Lake Ladoga relative to other objects. Ladoga lake

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There is such a charming region in Russia, the attractiveness of which is given by the magnificent mirror-like surface of countless lakes. Some information about this wonderful place can be found in this article. Here it will be told about the diversity of the landscape of this region, about where Ladoga lake. A description will also be given.

This territory occupies the northwestern part of great Russia. It is discreet and at the same time surprisingly attractive and diverse. Taiga landscapes give way to swamps rich in cloudberries, lingonberries and cranberries. The more elevated areas are decorated with spruce forests and small-leaved forests.

This is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe. The length is 219 km, and the largest width is 138 km. The eastern and northern parts of it belong to Karelia, and the southern and southeastern shores belong to the Leningrad region. The water capacity of this lake is 908 km³.

Previously, the Littorin Sea was connected to the lake by a wide strait, and the river. Mga flowed to the east and also flowed into it.

Where it is now, the land rose rapidly, and thus the lake, after time, turned into a reservoir of a closed type. The water level began to increase, its waters flooded the river valley. Mga and broke into the Tosna valley. 4000 years ago, a strait appeared between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga, which is now the valley of the river. Neva. The relief has practically not changed over the last approximately 2.5 thousand years.

The northern section of Lake Ladoga is located on the Baltic Crystalline Shield, and the southern section is on the East European Platform.

From the history of Lake Ladoga

The described lake is present on one of the very first geographical maps of the Moscow state, which was compiled in 1544 by Sebastian Munster (German cartographer). A more detailed map was presented in 1812 at the Admiralty Department.

Ladoga has always been a territory of great strategic importance for Russia. In the 9th century, an important water route from the Varangians to the Greeks passed here. There is also documentary evidence of the existence of Nevo (the name of Lake Ladoga in the old days) - an Old Russian chronicle dated 1228. And the first capital before Kievan Rus was at the confluence of the river Ladoga. Volkhov. Petrovsky time is also associated with this lake. Lake Ladoga also witnessed the battles of the Northern War.

Where Lake Ladoga is located, a huge number of significant historical events. Do not list everything. But it is important to note that Lake Ladoga is the "Road of Life" during the Second World War. Most of the coast of the lake during this difficult time for the country was under the German-Finnish occupation. The people of Leningrad were cut off from the whole world. Only the southwestern part of the lake was open to communication with Soviet troops(1941-1943). This route started from the port of Osinovets on Lake Ladoga and ended at the docks of Leningrad.

Over the entire period of the existence of this road, more than 1.5 million tons of cargo was transported and transported along it, which allowed the surviving residents of Leningrad to hold out until the blockade was lifted. Also, about 900 thousand people were evacuated along this road.

Much of the history is kept in this great lake. Today, at the place where the most important "Road of Life" ran, there are 102 memorial pillars and 7 monuments. All of them are included in the "Green Belt of Glory". This is a memory of the past very difficult times.

Lake Ladoga lies in the northwestern part of the Russian Plain. It lies between the parallels 59°51` and 61°46` N. sh. and meridians 29°48 and 32°58` E. e. Administratively, this is the territory of two regions of our Fatherland - the Leningrad Region and the Republic of Karelia. It is considered the largest reserve of lake (and at the same time fresh) moisture in Europe and the second largest water mirror in Russia. Tourism object.

How the lake was formed

Lake Ladoga was born during the last (Valdai) glaciation, which ended 12,000 years ago. The flow of water from a melting glacier and the simultaneous change in the level of the World Ocean led to the appearance coastline modern outlines (before this process, part of the Ladoga water was in the sea, and the other half was the territory of its raised bottom). On the this moment the area of \u200b\u200bthis water mirror (that is, the space that does not include pieces of land) is 17,870 square kilometers (this is the second position in the list Russian lakes after Baikal). The volume of the water mass of Nevo (as the hydrological object used to be called) is 838 cubic meters, the size of the sewage basin is 258,600 square kilometers. It became so thanks to 40 rivers and streams. "Pours out" lake water Neva. River and stream diet. A striking phenomenon is the depth of Lake Ladoga. But the fact is that in some northern fragments of the water area, the parameter is 230 meters.

Shores of Lake Ladoga

The depth of Lake Ladoga is not as remarkable as the greatest length. The distance between the Ladoga points, the furthest from each other, is 219 kilometers. On an ordinary (medium-speed) motor boat, this water surface must be crossed for 3.5 hours. The largest width is also impressive. It is identical to 125 kilometers, narrowing significantly in the north. But just there the most elongated bays. It is from the north that we will begin to explore the shores of Lake Ladoga, moving clockwise. Our journey starts from the Karelian village of Kiryavalahti, the geographical center of the Sortavala region of the republic. Its water edge is the northernmost point of the bizarre circle of the Ladoga reservoir, as well as the base of the Kiryavalahti Bay. The A-121 highway passes here literally 15 meters from the water's edge, which is very gentle and overgrown with black alder, pine and birch. Moving further along the marina, we find ourselves in the settlement of the same name, surrounded by dense taiga. There are no capes here, fishing platforms stand exactly between large stones. The depth increases suspiciously fast. The exit of the bay to the main body of water is marked by a panorama, first of two small islands, and to the southeast - by an archipelago already of 11 pieces of land, among which there are impressive ones (we will talk about them in another chapter). From the village of Khijdenselga, the observer already sees the giants of the island world, and then the main water area of Lake Ladoga appears before him. Here the depth gauge shows already 70 meters or more. In this place (the mouth of Janisjoki) the Balovina is widely flooded in spring. Our further movement takes place along the edge outlined by approximately 1-2-meter stone pits. We go south and understand that we find ourselves on a patch, most of all curved by capes. From here, making its way among the most dense thickets, numerous lake bays begin to feed dozens of streams, and the Impilahti harbor already looks very much like a classic fjord. Further wandering to the southeast will make you see many more of these stream branches, leading inland for 6-8 kilometers. The whole bay of Impilahti is packed with tents during the season, rubber boats are visible everywhere ... Continuing the water trip along the banks of the Pityakaranta urban settlement, the traveler finds himself in the very regional center.

The patches of coastal land are steep and rocky, the passengers of the ship will first be met by the island of Pusunsaari, partly occupied by the industrial zone. The adventure continues with the development of Uuksu, Salmi, Miinaloi and two of the largest islands - Mantsinsaarai and Lunkulnsaari. Opposite them, at a decent distance, the island of Valaam appears through binoculars. To the south, the shores of Lake Ladoga open up to us the same swampy and pine-covered Olonets region of the Karelian autonomy. On the border capes, the Vidlitsa River flows into Ladoga, and 25 kilometers from here we enjoy the riviera of the village of Ilyinsky (the mouth of the Olonka River). The shore goes into the water at an angle, but it is already sandy! The southeastern shores of Lake Ladoga are the long Svir Bay (lower reaches of the Svir) and the cape with the village of Storozhno. Here the “baths” end, the swampy low banks, densely covered with cattail, reeds and sedge, “take the initiative”. On the slopes, there is a dense herbage. We see the same thing up to the settlement Syasstroy, next to which is the confluence point of the Syasi. It feeds the Svir Canal, which repeats the coastal contours. Novaya Ladoga, a huge ledge of land and Petrokrepost Bay are the lowest landmarks on the map. Here, too, thick grass and swamps, and the water is much shallower. The area is remembered by the "finish" of the Neva, the town of Shlisselburg and the island-fortress. The beach for the common people begins already to the north of the Neva branch - muddy and earthy. Sometimes again pebbles.

And then the swimmers turn north again. In the south-west there are majestic rock walls, on the entire western coast there are many ruined Finnish farms and wide water meadows. To the north, rest on Ladoga will not allow you to let go of the camera. For example, beyond Priozersk there is a section of the water area that was dubbed the “country of islands”. On most of the skerries and islands there are no problems with firewood; in the west, the forest is closest to the water. Cape Kurkiemi is the first location where the Ladoga rocks appear in all their grandeur. From here the coast is very high. Murolahti Bay is a typical fjord. We see such landscapes up to the villages and islands of the Sortavala region, on the territory of which the coast is rocky, but already significantly lowered. It remains to add that, in addition to Priozersk, the western half of the lake shore includes Landepokhya and large "Sortavala" islands. The places are adored by tourists, as here picnic lovers find gently sloping shores, convenient for both bivouac and fishing. The landscapes here are the most idyllic. And quiet! As a result, we can say that the entire eastern half of the water area and the southern tip - the low-lying swampy coast - consists of clay and loam sediments, and in some places even sand. The western half (20 kilometers from the mouth of the Neva), on the contrary, is high stone ravines. You will learn why this happened in the text of the next section.

The relief of the bottom of Lake Ladoga

We repeat that the depth of Lake Ladoga is uneven, fluctuating from 20 meters (in the region of the eastern fjords) to 230 meters (the northern half of the water area, a little closer to the west). The reason for this is the origin of the surface itself, later covered by lake waters. Part of it was originally marine, and part - the Baltic crystalline shield. That is, an uplift formed by rocks that have crawled out of a crack in the East European Platform. This is where the deepest hole is. Further, the shelf of the already indicated platform is gradually gaining height. From the northern shores, its slope is several times steeper than from the southern. Indeed, between the two geological formations in prehistoric times there was water. We are talking about the deepest part of the lake basin. The northwestern corner and the entire west are composed of the oldest rock massifs of the Baltic Shield. The rest of the water areas have changed their shape thousands of times due to the increase in the volume of Quaternary deposits and ongoing tectonic activity. 4 thousand years ago, the river bed of the Neva appeared. The current contours of the lake were born 2.5 thousand years ago. The most gentle and soft bottom of Lake Ladoga is located in the transgressive south and southeast. Here the water warms up faster. The Ladoga Islands are only the tops of underwater concepts with a complex relief. That is why in the center of the western riviera there are so many skerries and archipelagos with tiny pieces of land. And just between them there are dangerous whirlpools.

Islands of Lake Ladoga

Where the bottom of Lake Ladoga is deepest, we see Valaam, Putsaari, and an archipelago of 6 minor islands, which has not even been given a name (it limits the deepest zone from the south). It's a little cooler here, a lot of stones. From the east, a chain of smaller patches of land adjoins the well-known island tract. On the remaining fragments of its northern half, Lake Ladoga has the above-mentioned "country of islands" (Western archipelago, Ladoga skerries). This is the most difficult sailing area of “our” water area, replete with skerries of a strongly protruding peninsula, fjords and inter-island straits with whirlpools. Those are formed due to conflicting currents and temperature contrasts. To the west of this group is the deepest depression, as well as to the southwest (beyond which stand the Bezlesy and Gorby archipelago). For this reason, the water in these harbors is almost always icy. The coast is replete with albeit not the highest, but still significant stone ravines. The largest landmasses are Sorolonsaari, Heposorolonsaari, Kuhka, Rahmansaari, Heinäsenmaa, Verkkosaari, Kärpänsaari, Kontiosari (Bear Bear), Karpisari, Kilpola and Montasaari. The princesses of the island, as well as the Tervu and Ihoyanverkul peninsulas, which have barely noticeable isthmuses connecting them to the mainland. To the north of Valaam (in the zone of slightly smaller, but still significant depths), we will find the largest isolated objects of the lake - about. Riekkapansaari and Fr. Tulolansaari. Orjatsaari and Sammatsaari adjoin them in the southwest. They end with a group called Mayasaaret. Between all these objects there is also a "trifle". On the eastern side, the northern Ladoga Lake has the giants of the 2nd position - Mantsinsaari and Lunkulonsaari. But to the north-west of them there are still many small islands at the exit of the most elongated fjords. The islands of the east are quite closely adjacent to the coast, have convenient shores and are well developed. One even has an industrial zone.

In its southern half, Lake Ladoga is no longer so saturated with archipelagos. In the Leningrad region, we visit the swampy island of Ptinov, then (in the Petrokrepost Bay) the Zelentsy Islands, then the Karedzhskaya Spit and the island of the same name behind it, as well as Fort Oreshek (this is at the mouth of the Neva). Finally, in the center of the western side, the passengers of the ship can only see Konevets. But it is still a little closer to the northern half.

On the entire Ladoga mirror there are 77 islands, some of which are groups of islands.

Flora and fauna

The biocenosis of the northern and eastern shores of the described water body belongs to the middle taiga zone, and the southern and western riviera belongs to its southern variety. That is, the vegetation in the first case is blueberry spruce forests (on thick mosses), and in the second case, pines, black alder, birch and fir. And all this stands on a very rich undergrowth. 120 higher plants live on the water itself, among which a variety of reeds (mostly cattail) dominate. Accordingly, in the Karelian part of the water area, visitors will see a seal and an otter. In Leningradskaya Ladoga - the same animals, but it is also a zone of large bird migration (256 species of birds rest here along the way). Among them, ospreys, cranes, white-tailed eagles and the ubiquitous curlew and red-footed falcon wormed their way into the swamps and lands. A beaver approaches the lake shores (at the mouths of the rivers). In the coastal forests, permanent inhabitants are the eagle owl, short-eared owl and gray owl.

In addition to planktonic animals and coastal near-water inhabitants (crayfish), there are many ichthyofauna in the local water. The fish of Lake Ladoga are trout, salmon, whitefish, char, vendace, bream, smelt, silver bream, cheese, blue bream, asp, catfish, burbot. Of course, there are plenty of more prosaic waterfowl here - pike, perch, roach and pike perch.

Sights of Lake Ladoga

Leisure in the indicated recreation usually comes down to picnics with overnight stays, as well as to any kind of fishing. But there are 7 sites where all this is combined with cultural, historical and extreme areas in tourism. We will tell about each of them.

Western Archipelago (Ladoga Skerries)

Such a vacation on Lake Ladoga is part of a yacht or boat mini-cruise (who has enough money for what). Usually tours "Secrets of the Ladoga Skerries" start either from the pier of Priozersk, or from the pier of Sortavala. By water, they enter here through Cape Taruniemi (through the yacht marina of the park-hotel "Dacha Vintera"). There are boats for rent. But ordinary people choose the overland route. By land, people get to the skerries from Shlisselburg and the Northern capital. On the highway St. Petersburg - Helsinki (A-121). You should turn towards the lake in the area of the exit to Kurkieki. From Kurkieki itself, there is an “asphalt road” to the Terva peninsula, the center of the skerries. It has a western part, as if cut off by a strait. From the plane, you will never guess that it is also part of the peninsula. It is so indented by fjords and adjacent to so many islands that different fragments of the Myukrimyuksensaari tract are also perceived as islands. The isthmus is barely noticeable, but it is - in the area of the northern fjord. On the way to Terva, there is an exit to a very inconspicuous road leading to the Vyatikka farm. From here, safe fairways also go to the fjord system. The watermen say it's very beautiful here. Part of the indicated space-maze (namely, 600 of its islands and part mainland) has the status national park. Therefore, follow the signs, trying to drive the car too close to the water. The fact is that there are water protection zones. It is better to drag a rubber boat 200 meters than to pay a fine. There are a lot of places for camping here - the territory is almost not inhabited, and there are no sandbanks here (noisy "mattress covers" that produce tons of garbage do not come here). At the same time, the water is crystal clear, and the pine trees along the banks are somehow too fabulously curved. It remains to tell about Terva itself - the "capital" of the peninsula, the bay of the same name, and the entire Ladoga Skerries Reserve. These are 12 wooden houses, as well as a new pier and recreation center Tervu Village. And there is everything for fishing, water and diving leisure.

Sortavala city

In the far north, Lake Ladoga washes the lands of the Sortavala region of Karelia. The regional center itself is separated from the main bay of the water area by the largest island of the lake - Riekkalansaari. Toponym translates " Greek island". This means just a reference to the local Orthodox church - the oldest pagan Karelian on earth. The island has its own bay, inside which there are also islands, several small reservoirs and 8 Sortavala rural-type microdistricts. They look very colorful in photographs. A bridge leads here from the mainland (from the central city blocks). The strait between the island and the town is recognized as a lake. It is called Lappäjärvi. But in the center of Sortavala, tourists are waiting for the St. Nicholas Church, the Town Hall in pseudo-Gothic style and the spacious lakes Airanne and Tukhkolampi. There are equipped parks around the first two attractions. The embankment of internal lakes is partly a recreation area. Vakkosalmi Park contains activities for all ages. There is an ethnographic and local history museum of the Northern Ladoga region, which tells about the history of this region. From the nearest recreational corners - the estate "House of Composers" in Kirjavalahti (the settlement has already been mentioned above). Guest house, by the road.

Reserve "Valaam"

The water area of Lake Ladoga is the place where five of the most famous water routes run, the most popular of which is associated with visiting the complex indicated in the title. They come here on various ships from Sortavala, Shlisselburg and Priozersk (in which even one pier is called Valaam). The main point for sorties is the monastery of the same name. It is followed by Mount Eleon (the best local “view” to the center of the island), the Skete in the Name of All Saints (an authentic cult ensemble), the equally bright Resurrection Skete, as well as the exquisite and curious Resurrection Chapel.

Resort Priozersk

Fishing on Lake Ladoga is far from being the main type of recreation if you find yourself in the west of the "northern" water area. Although uncomfortable, but equipped for swimming, the seaside, yacht pontoons that lure you into adventure, tour operator kiosks, cafes and entertainment, trips to the Korela fortress, as well as an excursion to the Protestant church, once built by the Swedes. Here is the main brand of the agglomeration popular with tourists. It is also worth emphasizing the excitement regarding souvenir shops and the quaint Priozersky courtyard of the Valaam Monastery. And it includes temples of 3 religions, as well as the Church of All Saints, which has features that unite all three of these buildings. And it’s not far from Priozersk to go to picturesque lakes (because of this, the town has such a name). On the way - the Vuoksa embankment and a couple of restored noble estates.

Fortress Oreshek

The most famous historical holiday on Ladoga is a visit to the island citadel Oreshek (the Swedish name is Nöteborg). The fortification, built by the Novgorodians in the 14th century, was taken away from them first by the Muscovite state, and then by the Kingdom of Sweden. Recaptured from the last owners in 1702. Troops of Peter the Great. In plan, the fortification has the shape of an irregular triangle. There are 5 towers along the perimeter. Inner citadel in the northeast corner. Once along the powerful walls (outside) there were 7 more towers. Since 1723 it was used as a prison (the new name is Shlisselburg fortress). There is a portal pier. Entrance to the territory of the historical museum-reserve is paid. The name of the fortress from the island is Orekhovy.

Vidlitsko-Ilyinsky (Eastern) beaches

In addition to the delicious oily fish of Lake Ladoga, its guests are interested in places where there is sand and clean. Agree that in many cities and villages of the local federal district(and even more so neighboring - Central) cannot find such joy. Therefore, being in the girls of Vidlitsa, Tuloksy and Olonka (as well as between them), the "mattress" will be very happy. They will rush to strip off everything but their bathing suit. And many will get rid of it. There are places here ... The sand is fine and clean, although not white. You can get here on your own by taking a suburban bus to Olonets. And from the local regional center to the long bathing riviera, the Ilyinsky-Vidlitsa highway leads.

Svir Bay

Fishing on Ladoga and many other holiday pleasures - " business card» huge bay. His name is in the title. And it denotes the mouth of the river of the same name. The coast is the subject of a thousand published photographs. There is very little sand, but the water is the warmest in summer (the place is shallow). Too smooth entry into the water allows you to arrange water procedures with small children. Normal water, beautiful stones, bizarrely curved trees and an inner estuary in the mouth of the river - this is the landscape that a hiker who decides to stay here will find. And not far from the water is the famous megalith Pichin stone (its location is the extreme ledge of Storozhensky Cape). On a large boulder there are man-made furrows and depressions of various shapes. The object is recognized as a fragment of a megalithic mosaic that has always adorned pagan sanctuaries or ancient observatories. Hunters choose the described place for shooting swamp game. Here it is most of all because of suitable conditions.

Rest on Lake Ladoga

"Wild" rest on Ladoga is also possible in places not yet indicated by us. On a strip of beaches north of Shlisselburg. It is on the northern side of the Neva mouth (the village of Pavel Morozov), as well as between the village of Vaganova and the mouth of the river Morya (the land of the village of the Ladoga Lake station). You can really get to the second "bath" by train - the canvas is laid along the Road of Life highway. The width of the sandy surface on both beaches ranges from 25 to 50 meters. True, in the sand you can find fragments of pine branches and cones. There are no sun loungers, changing rooms or toilets. On the other hand, there is a bright red lighthouse, many “paddling pools” and a beautiful memorial in the north. He tells the guests of Ladoga about the attempts to save Leningraders from death. Approach paths are often more frequent. In one there is a pedunculate oak, rare for these places.

The conversation concerning the many campsites was "smeared" by us in all chapters. It remains to add to their list a bivouac at the sights Head of the Sea Devil. This is a beach fragment of the east coast (the mouth of Tuloxa). More officially, the location is called the Ladoga Dunes. This is the only place on Ladoga that resembles the shallows of Anapa. And the name relating to the sea monster was fixed because of the "hikers". It was they who christened the huge miracle stone in the place for bivouacs. There is, of course, a legend associated with this fact. But no one remembers her anymore.

Now let's note the water areas for alloys. They can be the lower reaches of all rivers and rivulets that end their journey in the reservoir described here. The kayak passes through all channels.

Organized recreation on Lake Ladoga is associated with commercial tours starting from St. Petersburg and Veliky Novgorod, as well as from Petrozavodsk. Trips have the ultimate goal of the 7 tracts described above or settling in camp sites, which we will discuss below. Many BOs have everything for fishing or yacht trips.

Comfortable and not very recreation centers are scattered around the entire circumference of the coast. If you start from Shlisselburg and move clockwise, then their order will be as follows:

"World of Lighthouses";
"Golden shore";
"Dubrava park";
"Captain Morgan";
"Silver";
"Berezovo";
"Oceanpribor";
"Drive Park Ladoga";
"Petrel";
"Kapelka";
"Lippola";
"U Dachny Rest";
"Boyarinov Dvor"
"Voronov outpost";
"Khutor Suromyaki";
"Annushkin berth";
"Vyatikka";
"Village Tervu";
"Kiselevka";
"Annilahti";
"Lumivaara";
"Rantala";
"Khutor Salokulya";
"Ladoga Skerries";
"Sorola Village";
"Iceberg";
"Ladoga Marina";
"Rauhala Vacation Homes";
"Wonderful";
"In Akulovka";
"Camping Ripus farm";
"Khutor Rukola";
"Mikli Olgino";
"Ladoga Estate";
"Winter's Cottage";
"Quiet";
SPA;
"Father Vasily";
"Kirjavalahti";
"House of Composers";
"Seasons";
"Grey stones";
"First line";
"Karelia Park";
"Long coast";
"Uksun-lahti";
"Bryaus";
"13th cordon";
"Mantiansaari";
"Svirskaya";
"Foreland";
"Manor Dubno".

Fishing on Lake Ladoga

Fishing on Ladoga is possible everywhere. You can’t just set up nets and catch more than two fishing rods during the spawning season. Know the fish of the Red Book. There's a lot of her here. The coolest places fishing fans recognize are quiet narrow bays, decorated with reeds and snags at the water's edge. Most of these are in the east. And there are no protected areas. But the service for lovers of "wet" (including underwater) hunting is arranged, on the contrary, already in the west. There is more BO. There are "baited" points in the southeast - near Syasstroy and in the Zagubskaya Bay. Fishing is widespread within the boundaries of all settlements, even in Shlisselburg. Pecks.

Rest on Lake Ladoga will allow you to make many discoveries regarding this reservoir. Did you know that it was here that the first city of Ilmen Slovenes (future residents of the republican state formation Novgorod Land) appeared? It was called Ladoga, and later Lake Nevo was named after him Ladoga. Now it is a state-protected settlement in the village Staraya Ladoga. Come.
The first Valaam Monastery arose not at all on the island of the same name, but on Konevets.
Did you guess that it was Fort Korela (Priozersk) that was the most northwestern outpost of Novgorod Land. And behind it were already the lands of the Karelians, whom the Swedish knightly orders tried to convert first to Catholicism, and after 200 years to Scandinavian Protestantism. And yet they became Orthodox. As a result, in modern Priozersk, guests will find churches, church churches, and Orthodox churches.
The oldest lighthouse on the lake is Svirsky, not Shlisselburgsky. Built in 1908.
40 rivers and streams flow into Ladoga, and for some reason only one Neva flows out. And it's a matter of evasion.
Together with the smallest pieces of land, the number of Ladoga islands is 666!
During the WWII Ladoga ice passed the Road of Life. Leningraders were supplied with food along it and 1,000,000 people were taken out.

Lake Ladoga is an ideal location for several types of outdoor activities, a wonderful fishing ground, an indispensable recreational space for a family weekend tour and the center of the country's historical and cultural values. 6 highways and a dozen primers lead to its shores. And nothing stops you from being here.

Ladoga lake is the largest freshwater lake on the European continent. For Russia, this lake has a large industrial, ecological and historical meaning. Another version of the name - Ladoga.

If you look at the map, you can see that the shores of Lake Ladoga belong to two Russian regions: the Republic of Karelia and the Leningrad Region. That is, located in the European part of the country.
On the north side Ladoga the shores are high, rocky, their relief is quite indented, which explains the presence here a large number peninsulas, bays, small islands. From the south of Ladoga, the lake is surrounded by low, gently sloping, more even shores. The largest bays are also located here: Volkhovskaya, Svirskaya, Shlisselburgskaya bays. East coast also does not differ in great indentation, here there are sandy beaches. In the west, the coastline is almost flat. Mixed forests, bushes grow here, near the water on land there are many large stones, which also cover the bottom under water for a rather long distance.
Bring their waters into Ladoga lake 35 rivers, and only one flows out. The largest river that brings water is the Svir. What river flows out of Lake Ladoga? This is the famous Neva, on which stands the second most important city of the Russian Federation - St. Petersburg. Some rivers bring water into Ladoga from other lakes, such as Onega or Ilmen.
There are a large number of islands on the lake - at least five hundred. The largest islands Ladoga together they form the Valaam archipelago. The largest single island is Riekkalansari. Also a large island is Konevets, where a famous monastery was built, just like on Valaam.

Dimensions, lengths and depth of Ladoga

The depth of Lake Ladoga is uneven throughout its territory - it increases from south to north. The maximum depth of Lake Ladoga is 233 m. The average figure is much lower - 50 m. In the north of Lake Ladoga, its depth varies from 70 to 230 m, and in the south - from 20 to 70.
The area of Ladoga is 17.87 thousand square meters. km. The volume of water in Lake Ladoga is 838 cubic meters. km. The length from north to south of the lake is 219 km, at its widest point Ladoga stretches for 125 km.

Climatic features of the area

Lake Ladoga has a generally temperate climate. In the geographical area where Lake Ladoga is located, not so much sunlight penetrates during the year. Therefore, the evaporation of water from Ladoga is rather slow. The largest part Days of the year are cloudy and overcast.
Between the end of May and the middle of July, Lake Ladoga you can observe the famous phenomenon of "white nights", when at night the sun practically does not set below the horizon.
Throughout the year, western and southwestern winds blow on Ladoga. In winter, Lake Ladoga freezes until the end of spring, but is completely covered with ice only in the coldest winters. Such a long glaciation affects the water temperature throughout the rest of the year. average temperature water is low here: at a depth it stays at 4 ° C, and on the surface Lake Ladoga depending on the time of year and site, it can be in the range from 2 ° C to 24 ° C. The water is not as clear as on Baikal, but this may be due to the fact that many species of algae, small plankton live in it, and constant storms disturb its surface, whipping foam.

History of Lake Ladoga

Lake Ladoga was formed as a result of the melting of glaciers and over the course of several thousand years its outlines were formed and changed.
Until the 13th century, the lake was called Nevo, which, apparently, was directly related to the name of the Neva River. Then it was named Lake Ladoga, taking over the name from the city of Ladoga located here. Many objects in this area have names originating from the Karelian language. But the most likely explanation for the name "Ladoga" is Finnish versions - from the ancient words for water or the concept of "lower", which are consonant with Ladoga. The name Nevo also has Finnish roots and can mean "swamp". It is possible that in those days the lake gave a reason to call itself that way, in this area there are many traces of swamps.
On Lake Ladoga, starting from the 9th century, from Scandinavia, across Europe to the country of Byzantium, the water part of the route “From the Varangians to the Greeks” passed. In the 8th century, the city of Ladoga was built here, and soon other cities and fortresses began to appear here. At the end of the 14th century, the famous Valaam Monastery was founded on islands of the same name, until now, his buildings are the pearl of wooden architecture.
For many years there was a war with the Swedish state for part of the land lying on the lake. Nevertheless, Peter I managed to achieve that Ladoga became Russian. In 1721, according to an agreement with the Swedes concluded after the war, the coast of Lake Ladoga was completely ceded to Russia.
To make navigation on Ladoga more accessible, a canal was built here.
During the difficult war years from 1939 to 1944. the Ladoga flotilla was based in Lake Ladoga, fighting in its waters. In 1941–1944 more than half of the coast of Lake Ladoga was occupied by enemy troops. From September 1941 to March 1943, the “Road of Life” passed along the ice of Ladoga - the only way along which it was possible to deliver provisions and necessary things to besieged Leningrad. The evacuation of people was also organized through it, in total, about 1.3 million people took advantage of the evacuation.
Thus, Ladoga is a lake that has a special significance for Russian history.

Ecology of Lake Ladoga

Basically, the waters of Ladoga are very clean, but there are problem areas. This is largely due to the development of industrial zones near Lake Ladoga as well as the aftermath of World War II. During the war, radioactive weapons were tested in this area and on some islands. Including studied the reaction of animals to the consequences of its use. In addition, a lot of sunken military ships, aircraft with ammunition create an unfavorable radiation background.
The number of contaminated sites is on the rise. Approximately 600 industrial enterprises operate on the banks of Ladoga, which pollute the air, dump production waste into the Ladoga River and others, which then bring them into the lake. By the way, the correct answer to the question - Ladoga - is it a river or a lake, that it is both. There is a river, and also a city with that name. At the same time, historians claim that at first the river got its name, then the city, and only after that Lake Nevo was renamed.
Pollution of Lake Ladoga today is considered to be at a moderate level. In some places, there is an excess of radiation standards - where supplies were previously tested, as well as those closest to nuclear and other industrial enterprises.

Nature and fauna of Lake Ladoga

The nature of Lake Ladoga is very beautiful, this place is very famous among tourists, travelers as a place for recreation and hiking. majestic rocks, the mountains, pine forests- all this creates a unique image of this place. rare plants and animals are found in various reserves of Ladoga. Despite the difficult climate, even some southern views plants, and in the north - typical representatives of the tundra (saxifrage). Forests on Lake Ladoga are not only coniferous, but also broad-leaved - with maples, elms.
Fauna Lake Ladoga includes representatives of the taiga: foxes, wolves, hares, bears, etc. There is also an original animal, which is found only here - the Ladoga seal. The animal, which is more characteristic of the seas, feels great in the fresh water of Ladoga.
Approximately 50 species of fish live in Lake Ladoga. The most popular among fishermen and industrialists can be called smelt, pike perch.

Rest on Lake Ladoga

Around Lake Ladoga you can find places for recreation for every taste and for any purpose: recreational, hiking, entertaining. Fishing enthusiasts can often be found here. Everything you need for such activities is located at the recreation centers, including almost every one of them has instructors who will teach you the intricacies of this or that type of pastime.
People like to go diving here because of the large number of finds that can be found at the bottom and simply beautiful underwater views. You can also choose to relax on the beach when the weather permits.
Excursions are also organized to the natural and historical sights of Ladoga, for example, structures left after the war, old fortresses or mountain peaks.

Attractions on Lake Ladoga

It is worth talking about the sights of Lake Ladoga separately. Here is, for example, an interesting Nizhnesvirsky Reserve with beautiful views of almost untouched nature. It is home to a huge number of bird species and many animals.
Valaam Island on Ladoga with the monastery of the same name is of historical, cultural and architectural value. Not to mention the fact that pilgrims come here from all over Russia and beyond.
The memorial complex dedicated to the Road of Life tells the story of the heroic feat of people who made trips on the ice of Lake Ladoga in the most dangerous conditions, risking falling through the ice or being fired upon by the enemy. Nevertheless, they went for it in order to save the lives of the inhabitants of the city, who survived the terrible blockade.
Also of historical and cultural interest on Lake Ladoga are the cities of Shlisselburg founded by Peter I, with the fortress Oreshek, Novaya Ladoga.

Lake Ladoga in works of art

Ladoga is a lake, which is reflected in folk legends and examples of folk art of various peoples who lived here. Basically, these are Karelian and Russian epics.
The famous Karelian folk composition "Kalevala", which was once passed from mouth to mouth, describes the events that took place in the north of Lake Ladoga.
Constantine Roerich in his youth made an expedition along the rivers flowing into Lake Ladoga and to the lake itself. Since 1916, he lived in this area for two years, created several paintings, sketches, poems and fairy tales here.
Thanks to its amazing nature Lake Ladoga inspired, first of all, painters who admired the local colors and landscapes. Many painted the Valaam Monastery, as its buildings looked especially impressive and mysterious against the backdrop of majestic nature. The lake with the sonorous name Ladoga also evoked fairy tales. Here worked such masters of painting as F. A. Vasiliev, A. I. Kuindzhi, N. K. Roerich, I. I. Shishkin.

industry on the lake

The lake is used for the passage of ships, whose routes along it are segments of the Volga-Baltic route and the White Sea-Baltic Canal. The weather on the lake is very changeable and ships are often threatened by storms, high waves, so navigation is periodically suspended. Once upon a time, there was even a common expression that if a sailor did not sail on Ladoga, then he was not yet a real sailor. Such a phenomenon as complete calm is quite rare on this lake.
Various industrial cargoes and building materials are transported along Lake Ladoga. Also go here passenger ships and cruise ships, for the most part these are tourist routes.
On an industrial scale, about 10 species of fish are caught here, such as smelt, pike perch, and whitefish. Near the lake are industrial enterprises: paper and pulp mill, aluminum, oil and chemical industries, etc.

Secrets and secrets that the bottom of Lake Ladoga keeps

At the bottom of the lake there are many interesting researchers and lovers of various mysteries and secrets of things. Of course, the greatest success is considered to find something very ancient, dating back to the Vikings. But most often find artifacts that have remained since the Second World War. They are better preserved and easier to find. For example, the sights of that time that attracted extreme tourists and divers include the so-called "Death Bay", the bottom of which is practically covered with shell casings, since a fierce battle took place here in 1941.
Amateur divers find sunken ships, wartime planes. Unlike sea water, fresh water does not destroy and spoil sunken things so much, which is why the finds of Lake Ladoga are so attractive.

LADOGA LAKE

Lake Ladoga, the old Russian name is Nevo, (Ladoga - Karelian Luadogu, Finnish Laatokka) is a lake in Karelia (N and E shore) and the Leningrad Region (W, S and SE shore), the largest freshwater lake in Europe. Related to the pool Baltic Sea. The area of the lake without islands is from 17.6 thousand km² (with islands 18.1 thousand km²); the volume of water mass - 908 km³; length from south to north - 219 km, maximum width - 138 km. The depth is uneven in the northern part, it ranges from 70 to 230 m, in the southern part - from 20 to 70 m. The cities of Priozersk, Novaya Ladoga, Shlisselburg in the Leningrad Region, Sortavala, Pitkyaranta, Lahdenpokhya in Karelia are located on the shores of Lake Ladoga. More than 30 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and only one - the Neva - originates. In the southern part of the lake there are three large bays: Svirskaya, Volkhovskaya and Shlisselburgskaya bays.

The name Ladoga is given to a river, a lake and a city. At the same time, until recently it was not quite clear which of the names is primary. The name of the city was derived from the name of Lake Ladoga (from Finnish *aaldokas, aallokas "wavering" - from aalto "wave"), or from the name of the Ladoga River (now Ladoga, from Fin. *Alode-joki, where alode, aloe - "low terrain" and jok(k)i - "river").

In PVL 12th century. referred to as "the great lake Nebo". Perhaps from the name of the Neva River. Fasmer's etymological Russian-language dictionary:NEVA - a river connecting Lake Ladoga and Fin. bay, for the first time other Russian. Neva, Zhit. Alexandra Nevsk. (XIII century), p. 2; earlier also Nevo - "Lake Ladoga" (Pov. vrem. years and also in the Book. to the big devil.). From Finnish. Nevajoki, Nevajarvi from neva "swamp", whence also the Swiss, Wed-Nzh.-Ger. Nu "Neva", perceived by the people. etymology as "New (river)".Etymological dictionary of Krylov:NEVA - The name of the river on which Tsar Peter built the new capital of Russia goes back to the Finnish name Nevajoki - "swampy river", derived from the word neva - "swamp".

In the sagas, and later in agreements with the Hanseatic cities, the lake is called Aldoga (cf. Finnish aalto - wave). From the beginning of the 13th century, the name Ladoga Lake came into use, formed from the name of the city of Ladoga, which in turn was named after the tributary of the Volkhov River of the same name in its lower reaches (Finnish alodejoki - a river in a low area). Other variants of the origin of the name of the lake: from the Karelian word aalto (Karelian aalto - wave; hence Karelian aaltokas - wavy). Some researchers consider the primary hydronym Ladoga, from other Fin. *Alode-jogi (joki) "lower river".

There is also a hypothesis about the origin of the word "Ladoga" - from the dialect Russian word -alod- signifier open lake, vast water field (Mamontova N. Toponymy of the Ladoga Region). Fasmer's etymological Russian-language dictionary: ALOD - f. "glade, vast and flat terrain", arkhang., mez., (Dal), also "open lake, vast water field", zaon. (Sandpiper). According to Mikkola (JSFOu 23, 11), from Fin. *alode, modern. fin. aloo, alue "that which is below". It is doubtful borrowing from Fin. aavo, aavu "steppe, open lake";Explanatory Dictionary of V. Dahl: ALOD - f. arch-mez. clearing, vast and flat terrain. Alodnoe place is flat and open.

rice. 1 Islands of Lake Ladoga.

rice. 2 Lake Ladoga near Sortavala.

rice. 3 Ladozhskoe lake

The basin of Lake Ladoga is of glacial-tectonic origin. In the Paleozoic 300 - 400 million years ago, the entire territory of the modern basin of Lake Ladoga was covered by the sea. Sedimentary deposits of that time are sandstones, sands, clays, limestones - they cover with a thick layer (over 200 m) a crystalline foundation consisting of granites, gneisses and diabases.

The modern relief was formed as a result of the activity of the ice sheet (the last, Valdai glaciation ended about 12 thousand years ago). The main factor was: the change in the level of the world ocean, the water of the glacier and its weight - the rise of the land began (and continues). After the retreat of the glacier about 12,600 years ago, a fresh Baltic glacial lake was formed with a level of 25 meters above the ocean. About 10-9.6 thousand years ago, the waters of the lake broke through in the region of central Sweden and the Yoldian Sea was formed, the level of which was 7-9 m higher than the modern level of the Baltic Sea.

Approximately 9500 years ago, the rise of the land blocked the strait in Central Sweden and formed Lake Ancylus. In the north of the Karelian Isthmus, it was connected by a wide strait to Lake Ladoga. The Mga River at that time flowed to the east and flowed into the lake in the area of the modern source of the Neva.

Approximately 8500 years ago, tectonic processes open the Danish straits and the Litorin Sea is formed. Although the water level was much higher than the current one, it was lower than in Antsil Lake. This led to the formation of the Karelian Isthmus, and the formation of Lake Ladoga.

How long the lake was completely isolated is unknown - the water level in the lake rises faster than the land rises, and when the level of Ladoga exceeded the watershed level, the lake waters, flooding the Mga river valley, broke into the Tosna river valley.

Thus, about 4 thousand years ago, a new strait arose between Lake Ladoga and the Gulf of Finland, which became the valley of the Neva River. The old strait in the north of the Karelian Isthmus by this time was already above the level of the lake. The relief has not changed significantly for the last 2.5 thousand years.

The northern part of Lake Ladoga lies on the Baltic Crystalline Shield, the southern part lies on the East European Platform. In the areas closest to Ladoga, the southern border of the shield runs approximately along the line Vyborg - Priozersk - the mouth of the Vidlitsa River - the source of the Svir River.

The crystalline basement of the Northern Ladoga area belongs to the ancient primary basement of Fennoscandia and was formed about 2000 million years ago. These are the oldest geological formations on Earth. Over millions of years, the ancient mountains of Svekokarelida have flattened into picturesque hills, rocks and cliffs. The depression of Lake Ladoga was formed in the Tertiary period as a result of a powerful geological fault. At the same time, as a result of faults, the formation of the archipelago and the coastal part of the northwestern shore of Lake Ladoga took place. 12 thousand years ago, after the departure of the glacier, almost the entire surface of the Ladoga region was under the water of the ancient Baltic glacial lake. The climate, water level and salinity of the lake gradually changed. About 4000 - 3000 years ago the formation of the Neva took place and the level of Lake Ladoga dropped by 10 meters.

At the end of the 9th century AD. a change in the hydrography of the region (a decrease in the level of the Baltic and, accordingly, of Lake Ladoga), led to a simultaneous process of shallowing of the rivers of the Ladoga basin, including the Volkhov with tributaries.

rice. 4 Antsyl Lake includes Ladoga 9500 years ago. The lake's outflow to the ocean is marked.

32 rivers flow directly into Lake Ladoga - more than 10 km long, the largest rivers flowing into Lake Ladoga include: r. Svir flowing from Lake Onega, r. Vuoksa, originating in Finland, r. Volkhov, flowing from Lake Ilmen, r. Syas and others.

rice. 5 The Svir River - Podporozhsky district in the NE part of the Leningrad region.

rice. 6 Svir River, rapids.

rice. 7 Sandy banks of the Svir River.

rice. 8 River Vuoksa.

The Vuoksa River is mentioned in the Novgorod chronicles. People have lived in the vicinity of the river since prehistoric times - sites of the Stone Age period were found here, there is a mention of Vuoksa in the ancient epic "Kalevala". In the distant era of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, the Vuoksa River is mentioned as a place of congress for solving state issues.

pic 9 Vuoksa near Melnikovo.

rice. 10 A dam on the Vuoksa River in Imatra.

rice. 11 Priozersk Vuoksa river.

rice. 12 Upper reaches of the Volkhov River.

rice. 13 The Volkhov River in the St. Ladogi and Lyubsha (Chernavino-5), mounds in the "tract of the hill".

rice. 14 The Volkhov River - not far from the mouth.

rice. 14 river Syas.

Lake Ladoga - Nevo.

rice. 16 ladozhskoe lake.

rice. 17 Landscapes of Lake Ladoga.

rice. 18 Lake Ladoga - shores.

rice. 19 Lake Ladoga - breaker.

rice. 20 Lake Ladoga - forest.

rice. 21 Lake Ladoga - silence.

rice. 22 Lake Ladoga - autumn.

rice. 23 Rocky shores of Lake Ladoga.

rice. 24 Lynx rock, pos. Vartsila, Northern Ladoga.

rice. 25 Ruskeala, former marble quarry. Height of rocks: 30 - 40 m, Northern Ladoga area.

rice. 26 Lake Ladoga - stones.

rice. 27 A boulder near Vidlitsa is a river in Karelia, near Ladoga.

rice. 28 On the islands of Lake Ladoga.

rice. 29 Cape Rahaniemi. Radiance August 18, 2003.

rice. 30 Gorskii Staraya Ladoga canal photo 1909

Figure 31 Korela Fortress in Priozersk.

Korela (Swedish Kexholm, Finnish Käkisalmi "Cuckoo Strait") is a stone fortress in the city of Priozersk, on the island of the Vuoksa River. Medieval Korela was the most northwestern city of Russia. The fortress was founded at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. Novgorodians on the island of the river Uzerva(Vuokse)to protect the northwestern borders of the republic from the Swedes.

Priozersk - [Karelian. Kagoisalmi, Fin. Käkisalmi - "Cuckoo Strait", Swedish. Kexholm - "cuckoo island"] - the administrative center of the Priozersky district of the Leningrad region. The city is located on the Karelian Isthmus, along the banks of the northern branch of the Vuoksa River, between Lake Ladoga and Lake Vuoksa. Until the beginning of the 17th century, it was the center of the Korelsky land, the Korelsky district of the Vodskaya Pyatina. From the 14th century to 1611 the city was known as Korela. From 1580 to 1595 and from 1611 to 1918 the city was called Kexholm. Since 1918, the city, which was part of Finland that gained independence, began to be called Käkisalmi. In 1940, after the Soviet-Finnish war, the city went to Soviet Union, the name Kexholm was returned. In 1941-1944, during the Soviet-Finnish war, the city was occupied by Finnish troops and was called Käkisalmi. In 1944, after the Moscow armistice, the city was ceded to the Soviet Union for the second time. In 1948 it was renamed Priozersk.)

rice. 32 Fortress Oreshek - Orekhovy Island, (fin. Pähkinäsaari) - a small island at the source of the Neva. The main attraction is the ancient Novgorod fortress of the XIV century Oreshek.

pic 33 Map of the encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Ladoga lake. (clickable)

...

The nature of the North-Western part of Russia is amazingly attractive. The discreet beauty of the taiga landscapes is replaced by vast swamps rich in cranberries and cloudberries. Elevated areas are decorated with small-leaved forests and spruce forests. But the unique charm of this region of Russian nature is given by the mirror-like surface of numerous lakes.

Ladoga lake- the largest in Europe, the length of which is 219 km with the greatest width - 138 km. The northern and eastern parts of the reservoir belong to Karelia. The western, southeastern and southern shores of Lake Ladoga are located in the Leningrad Region. Ladoga contains 908 km³ of water. Replenishment of water resources occurs at the expense of 35 flowing rivers. One river flows out of Lake Ladoga - the Neva.

The area of Lake Ladoga is 18135 km², the length of the coastline is 1570 km. The bottom relief is characterized by sharp drops in the north and a more gentle character in the south. The values of the depths of Lake Ladoga are very diverse: from 60–220 m in the northern part and from 15–70 m in the southern part. Usually, the steeper and higher the coast, the greater the depths observed near them. Near the Valaam archipelago, the maximum depth of Lake Ladoga was recorded - 233 meters.

Islands of Lake Ladoga

There are about five hundred large and small islands in the waters of Lake Ladoga. The largest of them make up the Valaam archipelago. Famous in the Orthodox world, the Konevets monastery on Lake Ladoga was erected on another large island– Konevets, about 600 years ago. Some islands are separated from each other by small straits - the famous skerries of Ladoga, which give this region a unique beauty.

History of Lake Ladoga - historical references, the "road of life", finds and artifacts

Ladoga is present on one of the first geographical maps of the Moscow state, compiled in 1544 by the German cartographer Sebastian Munster.

the first detailed map Lake Ladoga was formed under the Admiralty Department in 1812.

For Russia, Ladoga was of strategic importance: an important part of the waterway"From the Varangians to the Greeks". A documentary mention of the “great Lake Nevo” (as Lake Ladoga was called in the old days) is first found in the Old Russian chronicle of 1228. The first capital before Kievan Rus was located near the confluence of the Volkhov River into Lake Ladoga.

Novgorodians kept merchant ships and a military flotilla on Ladoga. Many pages of the Petrine era are closely connected with this lake. The local lands are witnesses of the glorious battles on Lake Ladoga during the Great Northern War.

"The road of life"

During World War II, from 1941 to 1944, most of the coast of Lake Ladoga was under German-Finnish occupation. Residents of cities and villages were actually cut off from the world. And only in the southwestern part of Ladoga there was communication with the Soviet troops. This "road of life" functioned from September 1941 to March 1943. The path connected the residents of besieged Leningrad with the rest of the country. The "Road of Life" began from the port of Osinovets on Lake Ladoga, and ended at the docks of Leningrad. In summer, by water, and in winter, along the ice road, food, medicines and essentials were transported to the city under a hail of enemy shells. In total, during the existence of the “road of life”, 1.6 million tons of various cargo were transported, which allowed the inhabitants of Leningrad to hold out until the blockade was lifted. But food was brought along this path and people were taken out. Approximately 1,400 people were evacuated in this way. At the place where the "road of life" ran, 7 monuments and 102 memorial pillars were installed. All of them are included in the Green Belt of Glory.

Finds at the bottom of Lake Ladoga

The bottom of Ladoga still keeps numerous interesting and valuable artifacts from different eras. The ancient Vikings, soldiers of the Northern and Great Patriotic Wars, left their mark. Of course, first of all, Lake Ladoga hides the traces of the Second World War. A vivid example of this is "Death Bay". In this place in August 1941 there was an urgent evacuation of rifle and motorized Soviet divisions. For two weeks, under fierce artillery and mortar fire, the ships were removed from the shore of the fighters. The small bay was literally bombarded with shells. Until now, the entire bottom of the lake is covered with a layer of shells, shell fragments and iron.

For more than ten years, the project "Secrets of sunken ships" has been carried out throughout the entire territory of Lake Ladoga. The participants in this project are compiling a register in which they enter a description of the sunken ships and aircraft found. Thanks to fresh cold water Ladoga, all objects are excellently preserved at the bottom. They are of great interest to diving enthusiasts.

Lake Ladoga on the map of Russia and the depth map

The historical name of Lake Ladoga is Nevo. The reservoir is located on the border of two regions. The southwestern part is located in the Leningrad region, and the northeastern part is in the Republic of Karelia. The area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoir is very large, therefore it is conventionally divided into parts. The northern Ladoga area belongs to southern Karelia, two districts of the Leningrad region are considered southern - Volkhovsky and Kirovsky. Lake Ladoga is also divided into the eastern and western Ladoga: the Olonets region of the Republic of Karelia and the Karelian Isthmus, respectively.

On the shores of Lake Ladoga in the Republic of Karelia are the cities of Sortavala, Lahdenpokhya, Pitkyaranta. From the side of the Leningrad region there are also large settlements - the cities of Priozersk, Shlisselburg and Novaya Ladoga. Many small and large tributaries flow into the lake, and only one river flows out of it - Velikaya Neva. In the southern part of the reservoir there are three beautiful large bays. These are the Shlisselburg, Svir and Volkhov bays.

Geographic map

Map of the depths of Lake Ladoga

The relief of the bottom of Lake Ladoga is heterogeneous. The depth gradually increases from south to north. In the northern part, the bottom surface is uneven, there are many depressions and underwater rocks. Depths of 100 meters or more prevail. In the north of Ladoga, the largest

the depth of the lake, which is 230 meters. The depth of the depression opposite the Kurkijoki skerries reaches 220 meters.

In the southern part of Ladoga, the bottom topography is smoothed. Not deep depressions and sharp fluctuations. Depths fluctuate between 25–50 meters. But it's not very noticeable, because bottom relief flat, without rocks and holes. Closer to the center of the lake, the depth has an average value of 50 meters.

Climate and weather on Lake Ladoga

The climate on Ladoga is humid and mild, close to the sea. Winter, although cold, passes without severe frosts, summer is cool. Ice binds the lake at the end of October and stays until the beginning of May, and the central part of Ladoga does not freeze every winter. The greatest thickness of ice is observed in the bays - 30–60 cm.

The average annual water temperature in Lake Ladoga is 3.5 °C. This reservoir is characterized by the presence of a thermal front in spring and autumn with more warm water, gradually moving from coastal shallow areas to the center of the lake. On a warmer south coast the water in Lake Ladoga warms up to +20 °C, although at the same time at the depths the thermometer does not show a temperature above +4 °C. The thermal front is detected by the formation of a strip of foam with floating debris and flocks of gulls that prey on small fish.

The weather is notable for its inconsistency - a complete calm in just half an hour is replaced by a real storm. On Ladoga, with strong winds, waves reach 4 meters in height, and near Valaam Island, a wave 7.5 meters high was recorded. numerous protruding cans and ridges, takes on the character of a disorderly crowd. instability weather conditions associated with a sudden intrusion of cold air masses from the Arctic. The insidious nature of the unrest on Lake Ladoga caused the death of a huge number of ships and small boats.

In 2002, they launched the expeditionary research project "Secrets of Sunken Ships", whose experts identified more than 10 thousand objects that sank in Ladoga and the Gulf of Finland. Most of the finds at the bottom of Lake Ladoga, thanks to fresh water and low temperatures, have been preserved in surprisingly good condition and are of great interest to scientists and treasure hunters.

Unusual natural phenomena on Ladoga

Some local places are characterized by unusual natural phenomena, which gave rise to many legends of Lake Ladoga. In clear warm weather, mirages can suddenly appear above the water surface - imaginary outlines outlying islands, coastal buildings, sailing ships.

Another unique phenomenon is brontides. A distinct rumble is heard from underground on the shore or directly from the lake, accompanied by a slight vibration of the earth or the seething of waters. More often this phenomenon is observed near about. Balaam. Scientists explain this interesting phenomenon by tectonic movements occurring at the bottom of the lake.

Nature of Lake Ladoga: animals, plants and fish

Many sites near Lake Ladoga have been preserved in their original beauty. In the picturesque faults of harsh rocks, peeps ancient history this edge. Islands, rocky shoals, mountain slopes covered with pine forests were once covered by the waters of a prehistoric sea that stretched north to the ocean.

Rare species of flora and fauna are found in the protected areas of Lake Ladoga. On the picturesque slopes of the reef mountains facing south, southern plant species unusual for these latitudes (linear onion, sand carnation) grow. The northern areas on the shores of Lake Ladoga are chosen by tundra plants: snow saxifrage and alpine saxifrage. At the foot of the mountains, representatives of broad-leaved forests feel good: Norway maple and elm (mountain elm). Numerous edges of spruce forests in June adorn purple aconites with their flowering.

Animals common to the taiga zone are found on Ladoga: foxes, elks, hares, wolves, bears, etc. The gently sloping rocks in the north are a rookery for a very rare species - the Ladoga seal. This marine mammal has adapted to the conditions of a freshwater lake. The Ladoga seal reaches 130 cm in length and 50–70 kg of weight. The skin of this animal is decorated with a pattern of pale rings (ringed is another name for the seal). In February-March, they prepare holes in the snow hummocks, where the female gives birth to one 4-kilogram cub. When the lake is freed from the ice cover, flocks of seals come to the shores of the Valaam archipelago.

Fish that live in the lake

The ichthyofauna of Lake Ladoga is represented by more than 50 species of fish, including whitefish and salmon. About half of the commercial production on Ladoga is accounted for by pike perch, whitefish and smelt. And also of commercial importance are: cyprinids (roach, bream, ide), perch, vendace, pike, trout, ruff. It is found in the local waters of lamprey (brook and river), silver bream, blue bream. The main commercial fish, zander, lives on Ladoga in the shallower southern half of the lake. Often it reaches here 8 kg of weight. Ladoga salmon prefers the northern depths of Ladoga, and for spawning it goes along the rivers flowing into Lake Ladoga (Burnaya, Vidlitsa, Svir). And also in the northern regions of the lake, the Baltic sturgeon, char, and occasionally sterlet are found.

Fishing on Lake Ladoga - winter ice and open water

You can return from Ladoga with significant catches all year round. The content of oxygen dissolved in Ladoga water approaches 100%, so the period of "deafness" is not observed here, and this Lake Ladoga compares favorably with most inland water bodies.

Winter ice fishing on Ladoga

Winter on this lake is the fishing season, but also quite dangerous. Strong winds can cause fast ice to break. Sometimes huge fields of ice in a squally wind crumble into small ice floes in a short time.

The distances here are long, so good fishing is impossible without a snowmobile or a car. Completely Ladoga is very rarely covered with ice, and usually strong ice forms along the perimeter of the coast no further than 10–15 km. But even this distance is quite enough for effective fishing. Perch and roach prefer to stay at a depth of 3–6 m in winter, and for this, most often it will be necessary to cut holes at an insignificant distance from the coast. Many anglers find pike on Ladoga in winter in shallow water overgrown with reeds, where the depth under the ice does not exceed 50 cm.

But the most interesting fishing on Ladoga in winter is perch fishing on a vertical lure. Perch lives here both small (up to 200 g) and quite decent sizes (up to 800 g). Fishermen usually use soldered hook baubles or baubles with jig hooks suspended on a chain.

Fishing on Lake Ladoga in open water

Trolling on Ladoga

Lake Ladoga is rich in fish. It is caught in different ways: both on a float and on spinning from the shore. But the most exciting is trolling fishing. Most of all, large pike and pike perch are caught on the bait, but if you're lucky, you can also fish out Ladoga salmon. If we talk about trolling, then this type of fishing is not only the most sporting, but also productive. All because it is possible to hold a wobbler or other bait over a large area of the reservoir. You can change the level of penetration of the bait and thereby catch different depths. And the most important thing is that there is an opportunity to visit in search of a worthy trophy those parts of the lake where there is a regular bite, but there is no possibility of approach from the shore. You can troll on Ladoga day and night.

In the north of Ladoga in Karelia, salmon are caught at various depths, from 10 to 70 meters. It depends on the area of the reservoir. The main thing is to constantly monitor the nature of the bottom and baits, since here in a matter of minutes the depth can change from 40 to 4 meters. Fishing is also complicated by the regular need to change the level of penetration of the wobbler, which is not required when fishing in the southern part of the lake.

When trolling for pike or zander, two to twelve spinning rods are used. The more baits, the better the bite. This is due to the fact that wobblers imitate the movement of a small flock. And this, of course, will arouse the interest of the predator. A trolling rod is different from a standard spinning rod. First, it must have a long and strong handle. Secondly, it is desirable to have a slightly larger number of guides, from 12 to 14. This will help to more evenly distribute the load on the rod. Thirdly, the length of the spinning is important. It is best to give preference to a rod with a length of 2.1 or 2.4 meters, this will be quite enough.

Accordingly, it is no less important and correct to choose the bait. Predators of Ladoga are very capricious. So you never know what they will choose. The stock of all kinds of wobblers, silicone twisters and vibrotails should not be small. But we can say with confidence that the most catchy baits are from 8 to 12 cm long. The true skill of a fisherman is not at all to pick up a wobbler that resembles a fish as much as possible, but to teach it correctly.

Fishing on Ladoga in spring

On Ladoga, however, as well as on other water bodies, fish come to the shore in droves for spawning. Large roach begins to be caught when blocks of ice are still floating on the water surface. In the catch of fishermen of the "first turn" of roach, there are specimens of 0.8-1.2 kg. Over time, there are more fish, but a trifle begins to predominate in the catch. They catch roach with a float rod for maggot or cut worm at the edge of reed beds at the shallowest depths. Feeding fish does not make sense - the fish is busy looking for a place to spawn and forgets about hunger. It is much more important to actively search for fish.

Following the roach, silver bream and bream go to spawn, but their size and quantity are not of particular interest for fishing. Here is the pike zhor that follows this promises very interesting fishing. During this period, the spotted predator is successfully caught "overhand" from south coast Lake Ladoga, in reed beds. During this period, 3–6 kg specimens are sometimes found. Pike can be caught not only near the shore in reeds, but also in open water, within 30–40 meters from coastal vegetation. Used for catching pike on Lake Ladoga, most often large turntables or spinners-non-hooks.

Fishing on Lake Ladoga during the White Nights

The greatest interest during this period is the night fishing for zander. On Ladoga, trolling enthusiasts ply along rocky ridges 3-10 km from the coast. Pike perch actively moves in all layers of water, so they catch it at the same time with several spinning rods, equipping them with wobblers with different depths. Running wobblers for Ladoga are favorites for hunting zander. The most versatile colors are "acid" and "blue back". The main catch is zander 1.5-5 kg, but 10 kg trophies can be found.

Large pike live on the same rocky ridges, but you can catch them with larger baits (8-11 cm Shad will do).

Fishing on Ladoga in summer

Perch at this time begins to hunt for grown fry. Throwback fishing enthusiasts arm themselves with a light spinning rod and go in search of a schooling perch. The easiest way to detect fattening perches is by gulls. If a flock is found, then the size of the catch can only be affected by the speed of the haul. The flock may go deep, but usually it will soon appear somewhere nearby, and fishing can be resumed. In this way, perches weighing up to 700 g are mined. Larger trophies can be taken by trolling.

When fishing from the shore, you can only count on the capture of "laces". Larger fish prefer not to approach the shore closer than 2–5 km in summer.

Trophy pike is better caught not on the ridges, where the bottom of Lake Ladoga has a complex relief, but on the "runs". Therefore, in the summer, many fishermen simply plow the expanses of Ladoga, equipping their fishing rods with large spoons or wobblers.

Autumn fishing on Ladoga

With a cold snap, large fish begin to come closer to the shores. At this time, you can "cherish" at 2-meter depths. And before freezing, they fish effectively, as in spring, near the reeds. Good results demonstrate large oscillating ultra-light baubles or large white rubber with minimal loading and a pair of tees. In reed windows, various non-hooks are more suitable for catching pike.

Rest on the shore of Lake Ladoga

A distinctive feature of staying on Ladoga is a fairly developed tourist infrastructure. There are many bases around Ladoga offering their services. Here, fishermen can find not only a place to sleep, but also rent a boat, some gear, get expert advice, as well as have a delicious dinner, take a steam bath. In addition to fishing, here you can make organized excursions to the historical sights of Lake Ladoga, go on a cruise on Lake Ladoga or take a walk for mushrooms and berries, ride horses or bike.

Recreation centers

The recreation center "13th Cordon" is located in the village of Salmi. There are seven two-story comfortable cottages at the disposal of vacationers (from 5500 rubles per room). On the territory of the "13th Cordon" there are: a swimming pool, a cafe, two baths.5-hour rental

Grizli boats will cost 4 thousand rubles, a three-seater motor boat - 2 thousand rubles. Trolling on a boat accompanied by a huntsman - 3 thousand rubles / hour.

The Mikli-Olgino farm belongs to the village of Miinala, Lakhdenpokhsky district, in the immediate vicinity of the skerries of Ladoga. Two comfortable wooden cottages (from 900 rubles per person) and a separate eight-bed house on the shore of Lake Ladoga (8 thousand rubles for the whole house) were built on the farm. There is a sauna, a summer cafe, a billiard room at the base, a pier is equipped, and free parking is provided. You can rent equipment, a boat, an ATV, a bicycle. Holidays on the farm will especially appeal to lovers of secluded places.

"Stormy Ladoga" refers to the Priozersky district, located at the mouth of the Burnaya River. Here tourists are provided with rooms in guest house(from 1 thousand rubles per person). There is a sauna, a shooting range, a children's playground, a sports ground at the base. You can rent a rowing boat for 500 rubles per day, going to Ladoga on a motor will cost 900 rubles per day or 300 rubles per hour. Many vacationers visit this base specifically to play paintball among real bunkers and pillboxes on the Mannerheim line. In winter, there are exciting snowmobile safaris.

How to get to Lake Ladoga

It is more convenient for Muscovites to get to Lake Ladoga through St. Petersburg. You can choose the most suitable mode of transportation.

By train:

From St. Petersburg to the Ladoga Lake station, electric trains run from Finland Station (8 flights are made in summer). The trip will take 1 hour 20 minutes. Electric trains depart from the Baltic Station to the same station.

By car:

Route 1: we leave St. Petersburg along M-18 Kola and keep the direction to A120, drive along A 120 to A-128.
Route 2: we leave St. Petersburg along the Ryabovsky highway, then continue along Borisov Griv until the turn near the village. Vaganova we leave on A-128.

Minibuses from the Dybenko metro station regularly leave for Lake Ladoga.

By train:

From St. Petersburg to the northern regions of Lake Ladoga can be reached from the Ladozhsky railway station by direct trains. Destinations: Sortavala or Ilya Uuksu.

Photo of Lake Ladoga

The blue lake expanse extending far beyond the horizon… Fanciful boulders guarding the approaches to the forest… Placer overgrown with forest picturesque islands... The walls of an ancient monastery, approaching the very water ... Winding bays, shrouded in a haze of fog. All this is majestic and unique Ladoga.