Many kilometers of driving on a heavy truck, grueling transitions, dangerous swamps and rapids of turbulent rivers ... If you are ready to overcome obstacles, the hardships of a long journey, changeable weather, in order to penetrate into protected places hidden from the idle eyes of the inhabitants, then a trip to the Urals is your adventure. If you want to find yourself in a fabulous park 20 minutes after getting off the train, where gems lie under your feet, it’s almost impossible to get lost, there are paths that are on the shoulder for both children and adults, then traveling to the Urals is your active holiday.

This amazing region, 2.5 thousand km long, connects the Arctic Ocean and the steppes of Kazakhstan. It is deserted and densely populated, frosty and hot, Asian and European - with an amazing polyphony of natural landscapes, climatic zones, artifacts from different eras.

Subpolar Urals: hike to the highest peaks

The subpolar Urals is one of the most interesting places in the region, which began to be explored by travelers back in the 30s. This harsh region is far from the most visited because of the huge distances, which gives it the potential for high categories of difficulty. The climate here is unsatisfactory.

Most of the tourist routes in the subpolar Urals go through the Inta station. From here, private traders in Ural-vakhtovka cars carry out transfers to mountainous areas, for example, to the Zhelanny shelter (located 136 km from the railway station). You can get to it on the local off-road in 8 hours.

From Zhelanny, where mountain quartz is mined, there are trails to the highest peaks Ural Mountains - Narodnaya (1894), Karpinsky (1878), Manarage (1820). Around them there are many routes with amazing mountain landscapes, ridges and passes, turbulent rivers with many channels. Daredevils try their hand at climbing these peaks, as well as a large number of less high mountains and ridges - Saber, Protection, Unapproachable.

Despite the fact that the passes and peaks have categories no higher than 2A, the totality of obstacles and the length of the route determine its 5th category of difficulty.

After all, to see this northern merciless beauty, you need at least 3 weeks. During this time hikers walk or ski more than 300 km.

Rains, fogs, broken roads, marshy swamps, wide floods of rivers, where even fords - up to the middle of the thigh, and even to the waist - are serious summer tests even for well-trained tourists. In winter, it is easier to pass here, unless, of course, skiers are ready for the trail, which in some parts of their trip to the Urals reaches 80 cm, bitter frosts (up to -45 degrees) and gusty winds.

The most favorable period for summer trekking is the second half of July - the first half of August. But even at the height of summer, the change of weather is frequent: the air temperature can fluctuate from 0 to +20 degrees, drizzling rain can be replaced by a downpour, hail and even a snowstorm. Often there are snowfields and glaciers. In summer, up to 1000 mm of precipitation falls, which reduces the passability of tourist trails.

They usually take place in March and April. During this period, significant temperature differences are also noticeable - from 0 to -45.

On the territory of the Yugyd Va National Park, where these natural attractions are located, travelers can wait out the bad weather in shelters, beams, huts, which are sometimes found on the way. The cost of an overnight stay is 200-250 rubles. per person, although more recently, these structures were free shelters for tourists hiking in the Urals.

The exit from the route, as a rule, is carried out through the Aranets pass and the village of Aranets, from where on foot or by boat (by agreement with local residents) you can get to the village of Kontsebor. Goes here 2-3 times a week. public transport(bus) to the city of Pechora or you can catch a ride. Travel time is about 2.5 hours.

There is another “entry point” to the tourist route along the subpolar Urals - the city of Vuktyl, which is popular with water tourists.

Keep in mind! Despite the fact that on the official website of the park "Yugyd Va" tourists are urged to issue a special permit and pay for every day of their stay on its territory, such rent has been repeatedly recognized as illegal by the court and the prosecutor's office. The latest decision of the Vuktyl City Court of the Republic of Komi entered into force on August 6, 2012 and was published on October 24, 2012 in the Siyaniye Severa newspaper.

The activities of the national park "Yugyd Va" are increasingly commercialized every year. And today its management offers services for organizing the transfer of cars, water and by air(by helicopter), publishes and distributes printed and souvenir products, collects fees for the use of shelters, etc. The NP offices are located in the cities of Inta, Pechora, Vuktyl.

Useful articles:

Journey through the Northern Urals: through the Dyatlov Pass to Bolvany Mansi

A trip to the northern Urals is interesting not only for those who are attracted by hard-to-reach places far from civilization, the absence of cities and towns nearby, in general, game and wilderness.

Here is the legendary pass, where in 1959, under unclear and mysterious circumstances, the Dyatlov tourist group tragically died. Today it is called the Dyatlov Pass. And the highlight of these places is the mysterious Manpupuner Plateau with its majestic Mansi Dumplings, whose height is from 30 to 42 meters.

There are also many tourist routes in the Northern Urals in this area. They come here from both Europe and Asia. After all, the Urals is the border of the continents.

In summer, the most convenient (but by no means budget - about 18 thousand rubles for a boat for 6 people) transfer along the Pechora River, usually organized groups deliver it this way. This route is offered by the directorate of the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve, on the territory of which the plateau is located. It is designed for 6 days, starts from Troitsko-Pechersk, from where the participants are taken to the pier (60 km) for a separate fee. This journey through the northern Urals includes, in addition to 200 km. waterway, also 66 km. walking distance to and from Manpupuner. Most of it is occupied by a rather tedious road.

Anyone who wants to make a full-fledged hiking or ski trip to the northern Urals chooses the path that lies from the Ivdel railway station, where the Moscow-Priobye train runs.

From Ivdel, a transfer was arranged to the Auspiya River. Then they go skiing or walking up the river to the Dyatlov Pass, which is located on the Belt Stone Ridge. On the pass there are commemorative plaques reminiscent of the tragic events of 1959.

From here you can go down to the source of the great Pechora River, which in these places is still a stream winding in the taiga forest, and make a radial on the Manpupuner plateau.

If you return the same way, it will be the shortest trip to these sacred places. But it will also take 10 days because of the long distances - about 200 km. And the routes here can be laid for every taste and almost any category of difficulty from 2 to 5.

Keep in mind! Even before the start of your journey through the Urals, you need to issue a pass to the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve. This must be done in advance by sending an application by fax or e-mail to the directorate at least two weeks before the trip. The cost of 1 day of stay on its territory in the summer of 2012 was 650 rubles. You can pay for the pass by transferring money to the account of the reserve.

Although, many tourists prefer an alternative option - paying a fine of 1000 rubles. in place. After all, the number of passes is limited, and on the dates of stay in the reserve indicated in the application, you can simply “not get there”, for example, due to bad weather.

South Ural: Taganay National Park

Taganay - mountain ranges and national park next to Zlatoust, which, in comparison with the wild expanses of the polar and northern Urals, seems to be chamber. However, its area is 568 sq. km, allows you to learn interesting tourist routes along the Urals.

The central entrance to the Taganay Park is located, literally, a 10-minute bus ride or half an hour walk from the railway station, in the village of Pushkin.

You can also enter its territory from Miass, Magnitogorsk or Karabash. If you have a GPS navigator or you read the map well, then you can walk around Taganay without guides. It is much easier to do this in winter than in summer. There are no swamps. Streams and lakes are frozen. Lots of well-trodden blizzard roads.

Taganay is several mountain ranges of which the highest is Big Taganay and its dominant, the most high point park - Kruglitsa (1112). A strong wind creates amazing forms of snow here.

Fanciful rock outcrops in the Valley of Fairy Tales, the Responsive Ridge, the vertical walls of which echo every spoken word, the weather station on the top of the Dalniy Taganay Ridge (1114), from which an unprecedented view opens - these and other picturesque landscapes can be seen while moving on foot or on skis.

There are many category routes 1B-3A in the Taganay National Park for experienced tourists who can put up tents in specially designated places equipped with firewood.

For lovers of "walking" recreation, families with children, 60 km of marked trails and 6 equipped shelters are laid, located at a distance of 7 to 24 km from each other. So hiking in the southern Urals can be done with unprecedented convenience.

Overnight in the houses is paid, from 400 rubles. per person per day, depending on the season and the degree of comfort (although it is very conditional). Also, money is charged for setting up your tent, using the equipped trails and picnic areas with barbecues, etc. In general, the degree of commercialization is rather big, although the entrance to the territory and being in the Taganay National Park is free.

The well-trodden paths, a large number of visitors in winter and summer, can scare away lovers of deaf corners and deserted outskirts. But for those who, yet, are not ready for difficult autonomous distances of hundreds of kilometers or whose team includes small tourists, this is a great option - a trip to the southern Urals with a minimum of risk and load.

Fascinating tourist trip in the Ural Mountains it is simply a paradise for a tourist: rafting, hiking, descents into caves, extreme tourism in the air, on the water and in the mountains. We will help you choose a popular tour or create a new direction, we will give helpful tips and show interesting photo trips and video reports.

Tourism in the Urals

Tourist hiking and water tourism, as well as speleological exploration of caves that allow you to dive into the bowels of our planet and reveal the secrets of the underworld with your own eyes.

How pleasant is the physical fatigue of a mortal body during rest - after a whole day of hiking with a backpack through a green forest, hills or mountains, how many thoughts you change your mind while walking in the natural habitat of a person, which is not an artificial man-made city. Wildlife with springs, rivers, forests and mountains - this is a real cozy home for life.

And now you are so tired in the evening after a delicious dinner with a pleasant heaviness in your stomach, you are sitting near the fire, around which heartfelt conversations are being held, exposing the hearts of people and removing masks from their faces. Then you direct your gaze to the night sky, there, under the firmament, a stunning view opens up - thousands of stars in the darkness of the universe draw mysterious constellations, then the realization comes that for the sake of this moment it was worth going on a hike and enduring difficulties all day on the road. Hiking is quite developed in the Ural region, you can go hiking in summer and winter, as there are many mountains and natural monuments that impress with their splendor and beauty, changing their appearance depending on the season, making the travel route more interesting, unforgettable.

There are also many rivers in the Urals that are suitable for water tourism(for kayaking and rafting), which attract travelers from different countries to get the thrill of overcoming the dangerous rapids of the reservoir, as well as enjoying the contemplation of the amazing landscape. Most of the rivers are of the first and second category of complexity. The rivers are available for rafting from mid-May to September. For speleologists in the Urals, there are many caves and grottoes for which enthusiastic people underground journey compiled speleological routes, some of which are tens or even hundreds of kilometers long. Since the Urals are large and beautiful, we decided to describe routes for walking and water sports tourism, as well as caves for speleologists. This information will be useful for those who like to combine extreme sports and nature tourism.

On request

Combined tours, horse and water trips, walking and water tour

Rafting water trips along the rivers of the Urals

Excursion tours in the Urals

* on request - the tour is conducted for organized groups from 10 people

Ural (from Bashk. үr - hill, Bashk. үral - belt) - a geographical region in Russia, stretching between the East European and West Siberian plains. The main part of this region is the Ural mountain system.

The Urals is located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia and is the border between these regions. The stone belt of the Urals and the adjacent elevated plains of the Urals stretch from the shores of the Arctic Ocean in the north to the semi-desert regions of Kazakhstan in the south in the form of a 100-400 km strip: for more than 2500 km they separate the East European and West Siberian plains.

Territorial division

· Polar Ural

Subpolar Urals

· Northern Ural

Middle Urals

· Southern Urals

The Urals have long amazed and continue to amaze researchers with an abundance of minerals and its main wealth - minerals. In the bowels of the Ural Mountains there are iron, copper ores, and chromium, and nickel, and cobalt, and zinc, and coal, and oil, and gold, and precious stones. The Urals has long been the largest mining and metallurgical base of the entire country. The riches of nature also include forest resources. The Southern and Middle Urals provide the opportunity for agriculture.

This natural region is one of the most important for the life of Russia and its citizens.

Features of nature

The Ural Mountains consist of low ranges and massifs. The highest of them, rising above 1200-1500 m, are located in the Subpolar (Mount Narodnaya - 1895 m), Northern (Mount Telposiz - 1617 m) and Southern (Mount Yamantau - 1640 m) Urals. The massifs of the Middle Urals are much lower, usually not higher than 600-800 m. The western and eastern foothills of the Urals and the foothill plains are often dissected by deep river valleys, there are many rivers in the Urals and the Urals.

The Ural Mountains are old (they appeared in the late Proterozoic) and are located in the area of ​​the Hercynian folding.

Climate

The climate of the Urals is typical mountainous; Precipitation is unevenly distributed not only over the regions, but also within each region. The West Siberian Plain is a territory with a harsh continental climate; in the meridional direction, its continentality increases much less sharply than on the Russian Plain. The climate of the mountainous regions of Western Siberia is less continental than the climate of the West Siberian Plain. Interestingly, within the same zone on the plains of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals natural conditions noticeably different. This is explained by the fact that the Ural Mountains serve as a kind of climatic barrier. To the west of them, more precipitation falls, the climate is more humid and mild; to the east, that is, beyond the Urals, there is less precipitation, the climate is drier, with pronounced continental features.

A couple of centuries ago animal world was richer than now. Plowing, hunting, deforestation have displaced and destroyed the habitats of many animals. Wild horses, saigas, bustards, little bustards have disappeared. Herds of deer migrated deep into the tundra. On the other hand, rodents (hamsters, field mice) spread on the plowed lands. In the north, you can meet the inhabitants of the tundra - reindeer, and in the south, typical inhabitants of the steppes - marmots, shrews, snakes and lizards. The forests are inhabited by predators: brown bears, wolves, wolverines, foxes, sables, ermines, lynxes. Ungulates (moose, deer, roe deer, etc.) and birds of various species are found in them.

Differences in landscapes are noticeable when climbing. In the Southern Urals, for example, the path to the peaks of the largest Zigalga ridge begins with crossing a strip of hills and ravines at the foot, densely overgrown with shrubs. Then the road goes through pine, birch and aspen forests, among which grassy glades flash by. Spruces and firs rise above the palisade. Dead wood is almost invisible - it burns out during frequent forest fires. Swamps can be found on gently sloping places. The peaks are covered with stone placers, moss and grass. Rare and stunted firs, crooked birch trees that come across here do not in any way resemble the landscape at the foot, with multi-colored carpets of grasses and shrubs. Fires at high altitude are already powerless, so the path is constantly blocked by blockages of fallen trees. The top of Mount Yamantau (1640 m) is a relatively flat area, but it is almost impregnable due to the heap of old trunks.

Natural resources

Of the natural resources of the Urals, its mineral resources are of paramount importance. The Urals has long been the largest mining and metallurgical base of the country. And in the extraction of some mineral ores, the Urals ranks first in the world.

Back in the 16th century, deposits of rock salt and sandstone containing copper were known on the western outskirts of the Urals. In the 17th century, quite numerous iron deposits became known and ironworks appeared.

Placers of gold and deposits of platinum were found in the mountains, and precious stones were found on the eastern slope. From generation to generation, the skill of searching for ore, smelting metal, making weapons and art products from it, and processing gems was passed on.

Numerous deposits of high-quality iron ores are known in the Urals (the mountains are Magnitnaya, High, Blagodat, Kachkanar), copper ores (Mednogorsk, Karabash, Sibay, Guy), rare non-ferrous metals, gold, silver, platinum, the best bauxites in the country, rock and potassium salts (Solikamsk, Berezniki, Berezovskoye, Vazhenskoye, Ilyetskoye). There is oil in the Urals (Ishimbay), natural gas (Orenburg), coal, asbestos, precious and semi-precious stones.

The hydropower potential of the Ural rivers (Pavlovskaya, Yumaguzinskaya, Shirokovskaya, Iriklinskaya and several small hydropower plants) remains a far from fully developed resource.

Rivers and lakes

The rivers belong to the basins of the Arctic Ocean (on the western slope - Pechora with Usa, on the east - Tobol, Iset, Tura, Lozva, Northern Sosva, belonging to the Ob system) and the Caspian Sea (Kama with Chusovaya and Belaya; Ural River).

Toponym origin

There are many versions of the origin of the toponym "Ural". An analysis of the language contacts of the first Russian settlers in the region indicates that the toponym, in all likelihood, was acquired from the Bashkir language. Indeed, of all the autochthonous peoples of the Urals, this name has existed since ancient times only among the Bashkirs, and is supported at the level of the language, legends and traditions of this people (epos Ural-batyr). Other indigenous peoples of the Urals (Khanty, Mansi, Udmurts, Komi) have other traditional names for the Ural Mountains, assimilating the name "Ural" only in the 19th-20th centuries from the Russian language.

In the Bashkir language, the toponym "Ural" is recognized as very ancient, probably dating back to the pra-Turkic state. It should be associated with head. үr ~ other Turkic. *ör "height, eminence".[

"Ural" in Bashkir - belt. There is a Bashkir tale about a giant who wore a belt with deep pockets. He hid all his wealth in them. The belt was huge. Once the giant stretched it, and the belt lay across the whole earth, from the cold Kara Sea in the north to the sandy shores of the southern Caspian Sea. This is how the Ural Range was formed.

In Greek books written two thousand years ago, one can read about the distant "Riphean Mountains", where gloomy vultures guard countless golden treasures. The Bashkir folk epic "Ural-Batyr" deserves closer attention, which tells about the progenitors of the peoples of the Urals who survived after the Flood, the conflict that arose and the subsequent struggle of the Urals with their elder brother Shulgan, who chose the path of evil and the settlement of their descendants of the adjacent lands. The main toponyms of the Southern Urals are directly related with the events of the epic. The conflict of life, mercy and the natural principle "the strong eats the weak", the theme of the search for Living Water and personified Death for its subsequent destruction, for the sake of eternal life, the idea of ​​selfless service to people, equality and self-sacrifice for the benefit of others are considered.

The contribution of the Urals to the artistic culture of Russia is not only great, but also remarkably unique. A solid foundation, on which the decorative and applied art of the Urals flourished, was industry, its main centers were factories. The significance of industry in the development of the region and its culture was well understood by contemporaries themselves. In one of the official documents it is written: "Ekaterinburg owes both its existence and its flourishing state only to factories."

With good reason, the Urals can be considered the birthplace of Russian industrial processing of marble, subordinated to the needs of domestic architecture. If we turn to antiquity, then this is primarily folk arts and crafts. For example, carpet weaving, patterned weaving, embroidery, leather processing, vivid examples of which have been preserved in Bashkir folk art. In the museums of the Republic of Bashkortostan, one can directly come into contact with a rich variety of ancient items. Modern artists such as A. Mazitov, D. Suleymanov, T. Sirazhetdinov, G. Kalitov, R. Minnibaev, A. Korolevskiy, Meos, B. Domashnikov, Yu. Aminev and many others.

The introduction in Russia of the institution of entrepreneurship and the Federal Law "On the procedure for leaving Russian Federation and entry into the Russian Federation” dated August 15, 1996 gave a powerful impetus to the generation of large-scale tourist flows.

The Ural region was no exception. Organizations of the tourism industry are being created that provide their services and organize tours in Russia and abroad. Comfortable hotels offer accommodation services for guests of the Urals, both from Russia and foreign tourists and delegations.

The geographical position of the Urals, its natural and economic resources and attractions attract thousands of tourists every year. The focus of activities of enterprises in the tourism sector are regional centers: Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Izhevsk, Orenburg, Kurgan. These cities are attractive both for leisure tourists and for business trips to the region. Since the regional centers represent large industrial formations and the most important transport hubs. Political-administrative, organizational-economic, cultural-educational, scientific-research activities are concentrated in them.

The Ural Mountains are also attractive for visiting guests of the region with their fantasticness and beauty. They separate the North from the South, separate the rivers flowing to the North from the rivers flowing to the South, and are themselves the source of many of them.

Also attract tourists are mines and mines located in the Urals, extracting precious metals and stones. As well as industrial enterprises. But besides this, there are various historical, cultural and scientific sights of the Urals.

For example, the great Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky, after whom the city is named Perm region. As a scientific center, the Urals is famous for its research and design institutes, which are closely connected with the life of the region, as well as Siberia and other regions of our country. All this, all the sights and values ​​of the Urals arouse great interest and attract tourists, as well as expanding business ties and cooperation. Which, in turn, leads to investments in the tourism sector of the Urals.

The tourism sector is an important component of the economic activity of the Urals, as well as Russia as a whole. In light of the current economic difficulties in the country, and directly in the Ural region, due to the reduction of heavy industry enterprises, many people were left without work. Tourism, on the other hand, provides employment for the local population, the loading of hotels and hotels, restaurants and entertainment events, and the inflow of foreign currency.

Since the tourism industry in the Urals is relatively young and developing, a significant amount of effort and effort has been directed to its development. Money. To date, hotels, boarding houses are being built in the Urals, various entertainment establishments are opening. For a better service, to meet the European standard, the aspect of training and education of personnel is very important. Work is underway in the field of cooperation between state tourism enterprises and the private sector in order to carry out the necessary training of personnel.

Thus, tourism is based on the exploitation of local tourist resources, which leads to additional income in the Urals and in the country as a whole.

After a deep economic crisis, which came in connection with the exhaustion of the potential of the socialist system, the collapse Soviet Union and the implementation of systemic economic reforms, the Urals, like the whole of Russia, is embarking on the path of stabilization and economic growth on a new socio-economic basis.

One of the prerequisites for the development of the Ural region is investment in the so-called human capital. Most economists believe that investing in human capital is now more important than investing in physical assets. Since the presence of fixed capital without human capital does not guarantee prosperity.

Resources are another prerequisite. Although natural resources are not regarded as a key factor in economic growth, however, the possession of large reserves of non-renewable resources is a huge advantage over other regions of Russia. High endowment natural resources Ural creates good conditions for the development of a competitive commodity sector.

Resource industries - primarily the production of oil, gas and non-ferrous metals - have the greatest chance of success in the Russian economy. economic development. In the primary sectors, production is falling much more slowly than in the industry as a whole. The production of gas, aluminium, gold and diamonds practically did not decrease. The oil and gas industries are profitable and provide the lion's share of budget revenues in the form of income taxes, rent payments, and export taxes. In general, the raw material sector of the Urals is today the most competitive of all industries and has the best chance of attracting large foreign investment.

The prospects for the development of industry, heavy engineering and light industry, are still at a low level. The revival is possible on a completely new technical basis.

Since the country's economy as a whole faces the most important task - improving the sectoral structure, characterized by a high share of fuel and raw materials industries with a relatively low share of the sector of high-tech, knowledge-intensive industries and services. Then in the most important economic structures of the Urals there is an increase in the share, for example, of the electric power industry, fuel industries, metallurgy, which make up the country's export potential.

In ferrous metallurgy, in the structure of raw materials in the production of steel, the share of steel scrap decreases and the share of a less economical type of raw material - cast iron increases.

In the future, the Ural region is expected to increase output in the fuel and energy complex, metallurgy and the food industry.

In the development of the fuel and energy complex, an increase in the share natural gas, deepening oil refining, gradual increase in coal production, renewal of worn-out power equipment. In the metallurgical complex, structural changes will be associated with the introduction of energy and resource-saving technologies. In mechanical engineering and metalworking, it is planned to expand the production of technological equipment, improve the structure of production of trucks in terms of the type of fuel consumed by increasing the share of vehicles with diesel engines, and expand the production of modern Vehicle etc. In the defense industry, the most valuable elements of the production potential will be preserved and the development of the latest weapons at a limited number of enterprises will be supported. This will preserve the best resources of the military-economic potential of the Ural region.

To maintain the competitiveness of the light industry, a number of measures are planned to reduce costs in the industry and expand the range of its products.

Another prerequisite for the development of the Ural region is the attraction of foreign investment. The prospect of a significant increase in foreign investment is also evidenced by specific facts of the expansion of foreign investors in many sectors of the economy. Significant investment is expected in the gold mining industry. But especially significant investments are made in the oil industry.

The previously issued license - permits for prospecting, exploration and production of minerals - takes the form of an agreement-contract with a clear definition of the rights and obligations of the parties and sanctions in case of violation of the obligations assumed by the person who received the license. Licenses cover the entire cycle - from the study and exploration of resources to their extraction. It is planned to maintain stability of conditions during the entire period of validity of the licenses, regardless of possible adverse changes in tax or other legislation.

Of course, one cannot rule out the fact that not all of the current plans of foreign investors will be implemented. It should also be borne in mind that the expected capital investments, for example, in the extraction of oil and gas will not be realized immediately, but over a number of years.

In general, the most important problem has been and remains the creation of the necessary conditions for free private initiative both in the industrial and production complex, and in the field of agriculture and other areas of activity. What should be achieved in the future.

Introduction

Despite the dynamic growth of tourism in recent years, Russia is still far behind the leading countries in terms of the main indicators of tourism development. Tourism is considered as a source of financial income of the budget system of the Russian Federation, a means of increasing employment and the quality of life of the population, a way to maintain the health of citizens, the basis for the development of the socio-cultural environment and the education of patriotism, as well as a powerful tool for education and the formation of a moral platform for the development of civil society.

Study state of the art tourism in the Russian Federation allows us to draw conclusions about the positive dynamics in the development of this area. There is an increase in domestic and inbound tourist flow.

Russia, due to its unique natural and cultural potential, as well as the interest of foreign tourists as a new destination, has every reason to develop most types of tourism.

1. Development tour. industries at the moment

Over the past few years, recreation in the South Urals has experienced a tourist boom. Actively developing ski resorts, the old ones are being transformed and new sanatoriums, boarding houses and recreation centers are being built. Guests and residents of the region are attracted by picturesque nature, unique healing factors, historical and cultural monuments, Ural cities and settlements. The Southern Urals is considered the land of lakes, of which there are more than 3 thousand. rest in Chelyabinsk region- it is also ecologically clean territories, nature reserves and national parks.

For development domestic tourism in the Chelyabinsk region, it is planned to create zones united by one theme and sights. According to the authorities, tourism should develop according to the cluster system. Emphasis will be placed on different types tourism: recreational, health, ecological, amateur, educational, industrial, event, sports and others. The creation of a tourist cluster in the South Urals was discussed by the guests of the press center of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "South Ural"

At the moment, the Ministry of Culture of the region is preparing an application for inclusion of the project in the federal target program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation for 2011-2018". If the project of the Chelyabinsk region receives federal support, the region will be provided with 1 billion rubles. for the development of tourism

The terrain of the Southern Urals allows you to expand the geography and the very direction of winter tourism, as well as winter sports.

Currently, only 102 sports are cultivated in the Chelyabinsk region, including 17 winter ones, which are practiced by more than 55 thousand people.

The most popular are cross-country skiing - 27 thousand people, ice hockey - 13 thousand people, speed skating - 6.5 thousand people.

In recent years, thanks to the revival of the Spartakiad movement in Russia, new sports have been successfully developed in the region: freestyle, snowboarding, ski jumping, Nordic combined, curling, short track, and mushing.

To date, winter sports have the following material base:

• 10 sports complexes with artificial ice,
• 261 ski lodges,
• 2 ski stadiums,
• 1 biathlon shooting range,
• 17 ski centers,
• 380 hockey rinks, more than 300 skating rinks for mass skating.

The unified regional calendar plan of mass sports events and sports competitions provides for holding 400 winter sports events during the year. This includes the regional sports competitions of students "Olympic Hopes of the Southern Urals", sports competitions of students and students of primary, secondary and higher vocational education institutions, rural youth "Uralskaya Metelitsa", orphanages and boarding schools, among the disabled and the elderly.

In recent years, mass events have been revived, including the Ski Track of Russia, where from 30 to 40 thousand people participate, the Golden Puck, Snow Ball, Silver Skates tournaments, ski races for the prizes of the Council of the Ural Ski Battalions and annual competitions for the prizes of the four-time Olympic champion in biathlon "V.Tikhonov's Ski Track", in the village of Uyskoye.

Work on the preparation of a sports reserve for winter sports is carried out in 65 sports schools and specialized departments with a number of 17,106 people involved. top scores show the South Urals in the following directions: speed skating, hockey, representatives of alpine skiing, freestyle, snowboarding, curling.

The 1st Spartakiad of Russian students left a bright mark in the memory of the residents of the Chelyabinsk region as a major sporting event and the result of fruitful work to strengthen the material base, purchase equipment and inventory for the development of winter sports. At the expense of the federal budget and other sources of financing for sports facilities and sports schools, inventory and equipment were purchased in the amount of more than 40 million rubles.

Chelyabinsk region, which has good experience holding major sports events, and for the results achieved in youth sports, the right to hold the I Winter Spartakiad of the Youth of Russia, which starts in a month in 6 cities of the region, was entrusted. According to the decision of the Governor of the Chelyabinsk region, 34.7 million rubles were allocated for the purchase of equipment and inventory, the repair of sports facilities. Expenses from the federal budget for the preparation and organization of the Games will amount to 50 million rubles.

All sports equipment: ice machines, snow groomers for training ski slopes, snow cannons, equipment for bandy, alpine skiing, biathlon, luge and skeleton sledges and other equipment are transferred to sports facilities and children's sports schools.

Olympic preparation. More than 15,000 athletes from 30 regions of the country conduct training camps in the ice palace, more than 40 competitions and other events are held a year. Up to 500 thousand people use mass skating services during the year.

The development of physical culture and sports, including winter sports, largely depends on the position of the heads of municipalities. In cities and districts, new forms of physical culture and health improvement work are emerging, programs and comprehensive plans for improving the health of the population are being adopted. In Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Satka, Plast, Chebarkul and other territories, the construction of sports grounds, hockey courts, ice towns is being actively carried out.

At present, the task is to revive and create conditions for active rest South Ural residents through the construction of illuminated ski slopes and other low-cost facilities on co-financing terms. For these purposes, 25 million rubles were allocated from the regional budget and in 2017 in 15 municipalities similar objects will appear.

2. Winter tourism industry

The tourism industry of the Chelyabinsk region consists of 17 ski centers, of which the most developed are: Abzakovo, Metallurg-Magnitogorsk, Adzhigardak (Asha), Zavyalikha (Trekhgorny) and Solnechnaya Dolina (Miass), which is included together with sports - tourist complex "Golden Beach" national park sports and tourism "Turgoyak". The park is constantly developing, in 2015 the investment amounted to 300 million rubles, the planned investment by 2016 is 1.2 billion rubles. Up to 180 thousand people visit the center annually, the volume of services for the past year amounted to 150 million rubles. In the future - the creation of an international level infrastructure for competitions, outdoor activities, tourism and health improvement with a visit of up to 350 thousand people a year.

Ski center "Abzakovo" includes 13 ski slopes with artificial lighting and developed infrastructure, with a total capacity of 5 thousand people per hour. In 2015, the number of visitors amounted to 222 thousand people living not only in the Chelyabinsk region, but also in many other areas of the country.

In recent years, thanks to active advertising and information activities, the Chelyabinsk region has become attractive for tourists from other regions of Russia. Participation in numerous domestic and foreign exhibitions, conducting promotional tours around the region, making films, regular coverage of tourist resources in central media mass media allowed to change the attitude towards the Chelyabinsk region. Every year the flow of tourists, including foreign ones, increases and currently amounts to about 80 thousand people a year. According to the results of 2015, the region was awarded the Golden Crown prize in the nomination "Development of inbound tourism" of the international award "Tourist Industry Leaders".

Sports tourism in the region is carried out in 885 associations, centers and stations of young tourists, the number of those involved is more than 15 thousand people. More than 2 thousand hikes are held annually, in which up to 25 thousand people participate, 56 tourist routes have been created.

6 universities, 2 colleges and 2 branches of SUSU in the branch of the Moscow International Academy of Tourism are engaged in training personnel in the field of the tourism industry. 600 people study at SUSU, 350 people at UralGUPC. Student conferences and exhibitions on various topics of tourism are held 2-3 times a year. The Chelyabinsk Region is the initiator of the Russian Student Olympiad "Tourist Mecca", which is held annually at SUSU with the participation of representatives from many regions of Russia.

In order to further effective work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population of the region, organization of leisure, involvement of young people in mass physical culture and sports, it is planned to carry out:

• - development of the law of the Chelyabinsk region "On physical culture and sports" in a new edition;
• - development of the law of the Chelyabinsk region "On tourism" in terms of accreditation of tourist and recreational centers of the Chelyabinsk region";
• - further strengthening of the material and technical base of physical culture and sports: including the construction of an ice palace in Chelyabinsk, a biathlon complex and a ski stadium in Zlatoust, sports complexes with artificial ice in the cities of Satka, Chebarkul, Snezhinsk, illuminated ski slopes in 15 municipalities;
• - increase in the number of children and adolescents involved in winter sports in sports schools up to 14.5% of their total number;
• - to ensure high-quality training of South Ural athletes for the national winter sports teams of Russia, to win at least 320 medals at all-Russian and international competitions;
• - to bring the number of employees employed in the tourism sector to 14.5 thousand people.

Southern Urals - perfect place for winter outdoor activities. The winter here is frosty and snowy, and the mountains covered with a white blanket shine in the sun, striking with their grandeur and beauty. An exotic journey on a horse-drawn sleigh or on horseback along forest and mountain paths passes through snow-covered spurs and ridges.

Rest in the Urals has become "returnable" for many tourists. And this is not surprising. The beauty of the Ural land is multifaceted. It is not possible to comprehend all the attractiveness of the Urals in one trip. Tours to the Urals will introduce you to this beauty. Starting from the southern part, the natural treasures of the Urals open up.

Geographical position: The Urals is located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. The main part of the region is the Ural mountain system. Includes Southern Urals, Middle Urals, Northern Urals, Subpolar Urals and Polar Urals.

You can feel all the delights of a real Russian winter only in the Southern Urals! Rest in the Urals in winter consists not only in admiring the fabulous winter landscapes, but also in getting to know the rich national traditions of the indigenous population while visiting small ancient Ural cities. It will also be a good idea to relax by taking up active sports or making an unforgettable horse-skiing trip. The Southern Urals seem to be specially created for a good winter pastime.

Conclusion

In winter, the main entertainment of the Urals who love outdoor activities and tourists who come to the Urals is riding skiing. In the Urals, as in any mountains, there is where to ride. There are many ski slopes for every taste, many of them are equipped with the latest technology. You can find trails for both professionals and those who are new to skiing or snowboarding. Outdoor activities will be remembered for a long time.

In the Urals, there are more than five dozen ski centers with a total length of more than 200 kilometers. The leaders in terms of number are Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions.

By the length of the slopes, the largest ski centers in the Urals.

It is also possible to note the development of other types of winter active recreation. Great growth and interest of tourists from different regions. The general increase in lovers of active and passive recreation among schoolchildren, students and youth.

Every year the Southern Urals rapidly develops the tourism sector and especially winter tourism.

Therefore, one can conclude that the Southern Urals is a promising direction for the development of winter tourism.

Bibliography

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• 2. Alexandrova A. Yu. International tourism: Textbook / manual for universities. Moscow: Aspect Press, 2001.
• 3. Alexandrova A. Yu. The structure of the tourist market: Textbook / manual for universities. M.: Solo-Press, 2002.
• 4. Ananiev M.A. International tourism. - M.: International relations