The story of the black yar half-pans. Cherny Yar - a beautiful village in Russia

 

Coordinates: N48 4.35 E46 6.972.

The village of Cherny Yar is located on the right bank of the Lower Volga, in the north of the Astrakhan region. Date of foundation - 1627, it was then that the fortress "Cherny Ostrog" was laid, which was later transferred and renamed the Chernoyarsk fortress due to the collapse of the coast in 1634.

In 1670, a historic meeting between the troops of Stepan Razin and the Astrakhan archers, who went over to the side of the rebels, took place in Cherny Yar. Here, not far from the villages of Cherny Yar and Solodniki, the last battle of the rebels with government troops took place during the peasant war under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. In 1741, the city of Cherny Yar burned down, but was rebuilt again, and was surrounded by a palisade. At the beginning of the 19th century, part of the buildings of the Black Yar collapsed due to intensive erosion of the coast, and the inhabitants had to settle further from the coast.

In 1870, there was another big fire in Cherny Yar, when the central part of the city burned out. After the fire, many brick buildings began to be erected. Mansions, shops, shops, a bakery, a teahouse, and a fire tower were built of brick.

In 1883, on his way from Siberia to a settlement in Astrakhan, N. G. Chernyshevsky stopped in Cherny Yar.

The settlement continued to develop and soon received the status of a city, but in 1925 Cherny Yar was deprived of this status and turned into a village.

Fans of the People's Artist of Russia Nadezhda Babkina know that she was born in the village of Cherny Yar.

Here is the Peter and Paul Church, built in 1741-1750. Thus, this is one of oldest buildings Astrakhan region. Pilgrims know the village of Cherny Yar as the place of residence of the holy lad-hermit Bogolep of Chernoyarsky. According to the story, the pious boy died at the age of 7 from the plague and became the protector and patron of the Black Yar. After Peter I ordered to raze his grave to the ground (because of his popularity among the Old Believers), the villagers built a stone temple and continued to worship Bogolep.

Near the church there is an old cemetery, where both Orthodox Cossacks and those who died not so long ago are buried. A feature of the Church of Peter and Paul is that it never closed, even in Soviet times.

Also of interest is Cherny Yar among archaeologists and paleontologists. In 1996, a resident of the village of Cherny Yar discovered mammoth bones under a cliff at the water's edge of the Volga River. In the same year, a paleontological expedition of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve was organized to Cherny Yar under the leadership of M.V. Golovachev. The result of the expedition to Cherny Yar was a unique skeleton of a mammoth that lived here 250-300 thousand years ago. This Chernoyarsk discovery confirmed the fact that these ancient animals inhabit the territory of the Astrakhan region. The restored complete skeleton of a mammoth is the main exhibit of the paleontological exhibition of the local history museum of Astrakhan. The height of the skeleton from the Black Yar, nicknamed the Musey by the museum staff, is 3 meters, and the length with tusks is 5 meters and 10 centimeters.

But the finds didn't stop there. In 2009, a skeleton of a prehistoric bison was found near Cherny Yar, and in 2010, scientists from the museum-reserve near the village of Cherny Yar again discovered fragments of the skeleton of a trogontherian elephant, or, simply, a mammoth, which were transported to the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve.

Also in 2009, the collection of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve was replenished with the skull of a saiga that lived in the Chernoy Yar region 300 thousand years ago. Paleontologists and scientists have established that the saiga has not changed at all over this period of time. Saigas are one of the few large herbivores of those times that have survived to this day. They survived the mammoth and woolly rhinoceros, wild horses and aurochs.

Employees of the Astrakhan Museum of Local Lore plan to expand the paleontological exhibition after the completion of the overhaul of the building. The exposition will occupy three huge halls. The reconstructed mammoth and bison skeletons found by paleontologists in the Chernoy Yar area will be the most impressive exhibits. A fossilized saiga skull will also take its place in the exposition.

Of course, the village of Cherny Yar also has its own local history museum - a branch of the Astrakhan Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve. There are three expositions in the Chernoyarsk Museum: “History of the Origin and Development of Cherny Yar”, “ natural features Chernoyarsk region”, “Chernoyarsk people in the Great Patriotic War”. Currently, the museum has 2000 exhibits on the nature, history and culture of the Chernoyarsk region, various thematic exhibitions are exhibited, excursions, evenings and events are held.

The city of Cherny Yar has been mentioned in the records of travelers since 1600; it stood on the banks of the Volga, north of Astrakhan, and was part of the system of southern fortresses to protect the Volga trade routes and trade caravans that went from East to West. Several times - after collapses of the coast and fires, the city was transferred half a verst.

The date of the foundation of Cherny Yar is 1627, it was then that the Black Ostrog fortress was laid, which was later transferred and renamed Chernoyarsk fortress in 1634 due to the collapse of the coast. who went over to the side of the rebels. Here, not far from the villages of Cherny Yar and Solodniki, the last battle of the rebels with government troops took place during the peasant war under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. In 1741, the city of Cherny Yar burned down, but was rebuilt again, and was surrounded by a palisade. At the beginning of the 19th century, part of the buildings of the Black Yar collapsed due to intensive erosion of the coast, and the inhabitants had to settle further from the coast.

In 1870, there was another big fire in Cherny Yar, when the central part of the city burned out. After the fire, many brick buildings began to be erected: mansions, shops, shops, a bakery, a teahouse, a fire tower. In 1883, on his way from Siberia to a settlement in Astrakhan, N. G. Chernyshevsky stopped in Cherny Yar. The settlement continued to develop and soon received the status of a city, but in 1925 Cherny Yar was deprived of this status and turned into a village.

Pilgrims know the village of Cherny Yar as the place of residence of the holy lad-hermit Bogolep of Chernoyarsky. According to the story, the pious boy died at the age of 7 from the plague and became the protector and patron of the Black Yar. After Peter I ordered to raze his grave to the ground (because of his popularity among the Old Believers), the villagers built a stone temple and continued to worship Bogolep. Near the church there is an old cemetery where Orthodox Cossacks are buried.

The village is of great value in terms of archeology and paleontology. In 1996, the bones of a mammoth were discovered here, in 2009 - a prehistoric bison, in 2010 - a trogontherian elephant. On this occasion, a branch of the Astrakhan Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve was opened in Cherny Yar, where 2,000 exhibits are presented.

Very little reliable information has been preserved about the temple. The most likely time of construction is the end of the 17th century. Before it, two or three more churches were built on the banks of the Volga, and all collapsed into the water or burned down. Next to the church there is an old cemetery where they are buried as Orthodox Cossacks who died in the wars of the 19th and 20th centuries. They installed a military worship cross.

A feature of the Church of Peter and Paul is that it never closed, even in Soviet times. The cemetery church in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul is interesting in that its floor is made up of elements of cast iron, perhaps this is what saved the temple from fires and preserved it to our time. The ancient floors made of pieces of cast iron have been preserved in the temple, and on the trays of the dome there is a unique painting of the 18th century.

The main temple shrine is the miraculous icon of the holy youth Bogolep. According to legend, his real name was Boris Ushakov. He lived only 7 years. They pray to the youth Bogolep for the health of children.

The address: with. Black Yar, st. Gagarina, 73

The Museum of Local Lore in the village of Cherny Yar is a branch of the Astrakhan Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve and one of the first rural museums in Astrakhan region. Of great historical interest is the museum building itself, built in 1824. Before the revolution of 1917, this white-stone two-story building housed official places, then it was converted into a regional House of Culture. In 1967, at the initiative of local historian Nikifor Matyushkov, the Museum of the Defense of Cherny Yar in 1919 was organized here, which was later renamed the local history museum of the village. To date, the museum has three extensive expositions dedicated to the history of the village: "The history of the emergence and development of Chernoy Yar", "Natural features of the Chernoyarsk region", "Chernoyarsk people in the Great Patriotic War".

The exposition dedicated to the history and life of the village of Chernoyarskaya allows you to trace the most important stages in the history of the village, starting with the founding of the Black Ostrog fortress in 1627. Special attention the exposition is devoted to the architectural appearance of the Black Yar of the 19th century, the culture and life of the villagers. The exposition hall demonstrates the traditional interiors of merchants and peasants' houses, including the "holy corner", a grocery store, a merchant's living room, a rural upper room, a cookery, a household yard, and a parochial school.

The "Hall of Military Glory" is dedicated to the participation of the inhabitants of the village of Cherny Yar in the military campaigns of the Great Patriotic War. The exposition tells about the Chernoyarsk fighter battalion, in which many young girls served, about the bombardment that Cherny Yar was subjected to in 1942, about the Chernoyarsk fish factory, which supplied the army and rear with fish products during the war years. The feat of the Chernoyarsk people who participated in the Battle of Stalingrad deserves special attention: out of 5 thousand inhabitants of the village, no more than two thousand returned home.

In total, the museum has more than 2,000 exhibits on the nature, history and culture of the Chernoyarsk region, various thematic exhibitions are exhibited, excursions, evenings and events are held.

The address: with. Cherny Yar, pl. Lenina, 2

Cherny Yar is of great interest to archaeologists and paleontologists. In 1996, a resident of the village of Cherny Yar discovered mammoth bones under a cliff at the water's edge of the Volga River. In the same year, a paleontological expedition of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve was organized to Cherny Yar under the leadership of M.V. Golovachev. The result was the discovery unique skeleton mammoth, who lived here 250-300 thousand years ago. She confirmed the fact that these ancient animals inhabit the territory of the Astrakhan region. The restored complete skeleton of a mammoth is the main exhibit of the paleontological exhibition of the local history museum of Astrakhan. The height of the skeleton from the Black Yar, nicknamed the Musey by the museum staff, is 3 meters, and the length with tusks is more than 5 meters.

In 2009, a skeleton of a prehistoric bison was found near Cherny Yar, and in 2010, the researchers of the museum-reserve near the village of Cherny Yar again discovered fragments of the skeleton of a trogontherian elephant, or, simply, a mammoth, which were also transported to the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve. Also in 2009, the collection of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve was replenished with the skull of a saiga that lived in the Chernoy Yar region 300 thousand years ago. Paleontologists and scientists have established that the saiga has not changed at all over this period of time. Saigas are one of the few large herbivores of those times that have survived to this day. The fossilized saiga skull and reconstructed mammoth and bison skeletons found by paleontologists in the Cherny Yar area have become the most unique exhibits. Astrakhan Museum of Local Lore.

Cherny Yar is a village in the north of the Astrakhan region. Administrative center and largest locality Chernoyarsk region. Founded in 1627 on the left bank of the Volga as a fortress to protect the Volga trade route with the name "Cherny Ostrog". In 1634 it was transferred to the right (upland) bank and located on a high ravine. Since that time it has been called Black Yar.

Population - 7,890 inhabitants (2008).

The village of Cherny Yar is located on the right bank of the Volga.

Story

• 1925 - Black Yar was deprived of the status of a city and turned into a village.
• 1782 - the city of Cherny Yar was transferred to the Saratov province.
• 1899 - 7642 people lived in the city of Cherny Yar: 5129 burghers, 1004 Cossacks, 174 Kalmyks.
• 1708 - Black Yar is assigned to Astrakhan under the name "suburb" as part of the Kazan province.
• 1769 - civil rule was introduced in the fortress.
• 1947 - the village is included in the Chernoyarsk village council of the Astrakhan region from the Stalingrad region.
• 1963 - as part of the Chernoyarsk village council, it was included in the Enotaevsky district of the Astrakhan region.
• 1634 - the transfer of the fortress to a modern place (due to the collapse of the coast). The fortress received a new name - Chernoyarskaya.
• 1919 - Black Yar was transferred to the Tsaritsyn province.
• 1964 - as part of the Chernoyarsk village council, it was included in the Chernoyarsk region ( district center) Astrakhan region.
• 1627 - foundation of the Black Ostrog fortress.
• 1928 - the village was included in the Astrakhan district from the Stalingrad province (in connection with the formation of the district).
• 1721 - all archers of the city turned into Cossacks.
• 1931 - the village was transferred to the Stalingrad region.
• 1873 - The Chernoyarsk city Cossack team was transformed into the Chernoyarsk village. The main occupation of the inhabitants of the village: agriculture, cattle breeding, fishing.
• 1785 - the city of Cherny Yar is again included in the Astrakhan province and becomes the center of the Chernoyarsk district.
• 1717 - Black Yar became part of the newly formed Astrakhan province.

Stanitsa Chernoyarskaya

The Cossack population of the city was the village of Chernoyarskaya of the Astrakhan army.

The village of Cherny Yar is located on the Volga in the Astrakhan region.

The name of the village Cherny Yar is a combination of two words: one is primordially Russian - “black”, denoting a dark color, and the other, Turkic - “yar”, which translates as “high steep bank washed away by the river”.

There is such a legend. Astrakhan prince, returning by ship along the Volga from his trip to Nizhny Novgorod was forced to stop. The prince went ashore with his retinue, they set up camp. The area was picturesque: a large green meadow surrounded by a birch grove, a steep bank over the Volga, against which river water rushed. The shore was so steep and high that, looking down, it seemed as if the water was completely black. The prince looked at the surroundings and said: “Let there be a settlement in this place in which people will live, and they will begin to work on this fertile land. And the name of this village will be Cherny Yar.

There is a legend among the locals that the name of the village was given in memory of a terrible event that happened at this place a very long time ago. There were several houses on the banks of the river where fishermen lived with their families. Merchants passed by and brought with them a lot of expensive goods. It was already getting dark, and there were rumors that robbers had appeared in these places, so the guests decided to stay for the night in a fishing village.

The hospitable hosts fed the merchants and put them to bed. The robbers knew that the merchants were staying with the fishermen and they had many valuables with them, they waited until the lights went out in all the windows and the people fell asleep. Robbers attacked houses, killed many people, took away wealth, and the bodies were left from the steep bank to the Volga. In the morning, the survivors looked into the water from the shore and saw that it was all black with blood, and from that time the village of Cherny Yar began to be called.

The word "black" has long been called in Russia everything incomprehensible, mysterious, terrible. Often this word was used as a definition of the "activities" of sorcerers and witches, the belief in which the Russian people have survived to this day. Consequently, Black Yar could have received such a name because sorcerers, witches and other "servants" of Satan lived in it. Legends and beliefs can be considered as confirmation of this version, which describe the intrigues of sorcerers who sold their souls to the devil and received magical powers from him for this, causing damage to cattle and sending diseases to people, as well as stories about terrible rituals performed by priests of mysterious Slavic gods and demons, etc. Chernoyarsk old-timers know a lot of such legends, and therefore this place is so often visited by tourists and research expeditions.

Cherny Yar is notable for the fact that it is located in a very picturesque places on the banks of the Volga. locals actively engaged in fishing, catching pike, catfish, roach and even such rare fish as sterlet. Local residents claim that A.N. Ostrovsky, who from childhood was a great fan of traveling along the Volga.

There is a small village in Russia with interesting history. This is Black Yar. We'll talk about him today.

Story

The village of Cherny Yar is located on one of the banks of the Lower Volga. It was founded around the middle of the seventeenth century. Then the fortress Cherny Ostrog was built, which a little later had to be moved due to the collapse of the river bank. The fortress was renamed Chernoyarskaya.

Here the battle of Stepan Razin with the rebels took place, not far from this place in last time rebels fought along with Soon the village was completely burned down, but was rebuilt again. And in the nineteenth century, residents were forced to move further from the coast due to its significant erosion by the river.

By the end of the 19th century, another fire broke out in Yaru, as a result of which the center of the village burned down. After that, buildings began to be built of brick (shops, shops, bakeries and mansions). Cherny Yar developed and received the status of a city, but was later deprived of it. And again in 1925 it became a village.

Name history

The name Cherny Yar itself consists of two words: Russian "black" and Turkic "yar" (high bank, which is washed away by the river). There is also a legend about the origin of this name. One day, the Astrakhan prince, passing along the Volga River, stopped in the places where the village is now located. The prince went ashore and saw beautiful places. And the bank was so steep and high that the river water seemed dark, almost black. The prince decided that people would live in this place. And he called the place Black Yar.

There are other legends, but it is noteworthy that the word "black" in Russia at that time called everything strange, incomprehensible and mysterious. This word was associated with sorcerers and witches, in which the villagers still believe.

Note to tourists

Some names known to us are also connected with the village of Cherny Yar. For example, the People's Artist of Russia is a singer in this village. Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky and writer Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky, a fan of traveling along the Volga, stayed here.

In this place is also the Peter and Paul Church, which was built in the middle of the eighteenth century. Its peculiarity is that the church, even in Soviet times, was open to people.

Fishing lovers should definitely visit these amazing places. Residents hunt catfish, pike and rare sterlet fish in the Volga.

On the bank of the river under a cliff, the bones of an ancient bison and a mammoth were found, and later they collected a whole skeleton, which is stored in the Astrakhan Museum. Cherny Yar has its own branch of the museum, which tells about the history of the village and the life of the inhabitants during the Great Patriotic War.

But not only the village is called Cherny Yar. In the Orenburg region there is a "Cherny Yar". On its territory there are comfortable houses, a well-maintained beach and gazebos for relaxing near the river, as well as a bathhouse and a children's "town".

Here you can taste dishes from national cuisine, see oriental dances, go fishing. In winter - go skiing and skating, as well as ride horses through the winter forest. Both adults and children can relax at the base, family holidays are also provided.

In any case, both places should be visited. Each of them will surprise you with something special.