The number of Feodosiya Crimea. Feodosia

If you have ever thought about where to go to the sea, then you must have heard about the beautiful Ukrainian resort town of Feodosia. Theodosia combines antiquity and modernity, which makes it the most attractive city for tourists.

Feodosia is small town with a population of 70 thousand people, which is located on the Crimean peninsula. Feodosia is located in the southeastern part of the peninsula. Nature this city unique, it differs from standard steppes Southern Crimea. Also, Feodosia is distinguished by its climate - severe winter winds, frosts, autumn dry winds.

This contributes to the difficulty of the growth and existence of plants. total area city ​​is 35 sq. km. Feodosia is located in a hilly area, which gives all visitors the impression that this is a very small city. To get complete and reliable information about the size of the city, you need to climb one of the hills of Feodosia. best view opens from the so-called Mount Mithridates.

The most popular area of ​​​​Feodosia is the microdistrict where the Stamboli cottage is located. The dacha building itself is a pearl and calling card not only Theodosius itself, but all Black Sea coast. Today, in the building of the former dacha, there is a chic restaurant where dishes from several cuisines of the world are presented. This area is the most densely populated during summer holiday, because within walking distance from the area there are two large beaches of Feodosia - sandy and pebbly.

If you go a little further, then there are also several sandy beaches that are not central. That is, in the area there are many small but cozy cafes, restaurants, shops, tents with soft drinks and ice cream, souvenirs and much more.

Also, there are several tour agencies in the area that can tell you about all the sights of the peninsula. In addition, the boundaries of the district coincide with the central city embankment, where there are large entertainment centers, attractions and other places where you can spend your free time fun and useful. On the other side of the microdistrict is the central part of the city, where the main attractions of Feodosia are located. By the way, some of them date back to the 5th century BC.

The main attractions of Feodosia include the Ivan Aivazovsky Art Gallery, the Green House Museum, the Money Museum, tasting rooms, the Hang Gliding Museum and so on. By the way, on the aforementioned Miridant hill there is a small house in which the famous marine painter Aivazovsky lived. If you go a little further, where the art gallery of this famous artist is located, you can go to the sandy beach. This part of the city is the newest in Feodosia, although it was formed in 1894.

On the other hand, the district borders on the notorious Komsomolsky Park, which has playgrounds, attractions, summer cafes, shops, pharmacies, ATMs and other urban infrastructure facilities.

The historical district of the city is also the most popular area among the guests of the city, since this area is located on the seashore. Also, within walking distance from the area are the notorious mountains of Feodosia - these are the Tepe-Oba mountains. Lovers of excursions, history and antiquity often choose this area. In the so-called "old town" there are many fountains, bridges, walls of permitted buildings, towers and more. In general, from the interesting past of Feodosia there is a huge number of various memorable objects that will demonstrate the history of the development and formation of the city.

Basic moments

Feodosia is one of the oldest cities on the Black Sea coast. In the Middle Ages, it was called Kaffa. Trade flourished here, and there was the largest slave market in the region.

For several decades now Crimean city has the status climatic resort, and local health resorts welcome guests all year round. Those who have problems with the respiratory system, digestive system, suffer from metabolic disorders, gynecological and genitourinary diseases come to Feodosia for sanatorium treatment. Ionized sea air, salt caves, healing silt mud, mineral waters, massage and other physiotherapeutic procedures help to get rid of ailments.

Most travelers visit Feodosia during the swimming season, from late May to early October. Tourists are attracted by the developed infrastructure, the possibility of inexpensive accommodation in the private sector, good sandy beaches, as well as many historical and natural attractions.

The beauty of Feodosia has long attracted representatives of creative professions. In the city you can visit the art gallery. I. K. Aivazovsky, the Museum of Money, the Hang Gliding Museum, as well as memorial museums Alexander Grin and sisters Marina and Anastasia Tsvetaeva. The Feodosia Museum of Antiquities is considered one of the best specialized museums in Russia.

In Feodosia, not only are popular beach holiday and excursions. During the high tourist season the city hosts many colorful festivals dedicated to fish cuisine, unconventional fashion, winemaking, aeronautics, bicycles and jazz music. These holidays gather guests not only from other Crimean cities, but also from abroad.

History of Feodosia

The settlement on the shore of the bay was founded in the VI century BC by colonists who came from Greek city Miletus. Later, Theodosius became part of the powerful Bosporus kingdom, which was destroyed by the Huns in the 4th century AD.

In the following centuries, the city changed hands many times. At first, the Alans lived in it, then the Byzantine Empire began to control the coast, and behind it the Khazars. Until the 13th century, the coastal settlement was small and was part of the Golden Horde, and at the beginning of the 14th century it was bought by the Genoese.

In those days, Theodosius was called Kaffa. The new owners managed to build a prosperous port city, through which active trade was conducted between East and West. In Kaffa, there was the largest slave market on the Black Sea. In addition to slaves, spices, gold and jewelry. By the 15th century, the Genoese coastal city had grown so large that it surpassed Constantinople in size. It had a multinational population, but most of all in Kaffa were Armenians.

In 1475 all Crimean coast captured by the Ottoman Turks, who made the city one of the main ports on the peninsula. At this time, it was often called Kuchuk-Istanbul or Little Istanbul.

In the 1770s, the Russian Empire began to own the city, and it received the name "Feodosia". For more than a century, the settlement was small. But since the end of the 19th century, after the creation of industrial port and the advent of the railway, the situation changed.

During the Great Patriotic War, Feodosia was under fascist occupation. About 8 thousand inhabitants were shot in the city, and as a result of heavy fighting, part of the houses and streets were badly destroyed. Today, Feodosia is developing as a major port and a popular seaside resort.

Geographic location and climate

Feodosia stands on the shores of the spacious Feodosia Bay. At the entrance to it, the depth of the sea reaches 28 m, and this is quite enough for large dry cargo ships and tankers to enter the port of Feodosia. The bay has its own circular current, so the water near the coast is constantly renewed and never dirty.

Feodosia is separated from the steppe expanses mountain range Tepe-Oba. Hills and ridges rise to a height of about 300 m and close the coast from strong winds. As a result, the climate Crimean resort not like the steppe, but more like the Mediterranean.

In summer it is hot and there is almost no rain. In July and August, the average daily air temperatures are kept around +26...+28 °С, and the water in the Black Sea warms up to +25...+27 °С. In winter, Feodosia is cooler than other Crimean resorts. There is snow for about three weeks, but permanent snow cover does not occur every year, but only in the most severe winters.

Beaches of Feodosia

The beach strip in Feodosia and its environs stretches for 17 km, and in some places its width reaches 200 m. One of the most popular is the kilometer-long Kameshki beach, covered with a mixture of pebbles and sand. It has a width of 30-40 m and is well equipped for a comfortable stay. The beach has showers, toilets and luggage storage. You can rent sun loungers and umbrellas, rent pedal boats, catamarans and ride a "banana".

On the promenade along the beach, there are many eateries, cafes and souvenir shops, entertainment centers "Africa" ​​and the Lunopark. Most tourists prefer to rest here, because Kameshki has a very gentle entrance to the water, and the seabed is sandy.

Near the beach there is also a historical landmark. In the sea, opposite the "Kameshkov", the wreck of the sunken ship "Jean Zhores" is visible. It was blown up by an enemy mine during the Great Patriotic War in 1942, 850 meters from the coast. The disaster killed 40 people, sank many military equipment(vehicles and guns), but most of the sailors were rescued by the teams of the boat "Kabardinets" and the minesweeper "Gelendzhik".

To the north of "Kameshkov" there is a paid Children's Beach. It is 300 m long, up to 70 m wide and covered with sand. The entrance to the sea is very gentle, and in shallow water the sea water is very warm, which is why parents with small children like to relax on this beach. And to the north of Children's Beach is beach area sanatorium of the Ministry of Defense.

Museums

The central place among other museum collections of the Crimean resort is occupied by the national art gallery named after the famous marine painter Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Ayvazyan). The artist was born and spent most of his life in Feodosia. The first exhibitions of his paintings were organized in the city in the middle of the 19th century.

Today, more than 400 works by Aivazovsky are exhibited in the two buildings of the gallery, as well as over 12 thousand paintings dedicated to the sea, which were painted by other artists. The gallery welcomes guests daily from 10.00 to 16.30, and in the summer from 9.00 to 20.00 (Galereinaya st., 2 and 4).

Not far from the art gallery, there is a house that is hard to miss, as the facade of the building looks like a romantic brigantine (Galereinaya st., 10). This is a memorial and literary museum of the author of the famous story "Scarlet Sails" Alexander Grin. Here the writer lived for 5 years, from 1924 to 1929, and wrote "Running on the Waves", as well as several stories. Inside the brigantine house looks unusual. Instead of boring museum halls, it is divided into cabins and holds. In addition to the personal belongings of the writer, the museum exhibits nautical compasses, a steering wheel, models sailing ships and old maps with which navigators traveled along the Black and Mediterranean seas. The Green Museum is open daily, except Monday and Tuesday, from 10.00 to 13.00 and from 14.00 to 18.00.

The Memorial Museum of Marina and Anastasia Tsvetaev appeared in Feodosia not by chance. Before the outbreak of the First World War, the sisters lived in this city with their families and fell in love with it very much. The museum halls exhibit the furnishings of the beginning of the last century, things and old photographs of the Tsvetaevs and their friends.

Museums of money are open in several cities of Russia, however, the Feodosia collection of numismatics is special. More than 30 thousand coins are stored here, the first of which were minted in the 7th century BC. For a long time, there were mints on the territory of the coastal settlement - antique, Genoese, Crimean Tatar ... Researchers counted 14 periods of minting coins in Feodosia. In the museum you can see coins and banknotes from 200 countries of the world, samples of plastic cards, as well as "cash" souvenirs and crafts. The Museum of Money is located in house number 12 on Green Street (formerly Kuibyshev) and receives visitors seven days a week from 10.00 to 18.00.

The same building houses another museum collection dedicated to the history of Crimean hang gliding. Free flights from the Uzun-Syrt and Klementyev mountains have been carried out since the 1930s. The first domestic aviators, glider pilots, hang glider pilots and paraglider pilots trained near Feodosia. The halls of the museum exhibit historical documents and photographs, models aircraft, a simulator with a suspension system and rare collectibles. The Museum of the History of Hang Gliding is open every day except Monday, from 10.00 to 13.00 and from 14.00 to 17.00.

In house number 11 on Aivazovsky Avenue there is a museum of local lore, which is often called the "Museum of Antiquities". This is one of the oldest museums in Crimea, because Feodosia collections opened to visitors in 1811. In the museum you can get acquainted with the nature of the Crimea, the geological features of the peninsula and the rich history of Feodosia. And in the open courtyard there are ancient tombstones, bowls for washing and stone slabs with inscriptions. The local history museum is open from 10.00 to 17.00, except Tuesday. From June to September it works seven days a week.

The rocky cape of St. Elijah closes the spacious Feodosiya harbor, deeply protrudes into the Black Sea, and from it the entire coastal development is perfectly visible. The path from the center of Feodosia to extreme point Cape takes only 10 minutes. Here, on a rocky shore, there is a local landmark - the high Ilyinsky lighthouse.

In ancient times, when there was no lighthouse yet, ships that went around the cape often perished. The cause of the tragic shipwrecks was strong winds and storms. Everyone understood that seafarers needed a signal fire, however, as time went on, they could not find the money to build a lighthouse.

In the 1890s, the family of State Councilor Rukavishnikov came to Feodosia for treatment. Their son had tuberculosis, and the parents hoped that being on the sunny peninsula would help him.

And so it happened. From the healing Crimean air and daily walks the boy recovered by the sea. His mother, Evdokia Nikolaevna, was so glad that her son was soon healed that in 1899 she built a lighthouse on Cape Ilyinsky at her own expense. It was equipped with the latest optical device for those times, made by Swedish craftsmen, and a sonorous signal bell was placed next to it.

During the Great Patriotic War, the lighthouse building was destroyed, but in the 1950s it was rebuilt. Nowadays, both tourists and residents of the city like to come to the Ilyinsky lighthouse, since near it you can do beautiful pictures rocky cliffs and the Feodosia coast.

Genoese fortress and towers

In the territory modern resort several medieval buildings have been preserved, erected at the time when Feodosia bore the name of Kaffa. The most significant of them is the old Genoese fortress on Port Street. It is located in the southern part of Feodosia, not far from the seashore and has the status of a historical and architectural reserve.

The fortifications were built in the 14th century in order to protect the possessions of the Republic of Genoa on the Crimean peninsula. The citadel was considered one of the largest in Europe. It covered an area of ​​70 hectares and had a double ring of stone walls, the height of which reached 11 m. In addition to powerful walls, the fortress included more than 30 high towers and an earthen ditch dug around the perimeter.

The Genoese citadel was built from limestone slabs held together with mortar. The quality of the masonry, made by medieval builders, turned out to be so high that the fortress withstood the test of time and has been perfectly preserved to this day.

Today you can see a half-kilometer fragment of the southern wall with the towers of Crisco and St. Clement, the remains of the moat, the pylons of the entrance gate and part of the western wall. And not far from the ancient citadel, several Armenian temples of the XIV century, Turkish baths and an old single-arch Turkish bridge have been preserved.

AT different parts Feodosia is dominated by several medieval towers, which in Genoese times were part of the general defensive line. in the east ancient city there is a rectangular two-tiered Dock Tower, which served as the sea gate of medieval Kaffa and guarded it port part. On the eastern wall of the Dock Tower, you can see a stone slab on which the coats of arms of the Genoese consuls are carved.

If you walk about 0.5 km to the south from the ruins of the Genoese fortress, you can find yourself near the medieval tower of Giovani de Scaffa, built, like the main citadel, in the 14th century. In former times, the thickness of the walls of the round tower reached 2.5 m, and the garrison guarding it could take water from an underground well. The bed building is still waiting for its researchers, and today it stands one-third covered with earth.

0.6 km east of the tower of Giovani de Scaffa is another Genoese building - the tower of Thomas, which was used as an arsenal. Time did not spare the building, and only a semicircular base survived from it.

The northernmost tower of the medieval citadel is located near the seashore, not far from the city railway station Feodosia. In the second half of the 15th century, these lands were captured by the Ottoman Turks and they fortified the tower with a stone bastion. From the tower of Constantine, three walls and an expressive jagged completion have been preserved. The thickness of the masonry at the base of the tower reaches 2 m.

Fountains and old cottages

In the green Jubilee Park, near the Fedodosia railway station, in 2004 a fountain "To the Good Genius" was opened. It is dedicated to the native of Feodosia I. K. Aivazovsky. 110 meters away, closer to railway tracks there is another fountain, built according to the project and at the expense of the artist himself. This beautiful architectural monument has an interesting history.

Century after century, the city grew, and the surrounding forests were cut down for construction purposes. The thoughtless destruction of trees led to the fact that already from the middle of the 19th century, the inhabitants of Feodosia constantly experienced a shortage drinking water. The problem was so acute that high-quality water had to be delivered from Sevastopol in barrels by sea.

Aivazovsky was born in Feodosia, and on the territory of his family estate there was a full-flowing Subash spring. In the autumn of 1887, the artist decided to donate the water of the spring to the Feodosians. At his expense, a metal pipeline was built, through which 50,000 buckets of water were supplied daily to an equipped fountain in the city center. The artist created the project of the fountain with his own hand.

In the northern part of Feodosia, on the long Aivazovsky Avenue, there are several old dachas built at the beginning of the last century in the Art Nouveau style. Today they have the status of historical and architectural monuments. Among other buildings, a beautiful architectural ensemble Stamboli Palace (house number 47). In the 1910s, the picturesque house was occupied by the Karaite family of Joseph Stamboli, who was engaged in the development of the tobacco industry in the Feodosia region. During the Great Patriotic War, the Germans set up a hospital in the palace, where wounded soldiers were treated, and now there is a restaurant and hotel complex.

In the house number 29 on Aivazovsky Avenue there is a dacha "Otrada". The Moorish-Spanish building was built in 1914 according to the design of the famous Crimean architect Nikolai Krasnov. "Otrada" is good for its exquisite stucco, strict windows and columns with Ionic capitals.

Nearby, in house number 33, there is a dacha "Milos", made in the traditions of Greek architecture. In addition to the main building, in the old dacha you can see a light rotunda and an elegant fence. Nowadays, one of the buildings of the Voskhod sanatorium is located here. And another Feodosia sanatorium - "Volna" - today occupies the intricate buildings of the old dachas "Villa" (house number 35) and "Flora" (house number 37).

The nearest airport to Feodosia is located 120 km from the city, in Simferopol. It's a big one international terminal, which takes regular flights from many cities of Russia and from abroad. From the Simferopol airport to Feodosia on the P23 highway, you can arrive by taxi in one and a half to two hours. The road on regular buses "Simferopol - Kerch" and "Simferopol - Feodosiya" or on fixed-route taxis will take 2 to 2.5 hours.

There are two ways to get to Feodosia by train through Russia. The first option: take a ticket for the direct train "Moscow - Feodosia", which reaches the Kerch Strait and is transported across the strait. This route is convenient because passengers do not need to get off, and the train arrives in place in 23.5-26 hours. The second option: use the Russian Railways service " single ticket”, that is, by train to get to Krasnodar or Anapa, and then by bus through Kerch Strait get to Feodosia.

From the Novoyasenevskaya metro station in Moscow, there is a direct bus to Feodosiya once a day. from Moscow to resort town he arrives in 23-25 ​​hours.

By car, you can get to the Crimean resort through the territory of Ukraine and Russia. The first way is the shortest, but it involves crossing the border. The second option takes much more time and is laid along the highways M4 "Don", P251 and through the ferry port "Kavkaz" - the port "Crimea". A significant disadvantage of this route is the long queues for the ferry. From the ferry to the city you need to drive another 120 km.

You can also sail to Feodosia by sea. Anapa and the Crimean city are connected by high-speed catamarans that reach Feodosia in 3 hours.

General information and history

Feodosia is located in the southeast of the Republic of Crimea, on the Black Sea coast. City Day is celebrated on the last Saturday of July. The area of ​​the city is 42.29 km².

The city was founded by the Greeks in the 6th century BC. In 355 BC, it was conquered by the Bosporan kingdom. After 600 years, the city was destroyed by the Huns. At that time, the Alans lived in this area, who gave the settlement the name Ardabda. In the 5th-13th century, the settlement was part of Byzantium, with a short break, in which the Khazars owned it. From the 13th century, it began to depend on the Golden Horde, before the Genoese bought it.

They built a rich trading city of Kaffa, which played a leading role among the rest of the Genoese colonies in the Northern Black Sea region. 70 thousand people lived in it. The mint functioned. Natives of modern Italy were allies of the Golden Horde. This state granted the Europeans the right of full self-government. In the middle of the 15th century, Kaffa occupied an area larger than Constantinople, mostly Armenians lived there. In 1475, all Genoese possessions were captured by the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans named the city Kefe. It retained its significance as a port, in addition to this, a slave market began to function. In 1616 hetman Sahaidachny took Kefe.

In 1774 Kaffa became part of the Russian Empire. Thirty years later it was renamed Feodosia. In the 19th century, Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky worked in Feodosia. In 1892 there appeared railway communication with Dzhankoy, and seven years later a commercial port moved from Sevastopol to Feodosia. These factors led to the growth of the city and the development of industry.

During the Civil War, Feodosia was affected by the battles of the Bolsheviks with the White Army, as well as with the French, Austrians, British and Germans. Finally, Soviet power established itself in the city at the end of 1920. During the famine, the port of Feodosia provided the country with food and grain. In the first five-year plans, industry began to develop in the city. During the Great Patriotic War, the city was occupied by the Germans twice: from November to December 1941 and from January 1942 to April 1944. In the post-war period, the city was significantly destroyed. In 1954, Feodosia moved from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR, and in the early 70s the city became a resort.

Before the collapse of the USSR, the sphere of the military-industrial complex developed here. In particular, the nuclear arsenal of the Black Sea Fleet was located. More than half of the able-bodied population of the city was employed in the military-industrial complex. Now these enterprises are in decline. It also trained astronauts of the first detachment. The pre-war industrial enterprises, and opened a number of new ones in various fields, including winemaking. In March 2014, Feodosia became part of the Russian Federation.

Districts of Feodosia

In Feodosia, the following areas can be distinguished: Bus station, Garnaeva street area, Dynamo area, Crimean massif, Morsad, Simferopol highway area, Starshinov boulevard area, Center and Chelnokov street area.

The population of Feodosia in 2018 and 2019. The number of inhabitants of Feodosia

The data on the number of city residents are taken from the federal state statistics service. The official website of the Rosstat service www.gks.ru. Also, the data were taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of the EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The site published data on the number of residents of Feodosia. The table shows the distribution of the number of residents of Feodosia by years, the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.

Graph of change in the population of Feodosia:

As of 2014, about 69 thousand people lived in Feodosia. Population density - 1632.54 people / km².

In pre-revolutionary times, the number of citizens changed as follows: in 1829 there were 3,700 inhabitants, in 1838 - 4,500, in 1861 - 8,400, in 1874 - 10,600, in 1894 - 17,000, and in 1897 - 27,238 inhabitants. In 1921-26 there was a decline in the population - from 35.4 thousand to 28.7 thousand. With the collapse of the USSR, the population decline also began in the city, which continues to this day. From 1989 to 2014, the number of citizens decreased by 11% - from 83.9 to 69 thousand. Only in the early 1990s did the population rise slightly due to the returning Crimean Tatars.

In 2001, the gender composition of the city was as follows: 58.9 thousand women lived, and 49.7 thousand men. In 1897, 11,243 women and 15,995 men lived there. In Feodosia, the proportion of pensioners is quite large.

Representatives of a number of nationalities live in the city. According to the 2001 census, their ratio is as follows: Russians - 72.2%, Ukrainians - 18.8%, Crimean Tatars - 4.6%, Belarusians - 1.8%, Armenians - 0.5%, Moldovans, Tatars, Azerbaijanis and Jews (0.2% each), Germans, Poles, Greeks and Georgians (0.1% each). In 1897, there were 16 thousand Russians, 3.2 thousand Tatars, 3 thousand Jews, 1.7 thousand Karaites, 1.5 thousand Armenians among the townspeople. The share of other peoples was 1.8 thousand.

A rather secluded, but long-established resort, where there is almost everything for successful treatment: healing mud, mineral waters, gentle sea, golden sand, dry and hot climate, rich medical experience and modern technology. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, circulatory organs, chronic diseases of the kidneys, biliary tract, and diabetes are treated here.

For autotourism and recreation, there are wonderful conditions on the huge Golden Beach to the east of the city. There are many recreation centers, campsites, private hotels and cottages.

       Story

      Translated from Greek "Theodosius" means "Gift of the Gods". This is how the ancient Greeks from Miletus appreciated this corner of the earth on the shore of an excellent bay, when they founded their trading post here. This happened in the 6th century. BC e.

                In 1971, Theodosians roughly celebrated 2500 years since the founding of the city. There is no indication of the exact year. Feodosia is older than London, Berlin, Paris, Madrid and many other European cities. The Pontic king Mithridates IV Eupator built a fleet here to fight against the Roman Empire.

      The "Hero" of the Middle Ages was the Golden Horde Khan Dzhenibek. In 1347, he pelted the besieged city from catapults with the corpses of his warriors who had died of the plague. The Genoese, who then owned the city, fled to Europe and caused an epidemic that claimed 75 million people. a quarter of the then European population.

      The city was one of the centers of the Great Silk Road. The famous Russian traveler Afanasy Nikitin once walked along it in his "Journey Beyond the Three Seas".

      The legendary Ukrainian woman Roksolana, who became the wife of the Turkish Sultan and one of the most influential women in history, was sold at the local slave market.

& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbspherism of capitalism can be called a local tobacco manufacturer Istanboli, the luxurious cottage of which still indicates not only his wealth, but also an excellent taste.

      Young hero of the Great Patriotic War 13-year-old Vitya Korobkov was shot by the Nazis as a scout of a partisan detachment in 1942.

       Climate, beaches and sea

      The duration of sunshine in the warm half of the year here is 1865 hours, which is less than in Sevastopol, but more than in Yalta. bathing season for adults lasts from May 23 to October 15, for children - from June 22 to September 3. So it's quieter here than on the South Coast.

& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp of Feodosia The main ridge of the Crimean mountains completely comes to, the climate is deprived of a hint of subtropics, but 15 km wide sandy beach from frayed shells, a gently sloping bottom, rare storms and stable sunny weather - all this makes the city great place family vacation. They always come here primarily for treatment. Adults and children. They return from year to year to the same sanatoriums, to the same kind caring friends - doctors and nannies. In general, no one really wants to stand out or impress outsiders, because everyone is seriously concerned with their own health.

       Transport

& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp Feodosia walks the Moscow -Feodosia train, and from the capital of Crimea you can get to the resort for 3 - 3.5 hours by bus or “minibus”, a car in 2.5 hours. And you can also travel to Feodosia by sea - by boat from Yalta or Alushta.

      In the city itself, the chief public transport- "minibuses", in addition - taxis.

       Where to rest

      There are enough sights in Feodosia - after all, the city has changed the 26th century. They are located quite compactly. On Gallery Street are the Art Gallery. I. K. Aivazovsky (house 2) and the A. Green Museum (house 10), on Lenin Street - the Mufti-Jami mosque (1623) and the Armenian church of Sergius (Sarkis) of the 15th century. - this is where the meeting is located stone slabs- Lapidarium, which exhibits Genoese, Armenian and Turkic monuments. In the Seaside Park, the fountain of I. K. Aivazovsky (built in 1888 according to the project and at the expense of the great marine painter) is adjacent to the Constantine Tower (1382 - 1448) - one of the many that remained in the city after the Genoese rule. The main core of Genoese and Armenian monuments has been preserved in the southern part of the city, in the so-called Quarantine. These are the towers of Crisco and Clementine VI, Nameless and Dock; temples of the XIV century: Stephen, Gregory, John the Baptist, John the Theologian.

      The historical past of Feodosia is reflected in archaeological, subject, documentary exhibits collected under the roof of the local history museum in Feodosia. The oldest in Ukraine, it was founded in 1811 by the then mayor of Feodosia S. M. Bronevsky as a museum of antiquities. It was located in the Tatar mosque. Later it was transferred to a new building, specially built on the top of Mithridates Hill according to the project of I.K. Aivazovsky, and in 1988 - to the current room of modern style. The museum constantly operates departments: primitive time, antique, medieval, World War II, ethnographic, nature ...

      In 1990 the Hang Gliding Museum was opened.

& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp cognitiveness of today are mainly marinists and romantic writers who are inspired by unique landscapes and the glorious history of the city.

Theodosia (given by God) - one of ancient cities Europe, founded by the Hellenes 2543 years ago (VI century BC) on the site of the village of Ardabra (the city of the Seven Deities). Soon Feodosia became a city-state and a trading port, successfully competing with the capital of the Bosporus kingdom, Panticapaeum. The location of the city at the crossroads of trade routes, favorable climatic and natural conditions attracted many conquerors to it, who, on the one hand, contributed to the creation historical monuments different peoples, but on the other hand, they destroyed what was built by their predecessors and brought innumerable misfortunes to the population of the city.

In Ukrainian - Feodosiya
Index: 295005
Telephone code: +7 36562; +380 6562
Population: 67.700 people (2012)
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History of the city of Feodosia:

In the IV century BC. (355) Theodosius is annexed to the Bosporus kingdom, playing the role of the largest port exporting grain to Europe.

In the IV century AD. the city was captured by the Huns, who destroyed it and ruined it for many centuries. Nevertheless, during this period of decline, religious buildings of various peoples were built.

In the VII-IX centuries. a Greek temple was built with a hall in the Byzantine style, the base of which was used in the construction in 1854 of the Vvedenskaya Church. During construction, the ancient style of the temple was not respected, frescoes and stone carvings gave the interiors a pseudo-Russian style. In 1937, a gym was placed in the church, and its ministers were shot. In 1993, the temple was returned to the UOC-MP, the dome and the bell tower were restored.

In 909, a Jewish synagogue was built, which after 1000 years was significantly expanded, and a Jewish school was built next to it. In the Great Synagogue in 1929, a sportsman's house was placed, and during the period of fascist occupation - a stable. After the war, the house of officers was located in the synagogue building, and a school was located in the former school "Talmud-Torah".

In the 13th century, the Genoese took possession of the ruins of ancient Feodosia and built new town Cafu, which was repeatedly raided by the Tatars. Therefore, a powerful citadel was built in the city, the ruins of which have survived to this day. The Kafsky fortress on the shore of the bay was built in the 1340s. The walls of the citadel, 11 meters high, with 14 towers, of which the towers of Christ and Clement VI have been preserved, reliably protected the city.

Some religious buildings of Kafa have also been preserved: the churches of St. George and St. Stephen, the churches of I. Baptist and I. Theologian. The Orthodox Greek Church of St. George was built by a Muslim who converted to Christianity, Marquis Aslan in the 14th century. It is located opposite Kafa Fortress in the Temple Valley. The temple was part of the Monastery of the Victorious and was ruled by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. The temple exhibits an exposition of the history of religious buildings of the Temple Valley of Theodosius and a model of the Kafa citadel.

Church of I. Baptist was built in the XIV century. Temple Valley, next to the Church of St. George. In 1858 the church was reconstructed and renamed the Iberian Church. In the USSR, the temple was turned into a warehouse, currently transferred to the UOC-MP.

Near the Iberian Church is located Armenian church I. Theologian, erected in the XIV century. in the Armenian cult style with excellent acoustics. The doors to the church are decorated with carved ornaments.

The Greek church of St. Stephen (St. Dmitry) was built in the 15th century. in the Quarantine area behind the wall of the Kafa fortress. The altar and wall of the temple are decorated with frescoes in the late Byzantine cult style.

One of the most tragic events in the history of Kafa was the plague epidemic that began in 1347 in the camp of the Golden Horde hordes that besieged the fortress. The Tatars used catapults to throw the corpses of their warriors, stricken with the Black Death, through the walls of the fortress into the city, spreading an epidemic on it. Fleeing from the plague on ships, the population of Kafa landed in the cities of Europe, spreading the epidemic. As a result of this epidemic, 75 million people died in Europe. Until now, the Feodosians call the area of ​​the city, in which the ruins of the fortress have been preserved, Quarantine, and the area adjacent to the sea, Chumka.

Medieval Kafa with a population of 100 thousand people. was a cosmopolitan city. Therefore, Catholic and Orthodox churches, Armenian churches, Muslim mosques, synagogues, monasteries were built in the city, some of which have survived to this day. For example, the Armenian Church of St. Sarkis, built in 1330, has survived to this day. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky, a romantic of the sea, the best European sea painter, a “virtuoso of clouds and air”, is buried in the fence of the church in a white marble sarcophagus (by the sculptor Biojoli). There is a record in the church book that Gevork Ayvazyan and his wife Hripsime had a son, Hovhannes Ayvazyan. The inscription on the sarcophagus is made in ancient Armenian. Nearby is the crypt of the second wife of the artist, an Armenian by nationality. The stone Armenian Church of Arkhangelsk, built in 1408 in the style of the Italian Middle Ages, has also been preserved. Next to the church, it is planned to erect a monument to the brother of I. Aivazovsky, a historian, orientalist, linguist, philosopher G. Aivazovsky.

In 1475, the Turks captured the city, turning it into the capital of the Crimean province of the Sultan, which was called Keffe, Crimea-Istanbul or Kuchuk-Istanbul. Having destroyed a number of Genoese structures, the Turks built mosques, minarets, oriental baths, incl. the tower of Constantine that has survived to this day, the Mufti-Jami mosque restored in 1975 with an 8-sided minaret, an Armenian fountain indicating the date of construction 1586

The inhabitants of the city were turned into a living commodity, which was sold in the slave markets of Istanbul and mediterranean countries. This was repeatedly prevented by the Zaporozhye Cossacks, who stormed the fortress and destroyed the Turkish fleet, freeing the slaves.

In 1771, the city passed into the possession of Russia and was again renamed Feodosia. During the battles for the city, it was again heavily damaged. The 3-century Turkish occupation and the battles for its liberation turned Feodosia into a deserted town without greenery, with the ruins of a fortress and hundreds of shacks among the ruins and ashes. During the restoration of the city, objects are being built that attract tourists:

• In 1811, according to the project of I. Aivazovsky, the first museum was built with 70 thousand exhibits and dioramas of the city's landscape.
• In 1911, the Milos mansion was built in the style of ancient Greek neoclassicism with a sculpture of Venus de Milo, antique statues, fountains, caryatid columns. Currently, the sanatorium building is located in the mansion.
• In 1914, the Neo-Moorish style Stamboli mansion was built with a 4-tier tower, a dome, galleries, grottoes, mosaic glass in the windows, and a fountain with figures of angels. In 2013, the mansion housed a museum of underwater archeology, which exhibits objects from sunken ships from ancient to modern.
• Only in the 90s of the XIX century was built Railway Dzhankoy-Feodosia and the port, returning the value of Feodosia major port. But the remains of ancient structures (Kaf fortress, Turkish bastion, Sultan-Selim mosque, Turkish baths) were dismantled to provide materials for newly built facilities. The development of the city's economy was combined with the development of tourism.

The October Revolution and the Civil War led to new destruction of religious buildings - the A. Nevsky Cathedral, ancient temple St. Michael. But after civil war the conversion of nationalized dachas into health resorts and sanatoriums began. Feodosia becomes not only an industrial city, but also a center of tourism.

The Aivazovsky Gallery operates in the city, which houses 417 paintings by the outstanding marine painter. Only in the secret room of the gallery, for a sponsorship fee, you can see the artist's mystical painting "On the Death of Alexander III", which has never been exhibited anywhere.

The museum of money is very popular, where you can see all the issues of money of the Bosporan kingdom, the only coin in the world tatraobol of the 4th century BC, a bill of 1 million dollars. USA.

A. Green Museum recreates romantic world heroes of his works.

Another major damage to the city was caused by the fascist occupation. This heroic period is reminded by the established monuments in the city:

• a monument of Glory in the Jubilee Park with an Eternal Flame in honor of the soldiers who died for the liberation of the city;
• in 1966, an anti-aircraft ship's machine gun was installed, covering the Kerch-Feodosia landing force with fire, which liberated Feodosia from the enemy in 1941;
• in 1959, a monument was erected to the 13-year-old partisan scout Vita Korobkov, who was shot in 1942 together with his partisan father; in honor of the hero schoolboy in Feodosia, a street is named and high school. On st. Korobkov, a museum of the Tsvetaev sisters was opened;
• on the grave of the paratroopers who died in 1942, an obelisk was erected on the city of Mithridates;
• in 1967, a monument to the victims of fascism was erected over the mass grave of 6,000 citizens, whom the fascists shot and threw into an anti-tank ditch.

Opened in 2012 viewpoint on Mt. Mithridates and Dolphinarium "Nemo"

Tourists are attracted to Feodosia not only by sights, but also by other factors:

• the geographical location of the city on the western coast of the Feodosia Gulf and the slopes of Mount Tepe-Oba;
• favorable climate with average temperature air in July +24°С, in February +30°С;
• the possibility of swimming in the sea from May to October;
• availability of the best in Europe mineral waters and therapeutic mud of Lake Adzhigol;
• healing mountain-sea microclimate;
• "golden" beaches with a length of 15 km;
• numerous sanatorium-resort, tourist and health-improving establishments;
• the opportunity within the 55-kilometer excursion to visit exclusive resort centers - Koktebel, Shchebetovka, New World, Old Crimea;
• availability of enotourism with tasting of unique wines.