Depending on the type of aircraft used for the transportation of payload, the following methods of transportation of baggage, mail, cargo are distinguished:

Transportation using packaging means (in containers or on pallets);

Transportation in bulk, without the use of packaging;

Mixed - one part in bulk, and the other - by means of packaging.

When baggage, cargo, mail is delivered on board the aircraft for loading into the baggage and cargo compartments, the person responsible for organizing the commercial servicing of the aircraft on the apron checks the presence of the baggage manifest, air waybills, cargo and mail manifests, as well as the compliance of the entries made in them with the presented number of pieces (containers , pallet).

• Loading of baggage, cargo and mail by the method of recalculation of places is carried out by a team of loaders who, under the control of the person responsible for organizing the commercial servicing of aircraft on the apron, ensure that the commercial load is placed in the baggage and cargo compartments of the aircraft in the presence of an airport security officer and a flight attendant who controls the integrity of the package, the number of seats and availability of tags (at the base airport).

• The amount of actually loaded baggage, cargo and mail must correspond to the data entered in the documents.

• When filling the next baggage and cargo compartment, the hatch of the first compartment must be closed and be under the control of an airline employee (at the base airport).

Simultaneous loading of baggage, cargo, mail into different baggage and cargo compartments, or simultaneously into the aircraft cabin and baggage and cargo compartments, is prohibited. this eliminates the possibility of monitoring compliance with technological standards.

• It is forbidden to load luggage, cargo and mail at the base airport in the absence of the airline representative (responsible for organizing the commercial servicing of the aircraft on the apron) and the airport security service representative. Where necessary

The person responsible for organizing the commercial servicing of the aircraft on the apron, together with the representative of the airport security service, organizes the identification of baggage by passengers.

• In cases where a passenger is removed from a flight, his baggage must be unloaded without fail.

Responsibility for the carriage of baggage, cargo and mail is assigned to:

For containerless transportation - for compliance with the documents

(baggage list, cargo and postal manifests), actually loaded seats, serviceability of packaging, availability of tags, labels and markings - for flight attendants.

With the use of packaging tools - for the contents of containers and their compliance with those specified in shipping documents, the presence of seals, labels and tags on containers (pallets) for the loader foreman (at the base airport).

Control over the placement and securing of the commercial load in the baggage and cargo compartments of the aircraft, the number of loaded containers (pallets - per person responsible for organizing the commercial service of the aircraft on the apron (at the base airport).

At foreign missions and airports Russian Federation where there are representative offices of airlines:

For the contents of containers (pallets) and the loaded commercial load in bulk, its compliance with that indicated in the documents, the presence of seals, labels and tags, placement and fastening in the baggage and cargo compartments of the aircraft, the correct execution of transportation documents, including the loading scheme - to the representative of the airlines.

For the presence and condition of seals, labels and tags on containers, loading in bulk,

as well as the safety and transfer of documents for commercial loading - to flight attendants.

At foreign airports and airports of the Russian Federation where there is no airline representative:

For compliance with the number of loaded containers (pallets) and commercial bulk loading specified in the shipping documents, the presence of seals, labels

and tags, integrity when loading the package, drawing up the "LOADING INSTRUCTION" according to the centering schedule presented by the flight crew member - to the flight attendant. Control over the fastening of containers (pallets) and the closing of hatches is the responsibility of the flight crew.

• loading of commercial load at the final (intermediate) airport is carried out under the direct control of the representative of the airlines and the flight attendant.

• after the aircraft cargo hatches are closed, the representative of the airlines hands over the baggage lists, the cargo manifest and air waybills, the “Aircraft Loading Chart” to the senior flight attendant of the crew.

• Before being loaded onto the aircraft, the palletizing device must be in good order, have container labels filled in, and be cleaned of dirt, snow, and water.

• Packing equipment with baggage, mail, cargo, loaded equipment must be placed in accordance with the aircraft loading scheme.

• Specific floor load and maximum load of individual luggage – cargo compartments The sun must not be exceeded.

• Bulk cargo must be distributed evenly in the baggage-cargo compartment or part of it, so that the common center of gravity is in the middle of the compartment. Large

oversized loads must fit into the dimensions of the cargo compartments, taking into account the necessary clearances between the cargo and the elements of the cargo compartments.

• Cargo must be loaded first, then mail and lastly luggage,

organized by destination.

• Crew baggage labeled “Crew bag” is placed separately from the rest of the baggage at certain positions in the cargo compartments, depending on the type of aircraft.

• It is forbidden to use non-standard,

deformed and damaged containers and pallets. On leased aircraft such as BOEING, AIRBUS, it is prohibited to use bundling devices,

do not have an international quality certificate.

• The load must not protrude beyond the dimensions of the pallet and its height must not exceed

160 cm for IL-86, IL-96-300, V-767, V-777 aircraft. For aircraft types A-319, A-320,

A-321 the height of the cargo on the pallet should not exceed 116cm.

• Pallets sent in a stack must be rigidly bundled, and the numbers are indicated in the “Aircraft Loading Scheme”. If it is necessary to send cargo on a stack of empty pallets, it is necessary to check the reliability of fastening of empty pallets

to the carrier through the pallet and the load to the carrier pallet.

• Valuable goods in a sealed container are installed in accordance with the centering data. Valuable cargo in small packages and diplomatic mail (up to

10kg) is placed by the foreman of flight attendants in the cabin, indicating in

"Aircraft Loading Scheme" of the location and surname of the senior flight attendant of the crew.

• When transporting baggage, cargo and mail not packed on pallets or in containers, on aircraft with a container type of transportation, they are loaded into BULK. The control of the number of seats, the presence of tags and the correctness of the packaging of the loaded baggage, cargo and mail in the BULK / lower deck vestibule is carried out by a designated flight attendant.

• For transportation of weapons, their components, ammunition and special means

on board the aircraft there must be placed a lockable metal box measuring 1100x500x300 mm, painted red. Metal boxes for transporting weapons are located on the aircraft in the following places:

TU-134 - in luggage compartment No. 1

Tu-154M - in luggage compartment No. 2

IL-62 - in luggage compartment No. 1

IL-86 - on the lower front shelf on the starboard side in the underground room of the lobby No. 3

IL-96-300 - in luggage compartment No. 3

B-767, B-777, A-310, A-319, A-320, A-321 - in BULK

30. At the point of departure of the baggage car, luggage and cargo luggage are loaded into it by the station loaders, evenly distributing heavy items on the floor of the car. Lightweight and fragile items should be stacked, as a rule, on shelves.

The capacity of the wagon should be used as much as possible, only the aisles in the middle of the wagon and at the door remain free.

31. Baggage and cargo luggage are placed in the baggage car in the order of the sequential arrangement of stations, i.e. luggage and cargo luggage destined for the nearest stations should be stowed closer to the doors at the side walls of the car on the side from which the unloading station is located along train running, and luggage and cargo luggage assigned to more distant stations should be laid out in the back of the car. In cases where the volume of luggage and cargo luggage carried in the baggage car is insignificant, the luggage and cargo luggage can be placed in the car by sectors. To do this, the baggage pantry of the car must be divided by a conditional line (chalk, paint) into sectors.

Luggage and cargo luggage assigned to the final station of the train are located at the frontal wall on the opposite side from the service compartment of the luggage car, leaving no passage in the middle.

The baggage car "behind the seals" must be loaded evenly over the entire area of ​​the car's pantry.

It is prohibited to load the wagon in excess of its carrying capacity.

32. Upon completion of the loading of baggage and cargo baggage and checking the correctness of the delivery list, the station acceptance officer indicates in words in the delivery list the number of seats and transportation documents handed over to the cargo and baggage acceptance officer in trains. After the signatures of both acceptance officers, the first copy of the delivery list is handed over to the acceptance officer of cargo and baggage in trains, and a copy remains at the station.

VIII. Departure of luggage and cargo luggage from stations.

38. Transit baggage and cargo baggage. as well as luggage accepted at this station must be sent to its destination with the first agreed train without delay.

IX. Faults in the transportation of luggage and cargo luggage.

39. If luggage (cargo luggage) is found to be unsafe during loading, unloading or reloading, station employees draw up a commercial act in accordance with the Charter railways Union of the SSR in the manner prescribed by the Instructions for act-claim work. Commercial acts are drawn up in triplicate. The first copy of the act is sent to the road administration, the second is issued to the recipient, the third is kept in the station's files.

40. Luggage found at the station, for which there are no transportation documents (remaining underloaded, separated from the documents), is issued by a commercial act and, after finding out the belonging, must be immediately sent to the destination station with the first departing passenger train free of charge according to the forwarding document with the commercial act attached.

The belonging of undocumented baggage (cargo baggage) can be established by the brand, inscriptions on the places, according to the results of the search or opening of these places.

Dosylochnye documents are drawn up according to the baggage (cargo-luggage) road list indicating the reason for resending, the number of pieces, their weight and to which main shipment (indicate its number) the baggage or cargo luggage is sent. The baggage (cargo-luggage) receipt and the back of the baggage (cargo-luggage) road register from the forwarding document remain at the station.

Documents without luggage (cargo luggage), as well as luggage (cargo luggage) without documents or with any malfunctions are loaded at the station into the baggage car with the obligatory attachment of a commercial act.

In the delivery list against the number of such shipments in the column "brand" the number of the commercial act is indicated.

41. If there is a note in the baggage travel manifest about the existing shortcomings in the packaging of the baggage, certified by the signature of the acceptor and the stamp of the station that accepted the baggage for transportation, the latter is accepted into the baggage car by the acceptor of cargo and baggage in trains without hindrance without a commercial act.

sent to another station(not for its intended purpose) baggage together with documents is issued by the station that discovered the shipment, an act of a general form in triplicate. One copy of the act is sent to the road department of the station that allowed the luggage to be sent, the second copy with the transportation documents - with the luggage, and the third - remains in the affairs of the station. Luggage is sent to its destination with the main documents attached with an act of a general form.

If undocumented baggage or cargo baggage or documents without baggage (cargo baggage) are found in the baggage car, the baggage car acceptance officer is obliged to hand them over at the destination station, if one is located along the train, or at the reloading station, and in some cases at the final station (formation or turnover) , according to a separate delivery list against receipt to the cargo and baggage acceptor at the station. In the check-in list, in this case, it is indicated that the document is checked in without luggage (cargo luggage) or luggage (cargo luggage) without a document.

If, along the way, in the baggage car, pieces of baggage or cargo baggage are found in which a leak has formed that could harm the baggage of other passengers, the cargo and baggage acceptance officer on the trains is obliged to hand them over at the first passing station where the train can be parked, according to a separate delivery list (in the delivery list indicates that the seats have a leak).

44. In case of detection of a mistake made along the route (unloading, loading luggage and cargo luggage without documents, with signs of theft, extra seats, etc.), the cargo and luggage acceptance officer on the trains must give a telegram to the heads of the involved stations.

45. When baggage or cargo baggage is unloaded, the cargo and baggage acceptor at the station makes a note in both copies of the delivery list indicating which shipment it belongs to and what the fault is. These marks are certified by the signature and official stamp of the cargo and baggage acceptor in the trains who handed over the luggage or cargo luggage, as well as the signature and stamp of the cargo and baggage acceptor at the station who accepted it.

46.If during unloading baggage cars“behind the seals” there will be detected shipments with malfunctions, separation of pieces of baggage and documents, sending baggage or cargo baggage for other purposes, violation of the plan for the formation of mail and baggage trains and baggage cars, the cargo and baggage acceptance officer at the station must send a telegram to the loading station on the same day of the carriage and the destination station of the baggage (freight baggage), and, if necessary, to the address of other involved stations, draw up an act of a general form, and, where necessary, a commercial act, which is sent to the passenger service of the baggage car loading road for taking measures.

What do you do almost every time you fly on an airplane? Drop off your luggage.

This is a very simple procedure - drop your suitcase from the girl at the check-in desk and then, immediately upon arrival, take it from the baggage claim. It would seem - simpler than simple. Let's see how it actually works.

So, you arrived at the airport with the goal of finally dumping from rainy St. Petersburg to Fiji for three months. It is very important to be in Fiji, because as I write this note, it is raining outside the window and I really, damn it, want to go to Fiji.
You approach the girl, put the suitcase on the scales, give her your passport and smile. The girl, of course, smiles back and at the same time checks in the luggage. At this moment, all data about your suitcase is entered into the computer - its weight, binding to a specific passenger, the entire route is formed, taking into account transfers. It takes a second, after which a telegram with all this data is formed, which is sent to a central server in London in the form of a baggage tag.

Why London? Because there is a single system, one for all. Your suitcase can fly through ten airports in different countries, and each of them must clearly understand what it is and where it flies. Such globalization.

And a nice girl takes stickers with a unique barcode from the printer and sticks them on the suitcase in different places.

After that, the suitcase leaves for the unknown, beyond which - Fiji. Here's what that unknown looks like:

In Pulkovo, on the first and second floors, right behind the wall where the suitcases leave, a very complex system of conveyors, belts and other mechanisms has been built. Suitcases fall there.

They drive along the tape and periodically pass by scanners that read the barcode pasted on the cute girl a couple of paragraphs earlier.

The suitcase travels at a very high speed, about three times faster than human walking. The suitcase may fall on its side, it may be tilted - but it is important for the system to understand what is in front of it. Therefore, the scanner does not hang alone, there are usually three of them. In Pulkovo, they conducted an experiment - they glued only one barcode on a suitcase, and a small one at that - anyway, the scanner reads it with a high probability.

Since the scanner is set up very sensitively, it is impossible to approach it.

All tapes and other media intersect, rest against each other, make forks. The system, having identified a piece of luggage and read the code, asks the server in London where this suitcase is going. And receives in response the flight number. A cart is already being completed for this flight, it is standing somewhere at the end of the conveyors. The task of the system is to bring the suitcase exactly to the right cart.

The suitcase falls on a special platform called the "courier". At the same time, the system knows exactly which courier carries the baggage.

At the moment when, according to the system, it would be nice for the suitcase to change direction, the courier drops the luggage onto another belt.

In the process of movement, the suitcase is very carefully examined. Once again, they shine it through, sniff it, maybe even feel it (we were not allowed into this zone), they do an MRI scan on the suitcase. In the course of all these medical procedures, the risks that prevent it from being loaded on board the aircraft are consistently removed from the suitcase.

This ensures that nothing explosive, poisonous, or otherwise dangerous will fly with you.

At the moment when the suitcase has been examined in every possible way and recognized as safe, the system transports it towards loading into the cart. This is already a sterile zone, that is, everything is safe here. At the most necessary moment, the suitcase falls into such a funnel and coolly slides down to the first floor.

On the first floor, the suitcase is on the so-called "lateral". This is also a conveyor, but not very fast. His task is to bring the suitcase to the person who will make further manipulations.

Passing by one lateral, I suddenly found a penguin on it, which probably wants to go to Fiji.

A living person stands at the end of the lateral. It would seem - take a suitcase, throw it into a cart, but no. At the airport, as the fathers bequeathed, everywhere you need accounting and control.

Worker for certain time before departure begins picking. First of all, he opens a virtual cart on the computer, the number of which corresponds to the number of the cart physically located at the lateral.

Then each piece of baggage is scanned and placed in an open cart. When the cart is full, it closes on the computer and the next one opens. And on the collected cart, a baggage manifest is created, that is, a document describing what lies here. As a result, the system still knows exactly where in the airport, right down to the cart, each individual suitcase is located.

When all the luggage is taken and the last cart is completed, the lateral closes. For example - Copenhagen is already being loaded onto the plane, and Gelendzhik is just falling off the second floor.

A special machine comes for the carts. It is called ROFAN ZH4. When all the carts are ready, this Rofan cheerfully takes them to the plane, where the loading takes place.

Separately, non-standard things are carried to the aircraft - baby strollers, wheelchairs.

In case some suitcase is completely late, Pulkovo has a special heel that can rush to the plane at the last second.

Unfortunately, any complex system is prone to failure. A perfectly working system can be superimposed human factor. I think that such a warning appeared in each lateral for a reason. It is not entirely clear, however, why dub it into Turkish.

Separately, I was pleased with the instruction - how to properly work with luggage laid out on racks. Judging by the lower part of the poster, very dexterous, creative guys sometimes work in Pulkovo.

Many frequent flyers face the problem of lost luggage. The suitcase may not keep up with the owner, or it may even humiliate him - flying, for example, to America and back, while the unfortunate vacationer languishes in Gelendzhik. Why is this happening?

The first problem is straps on sports bags. Everything is simple here - a rectangular suitcase is ideal for the system, without protruding parts, with a clearly visible barcode. And when a backpack with ten straps hanging down gets on the tape, it has a great chance to catch on something. For example, for a neighboring suitcase, and with a newfound friend, he will go to a completely different place where the system plans to dump him.

The second problem is the packing of the suitcase. You need to understand that if the suitcase needs to be searched, it will be searched anyway. If the suitcase needs to be opened, it will be opened. But many people still try to pack their luggage in plastic wrap before departure so that it looks like a bun. Then he, instead of lying calmly and peacefully on the conductor, begins to roll down, stick to other suitcases and again leaves for the wrong place.

A very big problem is the old barcodes. When the system reads a barcode from a previous flight, it may not have time to read and recognize a new, up-to-date one. As a result, the suitcase will fall into the zone of unidentified things and will be analyzed manually by one of these fine guys.

So that none of these beautiful guys have to pull unlucky photographers out of conveyors, an intuitive road is drawn on the floor.

Look - what wonderful tracks!

Coming out of the luggage department, I was not surprised at all by the thesis that living here is good!

Checked Baggage Rules and Regulations

So, let's start with the fact that when determining the checked baggage allowance, airlines use seating system(peace concept), which lies in the fact that one passenger has the right to carry several pieces of baggage.

One piece of baggage should be understood as one bag or one suitcase with a maximum weight 23 or 32 kg. The maximum dimensions of one piece of baggage - 158 or 203 cm by the sum of three dimensions (length + height + width), taking into account protruding parts (handles, pockets, wheels).

The exact number of pieces of checked baggage, their weight and size are set by each airline on an individual basis, depending on the class of passenger service and the type of ticket fare.

There are three passenger classes: economy, business and first class. Within each class, airlines independently set from one to several types of fares. As a result, the total number of tariffs for each carrier, as a rule, ranges from 4 to 10. It is important to understand that the types of tariffs are not standard for all airlines in the world, but differ in individual conditions. Including they differ in the baggage allowance.

Free checked baggage allowance

Since airlines do not have a single classification of tariffs, there cannot be standard norms. free transportation checked baggage. However, conditionally all tariffs of different airlines of the world can be divided into several categories.

Category 1- the most budgetary economy class fare, also known as no-baggage fare. Does not include free checked baggage allowance, but the passenger has the option to take it (as an additional service).

At the no-baggage rate, only hand luggage can be carried free of charge. The name for the no-baggage fare is determined by each airline independently, although it is generally accepted light(Light). Sometimes Basic is used.

Category 2- standard economy class fares. As a rule, there are always several such tariffs, which is caused by a different number of additional services. As for the free baggage allowance, these rates are no different. All of them provide one piece of luggage weighing no more than 23 kg, but its dimensions can be 158 or 203 cm. In addition to the free allowance, you can take several pieces of paid baggage, more details.

Examples of tariff names of the second category are as follows: Basic (Basic), Standard (Standard), Flex (Flexible), Classic (Classic).

Category 3- premium economy class fare. Provides one or two pieces of luggage, weighing 23 or 32 kg, whose dimensions are 158 or 203 cm. You can also take an additional one. Examples of tariff names of the third category: Comfort (Comfortable), Premium (Premium).

Category 4- business and first class fares. If an airline has the same fare for business and first class, then in 90% of cases this two pieces of luggage 32 kg each. However, when several fares are presented for each of these classes, then the most "modest" of them will provide for one piece of 32 kg (or two pieces of 23 kg), and the best - two or three pieces of 32 kg. At the same time, the luggage dimensions remain unchanged - 158 or 203 cm.

Free baggage allowance comparison

Free baggage allowance comparison

airline, class, fare	number of seats	Weight Limit	maximum size
Aeroflot
economy class, PROMO tariff (PROMO)	1 place	23 kg	158 cm
economy class, BUDGET fare (SAVER)	1 place	23 kg	158 cm
economy class, OPTIMUM tariff (CLASSIC)	1 place	23 kg	158 cm
economy class, PREMIUM fare (FLEX)	2 places	2 x 23 kg	2 x 158 cm
comfort class, OPTIMUM tariff (CLASSIC)	2 places	2 x 23 kg	2 x 158 cm
comfort class, PREMIUM tariff (FLEX)	2 places	2 x 23 kg	2 x 158 cm
business class, OPTIMUM fare (CLASSIC)	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 158 cm
business class, PREMIUM fare (FLEX)	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 158 cm
S7 Airlines
economy class, Basic fare	service not provided
economy class, flexible fare	1 place	23 kg	203 cm
business class, Basic fare	1 place	23 kg	203 cm
business class, fare Flexible	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 203 cm
UTair
Economy class, Light fare	service not provided
economy class, Standard fare	1 place	23 kg	203 cm
economy class, flexible fare	1 place	23 kg	203 cm
economy class, Comfort fare	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 203 cm
business class, Business fare	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 203 cm
Ural Airlines
economy class, Promo fare	1 place	10 kg	203 cm
economy class, Economy fare	1 place	23 kg	203 cm
economy class, Premium fare	1 place	23 kg	203 cm
business class, Light fare	1 place	23 kg	203 cm
business class, Business fare	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 203 cm
Lufthansa
Economy class, Light fare	service not provided
economy class, Classic fare	1 place	23 kg	158 cm
Economy class, Flex fare	1 place	23 kg	158 cm
economy class, premium fare	2 places	2 x 23 kg	2 x 158 cm
business class, Business fare	2 places	2 x 23 kg	2 x 158 cm
first class, fare First	3 places	3 x 32 kg	3 x 158 cm
Czech Airlines
economy class, LITE fare	service not provided
economy class, fare PLUS	1 place	23 kg	250 cm
economy class, FLEX fare	1 place	23 kg	250 cm
business class, BUSINESS LITE fare	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 250 cm
business class, BUSINESS fare	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 250 cm
Alitalia
Economy class, Light fare	service not provided
economy class, economy fare	1 place	23 kg	158 cm
economy class, premium fare	2 places	2 x 23 kg	2 x 158 cm
business class, medium haul fare	2 places	2 x 23 kg	2 x 158 cm
business class, long haul fare	2 places	2 x 23 kg	2 x 158 cm
british airways
Economy class, Basic fare	service not provided
economy class, Eco fare	1 place	23 kg	208 cm
economy class, Euro Traveler fare	1 place	23 kg	208 cm
economy class, World Traveler fare	1 place	23 kg	208 cm
economy class, World Traveler Plus fare	2 places	2 x 23 kg	2 x 208 cm
Economy class, Prem Plus fare	2 places	2 x 23 kg	2 x 208 cm
business class, Club World fare	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 208 cm
business class, Club Europe fare	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 208 cm
first class, fare First	3 places	3 x 32 kg	3 x 208 cm
Austrian Airlines
Economy class, Light fare	service not provided
economy class, Classic fare	1 place	23 kg	158 cm
Economy class, Flex fare	1 place	23 kg	158 cm
business class, Business fare	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 158 cm
Air France
Economy class, Light fare	service not provided
economy class, Standard fare	1 place	23 kg	158 cm
Economy class, Flex fare	1 place	23 kg	158 cm
economy class, Business Flex fare	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 158 cm
KLM
Economy class, Light fare	service not provided
economy class, Standard fare	1 place	23 kg	158 cm
Economy class, Flex fare	1 place	23 kg	158 cm
business class, Business fare	2 places	2 x 32 kg	2 x 158 cm
AirBaltic
Economy class, Basic fare	service not provided
economy class, premium fare	1 place	20 kg	230 cm
business class, Business fare	2 places	2 x 20 kg	2 x 230 cm

How loyalty programs affect baggage allowances

If the passenger is a member bonus program loyalty of one of the air carriers, then upon accumulating a certain number of points/miles or obtaining gold/platinum status, the airline provides Possibility to carry an additional suitcase at no extra charge. It is convenient and pleasant, therefore, if you plan to fly with one airline quite often, then you should register in the system as soon as possible and start accumulating bonuses. In addition to carrying luggage, you can get other privileges. Them complete list presented on the official website of the airline.

The weight and size of the luggage is not cumulative

Very often, passengers are wondering if it is possible to sum up luggage when flying together (friends, family or children). The answer, alas, is negative. Each passenger has the right to carry only the baggage allowance indicated on the ticket. According to the rules, any deviation (in a larger direction) will be considered an excess, it will have to be paid additionally. In practice, airline employees can sometimes make an exception if only one parent flies with a small child, but you should not count on luck - compliance with the baggage rules in recent times has become more thorough, and even a slight deviation from the norm can cost the passenger dearly.

Exceeding the number of pieces of free baggage

In the official terminology of the airlines, a suitcase or bag that exceeds the free baggage allowance by the number of pieces of baggage is called excess baggage. As a rule, the passengers themselves in colloquial vocabulary often call it additional or paid baggage.

The cost of excess baggage with Russian airlines

Excess baggage cost Russian airlines

airline	first extra piece of baggage
Aeroflot
flights within Russia	2500 rubles	2500–5000 rubles	5000–7500 rubles
flights to Europe	50 euro	100–150 euros	100–150 euros
S7 Airlines
flights within Russia	2000–3000 rubles	2000–6000 rubles	2000–3000 rubles
flights to Europe	50–70 euros	50–140 euros	50–70 euros
UTair
flights within Russia	1500–2000 rubles	2000–4000 rubles	2000 rubles
flights to Europe	28–35 euros	35–70 euros	35 euro
Ural Airlines
flights within Russia	2500 rubles	2000–10000 rubles	10000 rubles
flights to Europe	40 euro	40 euro	100 euro

Excess baggage charges on flights within Europe

Excess baggage charges on flights within Europe

airline	first additional piece of baggage	excess weight of one piece of baggage	excess of one piece of baggage
Lufthansa	75 euros (all other rates)	50 euro	100 euro
Alitalia	EUR 25–45 (Light fare) 60 euros (all other rates)	60 euro	80 euro
british airways	EUR 25–75 (Basic fare) 75 euros (all other rates)	75 euro	no information
Austrian Airlines	EUR 25–55 (Light fare) 75 euros (all other rates)	75 euro	100 euro
KLM	EUR 45–70 (all other rates)	70 euro	75 euro
Air France	EUR 25–35 (Light fare) EUR 45–75 (all other rates)	70 euro	75 euro
Czech Airlines	25–55 euros	25–35 euros	no information
AirBaltic	20–60 euros	50 euro	60 euro

Oversized Checked Baggage

Oversized baggage should be understood as any baggage that significantly exceeds the standard size and / or weight. As a rule, we are talking about sports equipment, musical instruments, wheelchairs. Such baggage is also excess baggage, but in different airlines may be called differently: special, heavy, non-standard or oversized. In most cases, it is paid, like excess baggage, the only difference is that the transportation of oversized baggage must be agreed in advance (24-36 hours before departure) with the airline by calling the hotline.

Important! There are no generally accepted rules in relation to the transportation of oversized baggage. Airlines install them on their own, so in each case you need to clarify actual rules your carrier.

Many airlines do exceptions for the most popular categories of oversized sports equipment, which are:

• a set of ski / snowboard equipment;
• a set of equipment for surfing / diving.

The exceptions are that the carriage of such a set may be free of charge or in exchange for one standard seat checked baggage. Sometimes - at a reduced cost.

Features of carrying checked baggage on an airplane

Loading luggage

So, let's look at the main problems that your checked baggage may face:

What is prohibited in checked baggage

• weapon;
• liquefied and compressed gases;
• radioactive materials;
• chemicals and toxic substances;
• poisons and toxic substances;
• corrosive and caustic compounds;
• flammable liquids;
• solid flammable substances;
• pyrotechnics and fireworks;
• organic peroxides and oxidizing agents;
• explosives, as well as any objects stuffed with explosives.

For any modern person, 95% of prohibitions are taken for granted. The remaining 5% of the bans that the average passenger is not always aware of include:

• lighters and matches;
• tobacco and coal for hookah;
• children's toys imitating weapons;
• electronic smoking devices powered by batteries.

Transportation of lithium batteries

As a rule, almost all airlines prohibit the transportation of lithium batteries without the original packaging and portable chargers (power bank), due to the risk of a short circuit and subsequent fire. In cases where lithium batteries are inside vehicles, the rules for transporting them depend on their capacity, which is determined by the amount of lithium they contain. There are three categories:

• smartphones, laptops, digital cameras and other devices with a power density of up to 100 Wh (containing no more than two grams of lithium) are allowed in checked baggage.
• laptops with an extended resource, professional audio and video equipment, as well as other equipment with a specific power from 100 to 160 Wh (2–8 grams of lithium). To transport it, the passenger must apply in advance for a special permit.
• segways, gyroscooters, hoverboards and other equipment with a specific power of more than 160 Wh (8 grams of lithium and more). Transport is prohibited.

• keys and cash;
• precious metals and products from them;
• fragile items without proper packaging;
• important documents, securities and bonds;
• glasses and contact lenses without factory packaging;
• perishable foodstuffs.

What is the best thing to carry in your checked baggage?

We want to talk about the things that are best carried in checked baggage, as it is more convenient, safer and will not bring any hassle. In addition, there are a number of goods that are prohibited from being carried in hand luggage - their necessarily must be taken in luggage.

• Outerwear and shoes. Not because they are forbidden to be carried in hand luggage, but for the reason that it is much more convenient than stuffing bulky things into a small bag that you can take on the plane.
• Manicure accessories and sets. Almost all airlines have banned nail scissors, nail files, eyebrow tweezers and any other sharp objects from being carried on board.
• The drinks. All liquids larger than 100 ml are not allowed in carry-on baggage. Pack them properly and put them in your suitcase.
• Gel goods and products. For example, black and red caviar, soft cheeses, peanut butter, and many other products of a similar consistency are considered liquids. They are always removed from hand luggage, unless they were bought in a store. duty free(Duty Free).
• Cosmetics and perfumery. Many of these commodities are also classified as liquids. This category includes not only perfumes, deodorants and sprays, but even such seemingly “solid” ones. cosmetics like mascara and foundation.

How to choose the right suitcase for luggage

The choice of the suitcase itself also plays a role in transportation. You can read more about how to choose the right suitcase and what are their differences here, but for now, briefly about the important. The main thing that suitcase met the minimum allowance at 158 ​​cm and contained 23 kg of weight without cracking at the seams. According to the material of manufacture of your choice:

• lighter, but not always comfortable canvas material. The lighter the suitcase itself, the more you can put in it;
• heavier but durable polycarbonate. Such suitcases protect the contents well, but reduce the useful weight and volume.

The color scheme is purely a matter of taste, but a bright suitcase is easier to recognize. Keep in mind that ideally, the suitcase should “unfold” a little in breadth, in the event that you need to pack bulky items. Make sure that even in the unfolded state it does not exceed the allowance.

How to properly pack a suitcase

Try not to overload your suitcase. Make a list of what you will really need, without taking into account the change of outfits 3-4 times a day. We recommend that you make a basic list of necessary things once, and with each new flight, supplement it with those things that are determined by the nature and purpose of a particular flight.

You should never take a full suitcase to your destination, because on the way back there will definitely be new purchases, gifts or souvenirs, often unplanned.

In addition to putting (as a rule) a lot of necessary things in a suitcase, it is necessary to do this in such a way as not to damage fragile items, and ideally not to wrinkle clothes and shoes. Nowadays, there are several good methods on how to properly pack a suitcase, which describe in detail how best to fold things so that they take up a minimum of space while maintaining a “tradeable” appearance.

Is it worth it to wrap a suitcase with a film

For security reasons, it is highly advisable to wrap your luggage with a film before checking it in, which will protect not only from damage, but also from possible theft. Since this service is usually not very cheap (10–12 euros), you can wrap your suitcase with cling film yourself before leaving or directly at the airport building.

How to check in and drop off your luggage at the airport

At the airport, the passenger, together with their baggage, must go through a clearance process called baggage check-in. This action is a mere formality and takes no more than five minutes. During check-in, the airline checks in baggage and accepts it for transportation at its own risk.

There are two ways to check in your luggage:

• at the baggage drop desk;
• at the check-in counter.

Baggage tag

At both counters, baggage check-in is carried out in the same way as follows. The passenger gives his luggage to the employee and shows boarding pass. The employee checks whether the baggage complies with the baggage allowance and registers it in the system, after which, depending on the number of pieces of baggage, prints luggage tags and glues them on each suitcase. The passenger must receive the same number baggage checks, which may also be referred to as tear-off baggage tags. They will be required for baggage identification at the airport of arrival.

Important! Be sure to check the correctness of the receipts and whether the tags are well glued. If they come off during transportation or flight, the luggage will be lost

In some major airports you can see such a modern novelty as automatic baggage claim(self-service baggage drop-off), which is the fastest way to check in baggage. However, unfortunately, so far only the most technically equipped airports in the world are equipped with automatic counters.

Declaring the value of luggage

FRAGILE

As a general rule, passengers are asked to wear a FRAGILE sticker as a precautionary measure when carrying food or exotic fruits. Sometimes it really helps.

Do not forget that when transporting fragile items in a suitcase, you should make sure that they are well packed.

Customs control of checked baggage

Pre-flight clearance is as follows - first, the passenger, clothes and personal belongings in the pockets.

For checked baggage simplified order customs operations, which means that the customs control of baggage is carried out without presenting it to the customs authority directly by the passenger.

The simplified procedure does not eliminate the need to comply with the norms and rules of customs legislation. , the passenger, by default, declares that there are no goods in his baggage that are subject to customs declaration in writing and / or are prohibited for transportation. The confirmation of the passenger's application is.

How to collect your checked baggage upon arrival

Band conveyer

After you get off the plane and pass through the passport control area, you go to the hall where the conveyor belts for baggage claim are located. As a rule, several electronic monitors are also installed in the hall, on which you can see the entire up-to-date information, on which conveyor the baggage of a certain flight will be issued. Above each belt conveyor hangs a board with information about the flight. Find yours, wait for your suitcase, after which you can go to the customs control area and exit.

Baggage damage

If upon receipt of the suitcase you find that it is damaged, you should immediately contact the airport staff and draw up a special report. In the event that it is possible to prove that there were valuable things in the suitcase that were damaged during transportation, you can count on compensation for losses. However, in practice this is very difficult to do.

Non-arrival and/or loss of baggage

Unfortunately, it also happens that luggage does not fall into the hands of its owner at all after the flight. This rarely happens, but it does happen. According to statistics, in 2015, there were approximately 6.5 lost suitcases per 1,000 passengers. This is two times less than it was in 2007.

If all the suitcases on the conveyor belt have already been sorted out, but yours is still missing, the first thing to do is to contact the airport staff and check the “forgotten baggage” in a special room, it could get there either by mistake or if you walked for a long time passport control. If there was no luggage there, you should write a special act on the letterhead of the airline (similarly, as in the case of damage), which describes in detail both the suitcase itself and its contents. A pre-taken photo will come in handy, as well as the “special signs” of your suitcase: bright stickers, unusual color, shape, and other differences.

As a rule, the absence of luggage at the destination is due to the fact that it was mistakenly loaded onto another plane, which means that after a few days of searching, luggage will be found. In this case, the airline, at its own expense, must deliver the suitcase to the address indicated by the passenger. In 2015, about 85% of lost luggage was returned to passengers by courier within 36 hours.

If a lost luggage could not be found, then the passenger can claim compensation up to $20 for each kilogram of weight on international flights, and on domestic - no more than 600 rubles (if the suitcase was not with a declared value). The act of loss is considered within 30 days, after which the passenger receives an official response with a notification of compensation.

Separately, I would like to say that staying in a foreign city without checked baggage, and therefore without most of your own things, is definitely a stressful situation. Therefore, the suitcase should not contain any of the essentials. They should always be taken in hand luggage.

Useful Resources for a tourist

roomguru.ru and hotellook.ru - hotel search engines, search through different booking systems and compare results, helping to find the best deal

aviasales.ru and skyscanner.ru - air ticket search engines, free from the need to view the site of each airline separately

booking.com, the world leader in hotel booking, is distinguished high quality services, transparent prices and prompt support service

Airport device: all equipment

28/02/2015

A passenger, arriving at the airport, sees, as a rule, check-in counters, a waiting room and a Duty-Free shop. Everyone, of course, guesses that this is the most complex organism from an engineering and technical point of view, but rarely do they pay attention to various ingenious machines. And some of them simply remain invisible to a simple passenger. And there are very, very many of them, and today we will show them to you using the example of the airport (Kaliningrad).

All photos can be clicked to enlarge. There is a description under each photo. Well, let's fly!

Before us is an airport tractor with a carrier attached to it. Not a carrier, but a carrier: this is the name of an object that looks like a long yellow pipe. A tractor is needed for towing aircraft, and most often the aircraft is not pulled, but pushed: after all, it can move forward under its own power due to engine thrust, but not backward. Reverse mode is used for braking after landing.

Apron buses are used to deliver passengers to aircraft installed in the so-called "distant stands". And back. No matter how many air bridges there are, as a rule, there are more planes at the airport at the same time. And many types of aircraft cannot be serviced at airstairs at all - for example, small aircraft, in which the airstair is built right into the door.

However, the telescopic ladder itself is adjustable over a wide range both in height and reach, and also moves left and right along the platform. Freedom in three dimensions allows you to serve most types of aircraft, while the soft “accordion” (corrugation) at the very end tightly fits the fuselage to protect passengers from wind, rain and cold.

Driving a ladder is no more difficult than driving a tractor (and it is registered with the traffic police as a tractor). There is even a “downshift” that is used during docking with an aircraft to carefully drive up close to touchdown.

These van trucks also drive up to the plane before touchdown. They are used to load carts from onboard meals and upload them back. The truck drives up to the plane, the body rises to the desired height, the carts roll over the “bridge”.

The trolley is used to transport luggage. Now we see how sandbags are loaded into the bomb bay: they are dropped as they climb to reduce the weight of the aircraft. (In fact, this, of course, is simply cargo accepted for transportation in addition to passengers’ luggage. Yes, yes, cargo flies not only on cargo aircraft).
A tanker is visible behind the plane.

A tractor at the airport is provided in case of cancellation of international flights 😉

And the rest of the time, he just transports carts and other devices.

As a bait for DJs, mirrored disco balls are hung around the airfield. In this case, the world stars of the dance scene are more willing to fly on tour. Some even have the required number of disco balls at the arrival airport indicated in the rider.
It also turned out that the disco ball at the same time is a good fumigator to scare away birds. To enhance the effect, dubstep is played from loudspeakers located near the runway. It is believed that he imitates the cries of birds of prey, shots, etc. Therefore, garden scarecrows are not installed at airports. There are also no rattles to scare away moles. Therefore, the entire space between the taxiways is dotted with cozy minks ^_^

Ilya Shatilin