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Reserves and national parks of Russia

Reserves are specially protected territories or water areas where they try to preserve nature in its original form. To do this, in the territory of the reserve, any economic activity and tourism.

National parks are almost the same as a nature reserve, but tourism is allowed in the parks.

In total, there are 101 nature reserves in Russia and 35 national parks. Most nature reserves are located on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories.

The first nature reserve in Russia is the Barguzinsky nature reserve in Buryatia. The largest reserves are: Bolshoy Arktichny, Komandorsky and Wrangel Island.

First national park- Sochi National Park and " Moose Island" in Moscow. The largest national parks: "Udege legend", "Yudyg Va", "Tunkinsky", "Vodlozersky", Shorsky.

Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean between the East Siberian and Chukchi seas. Named after the 19th century Russian navigator and statesman Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel. The width of the island in the narrowest part is about 140 km.

The reserve "Wrangel Island" became the first Russian Arctic reserve. The total area of ​​the reserve is 795,600 hectares, 5 miles of which surround the reserve from the sea.

The climate here is very severe, strong cold winds blow here. In the period from November 22 to January 22, the sun does not rise here at all! But there is also a polar day, this is the time when the sun does not set for more than a day, it usually lasts from the 20th of May to the 20th of July.

Completely different "northern animals" live on the island, such as: arctic foxes, arctic wolves, lemmings, seals, walruses; here you can meet the owner of the island - polar bear, wolves, foxes, wolverines, ermines are often found

Wrangel Island is popular with both resident and migratory birds. Migratory birds use this skeleton as a resting point during major flights. Approximately 20 species arrive on the island and live here temporarily, and the same number live permanently in the reserve.

The reserve is home to such rare bird species as the white goose. Eiders, Icelandic sandpipers, tules, glaucous gulls, fork-tailed gulls, long-tailed skuas, snowy owls also live here.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Project "Reserves and national parks of Russia"

The relevance of the chosen topic. On the territory of Russia there are many corners of nature that are unique in their beauty. Often we do not think about the riches that nature has given us. Striving for more comfortable...

Topic: “Reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks of the Chelyabinsk region” Lesson type: Lesson-excursion Purpose of the lesson: To acquaint students with reserved places native land, animals and plants that are found ...

Presentation "Reserves and National Parks of Russia"

On this topic, a group of students under my leadership spoke at the scientific-practical conference "The Edge of Creativity", where it turned out to be a winner among the speakers. This project was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of...

Slides and text of this presentation

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Nature reserves and national parks are the pride of Russia.
MKOU "Secondary school No. 10" Kh. Perevalny Mineralovodsky district. 4th grade students. Primary school teacher Asevova Nadia Nasuevna.

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Research objectives: Drawing attention to the problem environment. To study the meaning and functions of protected areas. Get acquainted with the protected areas of Russia and reserves Stavropol Territory. Identify environmental issues. To consolidate in practice the skills of working with computer technology and educational electronic resources.
Research objectives: To characterize natural conditions and natural resources protected areas of Russia. Collect and process information and visual material on the topic. Create a travel project through the protected areas of Russia and the reserves of the Stavropol Territory in the form of electronic presentations. The object of the study is the reserves and national parks of Russia, the reserves of the Stavropol Territory. The hypothesis of the study-presentation in the study of protected areas will expand the horizons on this topic and increase interest in the protected areas of Russia and the native land.

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Preserve (the meaning of the word goes back to the word reserved, that is, "forbidden, inviolable"). The very concept of the word "reserve" is exclusively Russian. A reserve is a section of a territory (water area) where its entire natural complex is preserved in its natural state, and hunting is prohibited. In addition, any human economic activity is prohibited on the territory of the reserve, and the lands are forever withdrawn from any form of use.
The first reserve in Russia (1874) is Askania-Nova, located in the Kherson region. The oldest in Russia is the Barguzinsky nature reserve, the significance of which is still great today. He saved the amazing taiga of the Eastern Baikal region and the pearl of this taiga - the Barguzin sable

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National park-territory where human activities are restricted for the purpose of protecting the environment. Unlike nature reserves, where human activity is almost completely prohibited, tourists are allowed into the territory of national parks, economic activities are allowed on a limited scale.
The reserve is a protected natural area in which not a natural complex is protected, but some of its parts: only plants, only animals, or their certain types or separate historical-memorial or geological objects.

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As of 2017, there are about 110 nature reserves, 50 national parks, and 61 sanctuaries in Russia.

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Losiny Ostrov is one of the first national parks in Russia (created in 1983, simultaneously with Sochi), located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region. The fauna includes more than 230 species of vertebrates, including more than 160 species of birds, 38 species of mammals; 15 species are represented by fish, 10 by amphibians and 5 by reptiles.
Sochi National Park is one of the very first parks that were created on the territory of the country. The park is located in the northwest Greater Caucasus. It was created in 1983 with the aim of restoring and preserving natural complexes and objects of high scientific, recreational and environmental value. The total area of ​​the park is about 194 thousand hectares.

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There is just a temple, There is a temple of science, And there is also a temple of nature, With forests stretching their arms Towards the sun and winds. He is holy at any time of the day, Open for us in the heat and cold. Entering here, Be a sensitive heart, Do not desecrate its shrines. S.V. Smirnov

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Sources Ozhegov S.O. Dictionary of the Russian language. " Soviet Encyclopedia» Moscow 1973 Balandin R. K., Markin V. A., “100 great geographical discoveries» Moscow "Veche" 2008 Karpov G. V., "Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Young Geographer-Localist" Moscow "Pedagogy" 1981 War V. Zariy Kh., "In the mountains of Karachay-Cherkessia" Moscow "Planet" 1979 Free encyclopedia. [Electronic resource] Wikipedia https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki. Megabook (megabook). [Electronic resource] Reserves of Russia http://megabook.ru/article/Reserves%20 of Russia. Reserves and national parks. [Electronic resource] National parks of Russia http://www.zapovedniki-mira.com/nation_parks_russia.

"Barguzinsky Reserve" - ​​Total area - 263,000 ha. Birds of prey are not uncommon in the taiga. Cedar cones. There are many bears in the reserve. The average annual temperature is minus 4.4. Pine nuts are the main food for taiga animals and birds. The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve was founded in 1916. Barguzinsky sable. In January, calm sunny and frosty weather sets in.

"Almaty Reserve" - ​​Flora of Altyn-Emel Park. The tongue of the glacier cracks into numerous blocks and quickly moves down. Zaisan was inhabited by kulans. The parent rocks are represented by loess loams, pebbly and gypsum-bearing Tertiary deposits. Reptiles are represented by 25 species. The total area of ​​the park is 459620 ha.

"Alakol Reserve" - ​​In total, 33 species of mammals are found in the reserve. Vegetation. The people of the island are called Stone. On the elevated parts of the Alakol basin, low-calcareous gray soils are developed. The Delta section is south coast lake . The foot of the hills is gravelly-pebbly with loams and small solonchaks.

"Caucasian Reserve" - ​​Nature of the Caucasian Reserve. Climatic conditions. The Caucasian Reserve is located in the Western Caucasus, within the Mostovsky and Maikop regions. The reserve has the largest scientific department in Russia (more than 30 employees at the end of 2001). Undoubtedly, the most vulnerable link in natural ecosystems are large mammals.

"Altai Reserve" - ​​Iogach. Photo: A. Lotov. Yaylu. Presentation of the project before the Public Council, September 13, 2007. The Altai Biosphere Reserve (core) occupies about 10% of the territory of the Altai Republic. Object of the World natural heritage UNESCO "Altai - Golden Mountains" (1998). Pos. Involvement of the local population.

"Reserves of Russia" - Taiga, upland, oak and steppe elements are noted in the flora of the reserve. Reserves. Available, 3 species of reptiles and 5 species of amphibians.. Located on the Central Russian Upland in Lipetsk region. The publication of the study of the tract caused a sensation in the scientific world. Berkut on Olkhon island. A protected zone has been created around the reserve with total area 6,213 ha.

The main purpose of the creation of national parks and reserves is the protection of living organisms, balancing on the verge of extinction.

RESERVES

Reserves are areas of territories or water areas that are forever withdrawn from economic use, in which it is preserved in natural

condition all natural
complex.
Any kind of
types of economic activity -
hunting, logging, berry picking.

Great Arctic Reserve

Formed by Council Decree
Ministers - Government of the Russian
Federation of May 11, 1993
The main area of ​​the reserve is
to the arctic tundra subzone, and most
northern sections - to the zone of the Arctic
deserts.

Animal world

in the territory
reserve
dating 18
species
mammals

Vegetable world

Among flowering
plants especially
stands out
colorful, bright
flowering species - poppy
pillow-shaped.

Birds

live here 124
bird species from
which 55 species
reliably
nest on it
territory

BARGUZINSKY RESERVE

Square
reserve - 374
322 ha, including
15,000 ha
is
reserved
water area.
The reserve was created
in 1916.

Animal world

Barguzin
sable

Baikal
omul

ASTRAKHAN RESERVE

Astrakhan
state
natural
reserve -
nature reserve in the delta
Volga river in
Astrakhan
regions of Russia.
Established April 11
1919

Animal world

In the nature reserve
17 species live
mammals.

Vegetable world

There exists 293
plant species
Lotus pink

Birds

Registered 256
bird species, of which 97
nesting

USSURIYSKY RESERVE

Ussuri
state
natural
reserve named after
acad. V. L. Komarova
created in 1932 .
It's made for
animals that are
turn
are part of
living nature.

Animal world

Vertebrates
represented by 62 species
mammals
giant shrew
Far Eastern
forest cat
BUT
M
at
R
With
to
And

Vegetable world

There is 868
plant species
Ginseng

NATIONAL PARKS OF THE WORLD

Africa Kruger National Park.

The very first
African reserve
and one of the very first
reserves in the world.
national park
Kruger created in 1898
as a nature reserve
President's initiative
Transvaal P. Kruger.
National status
park reserve
received in 1926.

Animal world

90,000 impala antelope
27,000 African
buffaloes
17,800 zebras
11,700 elephants
9,600 wildebeest

North America. Yellowstone National Park.

Yellowstone Square
national park - about
900,000 hectares.
The park is located in the state
Wyoming (USA).
In this area are located
headwaters of major rivers
North America: Snake,
Missouri, Yellowstone,
resulting from
alpine
lakes.

Animal world

The grizzly bear is the largest carnivore

Here on the stretch of the valley
about 48 km long
more
six hundred hot
sources and steam
mines, as well as seventy
geysers.
The most famous of
Geysers in Yellowstone
- Old Faithfull.
The widespread opinion
that he erupts very
regularly - every 57
minutes.

Bison herd in the Lamar Valley

If the reserve serves as a natural standard for obtaining scientific information, then the national park is a standard for cognitive information about nature.

If the reserve serves
natural benchmark for
scientific
information, then
national park - standard
cognitive information
about nature for all citizens.

Reserves of Russia

Information about several reserves of Russia.

• Tell your classmates about the reserves of Russia and show photos.

• Nowadays, few people understand the importance of nature reserves and no one has ever thought that some species of animals can become extinct forever.

• Barguzinsky reserve - a reserve in Buryatia, located on the western slopes, at an altitude of up to 2840 m of the Barguzinsky ridge, includes the northeastern coast of Lake Baikal and part of the water area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe lake itself. The reserve (and the ridge) are named after the Barguzin River. The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve is the oldest nature reserve in Russia.

• The area of ​​the reserve is 374,322 hectares, including 15,000 hectares of protected water area.

• Elk, musk deer, white hare, brown bear, shrew, black-capped marmot, hazel grouse live in the Barguzinsky Reserve - a total of 41 species of mammals. In the waters of the reserve there are omul, whitefish, sturgeon, grayling, taimen, lenok and other fish species.

• It was founded in 1992 on the basis of the Dzherginsky state complex reserve that existed since 1974. State nature reserve"Dzherginsky" is located in the Kurumkansky district of the Republic of Buryatia. The reserve is located in the North-Eastern Baikal region at the junction of three large mountain ranges- Barguzinsky, Ikatsky and South Muya ranges.

• Dzherginsky Reserve" is a state natural reserve.

• The area of ​​the reserve is 238.088 thousand hectares, of which 0.894 thousand hectares are occupied by water. A 2 km wide buffer zone with a total area of ​​about 7.5 million hectares has been created around the reserve.

• Currently, 201 species of vertebrate animals have been noted in the reserve: 6 species of fish, 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 145 birds, 43 mammals. .

• Larch forests predominate in the forest belt. On the this moment More than 650 species of vascular plants have been identified in the reserve. 29 species of rare and endemic plants have been identified on the territory of the reserve.

• The Baikal State Natural Biosphere Reserve was established by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of September 26, 1969 No. 571 on the basis of the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the Buryat ASSR of December 31, 1968 No. 461.

• The area is 165,724 hectares, taking into account the changes made by the order of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated June 20, 1973 No. 366-r.

• There are 49 species of mammals, 251 species are birds, amphibians and reptiles - 6, fish - 12.

• 787 species of plants grow in the reserve, about 70% of the territory is occupied by forests in the reserve. Common list rare, endemic and relict plants of the reserve is about 40 species.

• 1) From the lessons of geography and biology.
• 2) From the Internet.
• 3) From the book "Reserves of Russia"