Where is the largest number of bridges in the world. Which European city has the most bridges? The best engineering structures of all time
Hamburg is the second largest city in Germany and is considered one of the most beautiful in the country. He is also popular tourist destination thanks to its beautiful scenery, a unique neighborhood of historical monuments and modern pubs and nightclubs, including the world-famous red-light district Reeperbahn (Reeperbahn).
Hamburg is considered large port city, despite its location about 100 kilometers from the North Sea, on both sides of the Elbe River. Hamburg has the most big port countries - the second busiest port in Europe, and the third largest in the world, after the ports of London and New York. Therefore, everyone who loves water, ships and harbors is simply obliged to visit it.
Hamburg is practically surrounded by water on all sides. The Alster River is divided into two lakes, Binnen and Alster (Aussenalster) (which means "inner" and "outer"), located on both sides of the city, and the Elbe River flows right through the city and flows into the North Sea. Such an abundance of water means the presence of many canals, rivers and bridges. In fact, few people know that Hamburg has more bridges than any other city in the world, and more canals than Amsterdam and Venice combined. According to estimates, their number ranges from 2300 to 2500 - which is much more than total canals in London, Amsterdam and Venice. Below are the most famous bridges of this wonderful city:
Bridge "Köhlbrand" (Köhlbrandbrücke)
The Köhlbrand Bridge opened in 1974 and has been one of Hamburg's most famous landmarks ever since. Its length is 3940 meters, and the span of the central, cable-stayed part is 325 meters. From 1974 to 1991 this bridge was considered the most long bridge in a world including a cable-stayed span. Now it is considered the second longest bridge in Germany.
Network of Hamburg Bridges on the Elbe (Hamburg Elbbrücken)
New Elbe Bridge (Neue Elbbrücke), Billhorner Bridge, and Freeport Elbe Bridge.
Railroad bridge
New bridge across the Elbe
Bridge over the free port of Elba
The network of Hamburg Bridges on the Elbe is a series of independent bridges that cross the river Elbe, which flows through Hamburg. This Hamburg shipping route is divided into two main branches - the North Elbe and the South Elbe, which merge after they pass the network of the Elbe Islands, united in the most big Island on this river.
Hamburg Elbe Bridge (Harburger Elbbrücke)
The old Hamburg bridge across the Elbe was opened in 1899. The 474 meter steel arch bridge, originally built for motor vehicles, was the first motor vehicle bridge over the South Elbe arm. Now it serves only for the crossing of pedestrians and cyclists. Between 1980 and 1995, the bridge was radically rebuilt. Cantilever walkways were built on both sides of the bridge.
Bridge "Kattwyk"
The Kattwyk bridge crossing the South Arm of the Elbe is a 290m vertical drawbridge with two 70m railway and road transport. This bridge, opened on March 21, 1973, connects the Wilhelmsburg quarter with the Moorburg quarter. Both quarters are located on the network of the Elbe Islands. The Kattwyk is capable of reaching a height of 46 meters and is the largest vertical drawbridge in the world.
The peculiarity of the bridge is that the rails located on it are located in the center of the roadway. Due to the fact that "Kattwyk" is both a railroad and a road bridge, vehicular traffic is blocked when freight train. Such stops usually last from eight to ten minutes. On weekdays, the bridge is raised every two hours to let ships through. During the lifting of the bridge, traffic stops for 15-20 minutes.
Brooks Bridge
The Brooks Bridge, which leads to the city of Speicherstadt, was opened in 1887. The bridge is adorned with four statues, one at each of its corners. The original sculptures were destroyed during World War II. The sculptures standing on the bridge today were installed in 2001.
Lombard Bridge (Lombardsbruecke) and Kennedy Bridge (Kennedybrücke)
The Lombard Bridge in Hamburg is a railway and road bridge over the Alster River. It was named after the pawnshop that was on it in 1651. primordial wooden bridge was replaced in 1865 by a new 69-meter, three-arch bridge crossing the Alster River. 
Next to the Lombard Bridge is the Kennedy Bridge. A second bridge was built in 1953 because the old Lombard Bridge could not handle the increased traffic. The bridge was originally called the New Lombard Bridge. It was renamed the Kennedy Bridge in 1963 in honor of John F. Kennedy after his assassination. 
Lombard Bridge and Kennedy Bridge separate the Inner and Outer Alster lakes.
Toll Bridge (Zollenbrücke)
The Toll Bridge is the oldest bridge in the city, built in 1663. The 25-meter bridge, with three arches of different sizes, is built of sandstone blocks. Railings and lanterns were added in the 19th century when the bridge was widened.
Ellerntors Bridge
The Ellerntors Bridge is a stone arched bridge crossing the "Tomb of the Lord's Fleet". For many centuries it served as a direct route from Hamburg to Altona. Built in 1668, this bridge is the second oldest surviving stone bridge in Hamburg.
Pleasant Bridge (Trostbrücke)
Otradny Bridge is a small historical bridge crossing the "Nikolaifleet", which, one of the many narrow bays connecting the docks of the city with the Elbe River. Located southwest of the city center, it once stood on the border between the old and new towns of Hamburg. It was built in 1881. This stone building is famous for the presence of statues of Count Adolf III and Bishop Ansgar, the founder of the very first cathedral in Hamburg. In translation, the bridge is called "Pleasant". It got its name because the convicts were led along it, and the beauty of the bridge was their last consolation.
Bridge "Reesendamm"
The "Reesendamm" bridge crosses the Little Alster, the Jungfernstieg and mountain road. It was named after Heinrich Müller Reese, who owned a corn mill in the 13th century. The bridge was built in 1843. People love to come to this bridge to enjoy the beautiful view of the river with swans that they can feed with pieces of bread.
Bridge "Slamatjen"
One of the less famous bridges is the bridge "Slamatjen", located in the district of Neustadt (Neustadt) on the street Ludwig-Erhard (Ludwig-Erhard), which crosses the Alster. Since its completion in 1959, it has served as a road bridge. On the bridge there is a wonderful picture carved in stone, which represents two talking women. The place where the bridge is located was once popular place meetings of water-carrier women.
Hamburg- the second (after Berlin) heart of Germany. Tourists visit it with pleasure, because here you can not only look at the numerous sights, but also just walk along the picturesque streets with pleasure. Gives a special flavor to the city a huge number of bridges across the Elbe River, which, according to various estimates, number from 2300 to 2500. In all of Europe, you will not find another city where so many bridges would be built: Hamburg, according to this indicator, "surpassed" Venice, Amsterdam and London combined.
One of the most famous bridges in Hamburg is the Köhlbrandbrücke. It was opened in 1974 and until 1991 it remained the largest in the world, because its span is 325 m wide and 3940 m long.
Among oldest bridges in Hamburg, Elbbrücke should be noted. In 1899 it was built for car traffic, but over time other bridges across the Elbe appeared. After the reconstruction, which took place from 1980 to 1985, Elbbrücke is used as a pedestrian, in addition, cyclists and motorcyclists are allowed on it.
The Cattwick Bridge is famous for being the world's largest vertical lift bridge for rail and road transport, with a height of 46 m. car traffic stops for 8-10 minutes while the train passes. In addition, the lift allows ships to pass through the bridge; on weekdays, traffic also stops every two hours in order to let ships pass.
Lombard and Kennedy bridges deserve special attention. As you might guess, the Lombard railway bridge got its name after a corresponding institution was opened here in 1651. By the way, until 1865 the bridge was wooden. Next to the Lombard Bridge, another bridge was built in 1953. It was necessary because it was necessary to "unload" the flow of traffic that crossed the Alster lake. It was named after the American president later, in 1963, after the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
The historic Trostbrücke bridge, built in 1881, originally served as the border between the old and new cities of Hamburg. Stone statues of Count Adolf III, as well as Bishop Ansger, who is the founder of the city cathedral, are installed on the bridge.
Many will think that this is, of course, Venice and will be wrong. Someone will say that in Amsterdam - and again by. London? Not! There are more bridges in this city than in all these listed cities combined. Two and a half thousand large and small bridges across two rivers, on the banks of which this city is located.
The city where "The Beatles" began their career, the city after which the most popular dish in the world is named. I think you have already guessed that this is Hamburg - the second largest city in Germany.
CITY OF OTHER CITIES
In Hamburg there is something from Venice ...
And from London...
And from Peter. Although, most likely, in St. Petersburg there is something from Hamburg. By the way, this boat on the column near the Town Hall is often confused with the boat on the Admiralty spire. Yes, what really - Hamburg and St. Petersburg are generally sister cities.
Residential areas in the city center:
The Hamburg subway is distinguished by the fact that most of the sections run on the surface and on overpasses, covering mainly the northern part of the city.
The main square of the city, where the Town Hall is located
Hamburg is a city of symmetry and strict lines,...
Homeless..
And water.
WE CAME TO THE PORT TODAY
Hamburg is a major transport hub (railways and highways), as well as a sea and river (Elbe River) port. Sea port is an largest port Germany, which is the second largest in Europe after Rotterdam.
The port of Hamburg occupies a tenth of the city's territory - 75 square kilometers. The total length of the quay wall is 46 kilometers - this is about 300 berths for sea and ocean vessels.
The port is a sea port, although it is located on the banks of the Elbe River, not far from its confluence with the North Sea.
The port of Hamburg is perhaps the most important sight of the city, which you can devote the whole day to. What kind of ships you will not see here!
Cap San Diego- German bulk carrier built in 1962. Currently a museum ship. The dry cargo ship was nicknamed "the white swan of the Atlantic".
"San Diego" went to those "distant shores" about which the song about Brazil is sung.
The main attraction of the port of Hamburg is the museum sailboat "Rickmer Rickmers"(Rickmer Rickmers). She is one of the last large commercial shipping sailboats.
The sailboat was used to carry loads of rice and bamboo from Far East, with coal from Wales to Chile, and from Chile to Germany - with saltpeter.
sailboat Grossherzogin Elisa, built in 1909. Until now, it is operated as a training ship, goes to sea.
Bulk carrier (dry cargo carrier) PANTHER MAX in the dock. Built in 2012, it has a length of 229 m and a beam of 32 m. It takes on board 44326 tons.
ocean cruise giant "Norwegian Escape"- the third liner of the NCL company, the Breakaway Plus project. This is the biggest a cruise ship company NCL, which is one deck larger than its brothers, the predecessors of Breakaway and Getaway. It has just been built and will soon be put into operation.
More than 300 meters long, 40 meters wide, 20 decks, 2206 cabins that can accommodate up to 5000 passengers.
(www.shipspotting.com)
Premium cabins with a personal butler, two balconies, a Jacuzzi and designer interiors, an entire water park on the upper deck with slides and waterfalls, a huge selection of restaurants and bars with a varied menu of several cuisines of the world - a real floating city.
(www.shipspotting.com)
One could still tell about the origin of the expression "Hamburg cock", but it will already be a completely different story.
Nowadays bridges are not something amazing and supernatural. They have long become a convenient tool for movement, and allow you to achieve your goals in the shortest possible time. Once bridges were trees, boards and ropes. Today, these are amazing designs that now and then compete in perfection and strength.
After everyone appreciated the convenience of these structures, bridges began to be perceived as a certain kind of art, they actually look impressively beautiful and represent a great creation of mankind. Many specially go on a trip in order to see and visit the most beautiful bridges in the world.
In this article, we will introduce you to longest bridges in the world and tell about the construction process, history and many interesting cases that are inextricably linked with them.
1. Danyan-Kunyshansky viaduct. China. This is longest bridge in the world, 164.8 kilometers long. It was built as part of the Beijing High railway. Its construction took only 2 years. It is located in Jiangsu province, between Shanghai and the city of Nanki. The largest reservoir that crosses the bridge - yangcheng lake. The lake, in turn, is known for the fact that mitten crabs live here, the meat of which is a great delicacy.
2. Tianjin viaduct. China. Second longest bridge, also located in China and also took 2 years to build. Its length reaches 113,700 meters, which spread from the Beijing South railway station to Tianjin city.
It is not surprising that and third longest bridge in the world located in China. Its total length is 79,732 meters and connects the cities of Zhengzhou and Xi'an. The bridge got its name because it crosses the Wei River twice.
4. Bang Na Highway. Thailand. There is a bridge in the city Bangkok, and its total length is 54 kilometers. The construction of this elevated structure lasted 5 years, and the cost of the entire project was more than 1 billion US dollars. Bridge traffic paid, this is due to the fact that there is a ground free road. The bridge was created in order to unload highways from traffic jams.
And again, China is the country with the record for the longest bridges. Its length is 42.5 kilometers and stretches the city of Qingdao with the Huangdao district, and also crosses the northern part of Jiaozhou Bay.
The construction of the bridge took 4 years and cost China 60 billion Chinese yuan, the same as almost 10 billion US dollars. Every day, 30,000 cars pass through the bridge, saving only 20-30 minutes, which is clearly not worth such a waste of the state budget.
6. Bridge (dam) over Lake Pontchartrain. USA. It has another name, which is better known to Americans - bridge between Mandeville and Metairie, since the lake connects these two cities. It is located in the state of Louisiana, and the length is 38.42 kilometers.
If we compare it with other similar buildings, the bridge is particularly stable and resistant to various elements. True, during its existence (since 1948), either one or several barges periodically crash into the bridge.
7. Bridge over Hangzhou Bay. Despite the fact that this bridge is the seventh on our list, it is actually the first longest transoceanic bridge in the world.
In turn, it crosses the ocean and connects the cities of Shanghai and Ningbo. The length of the bridge is 36 kilometers, its estimated service life is 100 years, despite the fact that it was built in China.
8. Bridge named after the Louisiana paratroopers. USA. From the name, it is obvious that the bridge is located in the state of Louisiana, namely between the cities of Baton Rouge and Lafayette. The bridge crosses the Atchafalaya Basin and has a length of 29.29 kilometers, making it second longest bridge in the US. Near the guest center at mile 121 of Highway 3177 is a monument dedicated to the memory of soldiers of the 82nd Airborne Division of the United States.
9. King Fahd Bridge. Saudi Arabia. It is rather a whole complex of bridges, the total length of which is more than 25 kilometers. The task of the complex is to connect the city of El Hubao to Saudi Arabia and island nation Bahrain. Construction began in 1982 when the heads of state King Fahd and Isa laid the first stone.
10. Bridge - a tunnel through the Chesapeake Bay. USA. Have you ever seen how a bridge turns into an underwater tunnel? Not? Then you have a great opportunity to ride underwater. It is located in Virginia and was built back in 1964.
The bridge, if it can be called that at all, consists of two underwater tunnels (1600 meters each), 4 artificial islands, 2 bridges, more than 3 kilometers of dam roads and 9 kilometers of access roads. And all this is done so that the ships of the US Navy can safely go to the open sea. The total length of all these structures is 24.14 kilometers.
That's how creative people can be. Once you see one of these hulks, it will be difficult to call her just a bridge, in fact, this is a real work of art, resourcefulness and talent.
In fact, this is not the limit of human capabilities, and given how quickly our planet is populated by more and more people, soon it will be covered with many layers of bridges, highways and tunnels.
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