Mari Chodra National Park short story. Mari Chodra National Park
Mariy Chodra is a state natural national park in the Republic of Mari El.
Description of the national park
In 1985, the Mari Chodra Reserve was established on the territory of the Republic of Mari El. Its name can be translated as "Mari forest". A reserve has been created to protect mineral springs and karst lakes.
Crosses the park Railway and motorway. Therefore, getting to the reserve is quite easy. On the territory of the park itself there is a recreation center, a sanatorium and a tourist town. In addition, on the shores of the lakes there are equipped parking lots where you can pitch tents.
On the territory of Mari Chodra there are a lot of lakes, which are surrounded by a dense forest. Moreover, all lakes are of karst origin. The depth of local lakes reaches 40 m. The Ilet River, which is a tributary of the Volga, also flows through the park. The banks of the river are covered with mixed forest.
Concerning flora, then most of the Mari Chodra is covered with pine trees. And oak groves can be found in the floodplain of the river and on the hills. In addition, here you can see a number of plants that are listed in the Red Book. And in the forests you can meet brown bear, elk, capercaillie and mink. Beavers and muskrats are found in reservoirs. There are 56 species of mammals in the park.
But the main attraction of the park are the lakes. So near the village of Yalchiksky there is Lake Glukhoe, which amazes tourists with its brownish water. Although the bottom of the lake is sandy, its banks are too steep for swimming.
But at Lake Kichier, the shores are more gentle and sandy. But the bottom is very muddy, and the water is dark. In addition, the smell of hydrogen sulfide is sometimes felt. The lake is located in the Yalchen forestry. In addition to it, this forestry also has Lake Yalchik with sandy shores. The bottom is sandy and the water is clear. But this lake is surrounded by a mixed, not a pine forest.
All other lakes are located in the Kerebelyak forestry. This forestry is located round lake with clear and clean water, and the Black Lake with dark water and high banks. But the greatest interest among tourists is Lake Shungaldan, the water of which can be used for taking healing baths.
Near this lake at the base of Maple Mountain is the Green Spring with calcium sulfate water. As you understand, the water from this source can be used for medicinal purposes. It is worth noting here that there is an oak tree on the Maple Mountain itself, from the top of which Pugachev watched the burning Kazan. The tsarist troops forced him to leave Kazan. It is believed that it was on Klenovaya Gora that Pugachev's detachment made a halt. And in total on the territory of Mari Chodra there are about 30 historical monument, among which one can distinguish cult places of the Neolithic era.
Please note that fishing and hunting are prohibited on the territory of the reserve. For tourists, there are several routes of various lengths. Mainly hiking trails. But there are also bicycle, horse and road routes. In addition, those who wish can go down in kayaks along fairly fast rivers.
Zoning
The following functional zoning is currently accepted:
- Reserve regime zone - 7.6 thousand hectares (20.7% of the total area).
- The zone of extensive recreational use is 14.1 thousand hectares (38.6%).
- Zone of intensive recreational use - 13.9 thousand hectares (38.1%).
- Other territories - 1.0 thousand hectares (2.6%).
- Secured territory national park- 93.4 thousand hectares.
How to get there?
The park is located in the southeastern part of the Republic of Mari El, in the basin of the Ilet River, the left tributary of the Volga, and is included in the mixed forest belt of the forest zone.
The A295 Yoshkar-Ola - Zelenodolsk - the M-7 Volga highway and the Zeleny Dol - Yaransk railway pass through the park.
The National Park "Mari Chodra" was organized on September 13, 1985 by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR "On the establishment of the State Natural National Park "Mari Chodra" in the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic." The history of Mariy Chodra is not limited to 1985.
At the end of the 19th century, in the Kazan province, which included the Mari Territory, the Lushmar forestry was formed.
On October 1, 1927, the Lushmarskoe forestry became known as the Mushmari forestry enterprise, and since 1929 the forestry enterprise has become a timber industry enterprise.
Since 1963, the Mushmarinsky forestry enterprise has become a mechanized forestry enterprise, the material and technical base has expanded, its staff has increased, thinning began to be carried out mechanized, and reforestation takes on a mainly artificial character, but, as before, the main factor of production was man.
1966 was the year the permanent tree nursery was founded. With modern technology and advanced work organization, the nursery was one of the best in Russia and was repeatedly awarded the title of "Nursery of High Culture".
A significant contribution to the development of the Mushmarinsky mekhleskhoz was made by its director Nemtsev A.N. Having justified the organization of a permanent forest nursery, he laid the foundation for the concept of the future national park "Mariy Chodra". “Do not cut down the forest, but take care of it, restore and use it for recreational purposes,” this principle was discussed back in the mid-60s and 70s, but was legally enshrined only in 1985.
The National Park "Mariy Chodra" today is 36.8 thousand hectares of forest, 4 forestries: Lushmarskoye, Klenogorskoye, Yalchinskoye, Kerebelyakskoye, and since 2000 also the Mushmarinsky forest nursery (now the nursery of NP "Mariy Chodra").
Creation goals:
Preservation of natural complexes, unique and standard natural sites and objects, preservation of historical, cultural and other monuments cultural heritage, environmental education of the population, creation of conditions for regulated tourism and recreation of the population, familiarization with nature, cultural and historical sights, development and implementation of scientific methods of nature protection, educational activities, implementation of measures for the protection and reproduction of flora and fauna. The regime of the national park allows you to preserve natural complexes and objects of flora and fauna, cultural and historical objects.
Particularly valuable natural objects
There are more than 30 monuments of archeology and history in the park, which date back to the Neolithic era: settlements, places of worship (burial grounds, prayer places, altars).
Archaeological sites:
Name | a brief description of |
1. Oshutyalskoe VIII settlement | Opened in 1995 There are 6 deep depressions. Presumably belong to the remains of ancient dwellings-semi-dugouts. |
2. Oshutyalskaya IV site | It was discovered in 1994. No material remains have been found, cultural affiliation has not been determined. |
3. Oshutyalskaya I site | It was discovered in 1975. The width of the site is 7–9 m. The surface is turfed, overgrown with mixed forest. Approximate area 200 m 2. On examination, he will find a subrhombic arrowhead. |
4. Oshutyalskoe III settlement | Discovered in 1991. The surface of the monument is well-turfed and covered with mixed forest. A total of 14 depressions were identified. The excavation collection includes 3320 items. The monument is attributed to the Late Bronze Age of the Zamischensky and Atabayevsky stages of the Order culture (the last quarter of the 2nd millennium BC). The monument is of interest for the study of the Late Bronze Age in the basin of the river. Volga. |
5. Settlement Ozerki III | Opened in 2002. The surface of the monument is well-turfed, covered pine forest. Area 900 m2. 3 depressions have been identified. The cultural affiliation of the monument and the time of its existence have not been determined. |
6. Complex of monuments near the village of Ozerki (Oshutyalskaya II site) | Opened in 1975. The site of the monument is crossed by an old dirt road. In 1974, a forest plantation was made on the site of the monument. Defined as an Eneolithic site (Volosovo culture). Excavations have been made. The monument is of interest for the study of the Neolithic, Eneolithic, Late Bronze Age and early Middle Ages on the left bank of the river. Volga. |
7. Parking Ozerki V | Opened in 1994. The site of the monument is well covered with turf, overgrown with mixed forest, the area is 2000 m 2 . Excavations have been made. |
8. Ozerki IV site (Oshutyalskaya VI) | Opened in 1994. The monument is attributed to the Kama culture of the Neolithic era. Excavations have been carried out. |
9. Burial ground near the village Polevaya | Opened in 1956. The burial ground is dated to the 17th – 18th centuries. and identified as Mari pagan. Excavations have been carried out. |
10. Prayer near the village of Yanash-Belyak "Aga payrem arch" | Opened in 1956 |
11. Prayer near the village of Pekoza | Some birch trees reach 1.5 m. All the birch trees of this grove have signs (ancestral tamgas), cut down with an ax at a height of 1 - 1.5 m. It is an ancient Mari pagan prayer site. |
12. Prayer near the village of Tashnur | Opened in 1956 |
13. Location I near the village of Pekoza | It was discovered in 1956. The cultural layer and other finds were not found. By local resident found an ax dated to the Bronze Age (Balanovo culture). |
14. Location II near the village of Pekoza | It was discovered in 1956. A local resident found an iron pink salmon scythe, a coulter and a copper stirrup. No other finds were found. According to the clothing complex, the location is dated to the first half of the 2nd millennium AD. e. |
15. Location I near the village of Toshnur | Discovered in 1956. Flint flakes found. No cultural layer has been identified. |
16. Location near the village of Yanash-Belyak | In 1956, granite and flint flakes of indefinite shape were found. No cultural layer has been identified. |
17. Parking at the village of Alekseevskoye | In 1956, fragments of stucco pottery with textile imprints and flint flakes were found. The parking area is 250 m 2 . |
18. Burial ground near the village. Alekseevskoe | It was discovered while digging a foundation pit in 1970. Human bones, jewelry made of silver and bronze, beads, iron tools were found. Grave pits with the remains of tombs were found in the walls of the pit. The graves were not opened. |
Description
The territory of the national park "Mariy Chodra" is located in the eastern part of the Russian Plain, on the southern spurs of the Mariysko-Vyatsky ridge, in the basin of the river. Ilet - the left tributary of the Volga River. There is an alternation of flat (Mari lowland) and elevated sections of the Mari-Vyatka ridge, complicated by uplands, cut up by ravines, sides, hollows, relief drops. The park is located in a natural zone of coniferous-deciduous forests with boreal and forest-steppe elements. In floristic terms, the national park "Mariy Chodra" is located at the junction of the European and West Siberian provinces of the Eurosiberian floristic region A. A. Fedorova (1979). The capital of the Republic of Mari El is located 70 km, Cheboksary - 80 km, Kazan - 80 km. The Yoshkar-Ola – Kazan railway passes through the park from north to south. highway- Yoshkar-Ola - Green Dol.
National Park "Mari Chodra" - "Mari Forest"
Address: 425090 Republic of Mari El, Zvenigovsky district, pos. Krasnogorsky - train Moscow-Yoshkar-Ola and the highway Moscow - Yoshkar-Ola - Kazan.
The Mari Chodra National Park, in the Morkinsky Morkinsky, Zvenigovsky and Volzhsky districts of the Mari El Republic was established in 1995. Its area is 36.6 thousand hectares
The park is located in the basin of the Ilet River, the left tributary of the Volga River, not far from the border with Tatarstan - 30 km from the city of Volzhsk and 60 km from the city of Yoshkar-Ola.
Mari Chodra is famous for its rivers (tributaries of the Ilet River) Yushut, Petyalka, Uba, Voncha, as well as numerous picturesque lakes. Many lakes contain fango.
Karst lake Tot-Er
Lake Yalchik
Other lakes: Kichier, Melnichnoye, Teterkino, Mushan-Er, Konan-Er, Shut-Er, Kuzh-Er, Ergezh-Er (Round), Kugu-Er, etc.
Mari Chodra National Park — Photo
Boiling Square and Green Key r. Ilet
An ice-free mineral spring on the Yushut River
maple mountain
At the foot of Maple Mountain Hydrosulphuric Lake Shungaltan
Lake Dolgoye Kuzh-Er
Teal Whistle - Anas crecca
Lake Okunevo
The park includes part of the Mariysko-Vyatka rampart, highlands (mountains Klenovaya, Kerebelakskaya, etc.) and serves as a resting place for residents of Chuvashia, Tatarstan and Mari El.
The vegetation cover is sub-taiga coniferous-deciduous forests.
On a hill there are areas of oak forests with an admixture of maple, linden, and spruce; in the valleys mixed forests of spruce, pine, linden, oak, maple, aspen, elm and floodplain oak forests.
There are pine forests with an admixture of aspen, birch, and spruce. Some small areas are occupied by eutrophic grass marshes.
birch mane
Old Kazan (Galitsky) tract
Pugachev fields
Lake Mud - floodplain of the river Ilet
Deaf Lake - a landmark of the national park "Mari Chodra"
Flora represents taiga, forest-steppe and steppe species. About 50 plants are rare for the Mari El flora.
Common to the life of animals of the protected area are elk, squirrel, chipmunk, hare, least weasel, ermine, European polecat, marten; among the mammalian inhabitants are the (reacclimatized) beaver and the otter.
Inhabitants, grouse birds (Tetraonidae) include black grouse, capercaillie, hazel grouse; birds of prey - buzzard, goshawk, kite; sometimes a golden eagle appears. On floodplain lakes - mallard and European teal.
On the reservoirs, the habitation of the goldeneye is possible - a typical forest duck, arranging nests in hollows.
Mistletoe - Turdidae
Fieldfare Thrush - Turdus pilaris
Linnet - Cannabina cannabina
Bullfinch - Pyrrhula
Waxwing - Bombycilla
Seasonal concentrations of birds are small. In autumn, diving ducks temporarily stop on the lakes.
And in the spring, the flight over the flooded rivers is more lively. In autumn and winter, bullfinch, waxwing, and sometimes nutcracker migrate.
Mari Chodra National ParkEstablished in 1985, the Mari Chodra National Park is an interesting natural and territorial complex.
Translated from the Mari language "Mari Chodra" means "Mari forest".
Purpose of creation
Protection of rare and endangered species of flora (115 rare and endangered species of flora are registered in the park), fauna and historical and archaeological monuments.
The entire territory of the park is covered with beautiful pine forests and coniferous-deciduous forests.
Numerous mineral springs, significant outcrops of which are located in the valleys of the Ilet and Yushut rivers, are used for medicinal purposes in sanatoriums, rest homes and hospitals. A characteristic element of the landscape are lakes (failure, interdune, floodplain). The failures are located mainly on the southern, southwestern slopes of the Mariysko-Vyatka ridge. Most of them are located in the lower reaches of the Ilet River - Lake. Yalchik, Glukhoe, Kichner, Shulgandan belong to natural monuments. mineral spring"Green Key" and botanical geocenoses - the tract "Klenovaya Gora", "Klenogorskaya Oak Forest" also belong to natural monuments. The historical and cultural complex of the park includes 2 monuments of history - an oak, called Pugachevsky (according to legend, E. I. Pugachev stopped for the night under the shade of this oak with his detachment) and the old Kazan road. Oak differs sharply in its size among the stands. This is a gigantic tree with a powerful trunk, the diameter of which is 159 cm, which is part of the upper tier.
Active 14 tourist routes(foot, water, horse). Most popular places for recreation and tourism - Maple Mountain, lakes Yalchik, Glukhoe, Kichier.
Currently, 14 recreation facilities are located on the territory of the national park: tourist centers, recreation centers, a tourist campus, student sports camps, and sanatoriums. An ecological camp was organized on the basis of the camp of the Mari State University.
Address: 425040, Rep. Mari El, Zvenigovsky district, Krasnogorsky settlement, st. Central, 73
