The presence of disputed border territories of the southern. List of territorial disputes

Africa

View of Balaklava, TASS

Territorial claims to Russia as to itself big country on the planet, the phenomenon is not new and the reaction of Russia in this matter is a real reason for pride. For each "disputed" territory, calmly and politely, with sympathy and understanding, he tries to explain that all the lands belonging to Russia and the Russian people will forever remain with Russia. But the leaders of a number of countries do not want to reckon with this obvious position, continually making a fuss about the so-called "disputed" Russian territories.

But the most interesting thing is that Russia does not make territorial claims against any country in the world, and as it happened historically, it happened. After all, if we begin to present, we will have to remember the powerful Russian Empire, whose territory in the 19th century was 21.8 million km² (that is, 1/6 of the land) - it ranked second in the world, after the British Empire. And this is without taking into account the territory of Alaska, which was part of it from 1744 to 1867 and occupied an area of 1,717,854 km², excluding the Aleutian Islands, as well as parts of the Pacific coast of the USA and Canada ... Russia does not recall all this, but it could …

So, what countries have territorial claims to Russia?

The Republic of Korea: Noktundo island

Photo: smitsmitty.livejournal.com

Noktundo has belonged to the Korean Joseon Dynasty since the 15th century. In 1587, a battle took place on its territory between detachments of Jurchen nomads and the local garrison under the command of Li Sunsin, the national hero of Korea.

During the shallowing of the northern branch of Tumannaya, the riverbed changed from time to time, as a result of which Noktundo sometimes connected with the land of Primorye. Despite this, the territory of the island continued to be under Korean jurisdiction.

In 1860, without the consent of the Korean side, Noktundo was ceded to the Russian Empire in accordance with the Beijing Treaty between Qing China and Russia. Throughout the 20th century, the territory of the island was part of the Khasansky district of Primorsky Krai.

In 1990, the USSR and the DPRK signed an agreement on the establishment of the state border line along the Tumannaya fairway, thanks to which the territory former island was recognized as Soviet. This deal was not recognized. South Korea, which continues to claim the territory of Noktundo as its own.

Japan: Kurile Islands

Perhaps the most relevant today are Japan's claims to Russia regarding the southern Kuril Islands: Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan and the Habomai archipelago. These territories first appeared on the map of Russia in the middle of the 18th century, when the captain of the Russian fleet Martyn Petrovich Shpanberg plotted the Lesser Kuril Ridge on it. Catherine II secured these accessions by decree of 1786, calling them "lands acquired by Russian sailors."

However, already in 1855, they were transferred to Japan according to the Shimoda Treaty as a guarantee of "permanent peace and sincere friendship between Russia and Japan." This agreement was followed by the St. Petersburg Treaty, according to which all the Kuriles passed to Japan in exchange for the Japanese part of Sakhalin. The latter was subsequently lost during the Russo-Japanese War.

The chance to return the lost territories presented itself after the Yalta Conference on February 11, 1945, at which an agreement was reached on the entry of the USSR into the war against Japan, subject to the transfer of South Sakhalin and all the Kuril Islands to it. In accordance with this agreement, General of the Allied Forces Douglas MacArthur in 1946, by a special Memorandum, excluded from the territories of the Country rising sun the Kuril Islands (Tishima Islands), the Khabomai (Khabomadze) group of islands and Sikotan Island.

However, the peace treaty between Russia and Japan was never signed. Japan refused to recognize a number of the Kuril Islands, which had passed to Russia, as "Kuril Islands". According to the official position of the Land of the Rising Sun, the islands of Iturup, Shikotan, Kunashir and Khabomai (Southern Kuriles) were not part of the Kuriles and Japan did not refuse them.

The territorial dispute only intensified in the conditions of " cold war". In 1956, the USSR, according to the naval declaration, was ready to cede the islands of Habomai and Shikotan to Japan, leaving behind the strategically important Kunashir and Iturup. However, in the event of such a compromise, the United States threatened the Land of the Rising Sun with the deprivation of the Ryukyu archipelago with the island of Okinawa, which was then under the control of America.

The failed compromise was, in fact, the last precedent in history when Kuril issue could get off the ground. The "Interaction and Security Treaty between the USA and Japan" adopted shortly after that legalized the presence of American troops on Japanese territory, which was naturally regarded by the USSR as a threat to its own interests. The dispute "about the northern territories" has reached a complete dead end.

To date, the four islands of the South Kuriles, as well as the status northern islands and South Sakhalin, remain the main stumbling block in Russian-Japanese relations, which prevents the summing up of the Second World War and the signing of a peace treaty. According to the position of Russia, all the Kuril Islands, including Iturup, Shikotan, Kunashir and Khabomai, as well as the whole of Sakhalin, belong to the Russian Federation legally, following the results of the Second World War.

Russia is ready, as before, to make concessions in the form of the islands of Habomai and Shikotan. Japan, whose position is consistently supported by the United States, considers all the Southern Kuriles to be its ancestral lands, illegally occupied by Russia, and the Northern Kuriles and South Sakhalin, territories with an undetermined status. On her part, a peace treaty is possible only with the return of all four disputed islands. At the same time, there is a third force - the indigenous people of the Ainu, who insist on their sovereign rights to the Southern Islands.

Ainu natives

The situation sometimes reaches the point of absurdity. Thus, in 2012, the Japanese government officially expressed regret in connection with the visit of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev to the island of Kunashir, calling it "serious obstacles in bilateral relations."

The return of the Kuriles is the cornerstone of the foreign policy of the current Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. Today, the Japanese media adhere to the position that the territorial issue has finally moved off the dead center, in connection with Vladimir Putin's statement that the absence of a peace treaty with Japan is abnormal.

Latvia: claims to Pytalovo

The legacy of the revolution and the subsequent division of the Russian Empire was the long-term territorial dispute between Russia and Latvia over the Pytalovsky district of the Pskov region. This territory was the last to be transferred under the terms of the Riga Peace Treaty between Soviet Russia and Latvia of 1920. According to the official Latvian version, the ethnographic principle was applied when defining the border in 1920. According to other sources, Latvia insisted on transferring this area to it, since it had an important railway junction. In any case, Pytalovo became part of the breakaway Latvia, and was soon renamed Jaunlatgale.

But the lost territories were returned twenty years later, in 1940, after the inclusion of Latvia into the USSR as the Latvian SSR. And in 1944, Pytalovo and the surrounding area became part of the RSFSR, after the liberation from the Nazi occupation. After the collapse of the USSR, Latvia refused to recognize these territorial changes, calling its inclusion in the Union of Socialist Republics an occupation, and Pytalovo an illegally annexed territory, insisting on the return of the 1920 borders. The area with the telling name "Pytalovo" became a source of irritation in relations between Moscow and Riga for a long time.

He disrupted the signing of the Russian-Latvian border treaty when Latvia unexpectedly included in the draft a unilateral, "explanatory" declaration with claims to these territories. According to Latvian politicians, the fact that Pytalovo was owned by Russia violated the Latvian constitution, according to which the border (of course, corresponding to the border of 1920) cannot be changed without the consent of citizens in a referendum. In response to this, Vladimir Putin uttered his famous phrase: "From a dead donkey, their ears, and not the Pytalovsky district."

Latvia could have insisted for a long time on its undoubted ownership of the “five kilometers” of the Pskov region, if not for its desire to join the European Union, one of the main requirements of which is clearly defined borders. In 2007, the President of Vike-Freiberga renounced her territorial claims, expressing the hope that this would: "help unfreeze the really frozen relations with the eastern neighbor."

Finland: the Karelian question

While Latvia has renounced its territorial claims, there is a growing number of public organizations in Finland advocating the return of Karelia and other territories lost during the Second World War. The upcoming public discussion on hypothetical ways of returning Karelia, which may take place in the very near future, was reported by Vesti Karelia. According to them, among the initiators are the revanchist organization ProKarelia, the Karelia club, and the magazine Karjalan kuvalehti.

During its history, Karelia was both a Swedish duchy, and Korelsky district, and Olonets vicegerency. This land has become controversial more than once.

The Karelian question arose as a result of the terms of the Tartu Peace Treaty of 1920, at the end of civil war in Finland and the Soviet-Finnish war. Under its terms, Western Karelia became the property of Finland. The territories were returned during World War II, and the Karelian-Finnish population was evacuated to Finland. In 1956, the Karelian-Finnish SSR was transformed into autonomy within the RSFSR.

Despite the fact that Finland does not officially raise the issue of revising the borders, in the country, according to recent polls, 38% of respondents are in favor of the return of Western Karelia. In 2011, the leader of the ProKarelia movement already known to us, Veikko Saksi, came up with a similar initiative, saying that the return of Karelia to Finland complies with all EU standards. However, the President of Finland, Sauli Niiniste, during his working visit to Moscow in 2013, denied this information, saying that he had never heard such a proposal among the Finnish legislators.

China: dispute over 17 hectares

Today, China has territorial claims on almost all of its neighbors. Russia is no exception. More recently, in 2005, the Russian-Chinese border has undergone changes in the form of 340 square kilometers: a plot of land near Bolshoi Island and two plots near Tarabarov and Bolshoi Ussuriysky Islands, at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri rivers, came under the jurisdiction of the PRC. However, this was not the end of China's territorial claims against Russia.

In 2012, when checking the state border between the countries, China announced the need to move it deep into Russia, putting forward a claim to the "originally Chinese" 17 hectares of the Altai mountainous area. It should be noted that the dispute arose because of a small area of hard-to-reach territory, located at an altitude of 2500-3000 meters, and not equipped, on this moment, checkpoints. As a result, the Chinese side was unable to provide any documents in support of its claims to the Altai 17 hectares, which turned overnight into disputed territories.

Ukraine Crimea

View of Balaklava, TASS

Crimean peninsula, on which the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol are located, became part of Russia on March 18, 2014 according to the results of a referendum held on its territory, in which the vast majority of Crimeans voted for reunification with Russia.

When secession from Ukraine, Crimea used the same grounds as it did in 1991 when secession from the USSR, namely:

The right of peoples to self-determination
Security threat due to coup d'état
Continuation of centuries-old historical traditions

Ukraine, of which Crimea had previously been a part, had already lost its previously existing statehood at the time of the referendum, since the coup, during which the incumbent president was deposed by parliament in clear violation of constitutional procedures, automatically placed all power in the country outside the constitution and legally destroyed the state as such.

The results of the referendum are not openly recognized by Ukraine and the West, the rest of the world for the most part simply bypasses the issue. In any case, the topic will remain open for some time, among other things, because in 1954 the Crimea was transferred to Ukraine with other borders - since then, the northern part of the Arabat Spit with the village of Strelkovoe still remains in the Kherson region. In general, the issue is closely related to future fate New Russia.

Territorial dispute - an international dispute between states over the legal ownership of a certain territory. Demarcation disagreements of the parties, as well as unilateral territorial claim.

Currently, approximately 50 countries of the world dispute certain territories with their neighbors. According to the American researcher Daniel Pipes, there are 20 such disputes in Africa, 19 in Europe, 12 in the Middle East, and 8 in Latin America.

In the post-Soviet space, the most serious territorial dispute arose due to Nagorno-Karabakh, a territory in the south-west of Azerbaijan inhabited by Armenians. In 1991-1994 A war was waged between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh. Nowadays, Nagorno-Karabakh is a de facto independent state, calling itself the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Azerbaijan and the international community consider Nagorno-Karabakh to be part of Azerbaijan.

In December 1963, due to the aggravation of relations between the Cypriot Greeks and Turks, caused by outside interference in internal affairs Cyprus, the joint activities of the Greek and Turkish members of the House of Representatives ceased. Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the work of the House of Representatives, the Council of Ministers and other state bodies of Cyprus. The Greek Community Chamber was abolished in March 1965. The Turkish Cypriots in December 1967 created a “provisional Turkish administration”.

The Executive Council of the “Provisional Turkish Administration”, headed by the Vice-President of the Republic, exercised executive power in the Turkish regions of Cyprus. On February 13, 1975, the leadership of the Turkish community unilaterally proclaimed the so-called “Turkish Federative State of Cyprus” in the northern part of the island. Rauf Denktash was elected as the "first president" of the "Turkish Federative State of Cyprus". In June 1975, the Turkish community approved the constitution of this “state”. On November 15, 1983, the Legislative Assembly of the “Turkish Federative State of Cyprus” unilaterally proclaimed the so-called. an independent Turkish Cypriot state, which is called the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus". The “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” is still recognized only by Turkey.

Some islands Kuril ridge are the subject of Japan's territorial claims against Russia. The Japanese link the conclusion of a peace treaty with the solution of the problem Southern Kuriles.

Kashmir is a disputed area in the far north of the Indian subcontinent. India lays claim to all of its territory. Pakistan and China are contesting India's rights, with Pakistan initially claiming possession of the entire area, and at the present time it has actually included the northwestern part of Kashmir in its composition. Under Chinese control is the northeastern part of the territory of Kashmir. The rest is occupied by the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

One of the most important problems in relations between China and India over the past fifty years has been the unresolved territorial-border dispute over Tibet. On August 25, 1959, the first widely publicized Sino-Indian armed incident took place. Following this incident, the PRC presented India with significant territorial claims.

The conflict between Syria and Israel has not been resolved golan heights . In 1967 they were occupied by Israel. In 1973, the UN established a buffer zone between Syrian and Israeli forces. In 1981, the heights were annexed by Israel. The new status is not recognized by the world community.

Argentina claims to Falkland (Malvinas) Islands in South Atlantic. Disputes between Argentina and Great Britain about the ownership of the islands began in the early 19th century, when the first British settlers appeared on the islands.

A dispute flares up between Canada and Denmark territorial affiliation Hans Islands located near Greenland. Large deposits of oil and gas have been discovered on the shelf between Greenland and Hans, and both countries lay claim to these resources.

Islands of strategic importance Bassa da India, Europe, Juan de Nova and Glorioso (Indian Ocean off the African coast of Madagascar) are the subject of a dispute between France and Madagascar. Now controlled by France.

In December 1996 Imia rocks(Greek name) or Kardak (Turkish) in the Aegean became the cause of the conflict between Greece and Turkey. The conflict was stopped by the international community, but both countries did not give up their claims.

Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, consisting of 65 islands, the largest of which is Diego Garcia, with an area of 40 sq. km, is the subject of a dispute between Mauritius and the UK.

Spratly Archipelago in the Pacific, a dispute between China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines. Brunei has also claimed part of the archipelago since 1984. The struggle for these islands has repeatedly led to armed conflicts. In particular, in 1974, a naval battle took place between the navies of China and South Vietnam.

Paracel Islands in the South China Sea are the subject of dispute between China and Vietnam. China took over the islands in 1974 and is now home to a Chinese-built air force base.

Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea are now disputed between Japan, China and Taiwan, but are controlled by the Japanese Navy. Oil reserves have been discovered near them.

Islands in Corisco Bay on the coast West Africa, the largest of which is the island of Bagne, with an area of several hundred square meters, are the subject of a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. The reason for the dispute is the unsettled state borders that were formed back in the colonial era.

San Andres Islands and Providencia in the Caribbean are the subject of a dispute between Nicaragua and Colombia. This territorial dispute is extremely difficult to resolve, because the ownership of the islands depends maritime boundaries not only Nicaragua and Colombia, but also Costa Rica, Honduras, Jamaica and Panama.

Island Abu Musa and the Tanb Islands (Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz) - the subject of a dispute between Iran and the United United Arab Emirates. The islands are now controlled by Iran, which took control of them in 1971. The conflict between Iran and the UAE periodically flares up and turns into a phase of an exchange of harsh statements.

The most peaceful dispute over territory of Antarctica, which are claimed by seven states: Australia, France, Norway, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile and Great Britain, with the latter three countries contesting a number of territories of the ice continent from each other. Since all claimants to the territory are parties to the Atlantic Treaty, signed in 1959, recognizing the sixth continent as a zone of peace and international cooperation, free from weapons, the transition of these disputes to a military stage is practically impossible.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

28 SEPTEMBER,

On September 28, 1939, the Treaty of Friendship and Border between the USSR and Germany was signed. It was signed by German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop and People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR Molotov. We decided to talk about the five disputed territories of Russia with other states.

The treaty between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union was concluded on September 28, 1939. It was signed after the invasion of Poland by the armies of Germany and the USSR by German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop and People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR Molotov. According to this agreement, the territory of Poland was divided between Germany and the USSR. The text of the treaty and a map with the border line between the USSR and Germany were published in the Soviet press. Under this treaty, Lithuania passed into the sphere of influence of the USSR. This provided the Soviet Union with German non-intervention in relations with Lithuania, which resulted in the establishment of the Lithuanian SSR on June 15, 1940.

DISPUTE ISLANDS

The Kuril Islands include 30 large and many small islands. They are included in Sakhalin region Russia and are of great military-strategic and economic importance. However southern islands archipelago - Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan and the Habomai group - are disputed by Japan, which includes them in the Hokkaido prefecture.

Moscow's principled position is that the southern Kuril Islands became part of the USSR, whose successor was Russia, and are an integral part of the territory Russian Federation on legal grounds following the results of the Second World War, enshrined in the UN Charter, and Russian sovereignty over them, having the appropriate international legal confirmation, is not subject to doubt.

In Japan, they say that the northern territories are the centuries-old territories of this country, which continue to be under the illegal occupation of Russia. According to the Japanese position, in the event that the northern territories belong to Japan, it is ready to flexibly approach the time and procedure for their return. In addition, since the Japanese citizens living in the northern territories were forcibly evicted by Joseph Stalin, Japan is ready to come to an agreement with the Russian government so that the Russian citizens living there will not suffer the same tragedy. In other words, after the return of the islands to Japan, she intends to respect the rights, interests and desires of the Russians now living on the islands.

TAKEN ONE AND A HALF ISLANDS

The problem of the disputed islands of Tarabarov and Bolshoi Ussuriysky arose in 1964, when the new project border agreements between Russia and China. And the story was like this. In 1689, the Treaty of Nerchinsk was concluded, when Russia recognized China's rights to lands on the right bank of the Amur and in Primorye. In the middle of the 19th century, taking advantage of the weakness of China, Russia annexed 165.9 thousand square kilometers of Primorye, which were under joint control. China was left without access to the Sea of Japan. During World War II, an agreement was concluded between Stalin and the PLA commander-in-chief Mao Zedong, who controlled the northern regions of China, to draw a border line along the Chinese bank of the Amur and Ussuri rivers. Thus, China was actually deprived of the right to use the fairway of these rivers, but received support from the USSR.

In 2004, Russia and China signed an agreement on Russian-Chinese state border on its eastern side. The document defines the course of the border in two sections: in the area of Bolshoi Island in the upper reaches of the Argun River ( Chita region) and in the region of the islands of Tarabarov and Bolshoy Ussuriysky at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri rivers near Khabarovsk. Tarabarov is completely given to China, and Ussuriysky is only partially. The border line, according to the document, runs both along the middle of the rivers and on land. The territory of both sites (about 375 sq. km) is distributed approximately in half.

WANTED TO CUT OFF A PIECE

Estonia lays claim to the Pechora district of the Pskov region and the right bank of the Narva River with Ivangorod. On May 18, 2005, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Russia and Estonia, Sergey Lavrov and Urmas Paet, signed agreements on the state border and delimitation of maritime spaces in Narva and Gulf of Finland, fixing the passage of the state border between the two states along the former administrative border between the RSFSR and the Estonian SSR "with a slight adjustment on the terms of adequate territorial compensation." One of the main subjects of negotiations on the Russian-Estonian border is the Saatse boot. It was planned to transfer it to Estonia, exchanging it for other territories. The agreement was not ratified by Russia, due to the amendments made to it by the Estonian side.

FISH WAR

For almost half a century, Russia has been waging an undeclared fish war with Norway. Most of the fighting takes place on the territory of the famous "twilight zone" in the Barents Sea. This is a disputed body of water the size of half Germany or Italy, two-thirds of the UK.

The essence of the dispute boils down to the fact that Russia drew the border along the coast of the island of Svalbard, Norway believed that the border should be equidistant from Svalbard on the one hand and Franz Josef Land and the island New Earth with another. Since the states were on friendly terms, the dispute over the border rarely resulted in any actions, and occasionally there were detentions of Russian fishing boats. However, in the future, the dispute escalated, since hydrocarbon reserves were discovered in the Barents Sea, including in the disputed territories. In April 2010, the parties agreed that the new delimitation line would divide the disputed territory into two equal parts, the 40-year-old dispute was finally settled on September 15, 2010 after the signing of the agreement "On the delimitation of maritime spaces and cooperation in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean" transfer of 90 thousand sq. m. km. in favor of Norway.

CRIMEA - A TERRITORY OF DISPUTES

For many years, disputes around perhaps the most beautiful and favorite vacation spot of the Soviet people have not subsided. Crimea is not only all-union health resort", but also a strategic territory.

In 1991, when it broke up Soviet Union relations between Ukraine and Russia deteriorated. The people living in Russia, after the loss of so many territories, remembered the Crimea, which could be returned, because. transferring it to Ukraine in 1954 was disapproved by many. At the same time, 80 percent of Crimean residents said they consider themselves citizens of Russia, and Crimea is part of its territory. But Ukraine had one very significant lever of pressure on Russia - the Black Sea Fleet. In January 1992, the then President of Ukraine L. Kravchuk announced that he had taken the Black Sea Fleet under his guardianship. It was a collapse for Russia. But the transfer of Crimea to Ukraine is a very huge loss for Russia.

Disputed territories, which may have military significance, attract the attention of states most of all. Shelves and sea areas, rich in fish, are a tasty morsel. Not in last place in importance are those places where you can successfully develop. Such economically important objects are most often the subject of state disputes. The Russian border has a length of 60,000 kilometers, and with the United States - the longest maritime border.

Claims against Russia by Asian states

The Kuril Islands are today a stumbling block for the signing of a peace treaty between Russia and Japan. Since the end of the Second World War between these countries, it has not been signed, although Japan finally capitulated on September 6, 1945. Today, these two states are in a state of truce, the Japanese demand to give them part of the Kuril ridge.

The border with China is demarcated, but it has claims against Russia. And today Tarabarov and the Big Ussuri Islands on the Amur River are controversial. Here the borders are not even delimited. But China follows a different path, it systematically populates the territory of the Russian Federation with its citizens. The water space and shelves of the Caspian Sea are divided by Russian-Iranian agreements. reappeared on political world states, and these are Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan, demand to divide the bottom of the Caspian Sea in a new way. Azerbaijan is not waiting, it is already developing the subsoil.

European claims

Today, Ukraine has a territorial claim to Russia, it does not want to accept the loss of Crimea. Previously there were disputes about Kerch Strait and the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, which Russia proposed to consider internal between the two countries, while Ukraine demanded their separation. There are problems, and they are very difficult to solve. Latvia tried to make claims about the Pytalovsky region, but for the sake of the possibility of joining the EU, it refused.

Despite the fact that rumors are circulating in the media about Estonian claims to the Ivangorod region, official Tallinn did not make any claims. Kaliningrad region plans to annex Lithuania, but it is unlikely that she will want a war with Russia.

Norway is not satisfied with the Russian border between the islands of the Arctic Ocean. Norway demands to establish a border exactly in the middle between the islands belonging to the two countries, it wants to revise the boundaries of Russian polar possessions. In 1926, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee established the border of the polar possessions of the USSR, including in the state all the islands in the north of the Eastern Hemisphere, including the North Pole. Today, many countries consider this document illegal.

disputed islands

The Kuril Islands include 30 large and many small islands. They are part of the Sakhalin region of Russia and are of great military-strategic and economic importance. However, the southern islands of the archipelago - Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan and the Habomai group - are disputed by Japan, which includes them in the Hokkaido prefecture.

Moscow's principled position is that the southern Kuril Islands became part of the USSR, of which Russia became the legal successor, and are an integral part of the territory of the Russian Federation on legal grounds following the results of the Second World War, enshrined in the UN Charter, and Russian sovereignty over them, which has an appropriate international legal confirmation, no doubt.

They took one and a half islands

The problem of the disputed islands of Tarabarov and Bolshoi Ussuriysky arose in 1964, when a new draft agreement on the border between Russia and China was developed. And the story was like this. In 1689, the Treaty of Nerchinsk was concluded, when Russia recognized China's rights to lands on the right bank of the Amur and in Primorye. In the middle of the 19th century, taking advantage of the weakness of China, Russia annexed 165.9 thousand square kilometers of Primorye, which were under joint control. China was left without access to the Sea of Japan. During World War II, an agreement was concluded between Stalin and the PLA commander-in-chief Mao Zedong, who controlled the northern regions of China, to draw a border line along the Chinese bank of the Amur and Ussuri rivers. Thus, China was actually deprived of the right to use the fairway of these rivers, but received support from the USSR.

In 2004, an agreement was signed between Russia and China on the Russian-Chinese state border on its eastern part. The document defines the border in two sections: in the area of Bolshoy Island in the upper reaches of the Argun River (Chita Region) and in the area of the Tarabarov and Bolshoi Ussuriysky Islands at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers near Khabarovsk. Tarabarov is completely given to China, and Ussuriysky is only partially. The border line, according to the document, runs both along the middle of the rivers and on land. The territory of both sites (about 375 sq. km) is distributed approximately in half.

Wanted to cut off a piece

Estonia lays claim to the Pechora district of the Pskov region and the right bank of the Narva River with Ivangorod. On May 18, 2005, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Russia and Estonia, Sergey Lavrov and Urmas Paet, signed agreements on the state border and delimitation of maritime spaces in the Narva and Gulf of Finland, which fixed the passage of the state border between the two states along the former administrative border between the RSFSR and the Estonian SSR "with a slight adjustment on the conditions adequate territorial compensation”. One of the main subjects of negotiations on the Russian-Estonian border is the Saatse boot. It was planned to transfer it to Estonia, exchanging it for other territories. The agreement was not ratified by Russia, due to the amendments made to it by the Estonian side.

fish war

The essence of the dispute boils down to the fact that Russia drew the border along the coast of the island of Svalbard, Norway believed that the border should be equidistant from Svalbard on the one hand and Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya on the other. Since the states were on friendly terms, the dispute over the border rarely resulted in any actions, and occasionally there were detentions of Russian fishing boats. However, in the future, the dispute escalated, since hydrocarbon reserves were discovered in the Barents Sea, including in the disputed territories. In April 2010, the parties agreed that the new delimitation line would divide the disputed territory into two equal parts, the 40-year-old dispute was finally settled on September 15, 2010 after the signing of the agreement "On the delimitation of maritime spaces and cooperation in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean" transfer of 90 thousand sq. m. km. in favor of Norway.

Crimea is a territory of disputes

For many years, disputes around perhaps the most beautiful and favorite vacation spot of the Soviet people have not subsided. Crimea is not only an "all-Union health resort", but also a strategic territory.

In 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed, relations between Ukraine and Russia deteriorated. The people living in Russia, after the loss of so many territories, remembered the Crimea, which could be returned, because. transferring it to Ukraine in 1954 was disapproved by many. At the same time, 80 percent of Crimean residents said they consider themselves citizens of Russia, and Crimea is part of its territory. But Ukraine had one very significant lever of pressure on Russia - the Black Sea Fleet. In January 1992, the then President of Ukraine L. Kravchuk announced that he had taken the Black Sea Fleet under his guardianship. It was a collapse for Russia. But the transfer of Crimea to Ukraine is a very huge loss for Russia.