Black Yar. Cherny Yar village (Astrakhan region) Cherny Yar town

 

Coordinates: N48 4.35 E46 6.972.

The village of Cherny Yar is located on the right bank of the Lower Volga, in the north of the Astrakhan region. The date of foundation is 1627, it was then that the Black Ostrog fortress was laid, which was later transferred and renamed the Chernoyarsk fortress due to the collapse of the coast in 1634.

In 1670, a historic meeting between the troops of Stepan Razin and the Astrakhan archers, who went over to the side of the rebels, took place in Cherny Yar. Here, not far from the villages of Cherny Yar and Solodniki, the last battle of the rebels with government troops took place during the peasant war under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. In 1741, the city of Cherny Yar burned down, but was rebuilt again, and was surrounded by a palisade. At the beginning of the 19th century, part of the buildings of the Black Yar collapsed due to intensive erosion of the coast, and the inhabitants had to settle further from the coast.

In 1870, there was another big fire in Cherny Yar, when the central part of the city burned out. After the fire, many brick buildings began to be erected. Mansions, shops, shops, a bakery, a teahouse, and a fire tower were built of brick.

In 1883, on his way from Siberia to a settlement in Astrakhan, N. G. Chernyshevsky stopped in Cherny Yar.

The settlement continued to develop and soon received the status of a city, but in 1925 Cherny Yar was deprived of this status and turned into a village.

Fans of the People's Artist of Russia Nadezhda Babkina know that she was born in the village of Cherny Yar.

Here is the Peter and Paul Church, built in 1741-1750. Thus, this is one of oldest buildings Astrakhan region. Pilgrims know the village of Cherny Yar as the place of residence of the holy lad-hermit Bogolep of Chernoyarsky. According to the story, the pious boy died at the age of 7 from the plague and became the protector and patron of the Black Yar. After Peter I ordered his grave to be razed to the ground (because of his popularity among the Old Believers), the villagers built a stone church and continued to worship Bogolep.

Near the church there is an old cemetery, where both Orthodox Cossacks and those who died not so long ago are buried. A feature of the Church of Peter and Paul is that it never closed, even in Soviet times.

Also of interest is Cherny Yar among archaeologists and paleontologists. In 1996, a resident of the village of Cherny Yar discovered mammoth bones under a cliff at the water's edge of the Volga River. In the same year, a paleontological expedition of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve was organized to Cherny Yar under the leadership of M.V. Golovachev. The result of the expedition to Cherny Yar was a unique skeleton of a mammoth that lived here 250-300 thousand years ago. This Chernoyarsk find confirmed the fact that these ancient animals inhabit the territory of the Astrakhan region. The restored complete skeleton of a mammoth is the main exhibit of the paleontological exhibition of the local history museum of Astrakhan. The height of the skeleton from the Black Yar, nicknamed the Musey by the museum staff, is 3 meters, and the length with tusks is 5 meters and 10 centimeters.

But the finds didn't stop there. In 2009, a skeleton of a prehistoric bison was found near Cherny Yar, and in 2010, scientists from the museum-reserve near the village of Cherny Yar again discovered fragments of the skeleton of a trogontherian elephant, or, simply, a mammoth, which were transported to the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve.

Also in 2009, the collection of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve was replenished with the skull of a saiga that lived in the Chernoy Yar region 300 thousand years ago. Paleontologists and scientists have established that the saiga has not changed at all over this period of time. Saigas are one of the few large herbivores of those times that have survived to this day. They survived the mammoth and woolly rhinoceros, wild horses and aurochs.

Employees of the Astrakhan Museum of Local Lore plan to expand the paleontological exhibition after the completion of the overhaul of the building. The exposition will occupy three huge halls. The reconstructed mammoth and bison skeletons found by paleontologists in the Chernoy Yar area will be the most impressive exhibits. A fossilized saiga skull will also take its place in the exposition.

Of course, the village of Cherny Yar also has its own local history museum - a branch of the Astrakhan Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve. There are three expositions in the Chernoyarsk Museum: “History of the Origin and Development of Cherny Yar”, “ natural features Chernoyarsk region”, “Chernoyarsk people in the Great Patriotic War”. Currently, the museum has 2000 exhibits on the nature, history and culture of the Chernoyarsk region, various thematic exhibitions are exhibited, excursions, evenings and events are held.

Cherny Yar, county town of Astrakhan province

(in Kalmyk Yankala) - a county town of the Astrakhan province, 256 versts from the city of Astrakhan, on the right steep bank of the Volga, which has a black color. This steep bank (yar) is annually washed away in the flood and collapses, as a result of which the inhabitants of the city, at the beginning of the 19th century, were forced to move further from the coast, part of which, with buildings, collapsed. In the city, during the reign of Mikhail Feodorovich, a small fortress was founded on this site, called the "Black Ostrog", to protect the Volga ship caravans from attacks by nomads and "freemen". In the city, the prison was moved to a new place and named a fortress; its inhabitants are endowed with water up and down the Volga River for 5 versts. A small fortress existed in the second half of the 18th century. In the city, it was destroyed by Stepan Razin. In the city of Chernoyarsk voivode successfully repulsed the attack of dissenters-Cossacks; in the city of Chernoyarsk took part in the so-called wedding riot. In the city, the city was assigned to Astrakhan, which belonged to the Kazan province, under the name of a suburb, and in the city it became part of the Astrakhan province. In the city, the whole city burned out, but the next year it was renewed and, for safety from Kalmyk raids, surrounded by a palisade. In the city, a civil administration was established in the fortress; in the city attached to Saratov province, and from the city it is a county town of the Astrakhan province. In the city, the fortress was abolished.

Despite its location on the banks of the Volga River, Cherny Yar has never had commercial and industrial significance. 2 Orthodox churches, a two-class city male school (94 students), a parish male (51) and a parish female (24) school, a parochial school (45 girls), a literacy school (25 girls). In the city of inhabitants in Ch. Yar, with a suburban Cossack village of Chernoyarskaya, there were 7642. Petty bourgeois 5,129, Cossacks 1004, Kalmyks 174. Orthodox 7411, Lamaists 174. In the city proper there were 5264 residents (2812 men and 2452 women) . Hospital, almshouse, pharmacy, 25 shops, 1 state-owned wine warehouse, 2 drinking establishments, 11 windmills and 4 equestrian, 12 forges, 1 fishing gang, 1 lamprey plant and 1 brick factory; craftsmen 103; charitable society, city public bank. The income of the city in the city is 24,021 rubles, the expenses are 19,707 rubles, including 2,735 rubles for the maintenance of the city public (simplified) administration, 2,328 rubles for the police, 1,865 rubles for the fire brigade, 1,382 rubles for educational work. The main occupations of the inhabitants are arable farming, cattle breeding and fishing. Trade is insignificant, bazaars are negligible. 4 fairs, to which goods are brought for 322,500 rubles, and sold for 146,300 rubles, including livestock brought in for 226,400 rubles, and sold for 119,200 rubles. The city owns 2981 acres, including 1909 acres under forest. Three farms are assigned to the city.

Chernoyarsk district

Chernoyarsk district located in the northwestern part of the Astrakhan province; according to Strelbitsky's measurement, its space is 16272.8 sq. km, and according to the Astrakhan survey department - 10055 sq. versts or 1047445 acres. The county is divided into two parts: one stretches in a narrow strip along the right bank of the Volga and consists of villages that appeared in the second half of the 18th century, and the second, consisting of villages along the Stavropol tract, began to be populated with the city by immigrants mainly from Little Russian provinces. At present, in this area, which has gone far south to the borders of the Stavropol province, there are 18 rather populous villages and towns, forming 7 volosts and lying among the Kalmyk nomads of the Maloderbetovsky ulus. Both parts represent the steppe, but differ in both soil quality and configuration. In the northern part, starting from Sarepta to the city of Cherny Yar, there is a flat steppe, completely devoid of forest vegetation, in places, as, for example, near the villages of Solodnikov and Vyazovka, cut by deep gullies, in which there is a lot of water flowing into the Volga in spring, and in summer they almost dry, with minor brackish water streams. To the south, the terrain changes and although it seems to be slightly hilly, the elevations are so insignificant that they do not violate the general steppe character of the area. The villages lying along the Stavropol tract occupy the most elevated terrain of the Ch. county, the so-called Ergeni, which descends steeply to the east into the Kalmyk steppe and gently to the west, to the border of the Don Army Region. This area is cut by numerous ravines, in which the current rivers carry a lot of water in the spring, and in the summer they turn into insignificant streams, and therefore the villages lying far from the Volga suffer from a lack of water. At the foot of the Ergeni stretches a number of rather significant lakes, such as, for example, Tsatsa, near which lies the village of the same name. The height of the area occupied by the Chernoyarsk district represents a significant difference in its two halves: off the banks of the Volga, the height of the area is insignificant - 26 feet, in the area along the Stavropol tract it reaches 387 feet near the village of Tundutova, and to the south near the village of Zavetnoye 532 feet above the surface of the Caspian Sea . The geological character of the steppe, adjacent to the Volga, is characterized by sediments of the post-Tertiary system, belonging to the so-called Caspian formation, and consists of alternating clay and sand layers containing fossils belonging to the mollusks now living in the Caspian Sea. The most famous outcrop is located near the city of Ch. Yara is 60³/4 ft and consists, starting at the top, of yellow clay sand 7 ft, dark clay sand 3 1/2 ft, brown clay 3 1/2 ft, brown clay-sand interbeds with shells Dreyssena rostiformis, Monodaena protractra, followed by yellow sand with several layers of clay or gray sand. Below the Caspian rocks lie dark blue shale and shales. The outcrops in Ergeny consist of limestone - white, yellow and reddish ( maetra podolica), under which reddish and gray quartz sandstones occur, and then dark green clays with gypsum. Ch. uyezd is generally poor in minerals; near the village of Chapurniki, millstones are made from sandstones, near the village of Kamenny Yar, limestone comes across, near the village of Solodniki - roofing slate, near the village of Vyazovka - selenite, and in Ergeny - deposits of gypsum, phosphorites, millstone, various salts and partly iron ore. The most fertile soil in Ergeny consists of loess with a thin layer of chernozem containing no more than 6% humus. Near the banks of the Volga, the soil is predominantly clayey-sandy, with the exception of the area lying between the villages of Raigorod and Kolodniki, where the soil of the earth is silty-chernozem, replete with mowing, and from the village of Vyazovka to the borders of Enotaevsky district, chernozem soil with sand or clay comes across.

Water. Chernoyarsk uyezd is poorly irrigated, with the exception of the Volga; there is almost no running water. Of the minor tributaries of the Volga: Sarpa carries the largest number water and during the flood it connects with many lakes lying at the foot of the Ergeni. The rivers Vyazovka and Lubovka, on which there are mills, originate in the Vetlyaninsky mochag (bog); in spring they are turbulent and fast, and in summer they are insignificant streams with brackish water. Of the rivers originating in Ergeny, the most abundant in water are Zagista, Tenguta and Oak Ravine, forming Lake Tengutinskoe, which merges with Lake Sarpinsky. Bolshaya and Malaya Ulasta, flowing into a rather extensive freshwater lake - Tsatsu (having up to 6 sq. versts). At the sole of the Ergeni there are insignificant swampy places (mochagi).

Climate The climate of the county is dry, hot, continental, moisture loss is negligible, in winter short-term frosts are replaced by thaws. Climatic and soil conditions cause poverty in the flora and fauna. There are almost no forests: state forests occupy only 6,052 acres, of which two steppe forestries have a planted forest (about 34 acres).

The population of the Chernoyarsk district lives in 38 villages and towns, to which 215 farms are assigned. At the time of the city census, there were 100,122 inhabitants in Ch. Uyezd; in the 4 most populated villages, there were from 3901 to 4813 souls, in the most sparsely populated village - 566 souls. In terms of population density, Ch. county ranks fourth in the province; it has 8.5 inhabitants per 1 sq. km. verst. All farms in the county 15416, including public 2. In the city there were 83 nobles, clerics of the Orthodox confession 39, Mohammedan 10, honorary citizens 34, merchants 4, petty bourgeois 795, guilds 2, peasants 85237, colonists 1, Cossacks 61, retired lower ranks and their families 7480, foreigners 1167. Orthodox 88729, schismatics 1842, Catholics 30, Lutherans 14, Mohammedans 3095, Lamaists 1695, Jews 4. Great Russians 45449, Little Russians 45122, Poles 30, Germans 14, Tatars 3095, 695 Kalmyks 4 Jews, and a total of 95409 people (47867 men, 47542 women). Peasants-owners, from the former temporarily liable, in 7 villages - 885, owning 10515 acres of land; former state peasants in 38 villages, 20,303 salary souls, having 390,176 acres; free cultivators 1 village of 1280 souls, with 19518 acres of land.

With an abundance of convenient land in the Chernoyarsk district, both for arable farming and for pastures, the main occupation of its inhabitants is agriculture and cattle breeding. The peasants own 768,732 acres of land, including 367,829 acres of land that is convenient, of which only 20% is occupied by arable land. There were 76,797 acres under crops in the city, including:

The peculiarities of sowing grain in Ch. uyezd include an insignificant amount of grain sown, reaching up to 4 poods per tithe for the main varieties of bread - rye and wheat. Ch. county suffers, due to drought, crop failures; often there are years in which grain is cut down for fodder for livestock, but in harvest years wheat will be born by itself - 10 or more. Up to 3200 gardens, under which 643 acres, 3948 vegetable gardens for 832 acres; under melons - 2215 acres. Haymaking land in Ch. Uyezd 319,305 acres; 12,783,335 poods of hay were collected, including 44,089 acres of water meadows, with the collection of 3,375,495 poods of hay on them.

Cattle breeding constitutes an important branch of the peasant economy and the predominant source of income; it contributes to the development of plague, especially in the villages located along the Stavropol tract: fish and salt are brought from the Astrakhan province, and timber and bread are brought from the northern Caucasus. In 1901, there were 170,295 heads of cattle, 11,318 horses, 4,170 camels, 390,688 fat-tailed sheep, 65,864 fine-fleeced sheep, 15,596 goats, and 69,554 pigs.

seasonal fishing developed; in the city, peasants took 135 passport books and 15641 passport forms for up to a year.

handicrafts underdeveloped: in 17 villages they occupy 922 households, with production worth 38,895 rubles. Leather, sheepskin, cart, wagon, cooperage, dried, wool-beaten, tailoring, shoemaking, blacksmithing, manufacturing of mittens, wooden cups, bird stuffed animals, bricks, pots and wheels.

Factory and factory industry insignificant; in the city, in Ch. uyezd, there were factories with a turnover of over 1,000 rubles. - 6, with 31 workers and with a total production of 56,700 rubles, including 2 tanneries, 2 oil mills, one sawmill and 1 artificial mineral water.

Fairs in 17 villages 32; the main subject of bargaining is cattle. Goods were brought () to all fairs for 3,329,637 rubles, and sold for 1,334,071 rubles, including cattle brought in for 1,837,024 rubles, and sold for 795,130 rubles. The most significant fairs are in the villages of Remontny and Zavetny. 1435 certificates and tickets were issued for the right to trade and crafts in the city and county. Number of taxed enterprises 483. Auxiliary cash desk under the Aksai volost government.

Cherny Yar is a village in the north of the Astrakhan region. Administrative center and largest locality Chernoyarsk region. Founded in 1627 on the left bank of the Volga as a fortress to protect the Volga trade route with the name "Cherny Ostrog". In 1634 it was transferred to the right (upland) bank and located on a high ravine. Since that time it has been called Black Yar.

Population - 7,890 inhabitants (2008).

The village of Cherny Yar is located on the right bank of the Volga.

Story

• 1925 - Black Yar was deprived of the status of a city and turned into a village.
• 1782 - the city of Cherny Yar was transferred to the Saratov province.
• 1899 - 7642 people lived in the city of Cherny Yar: 5129 burghers, 1004 Cossacks, 174 Kalmyks.
• 1708 - Black Yar is assigned to Astrakhan called "suburb" as part of the Kazan province.
• 1769 - civil rule was introduced in the fortress.
• 1947 - the village is included in the Chernoyarsk village council of the Astrakhan region from the Stalingrad region.
• 1963 - as part of the Chernoyarsk village council, it was included in the Enotaevsky district of the Astrakhan region.
• 1634 - the transfer of the fortress to a modern place (due to the collapse of the coast). The fortress received a new name - Chernoyarskaya.
• 1919 - Black Yar was transferred to the Tsaritsyn province.
• 1964 - as part of the Chernoyarsk village council, it was included in the Chernoyarsk region ( district center) Astrakhan region.
• 1627 - foundation of the Black Ostrog fortress.
• 1928 - the village was included in the Astrakhan district from the Stalingrad province (in connection with the formation of the district).
• 1721 - all archers of the city turned into Cossacks.
• 1931 - the village was transferred to the Stalingrad region.
• 1873 - The Chernoyarsk city Cossack team was transformed into the Chernoyarsk village. The main occupation of the inhabitants of the village: agriculture, cattle breeding, fishing.
• 1785 - the city of Cherny Yar is again included in Astrakhan province and become the center of the Chernoyarsk district.
• 1717 - Black Yar became part of the newly formed Astrakhan province.

Stanitsa Chernoyarskaya

The Cossack population of the city was the village of Chernoyarskaya of the Astrakhan army.

There is a small village in Russia with interesting history. This is Black Yar. We'll talk about him today.

Story

The village of Cherny Yar is located on one of the banks of the Lower Volga. It was founded around the middle of the seventeenth century. Then the fortress Cherny Ostrog was built, which a little later had to be moved due to the collapse of the river bank. The fortress was renamed Chernoyarskaya.

Here the battle of Stepan Razin with the rebels took place, not far from this place in last time rebels fought along with Soon the village was completely burned down, but was rebuilt again. And in the nineteenth century, residents were forced to move further from the coast due to its significant erosion by the river.

By the end of the 19th century, another fire broke out in Yaru, as a result of which the center of the village burned down. After that, buildings began to be built of brick (shops, shops, bakeries and mansions). Cherny Yar developed and received the status of a city, but was later deprived of it. And again in 1925 it became a village.

Name history

The name Cherny Yar itself consists of two words: Russian "black" and Turkic "yar" (high bank, which is washed away by the river). There is also a legend about the origin of this name. One day, the Astrakhan prince, passing along the Volga River, stopped in the places where the village is now located. The prince went ashore and saw beautiful places. And the bank was so steep and high that the river water seemed dark, almost black. The prince decided that people would live in this place. And he called the place Black Yar.

There are other legends, but it is noteworthy that the word "black" in Russia at that time called everything strange, incomprehensible and mysterious. This word was associated with sorcerers and witches, in which the villagers still believe.

Note to tourists

Some names known to us are also connected with the village of Cherny Yar. For example, the People's Artist of Russia is a singer in this village. Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky and writer Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky, a fan of traveling along the Volga, stayed here.

In this place is also the Peter and Paul Church, which was built in the middle of the eighteenth century. Its peculiarity is that the church, even in Soviet times, was open to people.

Fishing lovers should definitely visit these amazing places. Residents hunt catfish, pike and rare sterlet fish in the Volga.

On the bank of the river, under a cliff, the bones of an ancient bison and a mammoth were found, and later they collected a whole skeleton, which is stored in the Astrakhan Museum. Cherny Yar has its own branch of the museum, which tells about the history of the village and the life of the inhabitants during the Great Patriotic War.

But not only the village is called Cherny Yar. In the Orenburg region there is a "Cherny Yar". On its territory there are comfortable houses, a well-maintained beach and gazebos for relaxing near the river, as well as a bathhouse and a children's "town".

Here you can taste dishes from national cuisine, see oriental dances, go fishing. In winter - go skiing and skating, as well as ride horses through the winter forest. Both adults and children can relax at the base, family holidays are also provided.

In any case, both places should be visited. Each of them will surprise you with something special.