April 26, 2016 marks exactly 30 years since the terrible accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. It was biggest disaster in the history of nuclear energy: both in terms of the number of victims and damage, and in terms of the number of forces and means involved in the course.

On April 26, 1986, at 01:23 local time, an explosion occurred at the fourth power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The structure of the power unit partially collapsed, there was a significant release of a huge amount of radioactive materials into environment. One person died directly from the explosion - the pump operator Valery Khodemchuk (his body was never found during the analysis of the rubble), in the morning of the same day Vladimir Shashenok, the adjustment engineer of the automation system, died from burns and a spinal injury sustained during a fire at the power unit in the medical unit.

Over the next three months, 29 people died from the immediate consequences of the accident (injuries, severe stages of radiation sickness) in various medical institutions. The next 15 years claimed the lives of more than 60 people who suffered from the effects of radiation exposure. Tens of thousands of people, liquidators and local residents, one way or another, suffer from the consequences of the accident: diseases of the thyroid gland, hematopoietic system, neuropsychiatric disorders. There is still no rigorous scientific data on the consequences of the disaster for future generations, although their presence is obvious.

Memorial plaque at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in memory of Valery Khodemchuk, who died in the explosion of the reactor, whose body was never found during the removal of rubble

As a result of an accident at a nuclear power plant, a radioactive cloud formed at the reactor due to an explosion and subsequent fire, which fell out in the form of precipitation over the vast territory of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Now this territory has turned into an "exclusion zone", access to it is limited, any economic activity banned, the population decreased hundreds of times.

In the spring and summer of 1986, 116 thousand people were evacuated from the "exclusion zone" of the nuclear power plant: these are the cities of Pripyat and Chernobyl and many villages in Ukraine, Belarus and partly Russia. The evacuation was delayed due to the government's fear of publicizing the extent of the disaster, thousands of people due to ignorance received large doses of radiation. People left their homes in a hurry, they were allowed to take with them only documents and some clothes, the subsequent compensation, of course, did not cover the cost of all the lost property. In subsequent years, another 270 thousand people were relocated from the zone of strict radiation control to safer conditions.

More than 600 thousand people from all over the Union and thousands of units of special equipment were involved in the elimination of the consequences of the accident. In total, in 1986-1991, the USSR spent 18 billion US dollars to eliminate the accident, 35% of this amount was allocated for social assistance to the victims, 17% was spent on resettlement. Financing for the elimination of the consequences of the accident is ongoing, Ukraine, Belarus and Russia have their own assistance programs for the victims, international organizations finance the construction of a new protective dome (sarcophagus) over the damaged power unit.

The terrible catastrophe at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant demonstrated the fragility of our ecology, caused a new surge of fierce discussions about the safe use of nuclear energy, and generally left the most impressive mark in history. It had a huge impact on modern culture (especially in the CIS countries, which were most affected by the disaster). Dozens of writers, poets, musicians and filmmakers have been inspired to create new works.

Cinema

The "Chernobyl theme" in world cinema, literature and music appears almost immediately after the tragedy of 1986.

"Bell of Chernobyl", 1987

One of the first documentaries about the Chernobyl accident was The Bell of Chernobyl, released in 1987. Vladimir Sinelnikov and Rolland Sergienko started shooting the film already in May 1986, right after the disaster. The film tells about the aftermath of the accident, it contains interviews with scientists, engineers, workers and local residents. "The Bell of Chernobyl" entered the Guinness Book of Records as a film shown in all countries of the world where there is television. At least that's why it's worth watching.

"A second before the disaster", 2004

The Chernobyl accident is narrated by one of the episodes of the popular American television project “A Second Before the Disaster” by the National Geographic Channel, in which the chronology of the accident is minutely restored using computer graphics and official documents. The creators of the series carefully analyze the causes and consider the events that could lead to disaster.

"Battle for Chernobyl", 2006

In 2006, the Discovery Channel released the film "Battle for Chernobyl", which includes a large number of previously unpublished materials: photographs, data, recently discovered secret photo and video archives. It contains eyewitness accounts of the tragedy, interviews with the liquidators, Gorbachev's memoirs, opinions of researchers, ecologists and geneticists who assess the scale of the catastrophe. A realistic scene of April 1986 was recreated with the help of computer graphics.

Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster, 2006

In the same year, the BBC film Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster was released, one of the series of the Surviving Disaster documentary project. The creators tell the story of the disaster in a dramatic way, based only on confirmed facts.

"Chernobyl. 3828", 2011

Released in 2011 documentary"Chernobyl. 3828 "- telling about the tragic fate of the liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. One of the highest quality and most serious films on the subject.

"Disintegration", 1990

The Chernobyl disaster had a strong influence on feature cinema, where directors tried to show the impact of the tragedy on human relations and on the attitude of the characters. The first feature film about the Chernobyl disaster was Decay, directed by Mikhail Belikov, about a journalist trying to get the truth about the accident. There are several storylines in the film at once: the family drama of a journalist whose wife cheated, the relationship of the newlyweds who got married on the day of the disaster in the "City of Power Engineers", the story of a boy who remained in an infected city, all of them take place against the backdrop of the events at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

"On Saturday", 2011

The 2011 film directed by Alexander Mindadze "On Saturday" shows the events of the first 24 hours after the accident. The film does not directly name the city and time of events, but the reference to the Chernobyl accident is obvious. The protagonist becomes an unwitting witness to the disaster, almost accidentally learns the truth about the tragedy and is faced with a moral choice: to save people or follow the orders of his superiors and not spread panic. The film was included in the competition program of the 61st Berlin International Film Festival, and also received a prize for best movie at the festival in Brussels.

"Land of oblivion", 2011

In 2011, a French-Ukrainian film was released, telling about the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and its consequences with Olga Kurylenko in leading role. Favorably differs from other feature films in that part of the filming was carried out directly in the "exclusion zone" under the supervision of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine.

"Forbidden Zone", 2012

In 2012, Oren Peli, director of the famous Paranormal Activity film series, directed the dark horror film The Forbidden Zone, a story about a group of friends who, while traveling through Europe, decide to visit Pripyat. The film contains a large number of blunders, and in general, in terms of its quality, there are not enough stars from the sky, but it has the right to exist. It is only worth noting that all the scenes of the film were filmed in Serbia and Hungary, apparently to protect the actors from the harmful effects of radiation.

"Pripyat. Left Behind", 2016

Young Russian and Ukrainian filmmakers, in response to Oren Peli, made a mockumentary “Pripyat. Left Behind, which tells a similar story about American tourists who went missing in Pripyat. The tape should be released on movie screens in 2016.

"Moths", 2013

In 2013, Ukrainian director Vitaliy Vorobyov shot the four-episode film Moths, which tells about the tragic love story of a high school student Ali and a conscript soldier Pasha, unfolding against the backdrop of the Chernobyl accident. Almost like the old story of Romeo and Juliet, only the place of the jealous Italian clans here was taken by lethal doses of radiation and troops evacuating the population from the "exclusion zone". The series was included in the list of "10 best Russian TV series of 2014" according to the Afisha magazine.

"Chernobyl. Exclusion zone", 2014

"Chernobyl. Exclusion Zone is a Russian television series commissioned by the TNT channel. Mysticism, time travel, mysterious creatures, twisted plot. In general, one could put an end to this place, but in 2014, Chernobyl surprisingly outstripped the record first season of Fizruk in ratings and was also included in the list of the 10 best Russian TV series according to Afisha. How it happened we do not know, but the fact remains.

"Chernobyl: the last warning", 1991

Hollywood did not cover the topic of the Chernobyl disaster in feature films as widely, preferring documentaries. The disaster in Chernobyl, the nuclear plant itself or the abandoned Pripyat became the scene of individual scenes of several films at once, for example, Transformers 3, Die Hard 5, Godzilla, but the detailed films about the disaster themselves did not appear.

Only the 1991 television film Chernobyl: The Final Warning starring Jon Voight, Angelina Jolie's father, can be singled out. The tape tells more about real life American physician Robert Peter Gale. He responded to the invitation of the USSR leadership to help in the treatment of radiation sickness, leukemia and bone marrow transplantation for the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and led the international medical team to eliminate the consequences of the accident.

It is worth noting that the Chernobyl accident also featured in the legendary X-Files and in several episodes of The Simpsons. It can also be said that it was the Chernobyl disaster that largely inspired the creators of the wonderful domestic animated series "Atomic Forest".

The science

The Chernobyl disaster provided enormous practical material for studying radiation and its effects on humans and other living organisms.

A big push was received by radiation medicine, which received dozens of "guinea pigs" with a variety of manifestations of radiation sickness and radiation damage. The effectiveness of many anti-radiation drugs and new methods of treatment has been practically proven. To the credit of Soviet medicine, it must be said that if it were not for the selfless and often dangerous work of doctors and scientists, there could have been much more victims of the disaster.

After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, various commissions carried out a comprehensive analysis of the causes of the disaster, on the basis of this “work on mistakes”, safety instructions were improved, and special equipment used in nuclear energy was modernized.

The side effect that the creation of the "exclusion zone" around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant brought with it is also extremely interesting. In the territory where all economic activity was stopped, and from where the entire population was evicted, wild nature flourished in full bloom. In Belarus, where the "exclusion zone" is much larger than in Ukraine, in 1988 they created the Polessky State Radiation and Ecological Reserve. Now bison, lynxes and wolves live there. Later, a population of Przhevalsky horses was even brought there, which settled perfectly in a new place and give numerous viable offspring.

Biologists closely monitor the development of the animal population in the reserve, using the unique opportunity to observe a piece wildlife almost in the center of Europe. It must be said that there are no out-of-the-ordinary mutations or problems with the development of animals in the "atomic reserve". On the contrary, in the absence of chemical pollution, hunters and epidemics from livestock, local forest dwellers feel quite at ease, multiply and multiply at an impressive pace.

"Radioactive Wolves of Chernobyl"

In 2011, an interesting documentary film by the Belarusian animal filmmaker Igor Byshnev "Radioactive Wolves of Chernobyl" was released, which, together with scientists and filmmakers from the USA, Germany and Austria, spent a year and a half in the "zone", filming the life of wildlife. Here you will see packs of wolves running among abandoned houses, bison grazing peacefully against the backdrop of the Chernobyl pipes and schools of oily fish swimming in the cooling pond of the nuclear power plant.

Literature

The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant left its mark in the literature. The most important place is occupied by the memoirs of the liquidators of the Chernobyl disaster. This is documentary evidence of the heroes of that time, people who did not allow the scale of the accident to grow. There are dozens of such books, among them one can note “Chernobyl. Revenge of the Peaceful Atom" by Nikolai Karpan, who at the time of the accident was the Deputy Chief Engineer of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant for Science and Nuclear Safety. The author collected and processed a large amount of data on the accident, the parameters of the accident process, entries in operational logs, eyewitness accounts, analyzed the design characteristics of the reactor, and also attended court hearings in the accident case. As a result, this book has become one of the most authoritative and factually accurate studies of the disaster.

Noteworthy are "Chernobyl notebooks" and "Nuclear tan" by Grigory Medvedev, a direct participant in the design and construction of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, who participated in the aftermath of the disaster. He was heavily irradiated, spent seven months in the hospital and, based on the results of his research, wrote worthy works. According to the famous academician Sakharov, Medvedev's "Chernobyl Notebooks" "is a competent and fearlessly truthful story about the tragedy, a complete first-hand testimony, free from omissions and departmental" diplomacy ". On the other hand, many direct participants in the Chernobyl accident dispute the accuracy of the information in Medvedev's writings, point to factual errors and inaccuracies in the description of the operation of the reactor and other systems.

Another view is presented in the book “Chernobyl. How it was” Anatoly Dyatlov, the former deputy chief engineer for the operation of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, who, according to the official version, was found one of the perpetrators of the accident. Despite the fact that during the aftermath of the disaster, Dyatlov received a large dose of radiation and fell ill with radiation sickness, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison. After the intercession of prominent figures in science, including the same academician Sakharov, he was released ahead of schedule after 4 years of serving his sentence and was finally able to set out to present his view of those events.

You can get acquainted with the book by Sergei Belyakov "Liquidator", with the memoirs of academician Valery Legasov, who did a great job of eliminating the consequences of the accident, the work of Yuri Shcherbak "Chernobyl". There are a huge number of books about Chernobyl and most of them are really good.

Among the works of fiction, it is worth noting the story of Vladimir Yavorivsky "Wormwood", which appeared as a result of his correspondent work at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant during the accident, Alexander Kramer's story "Black ... (reality)", Sergei Mirny's novel "Living Force. Diary of the Liquidator, released in 2010 and full of comic and dramatic adventures of liquidators based on real stories.

A separate category is made up of numerous fantasy novels based on the Stalker universe, one way or another connected with Chernobyl. For the most part, this is simple pulp fiction, such as: "The Saga of Death: Mist", "Heart of the Deserter", "Mutant Hunters". Surely, among them there are really interesting works, but we are too lazy to read them all in order to find this diamond in a barrel of mutants, invaders, artifacts and other garbage.

Music

The topic of the Chernobyl disaster was touched upon by a variety of performers in their works. Already in 1988, the Russian composer Mikael Tariverdiev wrote a symphony for the organ "Chernobyl", Adriano Celentano dedicated the song "Sognando Chernobyl" ("I dream of Chernobyl") to the tragedy, and the recently deceased David Bowie, impressed by what happened, created the hit "Time Will Crawl" , which he admitted in his interview.

• David Bowie

The accident and its consequences are dedicated to "Chernobyl Zone" by Taras Petrinenko, "Chernobyl Foreva" by the group "Scriabin", "Destroyed the Night" by the group "Red Mold", Lumen "Heaven", "By You" by the Belarusian group "NAKA", the debut album of 2011 “There will be gentle rain” of the Kosmodromm project and dozens and dozens of other compositions of various genres. Even Nikita Dzhigurda was noted with the author's song "Chernobyl pain".

And just now, the Ukrainian electro-folk group ONUKA recorded a mini-album Vidlik dedicated to Chernobyl.

• Onuka-Vidlik

The Exclusion Zone has become a popular location for filming music videos. The ruins of Pripyat were set by British rapper Example, Ukrainian singer Alyosha and Australian band Fractures.

• Fractures - It's Alright

In 2014, Pink Floyd, especially for the anniversary re-release of the album The Division Bell, released in 1994, shot a gorgeous video for the song Marooned, which demonstrates the unique footage of Pripyat.

• Pink Floyd

video games

Leadership here is, of course, S .T .A .L .K .E .R . from Ukrainians GSC Game World. The first part of the series "S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl", released in 2007, made a splash all over the world. A first-person shooter with RPG elements made it possible for everyone to travel around the Zone. The game mixed the history of the Chernobyl accident and the world of books by the Strugatsky brothers, and this mixture gave an excellent result. By the time the third part of S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Call of Pripyat was released in 2009, the game had become a cult game and gained millions of fans around the world. Until now, there is a powerful gaming community around Stalker, which produces new amateur modifications. The cultural phenomenon of Stalker has stepped far beyond the gaming world - several fanfiction novels about the game universe are released every year, amateur short films are shot, role-players have firmly adopted the Stalker theme for their games using airsoft weapons and other paraphernalia.

Pripyat and Chernobyl appeared in both parts of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare. During the execution of two missions, you will be able to see the fourth power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and run through the streets of the abandoned Pripyat. In Modern Warfare 2, the map from the first part was ported and players are given the opportunity to once again visit familiar places in the “special mission” mode.

The Chernobyl series of games by the indie firm Silden and Play Publishing, launched in 2011, is an example of how not to make games. The guys tried to ride on the popularity of the Chernobyl theme and piled up a base, boring shooter that amazes with its monotony and stupidity.

Noteworthy is the Half-Life: Chernobyl mod, which appeared on pirated discs in 2003. The action of a small modification takes place during the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Tourism

"Exclusion Zone", and in particular the part of it dead city Soviet nuclear scientists Pripyat, became a real Mecca extreme tourism. Only local workers, relatives of local residents or tourists with accompanying persons can legally visit the zone. But the procedure for issuing a pass is simple - and every year thousands of tourists take the opportunity to visit the territory of the local apocalypse.

The level of radiation in some places exceeds the permissible by 30 times, but this does not stop those who want to look at the largest monument to a man-made disaster. If you strictly follow the instructions, do not eat the berries that grow rapidly here, do not touch glaring objects with your bare hands, do not swallow dust, then the dose received will not be higher than that which you will receive during a transatlantic air flight.

And with the implementation of the rules it is better to be really careful. For example, in the Pripyat hospital (and this is one of the main attractions of the tour), there are a lot of interesting items lying around: flasks, syringes, clamps and scalpels - you just want to take something as a keepsake. But it must be remembered that it was here that the first victims were brought to extinguish the fire of the fourth power unit, and such an unremarkable item as the comforter of one of the liquidators now emits more than 10,000 microroentgens per hour, while the normal background is only 20-30 microroentgens. Take one in your hands and your future children (if any) will definitely not thank you.

Most of the "exclusion zone" is located in the Kyiv region of Ukraine, from the capital you can get here by car in just one and a half to two hours. At the checkpoint "Dityatki" tourists are met by police officers, they compare passport data with pre-sent lists and pass everyone through the barbed wire without any problems.

An excursion to Pripyat will cost about 150 US dollars, excluding tickets to Kyiv and back. In cost one day tour includes travel by a comfortable bus from Kyiv, registration of an entry permit and support of a licensed guide throughout the route. The tour includes a visit observation deck at the gate of the fourth power unit with a view of the Sarcophagus, a walk along Pripyat with a visit to the most notable sights: the Polesie hotel, schools, kindergarten, a hospital, a swimming pool and a Ferris wheel, as well as an optional visit to the Chernobyl 2 facility and a meeting with self-settlers in the village of Parishiv.

The "exclusion zone" of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is traditionally included in the list of the most exotic tourist destinations along with Antarctica and North Korea. Over the past 15 years, the number of official tourists has already exceeded several tens of thousands. Needless to say, this stream has grown significantly since the release of S.T.A.L.K.E.R.

In addition to official groups, illegal tourists regularly make their way to the territory of the “exclusion zone”, every year the police detain about 400 stalkers on the territory of the “zone”. But they face only an administrative fine of about 1.5 thousand rubles, and such a punishment does not stop extreme people who want to explore the "zone" on their own.

***

Since 2004, April 26 has been celebrated in the CIS countries as the International Day of Remembrance for Victims of Radiation Accidents and Catastrophes. The liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant still live among us, many suffer from the consequences of radiation exposure, serious illnesses and echoes of injuries received while working in the accident zone. If it were not for these victims, the dedication and courage that they showed during the work to eliminate the consequences of the disaster, radiation contamination would have affected much larger territories and would have affected the lives of an immeasurably greater number of people.

Chernobyl

The Chernobyl accident. Chronology of events. April 26, which divides the history of Ukraine into two periods - before and after the crash.

Here is a brief chronology of the most important dates associated with the Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Nuclear Power Plant in Chernobyl.

Accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant per minute, also included the years of events from 1970 to 2016.

1966

The Council of Ministers of the USSR issues a resolution of June 29, 1966, which approves the plan for commissioning nuclear power plants throughout the entire USSR.

According to preliminary calculations, the commissioned nuclear power plants were supposed to generate 8,000 MW, which compensates for the shortage of electricity in central area southern part.

1967

From 1966 to 1967, work was underway to find suitable territories. The work was carried out by the Kyiv branch of the design institute "Teploelektroproekt". As part of the research, sixteen territories were studied, mainly in the Kyiv, Vinnitsa and Zhytomyr regions.

Territory surveys continued until January 1967. As a result, it was decided to stop on the territory in the Chernobyl region, on January 18, 1967, the territory was officially approved by the Board of the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR.

On February 2, 1967, the Board of the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR approved the project for the construction of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.

On September 29, 1967, reactors were approved to be installed at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.

Three of them have been approved:

• graphite-water reactor RBMK-1000;
• graphite-gas reactor RK-1000;
• pressurized water reactor VVER.
• Based on the results of the considered options, it was decided to choose the RBMK-1000 graphite-water reactor.

1970

The Directorate of the Chernobyl NPP was formed. Projects and urban planning plans for the city of Pripyat were approved, and its construction began.

May 1970 the marking of the first pit for the first power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was made.

1972

The formation of a special water tank begins to cool the reactors. The reservoir was formed by changing the riverbed and building a dam in this channel, as a result, in addition to the dam, the Pripyat River acquired a wide navigable canal.

1976

October 1976 tank filling procedure started.

1977

May 1977 start-up and adjustment work at the first power unit.

1978

1979

Pripyat receives city rights.

The Chernobyl nuclear power plant produced 10 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity.

1981

1982

On September 1, a malfunction of reactor No. 1 was recorded. Slight contamination of some damaged evaporation fuel units.

On September 9, the fuel assembly was destroyed and an emergency rupture of process channel No. 62-44 occurred.

Due to the rupture, the graphite laying of the core was deformed, and a significant amount of radioactive substances from the destroyed fuel assembly was thrown into the reactor space.

The reactor was repaired and restarted. Information about the accident was published only in 1985.

1983

The construction of reactor No. 4 has been completed.

1984

On August 21, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant produced 100 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity.

1986

“The probability of the destruction of the core occurs once every 10,000 years. Power plants are safe and reliable. They are protected from destruction by three security systems,” said Vitaliy Sklyarov, Minister of Energy and Electrification of Ukraine.

Start of preparations for the reactor 4 turbocharger test. The reactor power has been reduced.

The reactor power has been reduced to 1600 MW, which is half the nominal value.

Reducing the power intended for the reactor's own needs. Generator shutdown 2.

At this hour, the reactor power is expected to reach only 30 percent. Power, at the request of the dispatcher of the Kyiv Energy District, was reduced for several hours. 23:00 the reactor was operating at 50 percent. Rated power.

The reactor power was reduced to 1600 MW, at which the experiment was carried out. From the operator "Kievenergo" made a ban on further reduction of capacity.

The ban on power reduction has been lifted, and a new stage of power reduction has begun.

26 April

The night shift took over the reactor.

The reactor power was reduced to the planned 700 MW.

The reactor power dropped to 500 MW. Due to the complexity of the steering, the xenon core was "poisoned", as a result of which the thermal power of the reactor decreased to 30 MW. To increase the power of the reactor, the crew removed the control rods. Only 18 rem remained in the core, but at least 30 rem is needed.

The reactor power was increased to 200 MW. To prevent automatic shutdown of the reactor, the personnel blocked the safety system.

A sharp decrease in the reactivity of the reactor.

Start of testing of the turbogenerator. Turbine valves have been cut off. The power of the reactor began to grow uncontrollably.

The emergency braking of the control rods did not work because they jammed the channels (and reached a depth of 2-2.5 m instead of a full thrust of 7 m).

A rapid increase in steam power and reactor power (within a few seconds, the power was about 100 times higher than the required value).

The fuel overheated, the zirconia surrounding it ruptured and the molten fuel leaked, and then the pressure channels ruptured. This began to lead to an exothermic reaction.

An emergency signal has been given

The first explosion happened

There was a second explosion - water vapor was released first, then hydrogen was released. The reactor and parts of the structure were destroyed.

As a result of the explosion, a 2000-ton plate was thrown back onto the reactor vessel. Waste graphite core and molten fuel are discarded.

It is estimated that about 8 out of 140 tons of fuel leaked from the reactor.

The fire brigade accepted the call from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and moved out to extinguish the fire.

An additional fire brigade left the city of Pripyat.

A fire alarm has been issued. Employees attempted to start the reactor's cooling systems, hoping they had not been damaged in the explosion.

Arriving firefighters of the first crew begin to put out the fire on the roof of the turbine hall.

The absence of a measuring device was established, the first device was damaged during the explosion. The second is located in a zone cut off by rubble. The second fire brigade arrived, some of the firefighters are engaged in extinguishing the fire, the other part of the fire brigade is analyzing the rubble for access to the measuring equipment.

Firefighters begin to vomit, the skin begins to burn under clothing.

The Department of the Ministry of the Interior manages the crisis personnel meeting.

It was decided to put blocks on the road. Fire and police brigades are called.

The officers are not well trained - they do not have dosimeters and protective clothing.

Viktor Bryukhanov, plant manager, arrives at the crisis management center located in a bunker under administrative building gym.

The authorities notified the central authorities about what happened in Moscow.

The ignition is blocked, the possibility of the fire spreading to other rooms is excluded.

Other firefighters arrived from Polesye and Kyiv.

The fire is completely extinguished.

188 firefighters were called to the scene of the accident.

The exposed firefighters were evacuated to the Radiological Hospital No. 6 in Moscow. Air ambulances were used for evacuation.

The morning shift came to the power plant. Construction work began at the construction site of reactors 5 and 6. 286 people worked there.

A decision was made to supply water to the area of ​​the damaged reactor.

A status report was sent to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

The government commission was headed by Valery Legasov. The specialists who arrived at the scene did not expect to see parts of the graphite fuel channels.

The data of measuring instruments were received, the level of pollution was established, and a decision was made to evacuate the population.

Requests were sent to neighboring districts and the city of Kyiv for the allocation of transport for the evacuation of the population.

The transport department of the city of Kyiv gives an order to remove all suburban buses from the routes and direct transport to the city of Chernobyl.

Checkpoints have been set up on roads within a radius of 30 kilometers to prevent the movement of civilians across the infected area.

Reactors 1 and 2 are disabled.

The administration of the city of Pripyat collects all administrative personnel.

The administrative personnel of hospitals, schools, kindergartens are instructed.

The processing of the city begins. Laundry soap and additional water tanks were placed in all toilets of the city. It was necessary to repeat the processing of the premises every hour.

All schools began to work, without fail all children were measured with a radiation device, medical personnel issued tablets containing iodine.

The processing of the forest area around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant has begun.

Police officers were briefed. The district police officers made a detour and counted residential buildings, taking into account the number of people living in them.

The first emissions of sand, boron and lead began over the destroyed reactor No. 4.

Two thousand buses and more than a hundred units of military equipment have been assembled on the border of the city of Chernobyl.

Schoolchildren were sent home with instructions to stay in their apartments. A general briefing has begun in the city.

Momentary drop in radioactivity around the power plant.

Conducted briefing in the city police department. The city is divided into six sectors. A responsible person was assigned to each, two police officers were assigned to each entrance of a residential building.

Police officers arrived at their places and began briefing and collecting residents.

An official announcement about the accident and the planned evacuation of the population was broadcast on the radio.

The evacuation of people from Pripyat began. Almost 50 thousand. People left their homes within 3.5 hours. For this purpose, 1,200 buses were used.,

Police officers examined the city of Pripyat, recorded the absence of civilians.

Increased radioactivity in the air around the Swedish nuclear power plant in Forsmark.

Moscow television reported on an "incident" at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

The Danish Institute of Nuclear Physics reported that it is most likely that the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant completely melted the reactor.

The Soviet media reported the death of two people as a result of the accident, the destruction of the reactor unit and the evacuation of the population.

At that time, American spy satellites took the first photographs of the destroyed reactor.

Analysts were shocked by what they saw - a damaged reactor roof and a glowing mass of molten reactor core.

To date, more than 1,000 tons of material have been dropped from helicopters into the destroyed reactor block.

The wind changed direction, and the radioactive cloud began to move towards Kyiv. Solemn processes were held on the occasion of the May 1 holiday.

May 2

The employees of the liquidation commission found that the core of the exploded reactor is still melting. At that time, the core contained 185 tons of nuclear fuel, and the nuclear reaction continued at a terrifying rate.

Beneath the 185 tons of molten nuclear material was a reservoir of five million gallons of water. This water was needed as a coolant, and a thick concrete slab separated the nuclear fuel and the water tank.

For molten nuclear fuel, a thick concrete slab was not a sufficient obstacle, the melting core burned through this slab, going down to the water.

If the hot core of the reactor comes into contact with water, a massive, radiation-contaminated steam explosion will occur. The result could be the radioactive contamination of much of Europe. In terms of the death toll, the first Chernobyl explosion would have looked like a minor incident.

Engineers have developed a plan according to which it is possible to avoid a steam explosion. To do this, drain the water in the tank. To drain the water, it is necessary to open the valves located in the flooded radioactive zone.

Three people volunteered for the task:

• Alexey Ananenko senior engineer
• Valery Baspalov mid-level engineer
• Boris Baranov shift supervisor

All of them understood that the dose of radioactive substances that they would receive during the dive would be fatal for them.

It was about opening the valves in the water tank, which was located under the damaged reactor, in order to prevent another explosion - a mixture of graphite and other materials with a temperature of more than 1200 degrees Celsius with water.

The scuba divers plunged into a dark pond and with difficulty found the necessary valves, manually opened them, after which the water was drained. After their return, they were taken to the hospital, by the time of hospitalization they had an acute stage of radiation sickness, they could not be saved.

Work has begun on the construction of a tunnel under reactor No. 4 in order to install a special cooling system there.

A 30-kilometer zone was created around the reactor, from which 90,000 people were evacuated.

A special embankment was built to protect it from pollution.

Reducing radioisotope releases.

Firefighters pump water from the basement under the reactor core.

From radiation in Chernobyl, they began to give Lugol's drug.

It was decided to start building a sarcophagus over the destroyed reactor block No. 4.

The Chernobyl Atomic Energy Board was fired, accusing it of "lack of responsibility and gaps in the supervision of the reactor."

Russia sent the first report after that to the International Atomic Energy Agency.

There it was discovered that an extraordinary sequence of events, negligence, mismanagement and security breaches led to the disaster.

Reactor #1 was turned on again.

Work continued on the construction of reactors 5 and 6.

Reactor No. 2 was turned on. Hans Blixa, director of the International Atomic Energy Agency, visited Chernobyl.

The work on assembling the sarcophagi for reactor block 4 has been completed, they are designed for 30 years of radiation protection.

400 thousand tons of concrete and more than 7 thousand tons of metal were used.

1987

Reactor #3 started producing electricity again.

Work on the construction of reactors 5 and 6 was stopped.

1989

Shutdown of reactor No. 2 after a turbine fire. Importantly, there was no risk of infection.

The final decision was made to stop the construction of reactors 5 and 6.

1991

Fire in the turbine hall of reactor No. 2.

Power unit No. 2 was put into operation after a major overhaul. While reaching the set power level, one of the turbine generators of the power unit spontaneously turned on.

The reactor power was 50% of the thermal power - at that time one turbine generator of the unit (425 MW) was operating.

The second turbogenerator, which spontaneously turned on, worked in the “motor” mode for only 30 seconds.

As a result of work in the turbogenerator, large axle loads arose, which led to the complete destruction of the turbogenerator shaft bearings.

The destruction of the bearings led to depressurization (decompression) of the generator, which led to the release of a large number oils and hydrogen. As a result, there was a big fire.

During the subsequent investigation of the causes of the accident, it was found that the inclusion of the turbogenerator was caused by the fact that the turbogenerator was not protected from the mode of connection to the network on the run-out of the rotor.

Spontaneous closing occurred as a result of loss of insulation between the cable controlling the closing of the circuit breaker and the cable through which the signal about the disconnected state of the circuit breaker is transmitted.

A defect was made in the installation of cables - signal and control cables are placed in one tray.

This accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant did not lead to significant pollution of the territory of the exclusion zone. The specific activity of the release is estimated within 3.6*10 -5 Ci.

1992

The Ukrainian authorities are announcing a competition for new construction, which will include a hastily built sarcophagus on reactor building 4.

There were 394 proposals, but only one was considered worthwhile - the construction of a sliding installation.

Assembly testing of structures in Italy. Delivery of the first components for the construction of the sarcophagus.

Raised the first eastern fragment of the dome (5300 tons, 53 m)

2013

A fragment of the roof over reactor block 4 was destroyed by snow pressure. Fortunately, the construction was not compromised.

The second operation to lift the first eastern fragment (9,100 tons, 85.5 m)

The third operation to raise the first eastern fragment (11,516 tons, 109 m)

October November

Construction of a new and dismantling of the old chimney for power unit No. 3.

2014

The first part of the structure was completed and moved to the car park (12,500 t, 112 m)

The first operation to raise the second western fragment of the sarcophagus (4,579 tons, 23 m)

The second operation to raise the second western fragment (8352 tons, 85 m).

The third operation to raise the second western fragment of the dome (12,500 tons, 112 m)

2015

The beginning of the raising of the inclined side walls of the sarcophagus.

Work began on the electrical and ventilation systems inside the dome.

Docking of two parts of the new sarcophagus.

Introduction of new equipment for the dome.

2016

Beginning of the ladle shift operation above reactor block 4 and the old sarcophagus.

Solemn completion of work on the construction of a new dome over the 4th reactor block.

Chernobyl disaster - an accident at the fourth reactor of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant at 1:23 am on April 26, 1986. This is the largest nuclear power accident in the world and we can say that the Chernobyl tragedy is the largest technological disaster of the 20th century.

The Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP) is located in the city of Pripyat, not far from the center of Chernobyl, practically at the junction of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. That is why these 3 union republics suffered the most from the accident.

Chronology of events

On the night of April 25-26, it was planned to conduct an experiment at the fourth power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The essence of the experiment was to reduce the power of the power unit from 3200 megawatts (nominal power of the unit) to 700 megawatts. It was because of this experiment that the accident happened.

Before starting to understand what the Chernobyl accident is, I propose to dwell on the chronology of the events of April 25 and 26, 1986. This will allow you to track the real events that took place in those days, as well as get facts for further analysis.

• 01:06 - a phased reduction in reactor power began.
• 13:05 - Reactor power reduced by 50% to 1600 MW.
• 14:00 - at the request of the dispatchers, the power reduction was stopped. A few minutes earlier, the reactor's emergency cooling system had been turned off.
• 23:05 - the beginning of a new reduction in power.

• 00:28 - Reactor power drops to 500 megawatts, goes into automatic mode and suddenly drops to 30 megawatts, which is 1% of the nominal power.
• 00:32 - To restore power, the operators remove the rods from the reactor. At this point, there are less than 20 left.
• 01:07 - power stabilizes at 200 MW.
• 01:23:04 - continuation of the experiment.
• 01:23:35 - uncontrolled increase in the volume of reactor power.
• 01:23:40 - emergency button pressed.
• 01:23:44 - the actual power of the reactor was 320,000 MW, which is 100 times higher than the nominal power.
• 01:24 - the destruction of the upper plate weighing 1000 tons and the release of red-hot parts of the core.

The Chernobyl accident is two explosions, as a result of which the fourth power unit was completely destroyed. The accident itself lasted a few seconds, but led to nightmarish consequences and the largest technological disaster of its time.

From the facts given above, it is clear that an experiment was carried out, that first there was a sharp drop in power, and then a sharp increase in power, which got out of control and led to an explosion and destruction of 4 reactors. The first question that arises in connection with this is what was this experiment and why was it carried out?

Experiment with the 4th reactor of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

On April 25, 1986, preventive maintenance was carried out at the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl, during which a turbogenerator was tested. The essence of the test is whether the turbogenerator will be able to supply power every 45-50 seconds in case of an accident in order to provide the emergency systems with the necessary energy.

The very essence of the experiment was to ensure further safety of use. There is nothing special in this, since experiments are always carried out and at any enterprises. Another thing is that any experiments at objects of such importance must be carried out under strict control and with full preservation of the regulations. In this case, this was not provided. This is the reason for the Chernobyl accident.

Everything was quiet, going on as usual. Then I heard a conversation, turned around - Toptunov was saying something to Akimov. What Toptunov said, I did not hear. Akimov told him to turn off the reactor. But, in my opinion, Toptunov told him that the reactor had reached a normal level. There is nothing unusual or dangerous about this. Akimov repeated to him - turn off the reactor. I translated in my mind the frequency of 35 Hz into revolutions. After that came the first blow. Following him was the second, stronger. It was long, or it was two blows merged into one.

Dyatlov - Deputy Chief Engineer of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. From the protocols of interrogation.

Causes of the accident

The Chernobyl accident today has acquired a huge number of versions. I will not consider versions that are not supported by anything other than the imagination of the authors, and will focus on the reports of the commissions that were studying the disaster. There were 2 such commissions in total: 1986, 1991. The conclusions of the commissions contradicted each other.

Commission 1986

In August 1986, a commission was established to study the issues of the Chernobyl disaster. This commission was supposed to establish the reasons for the accident. The main conclusion of this commission is the staff is to blame for the Chernobyl accident, who made several gross mistakes at once, which led first to an accident, and then to a disaster.

The main staff mistakes are as follows:

• Shutdown of the reactor protection means. The work regulations forbade any shutdown of protective equipment.
• Withdrawal of 204 out of 211 rods from the work area. The regulations said that if there were less than 15 rods left, the reactor should immediately be shut down.

Staff errors were gross and inexplicable. They turned off the protection and violated all the main points of the Regulations (instructions).

Commission 1991

In 1991 Gosatomnadzor created a new group to study the accident. To understand the essence of the work of this group, you need to know its composition. The group included almost all NPP personnel. The conclusion in the work of this group was as follows - the designers are to blame for the disaster, since 4th reactor had design flaws.

The event after which the explosion was inevitable - pressing the button A3-5 (emergency button), after which all the rods jammed.

Cleanup

4 minutes after the explosion, the local fire brigade, led by Lieutenant Pravik, began to put out the fire on the roof of the reactor. Additional fire brigades were called from the region and from Kyiv. By 4 o'clock in the morning the fire was localized.

It is noteworthy that until 03:30 on April 26, no one knew about the high level of radiation. The reason is that there were 2 devices operating at 1000 roentgens per hour. One was out of order, and the second was inaccessible due to the explosion. By the end of April 26, iodine prophylaxis of the city of Pripyat began. On April 27, it was decided to evacuate the inhabitants of the city of Pripyat. In total, about 50 thousand people were evacuated. Of course, no one told them why. They only said that it was for 2-3 days, so you don’t need to take anything with you.

In early May, the evacuation of residents in nearby regions began. On May 2, everyone within a radius of 10 km was evacuated. On May 4-7, residents were liquidated in a territory with a radius of 30 km. Thus, an exclusion zone was formed. By July 25, this area was completely fenced and closed to everyone. The perimeter of the zone is 196 km.

On November 14, the construction of the Srakofag was completed. This is 100 thousand cubic meters of concrete, which forever buried the 4th reactor of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Evacuation of the city of Pripyat

The most important question is why the evacuation began 1.5 days after the Chernobyl accident, and not earlier? The fact is that the leadership of the USSR was not ready in an emergency. But the main claim here is not that people were evacuated only on the evening of April 27, but that on the morning of April 26, when it was known about the high level of radiation, no one warned the city population about it. In fact, June 26, 1986 was an ordinary day for the city of Pripyat, and on April 27 an emergency evacuation began.

610 buses and 240 trucks were sent from Kyiv. Another 522 buses were sent by the Kyiv region. The evacuation of the city, with a population of about 50 thousand people, took place in just 3 hours: from 15:00 to 18:00. At the same time, residents caught the peak of radiation.

Who participated in the liquidation

The cleanup of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident is an important issue, since more than 0.5 million people were involved in these activities, who worked in very dangerous conditions for health. In total, 240 thousand people were involved in the liquidation of the accident in 1986-1987. Taking into account the subsequent years - 600 thousand. For elimination were used:

• Specialists. First of all, specialists in the field of physics and elimination of consequences.
• Staff. These people were used to work on the site, because they knew its structure very well.
• Military personnel. The regular units were assigned the most widely, and it was the servicemen who suffered the main blow (including radiation exposure) and the main load.
• mobilized composition. Literally a few days after the Chernobyl accident, mobilization was carried out and the civilian population took part in the aftermath.

The liquidators worked in a circular pattern. As soon as people reached the maximum allowable norm of radiation, the group was expelled from Chernobyl, and a new group arrived in its place. And so on until the consequences were localized. Today it is said that the limit value of human radiation a was set at 500 mSv, and the average radiation dose was 100 mSv.

Liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident

Group	population		Average dose in mSv
	1986	1987	1986	1987
Chernobyl nuclear power plant personnel	2358	4498	87	15
Shelter Builders	21500	5376	82	25
Mobilization personnel	31021	32518	6,5	27
military personnel	61762	63751	110	63

These are the data that statistics provide today, but it is important to note here that these are average figures! They cannot reflect the true picture of the case, since this requires data on each person individually. For example, 1 person worked on liquidation without sparing himself and received a dose of 500 mSv, while the other was at the headquarters and received a dose of 5 mSv - their average value will be 252.5, but in fact the picture is different ...

Consequences for people

One of the most scary story Chernobyl disaster is the consequences for human health. Today it is said that 2 people died in the Chernobyl explosion, 134 people were diagnosed with radiation sickness, 170 liquidators had leukemia or blood cancer. Among the liquidators, compared with other people, diseases are more often recorded:

• Endocrine system - 4 times
• Cardiovascular system - 3.5 times
• Psychiatric deviations and diseases of the nervous system - 2 times.
• Diseases of the musculoskeletal system - 2 times.

If you think about these figures, it becomes clear that almost every person who took part in the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant suffers from one disease or another. People who did not take part in the liquidation also suffered. For example, from 1992 to 2000, 4,000 cases of thyroid cancer were detected in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. It is believed that 99% of these cases are associated with the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Which countries are affected the most

The Chernobyl accident is a catastrophe for the whole of Europe. To demonstrate this, it suffices to quote the following table.

Radiation in cities after the Chernobyl accident

City	Irradiation power in μR/h	the date
Pripyat	1 370 000	April 28
	2 200	April 30
Novozybkov	6 200	April 29
Gomel	800	April 27
Minsk	60	April 28
Salzburg (Austria)	1 400	May 2
Tavastehaus "Finland"	1 400	April 29
Munich, Germany)	2 500	April 30

If we imagine that the total loss from the Chernobyl disaster is 100%, then the distribution of radioactivity was approximately as follows: Russia - 30%, Belarus - 23%, Ukraine - 19%, Finland - 5%, Sweden - 4.5%, Norway - 3.1%, Austria - 2.5%.

Object "Shelter" and exclusion zone

One of the first decisions after the Chernobyl accident was the creation of an exclusion zone. Initially, the city of Pripyat was evacuated. Then, on May 2, residents were evacuated for 10 kilometers, and on May 7 - for 30 kilometers. This constituted the exclusion zone. This is the zone, the admission to which was carried out only with passes, and which was subjected to the maximum exposure to radiation. Therefore, everything that was possible was demolished and buried in the ground, including civil buildings and residential buildings.

Object "Shelter" - the program of isolation of the 4th nuclear reactor in a concrete structure. Any objects that were somehow connected with the operation of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and were contaminated were placed in the area of ​​​​the 4th reactor, over which they began to build a concrete sarcophagus. These works were completed on November 14, 1986. The Shelter object is isolated for 100 years.

Trial of the perpetrators

On July 7, 1987, in the city of Chernobyl, the trial of Chernobyl employees charged under Article 220, paragraph 2 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR (violation of safety regulations that entailed human casualties and other serious consequences) and under Articles 165 and 167 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR (abuse of official position) began. and irresponsibility in the performance of official duties).

Defendants:

• Bryukhanov V.P. - Director of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. 52 years old.
• Fomin N.M. - Chief Engineer. 50 years.
• Dyatlov A.S. - Deputy Chief Engineer. 56 years old.
• Kovalenko A.P. - Head of the reactor of workshop No. 2. 45 years.
• Laushkin Yu.A. - Inspector of GAEN at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. 51 years old
• Rogozhkin B.V. - shift manager at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. 53 years old.

The trial lasted 18 days, and the verdict was delivered on July 29, 1987. According to the court's verdict, all the defendants were found guilty and sentenced to 5 to 10 years. I would like to quote the last words of the accused, because they are indicative.

Accused of the accident at the Chernbyl nuclear power plant

Defendant	guilty plea
Bryukhanov	I see that the staff made mistakes. The staff lost their sense of danger, largely due to a lack of instructions. But an accident is the probability of circumstances, the probability of which is negligible.
Fomin	I admit my guilt and repent. Why did I fail to ensure the safety of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant? I am an electrician by training! I didn't have enough time to study physics.
Dyatlov	My violations were unintentional. If I had a video danger, I would have stopped the reactor.
Rogozhkin	I do not see evidence of my guilt, because the accusations are nonsense, I did not even understand why they were put forward to me.
Kovalenko	I believe that if there were violations on my part, they are administrative, but not criminal liability. I could not even think that the staff would violate the Regulations.
Laushkin	I didn't do what I'm being accused of. I am completely innocent.

At the same time, the following people lost their positions: the chairman of Gosatomenergonadzor (Kulov E.V.), his deputy for energy (Shasharin) and the deputy minister of medium machine building (Mashkov). In the future, the issue of responsibility and the transfer of the case to the court against the official was to be decided by the Party, but there was no trial of them.

Literature:

• Transcript of court hearings. Chernobyl, 1987, Karpan N.V.
• 3. Extract from the criminal case No. 19-73 (Vol. 50, pp. 352-360).
• Chernobyl radiation in questions and answers. Moscow, 2005.

Near the village of Kamenka, Zadonsky district Lipetsk region, instantly became known to the whole world. The photo with the three-headed monster turned out to be in the selection of the best pictures taken by Instagram users and posted on the official account of the creators of this world-famous social network.On this moment photo Zmey Gorynych collected 1.3 million likes and six and a half thousand comments.

What else can be seen in this family park? Look here...

Lipetsk safari park Kudykina mountain"is located in the picturesque hilly surroundings of the village of Kamenka, Zadonsky district, on the steep bank of the Don.

Already from the road, a landscape of stunning beauty opens up to the gaze of the traveler - wooded hills, the Kamenka River, neat churches and village houses. Approaching the park, the traveler sees the huge figures of the Trojan horse and the Bull, proudly standing near the road above the ravine. They even have doors so you can get inside.

Photo 2.

Nearby, on a slope, a stone structure is being erected - perhaps these are the walls of Troy? Recently, an orchard was planted here, it will take quite a few years, and it will become another attraction of these places.
Immediately at the entrance, visitors are greeted by amazing fairy-tale characters, near which tourists love to take pictures so much.

They surround a bright and noisy children's playground, which is always filled with frolicking children, and adults are not averse to running with the kids along its snow-white sand. Here, everyone - from small to large, has to change shoes.

Photo 3.

The playground is just huge, it's a real children's town. There is a large castle surrounded by a "fortress wall" with turrets, and a huge ship, in its hold you can play hide and seek, there is a train, a trampoline, a bungee, and a wide variety of swings, carousels and rocking chairs.

Not far from the children's town, families have picnics. Nevertheless, the whole territory is very clean - unusually clean for our man. Pleased with the presence of a sufficient number of toilets. Passing through a sparkling fabulous helmet-arch along an embankment covered with snow-white sand and climbing a hill, you can see Ilya Muromets sitting near a huge stone, the Nightingale the Robber himself is sitting on his outstretched hand!

Photo 4.

From here you can see the general panorama of the park and the majestic Don. In the distance, behind the back of the epic hero one can see an ancient mound. Here, according to the preserved ancient drawings, the Scythian log fortress of the Scythians was reconstructed. Going down to the foot of the hill, the visitor can drink spring water that flows from a huge (the size of a house!) Jug and even take a dip.

On the territory of the park there is a small pond with a sandy shore and bottom, and also a rather impressive wooden fortress. Living creatures roam behind a wooden fence - chickens, horses, ducks, turkeys and cows, which are especially loved by city kids who know about them only from pictures in children's books.

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In a special paddock there is a donkey, a pony, and even a camel, on which the kids ride with pleasure, the cost of such a service is low - 50 rubles. Excursions are organized for children's groups - they will show and tell about the inhabitants of the park - from rabbits to wild boars.

The park belongs to the largest agricultural enterprise in the Lipetsk region APO Avrora, the initiator of its foundation is the general director and owner of the holding Sergey Uvarkin. The safari park continues to be built and developed.

Visiting the park is free.

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