Sprawled on a river called the Isar city Munich is the largest in terms of area and population in the entire federal state of Bavaria.. Almost one and a half million natives and almost two hundred thousand visitors live in Munich, who work in numerous enterprises of the amazing Bavarian city.

Content:

Short description

It is worth noting that Munich, in terms of population, ranks third in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg, which does not prevent it from being one of the main tourist centers countries.

Würzburg residence

Every year, hundreds of thousands of tourists from all over the world come to the capital of Bavaria to not only enjoy the mass of sights, monuments of architecture and history and visit one of the many museums, but also to taste the famous and best Bavarian beer on the planet. By the way, it is in Munich that there are private breweries that have been supplying their products for the legendary Oktoberfest for almost two centuries.

Having been in Munich, you can get the most complete idea of ​​what German quality, precision and order are. The city has a huge number of various research centers, universities and the largest Bavarian state library in the Old World, which can provide its visitors with more than six million publications for review. All this, undoubtedly, indicates that the best specialists in their fields live and work in Munich, and the educational institutions of the city annually graduate from their walls the most talented young people who, thanks to their education, find jobs not only in Germany, but also throughout the world. around the world.

Bavarian State Chancellery

Munich is a beautiful city, which was as if specially created for the comfortable living of indigenous people in it. Even climatic conditions in Munich can be called ideal for the human body: in summer the temperature in the city rarely exceeds 18-20 degrees Celsius, and in winter it does not fall below minus 3 degrees Celsius.

Munich - a brief history

Munich is one of the few cities whose origin of the name does not cause controversy among historians and linguists. The word "Munich" comes from the ancient German word Munichen, which can be literally translated into Russian as "at the monks". It was no coincidence that the name of the city came about: back in the 8th century, monks set up their settlement on Petra Hill. The documents that have survived to this day speak of Munich as a city as early as 1175. Although its name can be found a little earlier - in 1158, however, then it was considered something like a village.

Nymphenburg Palace

The year 1255 became a landmark for Munich. The city and the territory adjacent to it from this period of time began to belong to the legendary Wittelsbach dynasty, who managed to unite all of Bavaria in 1507. They ruled these lands until the revolution of 1918. Even today in Nymphenburg Palace, which is one of the most beautiful sights in Bavaria, is home to the last of the descendants of the Wittelsbachs. Speaking about the history of Munich, one cannot fail to note the year 1810: in October of this year, the wedding of Ludwig I and Teresa of Saxony-Hildburghaus took place. On October 17, 1810, in honor of this wedding celebration, the first holiday was held, which later became known as Oktoberfest.

Munich in wartime

The first destruction of the city's buildings took place as early as 1916: then the French dropped three bombs from their planes on beautiful Munich at once. In 1933, not only Munich, but all of Bavaria, gave the smallest number of votes for the party of Adolf Hitler, and despite the fact that ten years before that, the famous Beer putsch took place in the city: even then Hitler, with his few associates, tried to take by force power in the country. The tyrant did not forgive Munich's weak support in the elections, already the following year, on the orders of Hitler, more than 60 Bavarian politicians were killed on the night that was called the "long knives".

Isar Gate

Munich nevertheless became the center for the NSDAP, the reason for this was not only the Beer Putsch and numerous murders, but also the fact that this city became the starting point in the careers of Himmler and Heydrich. Surprisingly, already in 1933, not far from the quiet and cozy city, where life flowed as usual, a concentration camp was built in Dachau.

Reading all of the above, one can come to the conclusion that Munich was the lair of the Nazis, but this is far from the case: not in one German city there were not so many protests and there were not so many underground movements aimed at undermining the activities of the Nazis, as in the capital of Bavaria. One of these organizations, called the White Rose, allowed the American army to enter Munich in 1945 without firing a shot. Many participants in the movement gave their lives so that the elite SS troops could not blow up the bridges. However, the bombing and artillery shelling from howitzers almost completely destroyed the city center with its unique architectural monuments.

Gate of the Propylaea

At the beginning of the war, 815 thousand people lived in the city, just over 400,000 survived. Munich was one of the German cities where quite a lot of people lived. a large number of Jews. According to the most conservative estimates, already in the first years after Hitler came to power, 9,300 people were killed, and this despite the fact that the total number of the Jewish community in Munich was 10,000 people.

Munich - today

Describe the capital of Bavaria briefly, alas, will not work. A huge number of attractions, including magnificent squares, Nymphenburg Palace, St. Peter's Church, St. Michael's Church, the legendary Allianz Arena, gallery contemporary art- only a small part of the monuments of history, architecture and culture of the Bavarian people. Of particular interest to tourists is the Cathedral of the Holy Virgin, which was built in the 15th century in the Gothic style. It is in this building that the remains of Ludwig IV are buried in a black sarcophagus. The two towers of this magnificent cathedral are the symbol of the city. At the entrance to this temple there is a footprint, which, according to ancient legend, was left by Satan himself.

Glyptothek

If a traveler is brought to Munich, he should definitely visit the Azamkirche church, which, according to contemporary architects, is the best building in Europe, built in the Baroque style. If you look at the tourist brochures of the city, which provides its visitors with various agencies and hotels in Munich, we can conclude that the capital of Bavaria is rightfully considered a city of museums. The most beautiful of them, which contain unique and priceless exhibits, are the Glyptothek, the old and new Pinakothek. They were created during the reign of Louis I of Bavaria. By the way, the old pinakothek, along with the Nymphenburg Palace, is the most visited place in Munich. It contains more than 9 thousand paintings belonging to the brushes the greatest artists past centuries. One of them has no price - this is the legendary Madonna and Child, written by Leonardo da Vinci.

Of particular interest to football fans is the famous Allianz Arena, which is the home stadium for the formidable Bayern Munich club. Whole families go to Munich: regardless of age, everyone will find something interesting for themselves in this city. Children, as well as adults, will simply be delighted with visiting the Toy Museum. Among its exhibits are toys created by Ivan Steiger, numerous railways and a huge composition dedicated to the history and development of the Barbie doll, which at one time "conquered" the world.

Arc de Triomphe Siegestor

Munich - a note to tourists

A traveler who decides to visit Munich and get acquainted with all its sights is best to take an air flight. Not far from Munich is one of the largest and safest airports in Europe. Surprisingly, even the airport, named after the famous politician, can be safely considered a Bavarian landmark. And how could it be otherwise: after all, in a year it easily serves more than 50 million (!) People.

It is the German city of Munich. The population in it has long ago exceeded one million people. Besides, it's quite old. locality, which is cultural center region of Bavaria. Let's find out what is the population of Munich, what is its size, demographic characteristics, living conditions and much more.

Geographic location of Munich

Before starting to study the population of Munich, let's find out where this European city is located.

Munich is located in the southeast of Germany in the territory administrative district Upper Bavaria in the Federal Although Munich is the capital of the federal state and the administrative center of the district, but at the same time it is one of the 107 cities in Germany with non-district status.

A Brief History of Munich

In order to understand how the population of Munich was formed, you need to look at it through the prism of history.

The history of the appearance of the first settlement in these places dates back to the Early Middle Ages, namely to the 8th century, when monks began to live on the Petersberg hill. They made up the very first population of Munich. Annalistic evidence of Munich appeared only in 1158, but after seventeen years it received the status of a city with all the ensuing privileges. The city was mainly inhabited by the Bavarians - the sub-ethnos of the German people.

In 1240, Munich passed into the possession of Duke Otto the Most Serene of the House of Wittelsbach, who was the ruler of Bavaria and the Palatinate, which were part of the Holy Roman Empire. From that time until 1918, the Wittelsbachs did not lose the right to own the specified city. In 1255, after the division of Bavaria into two parts between the brothers, Munich became the capital of the Duchy of Upper Bavaria. In 1507, Bavaria was again united into a single duchy, but nevertheless Munich did not lose its capital status, remaining the center of the united state. In 1806, Bavaria received the status of a kingdom. Munich reached its real heyday under King Ludwig I, who carried out construction in the city, decorated it, and invited many famous cultural figures here. The city has become real cultural capital southern Germany.

During World War I, the city was bombed by the Entente forces. After the war, the king of Bavaria fled the country, and in 1919 in Munich, Marxist forces proclaimed the creation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic. True, less than a month later, Bavaria was returned to Germany (the Weimar Republic).

It is in Munich that the origins of German Nazism originate. Here in 1920 the National Socialist German Workers' Party was founded. In 1923, the Nazis launched an unsuccessful coup d'état in Munich, which became known as the Beer Putsch. In 1933, the Nazis still managed to come to power in Germany through democratic elections. But it should be noted that Munich at the same time became the main center of the anti-Nazi movement among German cities. During the Second World War, the city was repeatedly subjected to air strikes, during which the population of Munich was reduced by at least 25%.

After the end of the war, Munich fell into the American zone of occupation. The city was rebuilt. In 1949, it became part of the newly formed state of the Federal Republic of Germany. Munich became the largest industrial city in the country, as well as one of its political and cultural centers. In terms of size and population in Germany, this settlement is second only to the capital of the country - the city of Berlin, as well as Hamburg.

Population

Now it's time to determine what population Munich has. This indicator is the base for all other demographic calculations. So, the population of Munich is this moment 1526.1 thousand people.

As mentioned earlier, this is the third largest result in Germany by the number of inhabitants. For comparison, 3490.1 thousand people live in Berlin, 1803.8 thousand people live in Hamburg, and 1017.2 thousand people live in the fourth largest city in Germany, Cologne.

Population dynamics

Now let's find out how the population of the city changed in dynamics. Munich mainly increased in this indicator, although there were periods when the number of residents temporarily decreased.

We will begin our excursion from 1840, when Munich was the capital of the kingdom. Then 126.9 thousand people lived in it. The population grew until 1939. So, in 1871 it was 193.0 thousand people, in 1900 - 526.1 thousand people, in 1925 - 720.5 thousand people, in 1939 - 840.2 thousand people . But the Second World War, which resulted in the mobilization of men into the army, as well as the bombing of the city by allied troops, significantly reduced the number. According to the 1950 census, the population of Munich is 830.8 thousand people, but we can say with confidence that in the first post-war years the number of residents was even less. But then the growth began. So, in 1960, the number has already exceeded one million inhabitants, thereby setting a record for the city, and amounted to 1101.4 thousand inhabitants. In 1970, the city was already inhabited by 1312 thousand inhabitants.

But then Munich, however, like the whole of Germany, suffered a demographic crisis. The birth rate has decreased significantly with the increase in society's awareness of the level of responsibility for the child. In 1980, the population fell to the level of 1298.9 thousand people, in 1990 it decreased to 1229.0 thousand people, and in 2000 to 1210.2 thousand people.

True, in the next period the number of residents began to grow again. Already in 2009, it reached a record level for the entire previous history - 1330.4 thousand inhabitants. But the growth didn't stop there. In 2013, the population reached the figure of 1407.8 thousand inhabitants, in 2015 - 1405.4 thousand inhabitants, and at present it is 1526.1 thousand inhabitants. The trend of population growth in the city continues to this day.

Population density

Which is occupied by Munich, is 310.4 square meters. km. Knowing the area and population, it is not difficult to calculate its density in Munich. At the moment it is 4890 people/sq. km.

For comparison, let's look at the density in other largest cities Germany. In Berlin, it is 3834 people/sq. km, in Hamburg - 2388.6 people / sq. km,. and in Cologne - 2393 people / sq. km. Thus, we can state the fact that Munich has a fairly high population density.

Ethnic composition

Now let's find out what nationalities people live in - Munich. The vast majority of the city's population are Germans, most of whom belong to the Bavarians sub-ethnos. Some ethnographers have even tried to distinguish them as a separate nation, since the culture and dialect are very different from the population of the rest of Germany.

But the city is home to quite a lot of immigrants from other countries of the world, as well as persons with foreign citizenship, including those with refugee status. The proportion of such residents exceeds 25% of the total population. But the social protection of the population of Munich extends to most of them.

Most of all among the population of Munich immigrants from Turkey. Their number is 39.4 thousand people. In addition, there are many immigrants from Croatia (29.3 thousand people), Greece (26.4 thousand inhabitants), Italy (26.0 thousand inhabitants), Austria (21.8 thousand inhabitants), Poland (21.1 thousand inhabitants), Bosnia and Herzegovina (16.5 thousand inhabitants), Romania (16.2 thousand inhabitants), Serbia (13.5 thousand inhabitants). It should be noted that in recent times the influx of refugees from Arab countries, mainly from Syria. However, this is a problem not only in Munich or Germany, but throughout Europe. At the same time, Munich has the largest percentage of residents with a migration background in relation to the total urban population (compared to other large German settlements).

Religion

Almost half of Munich's population does not belong to any religious community. Such people make up about 45% of the total population. At the same time, 33.1% of the population are members of the Roman Catholic Church, 11.9% are Protestants, 7.2% are Muslims, 0.3% are Jews, and another 0.7% belong to other faiths.

The administration of the city of Munich is trying to ensure the rights of representatives of all religious denominations of the city.

Employment

Now let's find out in what areas the population of Munich is employed. We present below a description of the main areas of production in the city.

The main branch of the Munich economy is mechanical engineering, in particular the automotive and aircraft industries. Thus, the largest German car manufacturing plant is located on the territory of the city, which is a world-famous brand - BMW (Bavarian engine factories). This enterprise provides the population with more than 100 thousand jobs.

The city has a developed electronics industry (Siemens concern). In addition, Munich is one of the largest beer production centers in the world.

But industry is not the only area of ​​the city's economy. The provision of various services, in particular of a financial nature, is also developed here, since Munich is a major banking center.

Social protection of the population

Like most cities in the European Union, Munich maintains high social standards. In particular, the employment center is engaged in the employment of the unemployed and the payment of benefits to them. The population of Munich is thus immune to the problems that come with losing a job.

As mentioned above, refugees and other migrants are also not left without adequate protection. They are also considered to constitute the population of Munich. The Migration Service, as well as other social institutions, provided that the settlers comply with German laws, also guarantee them social protection.

General characteristics of the population of Munich

Munich is the third most populated city in Germany, the largest industrial and cultural center of the country. Currently, the city is experiencing a constant increase in the number of residents, which is provided, among other things, by migrants, who make up about 25% of total residents of Munich. About half of the city's population does not practice any religion. Among believers, the majority are Catholics.

In general, we can say that Munich has excellent demographic and economic prospects.

In this article you will learn:

Munich is one of largest cities southern part of Germany, founded in 1158 and being the capital. It is a large rapidly developing industrial center. Electrical, engineering, printing, sewing and chemical enterprises are located here.

The scientific sphere is widely developed in Munich. It is home to many universities, as well as one of the largest European public libraries.

Munich is known for its large brewing production and drinking tradition. Munich breweries serve - festivities, beer festival, famous throughout the world. It is celebrated on a grand scale in September-October of each year on Terezin Meadow.

Story

The status of the city of Munich was given by the Bavarian ruler Heinrich the Lion. Soon city walls were erected around the settlement, and a long and rich story Munich. After the unification of all the duchies of Bavaria, which occurred in 1507, it becomes its full capital. During the course of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Maximilian, who at that time was the Duke of Bavaria, took an active part in it. At one time, Napoleon visited Munich on a friendly visit. In 1818, the Constitution of Bavaria was adopted for the first time.

The First World War is memorable for Munich because it was heavily bombed. And the post-war period was a difficult period for the city. The beer putsch marked the year 1923. Then Hitler carried out the first unsuccessful attempt at a coup d'état, during which he was arrested. But, this did not prevent the city from remaining the main city of the National Socialists.

Beer coup "We want beer"

Second world war The city was heavily damaged. During the post-war reconstruction, it was decided to follow the original layout as accurately as possible. Today in Munich there is a fairly high standard of living - high-quality and comfortable. It is a city characterized by a thriving economy and a great variety of cultural life.

Attractions

Munich is a city-museum, a place of accumulation of masterpiece architectural monuments, a venue for Oktoberfest and just a city worthy of attention tourist. There are so many attractions in Munich and its environs that it is simply impossible to list everything. But the places that every tourist must see will be described below.

Marienplatz and New Town Hall

The center of Munich crowns main square the city of Marienplatz with a Gothic palace called the New Town Hall. According to historical data, the town hall was built at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, although when looking at it, one gets the impression that it is much older and has been standing on this site for more than one hundred years.

Marienplatz and Frauenkirche (in the background)

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Frauenkirche)

Most high building Munich. The authorities are forbidden to erect buildings higher than the Cathedral of the Blessed Mary.

The cathedral, in fact, is the crypt of the Wittelsbach family, who ruled in Bavaria for over 700 years.

The cathedral was built in the Gothic style and looks majestic, but for some reason it is not very welcomed by the locals, who speak contemptuously about this landmark of Munich.

Externally, the impressive and solid temple does not make the proper impression when visiting it, inside, according to the reviews of numerous visitors, it is uncomfortable, cold and miserable. Possibly in relation local residents the political background of the temple servants and their arrogance towards their parishioners influences, although this is another story.

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary

old town hall

This building is much more laconic, does not have such a grace of decoration as the New Town Hall, and dates back more early years the buildings.

old town hall

Glyptothek

Place of accumulation of works of ancient sculptors of ancient Rome and ancient greece. The museum was founded under King Charles I. Statues of various mythical characters can be seen in the Munich Glyptothek.

Glyptothek

Monument Museum Dachau

This is probably one of the scariest museums of our time. A museum saturated with heavy energy, filled with the memory of the thousands of deaths of children, women and men during the Second World War. The museum is based on the site of a former Nazi concentration camp. Only the sculpture erected at the entrance to the museum conveys the whole tragedy of those times.

Monument Museum Dachau

St. Peter's Church

The oldest landmark in Munich ancient history, the church survived many fires and reconstructions, after which it successfully combines various styles of architecture.

Peterskirche church

Church of St. John Nepomuk

This temple is better known as the Azamkirche Church. This name originated among the people due to the fact that it was the Azam brothers who erected this temple on a small piece of land, they managed to erect a truly fundamental work of architectural art. The interior of the church is stunning with splendor.

Church of St. John Nepomuk

Olympic Park

The Munich Olympic Park was built to host the 1972 Summer Olympics. This is favorite place for recreation with the residents of Munich, various cultural events are held here. Olympic complexes serve as training and sports bases for the training of athletes and for ordinary citizens to practice sports.

Olympic Park

BMW Museum

The sanctuary of fans of the German car brand is the BMW Museum. The whole history of the creation of one of the favorite brands of the German car industry. More than 120 car models, from the very first to the latest developments corporations. Huge selection of motorcycles. Men will definitely appreciate this museum, but girls will also be interested there.

The museum's opening hours are from 10 am to 6 pm daily, except Mondays. Ticket price from 6 (children) to 12 (adult) euros. Discounts for families and groups.

The museum is located 15 minutes from Munich.

Oktoberfest

The main influx of tourists in Munich coincides with the main event of Bavaria -. Hundreds and thousands of tourists from all over the world come to this grand celebration dedicated to the favorite drink of the Bavarians. Beer flows like water, tons of sausages are eaten, a joyful mood reigns everywhere. Many connoisseurs of a foamy drink dream of a vacation in Munich at Oktoberfest.

Oktoberfest

One of the largest museums of scientific and technological achievements is located in the city. The Toy Museum is one of the unusual museums.

Toy Museum Munich

A trip to Munich and acquaintance with its main attractions will surely be remembered by every traveler. The capital of Bavaria warmly and cordially welcomes visitors!

Sport

The variety of varieties presented in Munich allows everyone to find something to their liking. Close proximity to the Alps gave impetus to the rapid development of skiing and tourism.

Seasonal mass roller skating through the streets of the city on Monday evening of every week has become traditional. Also, the tradition included marathon races, which are organized twice a year.

In the summer season, beach volleyball is very popular, tournaments are held on large beaches.

Of particular note is football. - the most famous German football club, which has a huge number of titles. The famous Allianz Arena is the home stadium of the grandiose club. Also in Munich, hockey and basketball are well developed. At one time, the city hosted the Olympic Games and the world championships in football and ice hockey.

club Bayern Munich

Transport

The main urban transport can be called trains and metro. Munich has a well-developed bus and tram network. Main Train Station Munich has a huge passenger traffic and serves more than three hundred thousand passengers a day. In addition, the East Station and Munich-Pasing in the west operate. Regional and international high-speed trains pass through them.

Munich Airport is one of largest airports Germany, passing up to fifty million passengers a year.

The cheapest tickets from Moscow to Munich and back

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		1 change
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Munich is an important part of the highways of the southern part of Germany. From it originates movement to various parts of the country. From it you can go to Austria and Italy.

There are several transport rings in the city: Old city, autobahn and average. Traffic on cars is greatly complicated by constant traffic jams.

Taxi

A taxi in the city is not cheap, the landing costs 3.5 euros, plus you pay 1.5 -1.8 euros for each kilometer. Also, if you have large luggage, the taxi driver will charge you 1.2 euros.

Bicycles

Munich is a city where cycling is well developed. It will cost you 3 euros per hour to rent a bike. Gathered to ride all day - 15 euros. (As elsewhere, you will be charged a deposit - 50 euros).

Tours

If you are going to visit Munich, the Tripster service will help you choose an excursion to your liking. Excellent guides or ordinary people living in Munich are ready to show you the city, its sights and beauties.

Where to stay in Munich

We suggest you take a look at the hotels that are located near the city center.

Hotel	stardom	Discount	Price per night, from	Select dates
BEYOND by Geisel	★★★★★		53 976 34 842
Mercure Hotel Munchen Altstadt	★★★		10 731 9 955
	★★★		11 959 11 248
Mandarin Oriental, Munich	★★★★★		41 420 34 955
	★★★★★		28 507 25 814
Hotel an der Oper	★★★★		13 575 12 476
	★★★★		14 351 13 122
	★★★★		12 562 11 722
	★★★		9 890 5 559
	★★★★		11 700 10 407
	★★★		7 757 5 559
	★★★		12 411 11 506
	★★★		6 270 5 559

Vladimir Dergachev, photographs by Anton and Vladimir Dergachev

The Bavarian State Chancellery is located on the east side of the Hofgarten Park opposite the Munich Royal Residence.In the center of the park is the pavilion "Temple of Diana" (1615).

The population of Germany is divided into two parts -
those who live in Munich and those who dream of living there"
bavarian joke

Federal state "Free State of Bavaria"- is the largest in area in Germany and one of the most highly developed regions in Europe. This country is in a country with its own traditions, but no one accuses the Bavarians of separatism. The population of Bavaria is 12.5 million people. The capital Munich (1.5 million people, 2015), located on the Isar River in the foothills of the Alps, is the third largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. According to locals, everything here is "the best" in Germany, starting from the football team. There are three main brands of the Bavarian capital - BMW, Beer and Opera (Wagner). The greatest German composer of the nineteenth century, Richard Wagner, enjoyed the special favor of the Bavarian king Ludwig II.

In international rankings, Munich has repeatedly entered the top ten cities with the most high quality life in the world and at the same time is considered one of the most expensive cities in Germany. For its high standard of living and safety, the city was nicknamed "Toytown" (toy city). German residents call the city "Millionendorf" ("village with a million people").

Munich is a major cultural, industrial and research center in Germany and Europe. The Bavarian Academy of Sciences and the Bavarian Academy are located here fine arts, the Philharmonic, the Higher School of Music, the Technical University of Munich, the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the Ukrainian Free University, the research institutes named after Max Planck and the name of Heinz Mayer-Leibniz, a nuclear research reactor and many other institutions.
One of the largest in Europe, the Bavarian State Library, has 6 million volumes. Here the future leader of the world proletariat studied political works Vladimir Ulyanov-Lenin, and then the future leader of the Third Reich, an unrecognized Austrian artist, began his political career Adolf Gitler .

Bavaria is a rich federal state, and Munich is one of the most promising European cities for investment, especially in real estate and tourism. In terms of the development of the banking system, the Bavarian capital ranks second in Germany after Frankfurt am Main. Thousands of new companies are registered in the city every year.
A powerful industrial infrastructure has been created in Munich, the headquarters of such giants as BMW, Microsoft and Siemens are located here. Rapidly developing medicine, aviation industry, protection technologies environment. One of Europe's largest Silicon Valleys (technopolises) is located in Bavaria, and Munich is considered the high-tech capital of Germany.

The world's first driver's license and car numbers were issued in Munich. The concern "Bavarian Engine Works" (BMW) is represented in Munich by the headquarters of the "Bavarian Motors". Next to the skyscraper, reminiscent of the outlines of engine cylinders, a giant advertising and entertainment complex "BMW World" was built.
Munich is famous for its brewing traditions. The world-famous Oktoberfest beer festival is held annually.

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History of Munich begins in the 8th century, when monks settled on the local hill. From here came the name from the Old High German Munichen ("at the monks"). Today on this site is the church of St. Peter. The city was first mentioned in documents in 1158, when the Duke of Saxony and Bavarian Henry, nicknamed the Lion, showed entrepreneurial spirit. He burned the only bridge across the Isar near Freising to deprive the local bishop of Salzburg's salt trade and built a new bridge near the village of Munichen. And white gold began to work for the future of the Bavarian capital.

In 1240, Munich passed into the possession of the German feudal Wittelsbach family and was their residence until 1918, and since 1806 - the capital of the Kingdom of Bavaria. After the First World War and the flight of the king in Munich on April 13, 1919, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed, which was defeated on May 3, 1919 by detachments of the local revanchist organization.

On February 24, 1920, the Nazi Party was created in the Hofbräuhaus beer hall, and in 1923, the Beer Putsch took place in another beer hall, the Bürgerbräukeller. But then the Weimar Republic resisted, Adolf Hitler was sentenced to 5 years (released after 9 months), and the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) was temporarily banned in Germany.

In 1933, after the elections to the Reichstag, the Nazis came to power and in 1934 Hitler dealt with his political opponents during Operation Night of the Long Knives. Since 1935, Munich has been officially called the "capital of the Nazi movement", where, in addition to Hitler, Heydrich and Himmler began their political careers. The Nazis did not forget about the opponents of the regime, for whom the first concentration camp in Dachau was created near the city.

In 1938, an international agreement between Germany, Italy, Great Britain and France was signed in the capital of Bavaria. As a result of the so-called "Munich Pact", part of the territory of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland) passed to Germany, and Hitler gained de facto control over the rest of Czechoslovakia.
During the Second World War, as a result of numerous bombings by British and American aircraft, many local residents and refugees were killed, and historical Center Munich was almost completely destroyed. Out of 815 thousand inhabitants, 480 thousand remained in the city, and out of 10 thousand Jews - only 746 people.

After the occupation by American troops, Munich was completely restored in the post-war years, and in 1957 its population already exceeded 1 million inhabitants. The city continued to play a significant role in the German economy, politics and culture, earning the nickname Heimliche Hauptstadt ("secret capital") of Germany. Since 1962, the International Conference on Politics and Security has been held annually in Munich in February.

One of the railway directorates of the Deutsche Bundesbahn is located in Munich.

Munich Main Station after Hamburg Main Station is the second largest in Germany in terms of passenger traffic, serving 350,000 passengers a day.

New international Airport, named after the German politician Franz Josef Strauss, was opened in 1992 and is the second largest in terms of the number of passengers served in Germany (38 million passengers per year), the leader of domestic air transportation(9 million passengers) and the base for the German national company Lufthansa. Munich is connected by autobahns to cities in Germany, Austria, Italy and Switzerland.

Munich hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics, the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cups, and the 1975, 1983 and 1993 Ice Hockey World Championships. During the 1972 Summer Olympics, a terrorist attack was carried out against Israeli athletes.

***
Located in the center of Munich Bavarian State Chancellery- the highest state body, the residence of the Prime Minister and the government of Bavaria. Here is the office

Bavarian Minister of State for Federal and European Affairs. The government building was completed in 1993.

In the past, one of the largest in Europe, the Bavarian War Museum, founded in 1879 by King Ludwig II, was located on this site. AT In 1905, a monumental palace was erected for him in the style of classicism. During the Third Reich, the residence of the Reichskommissar (governor) of Bavaria was located here. During World War II, the building was bombed. The collection of the Bavarian War Museum has been located in Ingolstadt since 1969.

In 1982, it was decided to demolish the historical palace, but the citizens of the city came out in favor of preserving the architectural monument. In the end, they came to a compromise. The central part of the building with a dome was preserved, and modern extensions made of glass and metal appeared on the sides.

Equestrian statue of the Duke of Bavaria Otto von Wittelsbach the Red (1117 - 1183), who became the first duke of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which ruled Bavaria until 1918. The monument was erected in front of the main entrance to Historical building Bavarian State Chancellery, erected in 1905.

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Munich Air Gate - Franz Josef Strauss International Airport

Many books have been published about Munich, including guidebooks. In my library there is an issue of the magazine “Around the World” (March 2009) with a detailed article about the Bavarian capital: Anastasia Butsko “Munich: between monarchy and anarchy”.