancient tribes - the Caspians, who lived in the southwest of the coast.

2

This is the deepest (about 1640 meters) lake of our planet, located in Eastern Siberia. The area of ​​Baikal is more than 31,700 square kilometers and it is the largest reservoir of fresh water (90% of Russia's fresh water reserves). It is also worth noting that the waters of this lake are unusually clean and transparent, and in ancient times they were considered healing.

3

Lake Ladoga lies on the territory of the Leningrad region and Karelia. Its area is more than 17.6 thousand square kilometers, and the greatest depth is 230 meters, it is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe. 35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and the Neva originates. It is home to about 60 species of fish, half of which are of industrial importance.

4

This lake is located on the territory of Karelia, Vologda and Leningrad regions. The area of ​​Lake Onega is about 9,700 square kilometers, with the greatest depth being 127 meters. "Onego-father" - this is how the people call this lake, famous for its clean water and many historical monuments located on its banks.

Taimyr Lake is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory on the Taimyr Peninsula and is the northernmost lake in the world. Most of the year, this lake is covered with ice. Due to fluctuations in the water level, the area of ​​this lake can vary, and reach 4,560 square kilometers, and the maximum depth can reach 26 meters. The flora of Taimyr is represented by arctic fish species.

6

This lake is located in the Far East of Russia and borders on China. The greatest depth of Lake Khanka is about 11 meters, and the area is 4,070 square kilometers. Due to its location, it attracts a large number of tourists who can get acquainted with the culture and customs of the two countries at once. About 75 species of fish live in the waters of this lake, and even some of them are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

7

Chany is a salt lake located in the Novosibirsk region. The area of ​​the lake, according to various sources, varies from 1400 to 2000 square kilometers, and its greatest depth is 7 meters. There have been legends about this lake for a long time, one of which says that a huge snake lives in it, devouring people and cattle. scientific evidence and of course there is no information about this, maybe it's just a legend created to attract tourists.

8

This lake is located in the Vologda region. The area of ​​this lake can fluctuate, mainly due to low banks, and is about 1,284 square kilometers. Average depth White Lake- is about 5-7 meters, but due to underwater holes - it can reach up to 10-12 meters. This lake is home to about 29 species of fish, making it a "paradise" for fishermen.

9

Topozero is located in the north of Karelia, in the Loukhsky district. The lake has a winding coastline, and its area is 986 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of up to 56 meters. Topozero is a favorite place for kayakers, and especially fishermen.

10

This lake is located in the Novgorod region of Russia. The area of ​​Lake Ilmen is 982 square kilometers, but depending on the water level, it may vary. Its maximum depth can reach up to 10 meters. Many legends are associated with the name of this lake, among which there is a myth about the Scythian princes Rus and Slovene, who named this lake in honor of their sister, Ilmera.

This is not the whole list of lakes located on the vast territory of our Motherland.