Indianapolis population. Unique Indianapolis or "big village" Indy, in which you want to live
Indianapolis is not only the capital of the state of Indiana, but also the most important center of the automotive industry with several famous race tracks, as well as one of cultural centers countries where the most popular festivals and events take place. In addition, the architecture of the city combines beautiful modern buildings and buildings of past centuries, magnificent squares and large-scale park areas. Also, due to the numerous historical attractions, Indianapolis is very popular among tourists from all over the world.
Region |
Indiana, Marion County |
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Population |
784,242 people (2004) |
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Population density |
822 people/km2 |
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American dollar |
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Timezone |
UTC-4 in summer |
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Postal code |
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International dialing code |
Climate and weather
Indianapolis is dominated by a temperate continental climate with a clear division of all four seasons. Summer here is characterized by hot weather ( +21...+26 °C) and relatively high humidity. And winter in this region pretty cold ( -3...+1 °C), with an average annual rainfall of about 10020 mm.
Nature
Indianapolis is located in central Indiana, which is located on midwestern usa BUT . The White River flows within the city, the relief is quite even and uniform. Although it is worth noting that in the urban environs you can see a variety of types of relief: from gently sloping plains to rugged terrain with ravines.
Attractions
Indianapolis is rich in architectural sights and various museums, so the excursion program here is quite rich. One of the main architectural monuments city is the Indiana State Capitol, which is beautiful building in the Renaissance style. Moreover, it is open for visits, and the entrance to its territory is free. Another major tourist attraction in Indianapolis is the large-scale cathedral. Scottish Rite, which has become the location of several exhibition and concert halls. It is also worth paying attention to the mansion Benjamin Harrison, which is now converted into a popular museum, the main exhibits of which are books.
Among other interesting places and buildings of Indianapolis, it is worth noting the majestic square monuments with a monument to soldiers and sailors who died in the 20th century, Theater Center Madame Walker,Var-Memorial-Plaza, concert venues of the symphony orchestra and opera, as well as a huge park Eagle Creek.
In addition, a visit to the Arts Center with 13 art studios, 3 exhibition galleries, a library and concert hall. Well, you can get acquainted with the history of the state and the city at the Indiana State Museum. It is also recommended to visit Children's Museum, the Colonel Eli Lilly Civil War Museum, the Museum of Medicine and the Museum of the American Indian and Western Art.
Nutrition
In Indianapolis, there are no problems with finding a suitable restaurant at all, as the city is simply replete with a wide variety of cafes, eateries, bistros, bars and restaurants offering to taste almost any cuisine in the world - from European to Chinese. In addition, there are many small pizzerias and fast food establishments where you can have a sandwich, hot dog, hamburger or crispy potato for a very inexpensive meal. Indianapolis is also famous for its restaurants. national cuisine, where the main menu items are charcoal beef steak, rare roast beef, baked potatoes, stuffed turkey, corn casserole and an apple and celery salad called "Waldorf". In addition, Italian cuisine had a strong influence on the culinary features of the city, so you can often find closed pizza, fried ravioli, etc. here.
For dessert, local culinary specialists also offer a large selection of treats: waffles with maple syrup, blueberry and apple pies, chocolate brownies and cakes, puddings, donuts and muffins (small cupcakes). Well, after dessert, it is customary to drink a cup of coffee with cream or milk. Drinks such as Coca-Cola, ginger beer, cold unsweetened tea with lemon and ice, milkshakes and various juices are also ubiquitous. If we talk about alcohol, then in local bars and restaurants you can easily find literally any alcoholic drink, even the most exotic one.
Accommodation
Works in Indianapolis a large number of hotels and inns offering rooms for every taste and budget. There are both luxurious luxury establishments, for example, The Villa Inn Restaurant & Spa(from $ 200), and budget options for budget travelers: Indy Hostel(from 25 $) , Americas Best Value Inn-Indy South(from 34 $) and others.
In addition, the city has many hotels of the middle price category, which are designed for the bulk of tourists - Americas Best Value Inn-Indy South(from $46), Ramada Inn Indianapolis East(from $50), Wingate by Wyndham Airport(from $67) many others.
Entertainment and recreation
Indianapolis is ready to offer its guests a lot of options for an exciting and unforgettable pastime. Main Feature city is an abundance of entertainment complexes and the most beautiful parks which makes it ideal for family vacation. First of all, it is recommended to visit a beautiful tropical park. "Paradise of butterflies" home to many species of exotic butterflies and miniature birds. In addition, the park has a huge number of walking paths and a picnic area. Also worth a stroll huge park Fort Harrison, on the territory of which there are sports grounds, play areas for children, walking and cycling paths, as well as special places for fishing. A visit to the local zoo will be no less interesting. Indianapolis Zoo where you can see elephants and bears, dolphins and zebras, giraffes and rhinos, as well as other species of rare animals from all over the Earth. Well, wine connoisseurs will enjoy a tour of the city winery Buck Creek Winery. Moreover, on its territory there is a large store with a huge selection of a wide variety of wines and, of course, a tasting room.
Indianapolis will not disappoint fans of nightlife, for whom trendy clubs and noisy bars open their doors every night. Moreover, live music is especially popular in the city, so the question of finding an institution where jazz or blues is played will not be difficult here.
Indianapolis is famous for its many mass festivals and events, so there is a festive atmosphere here literally all year round. For example, the city hosts the famous car race Indy 500 which attracts a huge number of fans from all over the world.
Events such as the wine festival are also popular. Vintage Indiana Wine & Food Fest, indian festival Eiteljorg Indian Market, International Film Festival, Gathering of Gamers, African-American Festival Indiana Black Expo Summer Celebration, festivals Rib America Fest and Oktoberfest, Irish Festival, African American Football Tournament and Grand Festival Bands of America Grand Nationals.
Purchases
Indianapolis has a wide variety of stores, shopping centers, boutiques and supermarkets, so shoppers will definitely like it here. One of the most popular shopping centers in the city is Castleton Square Mall. This is not surprising, because within its walls there are a huge number of clothing stores of such popular American brands as H&M, Gap, Limited, American Eagle, Ann Taylor Loft, Hollister and others. In addition, there are jewelry and perfume shops and fashionable European boutiques and shops. And here you can not only enjoy a wide selection of purchases, but also have a nice rest in one of the restaurants or in the cinema. Among other large shopping centers it is worth noting Circle Center and Glendale Town Center.
We also recommend taking a walk along the street Massachusetts Avenue, where numerous shops, boutiques, art galleries and souvenir shops are located. The Indianapolis City Market, the city's main market, is also worth a visit. Its vendors offer fresh produce and a wide variety of goods. Well, sweet tooth needs to visit the market Goose Market, famous throughout the state for its colossal selection of sweets and all kinds of confectionery.
When visiting stores, you must remember that on all price tags the cost of goods is indicated without taxes. Therefore, when paying for purchases, a tax fee is automatically added to their cost.
Transport
In Indianapolis, the main type of urban public transport are city and suburban buses. They travel quite often and strictly adhere to the schedule, and the cost of one trip within the city is about $ 2. Also here, as in almost any major American city, you can always use a taxi or rent a car.
In addition, it is very convenient to move around the city on a bicycle, which can also be rented. Well, if you do not want to pedal, it is recommended to use the services of a cycle rickshaw.
Connection
For international calls, it is recommended to use one of the pay phones installed in all main streets, as well as in government offices and shopping centers. They work on small coins (cents) and telephone cards, which can be bought at newsstands and post offices. You can also make any call from a hotel, some restaurants and bars, however, in this case, the cost of a call can be an order of magnitude higher.
Cellular coverage in Indianapolis has even coverage and is different high quality. Roaming is available to all subscribers of major operators, but the tariffs for calls are quite high. Therefore, for calls within the country, it is recommended to purchase an American SIM card.
Internet access is provided in most hotels, as well as in many public places ( WiFi i).
Security
In Indianapolis, the level of security is at a quite acceptable level, and numerous police patrols guard the peace of the townspeople.
Business climate
Indianapolis is the third largest city in the US Midwest and the capital of Indiana. On the this moment Indianapolis is rightfully considered a major financial, industrial and commercial center of the entire country, as well as the largest automotive center in the region. In addition, the headquarters of several important national corporations are located here ( Eli Lilly and Company, ATA Airlines, Peerless Pump Company and etc.).
The property
Not so long ago, according to one large-scale study, Indianapolis real estate was recognized as the most affordable among all major cities in the United States. Moreover, analysts were based on such factors as the cost of housing, average income and mortgage rates. It is worth noting that the Indianapolis real estate market has always been famous for its stability and low prices.
Moreover, at the moment there is a slow growth in sales of residential real estate, which increases the competitiveness of this market. Well, Indianapolis residential real estate prices start at $120,000.
Indianapolis is one of the largest industrial and economic centers of the US Midwest, ranking third after Chicago and Detroit. It is the capital of the state of Indiana.
What to see in Indianapolis
Since there are a lot of museums and architectural sights in the city, the excursion program is very extensive. The Indiana State Capitol is one of the main monuments, which is a building in the Renaissance style. The Capitol is open to the public; you can enter its territory completely freely.
Another object that tourists are sure to get acquainted with is the Scottish Rite Cathedral, where concert and exhibition halls are located.
Those interested in the history of the American Indians will be interested in visiting the Eiteljorg Museum of American Indiansand Western Art.
Indianapolis honors the memory of Americans who died in various wars. In this regard, the memorial to soldiers and sailors built at the end of the 19th century is very interesting, striking in its size. An interesting fact: the city had a law according to which all other buildings should not exceed the height of the memorial. This rule was only broken in 1962.
At the American Legion National Headquarters, there is a Museum that displays interesting artifacts from two World Wars. And The War Memorial Plaza memorial was erected in memory of all the soldiers who participated in wars from the day the United States was formed to the present.
Restaurants and cafes in Indianapolis
There are no problems with food in the city. There is a real abundance of eateries, bars, cafes, bistros and restaurants, which represent cuisines from literally all over the world. You can have a quick and inexpensive meal in numerous pizzerias and fast food establishments.
Ethnic restaurants are very popular in Indianapolis, where the menu includes such famous dishes as rare roast beef, grilled beef steak, stuffed turkey, baked potatoes, corn casserole and Waldorf salad with celery and apples. Italian cuisine also has a very noticeable influence, which is why fried ravioli, closed pizza, etc. are often found in Indianapolis.
Local desserts will impress the sweet tooth. Especially popular are apple and blueberry pies, waffles with indispensable maple syrup, puddings, muffins, donuts, chocolate cakes and pastries. After dessert, a cup of coffee with milk or cream is traditionally served.
Of the cold drinks, ginger beer, Coca-Cola (how could it be without it!), Cold tea with lemon and ice, juices, milkshakes are common. As far as alcohol is concerned, local restaurants and bars offer literally any kind of drinks, including the most exotic ones.
What is the best way to get to Indianapolis
Indianapolis International Airport is located eleven kilometers from the city center. Flights depart from here to the largest American cities, Toronto and Kunkun. From Russian capital you can fly to Indianapolis by Aeroflot, Air France, KLM, Iberia, SAS, etc. Ticket prices depend on the airline, departure point, season, and availability of sales.
From major US cities, Indianapolis can be reached by train, intercity bus, car.
With railway station The city has a train to Chicago every day, and three times a week - a Washington-Chicago train. There is a bus station not far from the train station.
Indianapolis is an important highway junction. Several interstate highways and expressways run through the city.
Urban transport
Indianapolis is one of the largest American cities without a subway. The main form of public transport is urban and commuter buses(28 routes), which travel frequently in strict accordance with the schedule. One trip within the city limits costs about two dollars.
You can hire a taxi or, as in any city in the US, rent a car. It is very convenient to get around Indianapolis by bike, which can also be rented without any problems. It is both environmentally friendly and very convenient in terms of self-study attractions. For those who do not want to personally pedal, cycle rickshaws will always come to the rescue.
Hotel prices and shopping
The issue of accommodation in Indianapolis is solved quite simply. There are a lot of hotels and hotels in the city where you can rent a room depending on your preferences and financial capabilities. There are also luxury establishments where a room costs from $200 (for example, The Villa Inn Restaurant & Spa), and budget-class options with rooms for $25 (Indy Hostel) and $34 (Americas Best Value Inn-Indy South), suitable for budget travellers.
In addition, there are hotels with average prices designed for most city guests. In particular, Americas Best Value Inn-Indy South offers rooms from $46, Wingate by Wyndham Airport - from $67, etc.
Shopping lovers will love Indianapolis. The city has a huge number of shopping centers, supermarkets, boutiques and shops. Castleton Square Mall is one of the most popular centers where, in addition to clothing stores and European boutiques, there are perfume and jewelry stores. Here you can not only enjoy shopping, but also have a bite to eat in a restaurant or visit a cinema. No less popular are Glendale Town Center and Circle Center.
Massachusetts Avenue has many souvenir shops and art galleries. At the main city market, Indianapolis City Market, you can buy fresh products, and for sweets and candies, go to Goose The Market.
When shopping in Indianapolis stores, please note that prices are excluding taxes. When paying, the tax fee is added automatically.
Entertainment in the city
Indianapolis is known for its mass events and various festivals, including:
- Indy 500 (a one-day car race that attracts fans from all over the world);
- a culinary festival where wines and gastronomic masterpieces are tasted, courses of cooks are held in the open air;
- festival of Indian culture and history;
- a festival where lovers of alcohol, German sausages and pork ribs can fully come off;
- football tournament, where African-American teams participate;
- festival of the best creative teams of the country.
Indianapolis is a city where ancient traditions and Hi-tech, a place where neither businessmen nor tourists will be bored.
The third point of my trip to the States was Indianapolis. In addition to tourist New York, Chicago and Washington, I definitely wanted to see what unbroken America looks like - those places where there are no tourists at all. Indianapolis was just on the way from Chicago to Washington. Indianapolis is the capital of the state of Indiana. The state of Indiana is agrarian, the landscapes of nature reminded me very much of landscapes Odessa region. You look out the bus window - as if in Ukraine. Nature is no different. The trip from Chicago took about five hours. By the way, at the station in Chicago hung a sign with a weather forecast "Tornado". I thought it was a joke. But on the way there were such rains and hurricanes that it was not far from a tornado. I asked the Americans if they close the highways in the event of a tornado. The answer was simple: no, everyone rides at their own risk and fear. That is, if you got into a tornado zone, then it's your own fault. And this is one of the most developed countries in the world? I doubt that in Scandinavia or Austria / Switzerland, with the risk of avalanches, they would allow driving on the highways. But here, as they say, Welcome to America!
A few words about transport in the USA. Basically everyone drives cars. Those who are not in cars fly by plane. And someone, like us, takes buses between cities. While traveling in America, we traveled by Greyhound buses, the most expensive ones. I don't know what they look like cheap buses low-cost airlines, but Greyhound is disgusting in every way. Dirty, shabby buses often came across. I generally keep quiet about the contingent that rides them. Very ambiguous. Traveling alone would be uncomfortable. Bus stations are in a disgusting state, toilets are worse than many Asian countries. Nobody cares about cleanliness here - neither the Americans nor the cleaning staff. But back to Indianapolis. The city center, like in many American cities, is a continuous accumulation of skyscrapers. After Chicago and architectural masterpieces, the center of Indianapolis obviously does not impress. For example, look at what a stadium looks like in a city. I have never seen such ugliness in Europe!
The strangest thing about Indianapolis is the huge number of monuments dedicated to civil war in the USA. Moreover, as the locals told me, the war did not take place here even close. Why the state of Indiana has set up so many monuments on this subject no one knows. Prices in Indianapolis are a little cheaper than Chicago, about one dollar. It doesn't matter much, it's still expensive compared to European countries. If you want to save money - go to Subway, Pizza Hut or numerous Taco establishments. By the way, Subway has a deal of the day - for $3.50 you can eat half a large sandwich. Every day a different sandwich. Very cheap to buy compared to regular prices.
Willy-nilly, I find myself thinking that while writing this article, every time I tend to write something general about life in the States, and not about the city itself. And what about Indianapolis? To be honest, there is not much to write. Most beautiful place- a small park near the river overlooking the Downtown. Here you can have a picnic and watch how the Americans relax. Someone lies in hammocks, someone rides bicycles, and someone also made a picnic. The choice of entertainment in Indianapolis, to put it mildly, is not a fountain. By the way, let me remind you that in the States it is forbidden to drink alcohol at picnics. As for me, an idiotic law that restricts the rights of people. The fact that in many cities of the country the air is saturated with the smell of weed does not particularly bother the authorities, but drinking a bottle of beer is already a crime. Is weed more harmless than beer? American logic defies explanation.
If you pass through footbridge in the city center, you will go straight to the park "Stones". I forgot the exact name and Google Maps doesn't show it either. But you won't get lost - the entrance is right in front of the bridge. Given that the sights in the city, like a cat cried, we decided to take a walk in this park. The park is another example of the notorious American logic. So, on both sides of the narrow road there are stone walls. In the middle of the road. Everyone is going straight. One kilometer. Second. The third. Fourth... The landscape does not change. We freaked out and turned back. How can you call a stupid road to nowhere many kilometers long a park? On the way to the center you can watch the "White River". Although judging by the color of the water, the name "Brown River" would be more appropriate. But the Indians were of a different opinion.
Realizing that there was nothing to catch in the city, we went to see how the suburbs live. The suburbs of the capital of Indiana - a separate conversation. Transport runs once an hour, and on weekends it may not go at all. If you don't have a car - forget about comfort! Sometimes there is not even a footpath to walk along the road. In my opinion, it's just disgusting. And if a person does not know how to drive a car, does not have money for a taxi, or just likes to walk? Is it possible to respect the rights of pedestrians? In the States, a different opinion. Or you will drive a car, or you can simply be knocked down on the roadway - since there is simply no road for pedestrians in many areas. Pay attention to the photo on the right. There is nowhere to go. True, we were still lucky on this section of the road: on the left there is a minimal opportunity to pass not on the carriageway. Many other roads don't have that luxury! Now remember what sidewalks look like in the European Union. Feel the difference?
Houses in the countryside look very rich. American flags hang everywhere. Everything is neat, clean and tasteful. One house is more beautiful than the other. It's just that there is such deathly silence around that it becomes uncomfortable. Life in such a place would suit one hundred percent phlegmatic people, but even for me, with my calm temperament, it was incredibly boring here. At the age of 60, I would love to live in such a place. But during youth, you can just wither away. Of the entertainment for young people, there are only numerous bars. Even in the state of Indiana, there are a lot of alcohol stores, which is immediately very striking compared to other states. By the way, with very tasty Pale Ale beer. Here it is, Indianapolis and its suburbs.
Overall score: 11/30
Attractions: 2/5
Prices: 2/5
Architecture: 1/5
Safety and comfort: 2/5
Transport: 1/5
Climate: 3/5
Let me summarize. Is non-tourist America interesting? Definitely not. This is not Europe for you, where you go, for example, to Brno or Rotterdam, and then return with a state of shock - how much these cities surprised you with their beauty. Forget! America and Europe are two huge differences. In non-tourist America, you will see a dozen boxes in the city center, like in Indianapolis, streets and houses of the same type. Nothing special. Indianapolis is the most uninteresting of all the cities in the States that I have seen. There is absolutely nothing to see there. Is that a couple of museums to walk. True, museums can be visited in more interesting cities. But there is also a plus in visiting such cities. You can't make a picture of life in the US by major cities. The states are very different from each other, and to understand how the country as a whole lives, you must definitely look at cities like Indianapolis.
Indianapolis, or "Indy" for short. At the moment, about two million people live in the city, it is rightfully considered a large city in Indiana. The top 20 cities in the United States include Indianapolis by population.
In 1898, a memorial was erected in the state, the height of which is 87 meters. In downtown Indy rises Monument Circle dedicated to military soldiers and sailors. Later Chase Tower was built - one of tall buildings Indiana and the skyscraper One Indiana Square.
Central areas that attract tourists are advantages cultural life cities and generalize them into 6 blocks: The Whole Sale District, Canal and White River State Park, Broad Ripple Village, Fountain Square, Indiana Avenue, Massachusetts Avenue.
The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument is located in Indy and was erected in honor of the military who served America. The first idea of the building was a monument to Indiana soldiers who died in the First World War. But construction was completed only in 1951, the Great Depression was to blame for everything, it was for this reason that construction was frozen. The Mausoleum of Mausolus was a model for the construction of The War Memorial and is currently listed as a wonder of the world.
Indianapolis is filled with city parks, there are about two hundred of them, Eagle Creek Park is considered the largest. The Indianapolis Zoo is located in one of the city's parks. Despite the fact that Indianapolis is big cities USA, it does not have its own subway.
The famous and very large-scale event in the world of motorsport takes place annually in Indianapolis. The major world event "Indy 500" lasts only one day, but these legendary auto races are known all over the world. Initially, the track for this event was paved with 3 million bricks, which is why it was called the "brick", now the track has an asphalt surface, but without changing the tradition, the first yard of the start line is paved with bricks. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway track, where these sports events are held, receives 260,000 fans.
Indianapolis is saturated with a military atmosphere, as evidenced by the memorials erected in the city. But once a year, this city turns into a buzzing swarm of car engines, and this cannot but please motorists.
Indianapolis city on USA map
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USS Indianapolis (CA-35)
Historical data
general information
EU
real
dock
Booking
Armament
Air group (after modernization)
- 2 seaplanes OS2U kingfisher.
Artillery of the main caliber
- 3×3 - 203mm Mark 9 guns.
Flak
- 8 × 1 - 127 mm guns;
- 8×1 - 12.7mm M2 Browning.
Ships of the same type
USS Indianapolis (CA-35)(rus. "Indianapolis") - a ship of a series of heavy cruisers of the type Portland, the second in a series. Named after the American city of Indianapolis, the capital of the state of Indiana. Took part in World War II. Killed by torpedoing by a Japanese submarine in 1945. The ship received 10 battle stars for service during the war.
General information
heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis was the flagship of United States Navy Admiral Raymond Spruance, who commanded the 5th Fleet in combat in the Central Pacific during World War II. The sinking of the ship in 1945 resulted in the largest single loss of personnel in the history of the US Navy. On July 30, 1945, after delivering parts to create the first atomic bomb to the Tinian Air Force Base, the cruiser was torpedoed by the Japanese submarine I-58, and sank completely after 12 minutes. Of the 1,196 crew members on board, about 300 sank along with the ship.
The 900 people who survived, who ended up in sea water, were left virtually without water, food, and underwent debilitating starvation, dehydration, salt water poisoning, having only a few swimming facilities at their disposal. And only 4 days later the crew of the PV-1 patrol aircraft Ventura during a duty flight around the water area, the crew of the USS was noticed in the water Indianapolis. Only 317 survived.
History of creation
USS Indianapolis was the second and last ship in a series of heavy cruisers of the type Portland. It was the third type of US Navy heavy cruiser designed under the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. They were preceded by two cruisers of the type Pensacola, which were ordered in 1926, and six cruisers of the Northampton ordered in 1927. Ordered for the US Navy in 1930, the cruiser Indianapolis designed as a lightweight, with the designation CL-35. But on July 1, 1931, in accordance with the London Naval Agreement, it was reclassified to heavy with a change in number to SA-35.
Design
The entire series of 8 ships was designed as light cruisers as a development of cruisers of the type Northampton. But only two ships were completed (USS Portland and USS Indianapolis). The remaining six, together with the developments received during construction, were completed as a new type of cruisers - New Orleans.
Construction and testing
Five ships were ordered in 1930 and their construction was entrusted to three shipbuilding companies. In 1931 cruisers with indices CA-32, CA-34, and CA-36 companies were ordered Westinghouse Machinery and during the construction process were reclassified to type New Orleans. USS Portland was pledged by the company Bethlehem Steel February 17, 1930, and USS Indianapolis company New York Shipbuilding Corporation March 31, 1930. Moreover, being laid down second in the series, USS Indianapolis was launched earlier than the lead ship of the series - November 7, 1931 against May 21, 1932 at USS Portland. Entered service November 15, 1932.
Description of the design and armament
Scheme of the heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis (CA-35)
Detailed information about the design, armor and armament of cruisers is given in the article about Portland-class heavy cruisers.
Power plant and driving performance
The ship had 4 propeller shafts, which were rotated by four Parsons turbines, with 8 boilers manufactured by the company "Yarrow". The designed capacity of the power plant is 107,000 hp. was supposed to provide a ship speed of 32 knots (59 km / h). The cruising range of the ship was 10,000 nautical miles (19,000 thousand km) at a speed of 15 knots (28 km/h). The ship had poor handling until a keel under the bottom was later installed.
The capacity of the fuel tanks was 2,125 (1,928 metric) tons. The range of the ship at a speed of 15 knots was 8640 nautical miles, at a speed of 25 knots - 4500 nautical miles. On trials in 1932, the cruiser USS Indianapolis showed a speed of 32.65 knots with a displacement of 11,092 tons and a power of 108,317 hp.
Armament
Auxiliary/anti-aircraft artillery
According to the project, the anti-aircraft armament of the ship consisted of
Communications, detection, auxiliary equipment
On ships of this type there were two catapults for 4 seaplanes, 2 of which were stored on the hangar deck under open sky. But on a cruiser USS Indianapolis 5 aircraft were based, the fifth was the aircraft of the flagship of the cruiser forces. In the early 30s, hydroplanes of the type Vought O2U/O3U Corsair, during the war years - Curtiss S.O.C. Seagull, Vought OS2U Kingfisher, Curtiss S.C. Seahawk.
The ship featured the Mk.27 fire control system, which was based on two small cylindrical directors with 12.7 mm anti-fragmentation armor, instead of the large glazed areas of previous cruisers. Mk.19 posts have been preserved to control anti-aircraft fire.
Modernizations and conversions
After the entry of the United States into the Second world war, the cruiser received six quadruple 28-mm automatic guns. Already in 1945, the ship received 24 40-mm Bofors in the form of six quadruple turrets, as well as 4 twin 40-mm Bofors, and 16 single 20-mm Oerlikons as anti-aircraft weapons.
At the beginning of 1942, the Mk.19 anti-aircraft artillery control posts were replaced with a modification Mark 33. And on USS Indianapolis they were placed on the bow and stern superstructures, while on USS Portland they were placed on the wings of the nasal bridge. At the same time, radars were installed SC, F.C. Mk.3 and FD Mk.4.
In 1943, the ship underwent modernization, during which the design of the bridge was simplified, and the main mast was replaced with a lighter lattice one, installed in front of the second chimney. Were installed radar systems SK and SG.
During the Second World War, the 203-mm guns of the main caliber of the ship modification Mark 9 have been replaced by modifications Mark 14, which differed from their predecessors in chrome holes for guns and a reduced size of the gun turret itself.
Service History
Interwar period
Aerial view of the Intelligence Unit in the Panama Canal Zone. The fleet consists of destroyers, light cruisers and the flagship USS Indianapolis (CA-35) (in the picture it is in the center group on the far right). April 23, 1934
During the command of First Captain John M. Smely, the cruiser USS Indianapolis made an impromptu cruise across the Atlantic to Guantanamo Bay, where he arrived on February 23, 1932. After that, the ship proceeded through the Panama Canal to conduct exercises near the Chilean coast. After an overhaul at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, the ship departed for Maine to transport President Franklin D. Roosevelt to Campobello Island in New Brunswick, where she arrived on July 1, 1933. Having departed the same day USS Indianapolis July 3 arrived in Annapolis, Maryland. During their stay in Annapolis, 6 members of the government lived on the ship along with President Roosevelt. After the President disembarked, on July 4, the ship left Annapolis and went to the Philadelphia shipyard.
September 6 cruiser USS Indianapolis picked up US Secretary General of the Navy Claude A. Swenson on board to inspect the fleet in the Pacific. The ship visited the Panama Zone, Hawaii, as well as San Pedro and San Diego. The Chief Secretary left the ship on 27 October.
November 1, 1933 cruiser USS Indianapolis received the status of the flagship of the Intelligence Force 1, and made active patrols near California. On April 9, 1934, the ship departed Long Beach, California for New York City, where it arrived to receive President Roosevelt a second time to inspect the fleet. The ship returned to Long Beach on November 9, 1934, where she continued training with the 1st Reconnaissance Force as the flagship of the fleet until 1941. On November 18, 1936, the ship picked up Roosevelt for the third time in Charleston, South Carolina, and cruised with him to South America. The ship visited Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, Buenos Aires in Argentina and Montevideo in Uruguay on Presidential State Affairs. On December 15, the cruiser returned to Charleston and put the President's team ashore.
World War II period
December 7, 1941 heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis bombarded Johnston Atoll during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The ship later joined Task Force 12 to search for the Japanese Navy carrier group responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbor. But she could not be found. On December 13, the ship returned to Pearl Harbor and became part of Task Force 11.
New Guinea campaign
As part of Task Force 11, the ship went to southern part Pacific Ocean, to a position 560 km from Rabaul, the islands of New Britain, as an escort for an aircraft carrier USS Lexington. On February 20, 1942, in the afternoon, American ships were attacked by 18 Japanese aircraft. 16 of them were shot down by an air group from USS Lexington, the remaining two were shot down by air defense systems of the formation.
March 10 Task Force 11 reinforced by a formation led by an aircraft carrier USS Yorktown, attacked Lae and Salamaua in New Guinea, where large Japanese forces were stationed. Attacking from the south, from the Stanley Range, the US air force surprised the Japanese fleet and inflicted devastating losses on the enemy, heavily damaging warships and transport ships, losing only a few aircraft. USS Indianapolis returned to Mayre Island for refitting before escorting a convoy to Australia.
Aleutian campaign
Shortly thereafter, the cruiser sailed north to support American forces in the Battle of the Aleutian Islands. August 7 USS Indianapolis as part of Operational Force 11, attacked the island of Kiska with Japanese structures located on it. Since the fog obstructed the normal view, USS Indianapolis together with other ships carried out a massive shelling of the bay. Later, fleet scouts reported sunken Japanese ships in the bay and damaged coastal structures. After 15 minutes, the Japanese coastal guns returned fire, but the guns of the main caliber of the ship were soon destroyed. Japanese submarines, which at that time were approaching the fleet, were attacked by depth charges from destroyers and were forced to withdraw. Japanese dive bombers also made an extremely unsuccessful attack. Despite the lack of intelligence on Japanese forces, the operation proved to be very successful.
USS Indianapolis during World War II. Location unknown.
Later, Allied forces occupied Adak Island, thereby securing the deployment of a naval base at Dutch Bay, Unalaska Island. In January 1943, the USS Indianapolis supported the landing and capture of Amchitka, part of the Aleutian Islands.
February 19 at the head of two destroyers USS Indianapolis patrolled the southwestern part of the island of Attu, looking for Japanese ships that supplied the islands of Kiska and Attu. Soon the Japanese transport ship "Akagane Maru" was intercepted. The transport tried to radio about the American attack, but was fired upon by the cruiser. It soon exploded and was sunk with all cargo and crew.
In the middle of 1943 the cruiser USS Indianapolis continued escorting American convoys near the Aleutian Islands. He also took part in the shelling of priority coastal targets. In May, Allied forces captured Attu Island, after which they advanced to Kiska Island, the last Japanese outpost in the Aleutian Islands. On August 15, landing began on last island, but as it turned out, the Japanese had already left the Aleutian Islands completely.
Actions in 1943
After refitting at the Isle of Mayr, USS Indianapolis went to Hawaii as the flagship of Vice Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, in command of the 5th Fleet. On November 10, the ship departed Pearl Harbor as part of the main strike force of the Southern Attack Force to participate in the invasion of the Gilbert Islands. On November 19, the ship fired on Tarawa Atoll and the next day on Makin Island. After that, the ship returned to Tarawa as a fire cover for the landing, where it stayed for three days, until the landing completely secured the captured island. capture Marshall Islands led to the final Allied victory in the capture of the Gilbert Islands. USS Indianapolis continued to serve as the flagship of the 5th Fleet.
Actions in 1944
January 31, 1944 USS Indianapolis as part of his task force, he went to the Kwazhelein atoll for its subsequent bombardment. During the shelling, the cruiser neutralized two enemy coastal batteries. The next day, the ship destroyed the checkpoint and other Japanese buildings, and also supported the landing with a powerful barrage of its guns. On February 4, the ship entered Kvazhelein Bay and stayed there until the enemy resistance forces were completely destroyed.
USS Indianapolis at the docks at the Mare Island shipyard. November 26, 1944. View of the port side of the front of the ship
March and April USS Indianapolis still in the role of flagship of the 5th Fleet, made an attack on the western part of the Caroline Islands. On March 30-31, carrier formations sank 3 enemy destroyers, 17 transport ships, 5 tankers near the island of Palau and damaged 17 other ships. The airfields were bombed and surrounded by water mines. The islands of Yap and Uliti were attacked on 31 March and the island of Woleai on 1 April. Japanese planes attempted to attack but were forced to retreat without damaging the American ships. USS Indianapolis shot down his second aircraft, a Japanese torpedo bomber. In total, the enemy lost 160 aircraft, including 46 at the airfield. These attacks prevented support from Japanese forces from the Caroline Islands during the Allied amphibious landings in New Guinea.
Throughout June, the 5th Fleet attacked the Marianas. On June 11, attacks began on the island of Saipan by aircraft carrier formations. After that, on June 13, coastal shelling from ships began, where a heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis performed leading role. On June 15, the day of the landing, Admiral Spruance learned that the battleships, aircraft carriers, cruisers and destroyers of the enemy were heading south to liberate their garrisons in the Marianas. Since such an ambitious operation had to be defended at all costs, Admiral Spruance could not move far from his position. As a result, he sent a fast formation of aircraft carriers to intercept incoming Japanese naval formations. While other Allied factions attacked airbases on Iwo Jima and Chichizima.
On July 19, the American fleet engaged Japanese forces in the Philippine Sea. Air groups from Japanese aircraft carriers, which hoped to use the airfields in Guam and Tinian for refueling and replenishment of ammunition, were met by aircraft of the Allied aircraft carrier formations and air defense systems of their covering ships. On that day, according to Navy reports, 426 enemy aircraft were destroyed, while only 29 were lost. USS Indianapolis one torpedo bomber was shot down. This day air combat soon became known as the Mariana Turkey Shoot. Since the air resistance of the enemy was broken, the air groups of the allied aircraft carriers sank the Japanese aircraft carrier IJN Hiyō(Jap. 飛鷹 - "Flying Hawk"), two destroyers, one tanker and damaged others. Two other enemy aircraft carriers IJN Taihō and IJN Shōkaku were sunk by submarines.
June 23 USS Indianapolis returned to Saipan to restore fire support, and six days later went to the island of Tinian to shell the coastal buildings. Meanwhile, Guam was taken, and USS Indianapolis was the first ship to enter Apra harbor since the war. The ship continued operations in the area Mariana Islands over the next few weeks. Then he went to the Western Caroline Islands, where a landing was soon planned. From September 12 to 29, the ship fired on the island of Peleliu from the Palau group of islands to prepare for the landing. After that, the cruiser departed for Manus Island from the Admiralty Islands, where she operated for 10 days before returning to the naval shipyard of Mayr Island.
Actions in 1945
February 14, 1945 after a major overhaul, heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis joined Vice Admiral Mark A. Mitcher's Fast Carrier Task Force. Two days later, the Vice Admiral's group attacked Tokyo, providing fire cover for the landing on Iwo Jima, which was planned on February 19. This was the first attack by a carrier force since the Doolittle Raid. The purpose of the assignment was to destroy the Japanese production facilities for the manufacture of aircraft and other structures in the homeland of the Japanese. The fleet achieved a tactical surprise attack on japanese coast under cover of bad weather. The attacks continued for 2 days. The Allied forces lost 49 aircraft while the Japanese suffered a massive loss of 499 aircraft. Also, Vice Admiral Mark A. Mitcher's Task Force sank an aircraft carrier, 9 Coast Guard vessels, 2 escort destroyers, and a transport ship. A large number of ground structures, both industrial and civilian, were destroyed.
USS Indianapolis under fire near Saipan. June 1944
Immediately after the attack, the formation went to Bonin Island to support the landing on Iwo Jima, where the ship stayed until March 1, carrying out coastal shelling and providing landing fire with cover. 25 February USS Indianapolis returned to the formation of Vice Admiral Mitscher for the second attack on Tokyo and Hachiyo from south coast islands of Honshu the next day. The weather conditions were very bad, and the American forces destroyed 158 enemy aircraft and sank 5 small ships during the shelling of coastal structures, and also destroyed several trains.
The next target for the US Navy was Okinawa, which was within reach from the main airfields. Japanese islands. The Fast Task Force was tasked with attacking enemy airfields in southern japan to prevent the Japanese command from providing effective resistance during the Allied invasion. On March 14, the formation arrived on the coast of Japan from Ulithi. March 18 from a distance of 160 km southwest of Kyushu. The purpose of the attack was to destroy the airfields on the island of Kyushu, the ships of the Japanese imperial fleet in the harbors of the islands of Kobe and Kure. The Japanese located the American forces on 21 March and sent 48 aircraft to intercept them. But all the Japanese planes were shot down by 24 fighters from the aircraft carrier group.
On March 24, the preliminary shelling of Okinawa began before the landing. USS Indianapolis spent seven days bombarding the coastal defenses with his 200 mm main caliber projectiles. During this time, Japanese aircraft periodically attacked American ships. In total, 6 pieces were shot down by the cruiser and 2 more were damaged. On March 31, patrol ships USS Indianapolis noticed a Japanese plane that was flying from the side rising sun and immediately aimed at the command bridge in a vertical dive. 20-mm anti-aircraft installations could not stop the enemy aircraft and after 15 seconds it was already above the ship. Although anti-aircraft fire went through it, forcing it to turn anyway, the bomber pilot managed to turn the plane around to successfully drop a bomb on the ship from a height of 7.6 meters. Then he fell into the water near the stern of the ship. The dropped bomb pierced the deck, flew through the crew's prayer hall, then passed through the berthing compartment, then through the fuel compartments, and before exploding in the water under the bottom of the ship, also passed through the keel of the ship. As a result of the explosion, the ship received two gaping holes in the keel, through which neighboring compartments were flooded, and as a result, 9 crew members died. Ship bulkheads prevented subsequent flooding of neighboring compartments. Barely manageable USS Indianapolis headed to the port, radioing the repair ship along the way to provide emergency repairs. As the inspection showed, the ship was damaged propeller shafts, the fuel compartment is torn, and the water purification equipment is also disabled. But still, USS Indianapolis made a long flight Pacific Ocean to Mayr Island on their own.
Doom
Commemorative memorial to the cruiser USS Indianapolis (CA-35) in Indianapolis, Indiana
After overhaul USS Indianapolis received orders to proceed to the island of Tinian. On board, the ship was carrying parts, as well as enriched uranium (only about half of the world's uranium-235 reserves at a time) for the atomic bomb "Kid" (Eng. little boy), which was later dropped on Hiroshima. On July 16, 1945, the cruiser departed San Francisco for Pearl Harbor, where she arrived on July 19. After that, the ship single-handedly delivered parts of the atomic bomb to Tinian Island on July 26. Then USS Indianapolis was sent to Guam, where part of the crew had to finish their service on the ship, and at the same time replenish the crew with new sailors. On July 28, the cruiser departed Guam for Leyte Gulf, where the crew was to be trained before continuing on to Okinawa to join Vice Admiral Jesse B. Ohlendorf's Task Force 95. July 30 at 00.14 hours the ship was torpedoed to starboard near the bow by two torpedoes Type 95 of 6 issued by a Japanese submarine I-58 under the command of Mohitsuro Hashimoto. The explosions caused enormous damage to the ship. Soon the bow of the ship went under water, and after 12 minutes the ship completely sank along with 300 crew members out of a total of 1196 people. The rest of the crew remained in the water with only a few lifeboats, many of which did not even have life jackets.
The naval command had no idea that the ship had sunk until three and a half days later, the surviving crew members were discovered. USS Indianapolis. August 2 at 10.25 aircraft pilots PV-1 Ventura Lieutenant Wilbur Gwynn and Lieutenant Warren Colewell spotted people drifting while on patrol. Of the 880 people who survived after the sinking of the ship, only 321 people were raised alive from the water, but soon 4 of them died. For all the time spent in the water, the survivors faced dehydration, hypothermia, lack of food, shark attacks and severe hallucinations. Some succumbed to suicide.
Before flooding USS Indianapolis sent distress signals, which were received at three stations. None of them reacted to the message: the commander of the first was drunk, the commander of the second ordered his subordinates not to disturb him, and the commander of the third decided that this was a deception of the Japanese. At a Senate hearing in 1999, the ship's radio operator confirmed that the signal had been transmitted minutes before the sinking. Also shortly after the incident maritime intelligence intercepted a message about the sunken in the route area USS Indianapolis cruiser, transferred from I-58 to headquarters. It was also ignored.
heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis was the last major US Navy ship to be sunk in World War II.
commanders
Below is a table with a list of heavy cruiser commanders " USS Indianapolis throughout its existence.
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The last commander of the ship
Last Captain of the USS Indianapolis (CA-35) Charles Butler McVay III
Captain Charles B. McVay III, who had commanded the ship since November 1944, was one of the survivors of the ship's sinking. In November 1945, he was prosecuted by a military tribunal for the sinking of the ship. He was accused of "endangering the ship by failing to perform anti-torpedo maneuvers". On the other hand, there were facts that the command itself put the ship in a dangerous position.
Later, the captain of the attacking Japanese submarine I-58, testified that even the execution of anti-torpedo maneuvers by the ship would not bring any result, and the ship would still be torpedoed.
In time, Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz overturned McVeigh's sentence and reinstated him. McVeigh retired in 1949 with the rank of rear admiral. Many ship survivors USS Indianapolis claimed that there was no fault of Captain Charles McVay in the death of the ship, at the same time, some members of the families of the victims thought quite the opposite. The guilt placed on the captain's shoulders led him to commit suicide in 1968 using his revolver. At that time he was 70 years old. On the day of the death of the ship, he just turned 47 years old.
In October 2000, the US Congress approved a resolution that Captain McVay's personal file should record that he was exonerated on charges of sinking the cruiser. USS Indianapolis signed by US President Bill Clinton. The resolution also said that despite the multiple loss of ships by the US Navy during World War II, only Captain Charles B. McVeigh III was charged by a military tribunal with the loss of his ship. In July 2001, the Chief Secretary of the United States Navy ordered that Captain McVeigh's file be cleared of any record of his death. USS Indianapolis.
