People puzzle over the pyramids ancient egypt and similar structures in Central and South America, and wonder how early people could lift and move such huge blocks of stone? Of course they couldn't. Early humans did not build these structures.

pyramids

Egyptian pyramids are the greatest architectural monuments Ancient Egypt. The largest is the pyramid of Cheops. Initially, its height was 146.6 m, its height has now decreased to 138.8 m. The length of the side of the pyramid is 230 m.

The pyramid is built from 2.5 million stone blocks; no cement or other binders were used. On average, the blocks weighed 2.5 tons, but in the "King's Chamber" there are granite blocks weighing up to 80 tons. The pyramid is almost a monolithic structure - with the exception of several chambers and corridors leading to them.

Curse of the Pharaoh

The curse of the pharaohs is a curse that allegedly befalls anyone who touches the graves of royal persons and the mummies of Ancient Egypt. The curse is predominantly associated with deaths that took place over the next few years after the opening of Tutankhamen's grave, which took place in 1922.

The main facts stated in the "curse" are as follows:
1. Lord Carnarvon died 4 months after visiting the tomb.
2. Archaeologist Arthur Mays died a few days after Carnarvon;
3. Radiologist Archibald Douglas-Reid soon died;
4. A few months later, the American George Gould, who also visited the tomb, died;
5. in 1923, Carnarvon's half-brother, traveler and diplomat Colonel Aubrey Herbert, died of blood poisoning;
6. In the same year, a member of the Egyptian royal family, Prince Ali Kamel Fahmi Bey, who was present at the opening of the tomb, was shot dead by his wife;
7. in 1924, the governor-general of Sudan, Sir Lee Stack, was shot dead in Cairo;
8. Carter's secretary Richard Barthel died unexpectedly in 1928;
9. In 1930, Barthel's father, Sir Richard, Baron Westbury, threw himself out of a window;
10. Carnarvon's half-brother committed suicide in 1930.
Reports of the death of Lady Almina Carnarvon from an unknown insect bite at the age of 61 are false, as she passed away at the age of 93 in 1969.

Did Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb contain information about the nature and timing of the past Pole Shift, and is it related to the Mummy's Curse? Did the establishment kill those who threatened to release or use the timing information to silence those people? It's no secret that the elite (including the Vatican) are aware of the coming cataclysms that will be caused by the next passage of Nibiru (or Planet X). It is clear that these were not accidents, but the result of efforts to destroy those who owned the information or made it clear that they would seek to use this knowledge.

The Pyramid of the Sun is the largest building in the city of Teotihuacan and one of the largest in Mesoamerica. Located between the Pyramid of the Moon and the Citadel in the shadow of the massive mountain Cerro Gordo, it is part of a large temple complex. The Pyramid of the Sun is the third largest pyramid in the world after Great Pyramid in Cholula, Mexico and the pyramids of Cheops.

Ancient Chinese grave mounds. In popular publications and television films, especially in English, the burial mounds of Ancient China are called "pyramids". The first report of the existence of the giant so-called "White Pyramid" was delivered in 1945 by a US pilot. Later, the existence of pyramidal hills to the north of the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an was confirmed.

Pyramids found all over the world and buried under shifting sands or under randomly growing plants have a similarity in appearance, and this similarity is not accidental. for similar purposes. The pyramids were astronomical instruments that allowed the giant humanoids to detect when their planet, the 12th planet, was approaching and direct their shuttle spaceships to it. Since the 12th planet visits the solar system every 3600 years on average, those who built the pyramids also built them for their followers and wanted to make them permanent - like a written record that cannot be lost. The shape of the pyramids allows them to survive earthquakes and hurricanes and thus was the chosen shape. After the passage, when the pole shift changed the landscape of the earth's surface, the pyramids lost their value as astronomical instruments, but their durability protected them from disappearing from the earth's surface. Thus, they have become another part of the riddle that humanity grapples with in an attempt to solve it.

stonehenge

Stonehenge is a stone megalithic structure in Wiltshire (England). It is located about 130 km southwest of London, about 3.2 km west of Amesbury and 13 km north of Salisbury. One of the most famous archaeological sites in the world, Stonehenge consists of ring and horseshoe structures built from large megaliths. The first researchers associated the construction of Stonehenge with the Druids. Excavations, however, have pushed back the creation of Stonehenge to the New Stone and Bronze Ages. The material for dating the sarsen boulders, which is available in a very limited amount, indicates 2440-2100 BC. e.

Stonehenge is ancient, much older than man believes. It was created so early that it is not imprinted in any cultures, and all the threads are broken. Stonehenge is neither a sundial, nor a device for astronomical measurements, nor a place of worship or sacrifice, nor a meeting place. All these interpretations are only an attempt by mankind to explain the purpose of Stonehenge, since the true explanation can lead to too much confusion.

So what exactly is Stonehenge? Stonehenge was built at the behest of a reptilian king who lived on Earth so long ago, when humans first appeared. However, the building was intended for emerging people who existed at that time. This is a subliminal message containing a sadistic appeal and influence on those who will be sacrificed. People should look at Stonehenge and imagine the desperate efforts of an innocent lying on a table under a knife. Why was there another table? So that they represent a bunch of villains surrounding the victim. Why is there a circle? Lest they imagine any force entering the inside of the circle to save the victim. Why else is this all out in the open? Stonehenge was built in order to fulfill the purpose that its creators laid in it - to penetrate into the subconscious of mankind.

If the value of pi in Babylon is 3.125, then the circumference of the Sarsen circle in Stonehenge is 3650 imperial inches, which is represented in great pyramid. This is a coded message representing the orbital period of Planet X.

Easter Island

Like most other oral traditions, the folklore of the inhabitants Rapa Nui passed down from time immemorial through many generations, and therefore it is not known whether these stories are based on historical facts. At the center of most statue stories is the mystical idea that massive megaliths were moved by the use of "mana" or divine energy. Those who possessed "mana" were able to direct the movement of "moai" (i.e. statues) to the place intended for it. Information about who actually possessed the "mana" varies considerably.

In 1919, the British archaeologist Katherine Routledge, who lived on Easter Island for a year, wrote in her journal: "There was a certain old woman who lived at the southern edge of the mountain and held the position of a cook for statue makers. She was the most important person among influential circles and moved the statues with the help of supernatural forces ("mana"), placing them everywhere at will." Earlier reports left by visitors to the island indicate that the statues were positioned by the mythical King Tuu Ku Ihu and the god Make-Make. It was known that there were even special priests who moved moai at the request of those who wanted to have them on their ancestral land or on ahu (base of wind-blown sand).

And this is a pedestal under the moai on about. Easter:

Giant humanoids have long faces, but the discovered skulls, usually described as alien, do not belong to these humanoids. The heads on Easter Island were designed to intimidate, as the appearance of these faces was, and indeed is, the texture of their faces.

Megaliths of South America

Sacsayhuaman is a large ceremonial complex in Cusco, according to legend, it was erected by the first Inca king, Manco Copac. According to scientists, the megalithic structures were built in the tenth - thirteenth century. The best preserved area of ​​the complex - big square with three massive terraces adjacent to it.

The stones used in their construction are among the largest among pre-Columbian structures. Giant boulders are so precisely fitted to each other that you can’t even slip a sheet of paper between them. It is believed that this technology, as well as the presence of rounded corners on the stones, allowed Sacsayhuaman to endure the numerous destructive earthquakes that occurred in Cusco.

Not far from Sacsayhuaman, sixty kilometers northwest of Cusco, there is another megalithic site - Ollantaytambo. In the nineteenth century, the ruins of the city attracted scientists from all over the world, who were extremely surprised at the way the buildings were built. During its heyday, Ollantaytambo was a fairly large settlement.

Its plan is typical of the Incas - four transverse streets crossed seven longitudinal ones, in the center there was a large square. The city consisted of residential buildings, temples, warehouses, as well as utilities - it even had some kind of water supply. Most of the structures were built from large stone blocks, closely fitted to each other.

Located high in the mountains near the Chilean town of San Clemente, the site of El Enladrillado is the subject of much debate among scientists, as well as the source of myths and legends. From Spanish, "El Enladrillado" literally translates as "stone floor". Actually, this phrase is the best way to describe this area.

El Enladrillado - stonework that covers the surface of the earth. It is made of large boulders, tightly joined to each other. At the same time, in its shape, the masonry resembles a triangle, pointing towards the Descabezado Grande volcano.

Tiwanaku or Taipikala - ancient settlement in Bolivia, 72 km from La Paz near east coast Lake Titicaca. According to the materials of excavations, this settlement dates back to 1500 BC. e.

High in the mountains of South America are traces of ancient civilizations with features similar to the ancient civilizations of Egypt. These are structures that were built from large blocks of stone and that were paved and fortified in the same way as the Great Pyramids. Spaceports on high mountain plateaus, which can be clearly seen from space, are still hardly recognizable from the surface of the Earth. In the humid jungle to the north lie the outlines of cities abandoned for no apparent reason. The land is fertile, the water supply is rich, and yet they are there unattended and uninhabited. Legends say that human sacrifices were made on pyramid-like platforms, that hearts were torn from the chest of living people, but no evidence of this practice exists among the local peoples. Who built it and where did they go?

All these traces of ancient civilization are only traces left by humanoid aliens from the 12th planet who left the earth. Human sacrifice - never a practice of the local population - was also discontinued, as this ferocious method of punishment was used by the dominant aliens to keep their wayward human slaves on a tight leash. After they left, the frightened people either left to wander or played politics, according to which they chose their new masters for one day. If people don't have the technology to make a city function, then cobbled streets and stone structures become an unnecessary burden. People were forced to walk much further to work the fields or to go hunting. Why did they have to take all these tedious steps? Soon the cities were deserted by all but the monkeys, lizards and vines that crawl through everything in the jungle.

Baalbek is the oldest and most majestic city on Earth, the ruins of which are located at the foot of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, 85 kilometers northeast of Beirut in Lebanon. The Sumerian chronicles mention that Baalbek was built at the same time as the pyramids of Giza. The structures of Baalbek are striking in their size. The grand temple of Jupiter once stood on the Baalbek terrace.

In the southeastern wall, the base consists of nine rows of stone blocks weighing more than 300 tons each. In the southwestern wall of the base lie three colossal megalithic blocks of absolutely incredible size, called Trilithon - the Miracle of the Three Stones. Each of them reaches a length of 21 meters, a height of 5 meters, a width of 4 meters. They weigh 800 tons each. Moreover, these monoliths lie at an eight-meter height. On the blocks, traces of machining of the planes are visible.

Contrary to the sometimes occurring statement, the so-called. The "Southern Stone" was not at all thrown by the builders along the road and was not lost during transportation - it remained lying in the quarry, and was not even completely separated from the rocky foundation. The slope of the block is given by the general slope of the surface that the rock mass had in this place.

Giant humanoids from the 12th planet, which have entered the legends of many terrestrial peoples, wandered the Earth and even in those places where there were no legends about their presence. These humanoids are recorded in the mythology of Europe as Greek gods or as Vandals-Visigoths, in Africa - in the memory of the Dogon tribe, in South and Central America - in the Mayan and Inca cities. However, they also visited Australia and the East, although the only traces of them there are artificially made objects. The gods of the ancient Egyptians, the ancient Babylonians, the Germanic Visigoths, the gods of the ancient Maya and Incas are, almost down to the individual, royalty from the 12th Planet stationed on Earth to oversee the development of mines.

Avebury

Avebury is a late Neolithic and early Bronze cult site, consisting of megalithic tombs and sanctuaries. It is located in Wiltshire, England and takes its name from a nearby village. According to archaeologists, the complex was created and intensively used in the period from 2100 BC to BC. e. to 1650 BC e.

Avebury structures are associated by scientists with the culture of bell-shaped goblets. It consists of a huge cromlech with an area of ​​​​11.5 hectares and a diameter of over 350 meters, surrounded by a moat and rampart, with approximately 100 stone pillars, each weighing up to 50 tons.

Avebury and Dark Star. People who settled in the past in the Avebury area and began to lay out stone circles here witnessed a most amazing astronomical phenomenon. In any case, it is interesting that the third circle, with an additional winding track extending from it, located near Avebury, means an object similar to Planet X.

It seems that Babylonian culture allows for such a double interpretation. At the top of this stele is an image of a trinity of bright astronomical objects - the Sun, the Moon and the third radiating planet. Please note that the Babylonian deity Marduk, a deity closely associated with the planet Nibiru, is depicted on the stele below. It is interesting to compare this image with the later alchemical image of the dragon symbolizing Azoth, with its two suns and moon. Planet X, represented as the Second Sun, and the winding, undulating path are depicted in crop circles in many places.

newgrange

Newgrange is a megalithic religious building in Ireland, a corridor tomb, which is part of the Bru-na-Boine complex. Newgrange dates back to 2500 BC. e. In the building with a diameter of 85 meters and a height of 13.5 meters, a 19-meter gallery was made, which points strictly to the southeast and leads to a cruciform hall. The most exciting time to visit Newgrange is December 21st and the days before and after. At dawn, during the winter equinox, the sun's rays rush straight into a small hole above the entrance to the gallery, reach the farthest stone and then fill the entire room with light. Some researchers believe that Newgrange is the oldest "astrological" building of its kind on earth.

If the Annunaki built the Great Pyramids as an astronomical device so that the Annunaki who remained on Earth could determine when their home planet, Nibiru, would enter the solar system, were other such observing devices built in the same time period? Man estimates that the Great Pyramids were built approximately 4,000 years ago, and the New Grange is estimated to be over 5,000 years old. If the Great Pyramids were built for the astronomers who exist among the Annunaki waiting for the next passage of Nibiru, then the New Grange was a type of structure built in case of disaster. What if a plague breaks out, because then astronomers will lose the ability to keep track of the calendar! Their knowledge, of course, was recorded in writing, but we are talking about tasks that have not been solved due to the uncertainty of the number of days, weeks or months that have passed. In such a case, a team would be sent to an observation site such as New Grange to mark the arrival of the Winter Solstice and quickly report back to the astronomical center.

The New Grange is famous for witnessing the arrival of the solstice, when around dawn on the day of the Winter Solstice, sunlight enters it. Since the former N Pole was located on Greenland, and the crustal shift during the last shift simply pulled Greenland to a more southerly latitude, only the nature of the observation before and after the moment of the solstice changed at the solstice. - Arcs of the trajectory of the Sun in the winter in the Northern Hemisphere in the direction from north to south, and therefore, ultimately, it looks into the hole in which the moment of the Winter Solstice is recorded. Further, at more northern latitudes, the Sun looked through the hole earlier. Does any sunlight enter through this hole before or after the solstice? Of course, why not? After all, a hole is not a point. But the approximate time of the Winter Solstice can be registered.

Megaliths in Siberia

Have you already seen it? March 10, 2014 Mountain Shoria, in the south of Siberia, the researchers found an exceptionally huge wall of granite stones.

Some of these giant granite stones are estimated to weigh over 3,000 tons, and as you will see below, many of them were carved "with flat surfaces, right angles and sharp edges". Nothing of this magnitude had ever been discovered before. The largest stone found at a megalithic ruin in Baalbek, Lebanon weighs less than 1,500 tons. So how is it that someone cut 3,000-ton granite stones with unprecedented precision, moved them up the side of a mountain, and stacked them 40 meters high?

Lifting large stones from which they created their pyramids and walls, the Annunaki were helped by aliens who are able to control gravity in relation to their ships, themselves and objects, such as large stones. Their ships do not hover with the help of jet propulsion, but due to the creation of a separate gravitational field inside the ship. Contactees report floating in the air during visits. Thus, the discovery of massive megaliths should not come as a surprise. The Annunaki have been on Earth since before humanity was genetically engineered from apes. The land was sparsely populated, so their mining work did not interfere with the efforts of genetic engineers. Due to their long stay on Earth, they were or were buried under the shifting soil, puzzling modern man.

Dolmens

Dolmens are ancient burial and religious structures belonging to the category of megaliths (that is, structures made of large stones). The name comes from the appearance of structures common to Europe - a slab raised on stone supports, resembling a table. The main function for dolmens of all types is funerary.

Why would early man cremate his dead? Today there are cultures in New Guinea that eat their dead to gain the strength and wisdom of the deceased. This approach to the use of the dead is common throughout the world. The practice can be found in Africa and South America, and in the past was also in use in China. This is at the heart of cannibalism. So given that the Annunaki were viewed as powerful and dominant giants by early man, and given that early man in all likelihood would thus attempt to eat a dead Annunaki in order to gain these qualities, the Annunaki burned their dead on a regular basis. What is the reason why no mummies or Annunaki graves have been discovered? They were burned and their ashes scattered.

Megaliths are the oldest constructions, consisting of blocks or single modules. The definition of megalith is not clear and includes groups of various constructions. An example of this are such structures as menhir, cromlech, dolmen, taula, trilit, seid, cairn. And since most of the underwater surfaces of the oceans remain unexplored to this day, it would be reckless to claim that we know at least a small part about these buildings and their creators. After all, it is in salt water that buildings of this type are best preserved. But the cost of such scientific research is prohibitively high, so for now archaeologists are forced to be content with ground-based research.

Purpose of megaliths

Megaliths are widespread in paralytic territories. According to scientists, the purpose of megalithic structures is very diverse. So, in some areas they served for burials, in others - for uniting large communities, thirdly, they were ceremonial buildings that cultivated the spirits of the dead, and they could also be used for astronomical purposes. However, there is no general picture, scientists argue to this day and cannot come to a single solution. On the this moment there are more than a dozen conflicting theories, and all of them are equally likely and unreliable.

In Europe, megaliths are attributed to the time period from the third to the second millennium BC. In England, a feature is that megalithic buildings date back to the New Stone Age. The current analysis of pundits refutes previous attempts to tie megaliths to a single large megalithic culture.

Megaliths and folk tales

In many countries of the world, legends are made up of megaliths, to be more precise, they mostly tell about the creatures who were engaged in this titanic work. According to the Polynesians, the creatures were dwarfs, no more than ninety centimeters tall. The extraordinary strength that overwhelmed them helped them to fell huge trees with just one look. They were distinguished by their extreme benevolence towards human creatures and therefore helped them in energy-consuming labors.

Hawaiian megaliths
Photo: http://earth-chronicles.ru/Publications_9/17/5/SamosirMegalith.jpg

According to beliefs, the megalithic structures of the menehune, as they were called in Polynesia, were built at night, since the sunlight was unbearable to them, and sometimes even destructive. The ubiquitous folklore does not allow skeptical pundits to completely refute these conjectures.
Therefore, while this mystical origin of megaliths remains the deepest secret of the ancestors. Or rather, their legends, since there is no evidence, the preservation of reliable facts in folklore either.

Classification of megaliths

The simplest representative of megaliths appears to archaeologists of various times menhir. The menhir is an inelegantly crafted pillar, wide at the base and tapering towards the top.

Most often there are menhirs set up in groups, in some areas they are displayed in whole alleys. Cromlechs are also commonly referred to as menhirs. The term cromlech was fixed only in continental Europe. Cromlechs, in turn, are structures erected until the early Middle Ages.

Cromlech with menhir.
Goncharsky dendrological park named after P.V. Bukreeva: Goncharka, Giaginsky district, Adygea
Author: BubukaGala - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49107361

The term that characterizes this design, came from the Celtic dialect and remotely resembled dolmens, therefore, in Russia, archaeological communities often call them that, which creates some confusion in the wording. In the UK, not far from the town of Salisbury, there is the most popular cromlech for tourists and more than mysterious for researchers called Stonehenge.

The dimensions of menhirs are also very diverse and can reach twenty meters in height with a weight of about three hundred tons.

Mystery of megaliths

On younger megaliths, over time, not only images, but also carved ornaments begin to be found, which distinguishes them favorably from older structures.
Almost until the 19th century, not having the proper opportunities for full-fledged research, it was assumed that the druids used these structures for sacrifices.

Author: Alexandr frolov - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57324831

To date, structures of a mystical nature still leave beyond the understanding of modern man the purpose of their installation. And also one can only guess how such bulky and heavy structures could be erected, taking into account the fact that the more developed a civilization, the more traces of its existence remain on the planet. And we are dealing with rare, albeit extremely interesting traces of a lost civilization.

Location of megaliths

Menhirs are most often found in Western Europe, they are also widely represented in Asia and Africa. You can also meet them on the territory of the Russian Federation, for example, in the Baikal region, the Caucasus and Crimea

Author: Rost.galis - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48934260

The horizontal installation of stones is less durable, because modern society, using the wisdom of the ancients, to this day resorts to a more solid and durable vertical practice in structures, for example, wanting to perpetuate an event in a particular area.

The history of these buildings has yet to be unraveled. Or maybe it will remain an intriguing mystery of antiquity.

On the surface of the globe, with the exception of Australia, there are many mysterious and ancient buildings. Modern studies have shown that they were erected in the Neolithic, Eneolithic and Previously it was believed that they all represent one common culture, but today more and more scientists are questioning this theory.

So, by whom and why were such megalithic structures? Why do they have this or that form and what do they mean? Where can you see these monuments of ancient culture?

Before considering and studying megalithic structures, you need to understand what elements they can consist of. Today it is considered to be the smallest unit of constructions of this type of megalith. This term was officially introduced into scientific terminology in 1867, at the suggestion of the English specialist A. Herbert. The word "megalith" is Greek, translated into Russian means "big stone".

An exact and exhaustive definition of what megaliths are does not yet exist. Today, this concept refers to ancient structures made of stone blocks, slabs or simple blocks of various sizes without the use of any cementing or binding compounds and solutions. The simplest type of megalithic structures, consisting of only one block, are menhirs.

The main features of megalithic structures

AT different eras various peoples erected huge structures from large stones, blocks and slabs. Temple in Baalbek and Pyramids of Egypt are also megaliths, they are simply not customary to call them that. Thus, megalithic structures are various structures created by different ancient civilizations and consisting of large stones or slabs.

However, all structures that are considered megaliths have a number of features that unite them:

1. All of them are made of stones, blocks and slabs of gigantic dimensions, the weight of which can range from several tens of kilograms to hundreds of tons.

2. Ancient megalithic structures were built from rocks that were strong and resistant to destruction: limestone, andesites, basalts, diorites and others.

3. During construction, no cement was used - neither in the mortar for fastening, nor for the manufacture of blocks.

4. In most buildings, the surface of the blocks from which they are composed is carefully processed, and the blocks themselves are tightly fitted to each other. The accuracy is such that a knife blade cannot be inserted between two megalithic blocks of volcanic rocks.

5. Quite often, the preserved fragments of megalithic structures were used by later civilizations as a foundation for their own buildings, which is clearly seen in the buildings on Jerusalem.

When were they created?

Most of the megalithic objects located in Great Britain, Ireland and other countries of Western Europe date back to the 5th-4th millennium BC. e. The most ancient megalithic structures located on the territory of our country date back to the 4th-2nd millennia BC.

The whole variety of megalithic structures can be conditionally divided into two large groups:

• funeral;
• non-funeral
• profane;
• sacred.

If everything is more or less clear with funerary megaliths, then scientists are building hypotheses about the purpose of profane structures, such as various gigantic calculations of walls and roads, combat and residential towers.

There is no accurate and reliable information about how ancient people used sacred megalithic structures: menhirs, cromlechs and others.

What are they like?

The most common types of megaliths are:

• menhirs - single, vertically installed stele stones up to 20 meters high;
• cromlech - the union of several menhirs around the largest, forming a semicircle or circle;
• dolmens - the most common type of megaliths in Europe, are one or more large stone slabs laid on other blocks or boulders;
• covered gallery - one of the varieties of dolmens interconnected;
• trilit - a stone structure consisting of two or more vertical and one horizontally laid stones on top of them;
• taula - a stone structure in the form of the Russian letter "T";
• cairn, also known as "gurii" or "tour" - an underground or ground structure, laid out in the form of a cone of many stones;
• stone rows are vertically and parallel blocks of stone;
• seid - a stone boulder or block, installed by one or another people in a special place, usually on a hill, for various mystical ceremonies.

Listed here are only the most known species megalithic structures. Let's take a closer look at some of them.

Translated from Breton into Russian, it means "stone table".

As a rule, it consists of three stones, one of which lies on two vertically installed ones, in the form of the letter "P". During the construction of such structures, ancient people did not adhere to any single scheme, therefore there are many options for dolmens that carry various functions. The most famous megalithic structures of this type are located on the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Africa and Europe, in India, Scandinavia, and the Caucasus.

Trilith

One of the subspecies of the dolmen, consisting of three stones, scientists consider trilith. As a rule, such a term is applied not to separately located megaliths, but to monuments that are components of more complex structures. For example, in such a famous megalithic complex as Stonehenge, the central part consists of five triliths.

Another type of megalithic buildings is the cairn, or tour. This is a cone-shaped mound of stones, although in Ireland this name means a structure of only five stones. They can be located both on the surface of the earth and under it. In scientific circles, cairn most often means megalithic structures located underground: labyrinths, galleries and burial chambers.

Ancient and simplest form megalithic structures - menhirs. These are single, vertically massive boulders or stones. Menhirs differ from ordinary, natural stone blocks by their surface with traces of processing and by the fact that their vertical size is always larger than the horizontal one. They can either stand alone or be part of complex megalithic complexes.

In the Caucasus, menhirs were shaped like fish and called vishap. On the territory modern France, in the Crimea and the Black Sea region, quite a lot of anthropomorphic magalites - stone women - have been preserved.

Post-megalithic menhirs are also runic stones and stone crosses created much later.

Cromlech

Several menhirs set in the form of a semicircle or circle and covered from above stone slabs are called cromlechs. The most famous example is Stonehenge.

However, in addition to round ones, there are cromlechs and rectangular ones, as, for example, in Morbihan or Khakassia. On the island of Malta, the cromlech temple complexes are built in the form of "petals". To create such megalithic structures, not only stone was used, but also wood, which was confirmed by the finds obtained during archaeological work in the English county of Norfolk.

"Flying Stones of Lapland"

The most common megalithic structures in Russia, oddly enough, are seids - huge boulders mounted on small stands. Sometimes the main block is decorated with one or more small stones, folded into a "pyramid". This type of megaliths is widespread from the shores of Onega and Ladoga lakes up to the coast of the Barents Sea, that is, throughout the whole part of Russia.

On and in Karelia, there are seids ranging in size from several tens of centimeters to six meters and weighing from tens of kilograms to several tons, depending on the rock from which they were made. In addition to the Russian North, quite a few megaliths of this type are found in the taiga regions of Finland, northern and central Norway, and the mountains of Sweden.

Seids can be single, group and massive, including from a dozen to several hundred megaliths.

The study of megalithic structures will reveal the technologies of the past. How many civilizations existed in antiquity, and can we find traces of them that will complement our understanding of the history of our world?

Who built the huge megalithic structures, the age of which scientists cannot always accurately determine? What technologies were used in their construction and what secrets of stone processing have we lost? What are modern scientists hiding by deliberately destroying many ancient artifacts? Alexander Koltypin, candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences, is sure that a new approach to the study of ancient monuments can provide answers to these questions.

Alexander Koltypin: A single underground-ground megalithic complex, as a foundation, the foundation of some previous world destroyed by the catastrophe. I’m not even sure that this is one world, because if we compare the geological and folklore legends of catastrophes that destroy the previous worlds, then there were at least 4 of them, because, for example, according to the legends of the Aztecs, according to the legends of the Mayans, there were 5 or 6 Indian legends , but according to Jain almost 7 religious texts, and they were destroyed by global catastrophes.

Therefore, this complex, which consists of underground structures, underground cities, ruins and some kind of megalithic buildings, smoothly passing through underground structures, and sometimes you can’t even see any joints, fasteners between them, as it were, here are megalithic blocks, as it were, were cut out of the rocky base themselves and continued it further. Perhaps this is one last world destroyed, previous preceding ours, perhaps in different places different worlds, that is, not only the penultimate world, but also the worlds preceding this penultimate one. It is difficult to say, because these complexes are dumb, they do not contain any minerals, and to determine its absolute age, I see only one possibility so far, this is to scrape off monomineral fractions from the crusts of the secondarily altered rocks of underground cities and isolate there, for example, potassium minerals, To carry out an analysis using the potassium-argon method, we will determine not the age of the construction of these structures, but only the time when this crust of secondary altered rocks was formed.

At least, to determine its age by the coals of rocks found in them, as they do now, by scraps of clothing, there, the remains of some baskets, skeletal remains that could get there, say, after 50, after 10 million years, here , that's completely wrong. It turns out that these megalithic structures, although they constitute, in my opinion, one complex around the world, which is globally distributed throughout the world, covers the entire Earth, it is also developed at the bottom of the oceans. It is represented in the master plan by 3 different formations. These are underground structures, and, moreover, some underground structures, they simply amaze with the clarity of execution, obviously neither chisels nor any handicraft tools worked here, absolutely perfectly carved domed caves, with completely even walls, that these are clearly some kind of machines, machine processing . In the Gavrin district of Israel bell caves, 30 meters high, and about a hundred meters in diameter, traces of drilling are visible, and, from above, there was some kind of drill, expanding diameter, they are clearly visible. What civilization did all this? On many structures, for example, the same structures of Maresha and still in Israel, pyramidal or trapezoidal holes are cut out that run along the perimeter. For what purpose? For what? The acoustics in these rooms are usually stunning, and operas are held there. Or, for example, as we saw this year in Bulgaria, on the outside of such structures, on the contrary, trapezoidal holes are often visible, which are also located according to a certain system, but there is no acoustics at all, there is simply no echo, they are called “deaf stones” , concerning.

That is, this is also, probably, not some kind of coincidence, in one case there is such an echo that it is simply difficult to withstand it, in the other there is no echo at all, that is, ancient civilizations built these structures, taking into account the obvious use of their the acoustic properties. This second complex is simply megalithic, the ruins of some kind of megalithic buildings, castles, structures, most often they are often composed of basalts, indesites, limestones, completely different stones, moreover, different blocks are also square in shape, there are also complexly carved completely, here as, for example, in Hattushash, and some in the form of stairs, there, ledges are cut out. There are sometimes rectangular blocks, there, 500, 600, even 1000 tons, like in Levan there is such a colossus that leaned against. And the third type is on the tops of the mountains that we saw, I call them Perfey fortresses, along the periphery there are megalithic blocks, sometimes they are several tons, sometimes there are tens of tons, and many tens of tons. As a rule, there are round wells on the site, some kind of arches that go down, which, in our opinion, were filled up by someone quite deliberately by someone so that they would not be studied.

As a rule, excursions are not taken there; in reference materials, for example, in tourist guides, nothing is said about them at all. For example, when I started talking about Hattushash, I forgot to say that when describing Hattushash, that there are megalithic structures there, not a word was said in any tourist guide, not in any description on the Internet, not in any archaeological material about this , which I read, also not a word is said. We just went there, assuming that we could meet such blocks, because there was Sklyarov’s expedition before us, who described that there is megalithic masonry there, moreover, in a nearby place in Alaki-Khaya, and we saw such an abundance. Either they are hushing up, or they don’t know, or really the archaeologists who work, they understand that this complex does not fit into this dating, which they are conducting, and they are simply trying to hush up its presence. This also applies to stone statues, for example, in the museums of Ankara, in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara, there are both stone sphinxes and stone lions, they are also on the site, which also dates from the Hittite era. When we compare these destroyed sphinxes with torn off ears, heads, eaten away by erosion, a powerful crust of secondary changes, when we compare with a perfectly preserved ceramic vase, well, that they are of the same age, a very big, to put it mildly, doubt arises. These structures were built different people or creatures, that is, these are the structures that are stacked in blocks that weigh under a hundred, tens and hundreds of tons, loaded onto a mountain, or somewhere we see in such, well, not quite on a mountain, in mountainous areas , but which previously occupied a large territory. It seems that they were really built by some giants, and there are many legends about giants who, with the help of their psychic energy, with the help of levitation, moved these stones, not even expending effort on it themselves, but possessing some kind of superhuman abilities .

Secondly, this is undoubtedly in Turkey, in the Phrygian Valley, we saw this when we traveled to a number of objects, many structures were built by people or creatures close to a human physique, and underground structures. Because, for example, the rooms that have been preserved, the windows have been preserved, the doors to these rooms have been preserved, you can walk through them normally, you feel completely comfortable in them, they are all carved in stone. Here, that is, they built creatures, but the fact that they pulled these blocks up the mountain, and these are not only blocks, these are rooms in which it is comfortable, in which we sit, about this size, carved entirely of stone. Here is a stone, there was such a block, and a hole was cut out, then windows were cut out, and so on, all this was dragged up the mountain. That is, these are, again, beings that possessed some unthinkable superhuman ability. Also, many underground structures are for sure, because, for example, in Taklarin, I saw a toilet preserved underground, which was clearly for beings of an ordinary, normal human physique, approximately, was built according to a similar principle. And at the same time, some structures, such as in Cappadocia, apparently were built by some kind of dwarfs. I can’t give a better comparison than this Chud, which is in the Urals, and, by the way, that there were people there Chud, we were told about this even in the first year of the institute so unofficially that all copper deposits were found in the footsteps of this mysterious dwarf people, Chud. In fairy tales, this is called gnomes, that is, some kind of gnome shelter, because many underground structures have to literally crawl almost on all fours. This is especially evident in Cappadakia, in Israel in underground cities, that their construction often took place in several stages.

That is, at first some machines worked, mechanisms made halls, magnificent vaulted arches, columns carved in stone, sculptures, apparently, were standing. I even found in one such hall some kind of superfluous writing, and I showed the specialists the embossed writing clearly of the time when it was built. Their interpretation was different, one specialist from Serbia said that this is approximately the Old Slavic date, which approximately corresponds to the third millennium BC. Here, and given the fact that this building, since there are many bas-relief crosses carved there, officially dates from the Byzantine era. Well, you know, it's our Christian era. Other experts generally said that this is not a date, but written, like, I don’t remember verbatim now, “a legacy from past to future civilizations.” Here, that is, as it were, we will die here, or we will perish, but this one will survive the centuries and remain forever, that is, such a translation is of this structure, but this is quite interesting. And, apparently, there were some statues, and, for example, in the Valley of Love in Cappadocia, I saw a place where the bas-reliefs of these statues were preserved. They are eaten away by strong erosion, smoothed out, in the Great Yazilikaya plateau in Turkey in the Phrygian valley, this is between Afinyonkarahisara city and Shekhir, about 200 kilometers west of Ankara. On the Bolshoi Yazilikaya plateau, there is also smoothed erosion, the monuments of stone lions, elephants, birds of some and other mythical animals have been preserved and are quite well visible in the photographs, their contours are hardly recognizable, but they are recognizable from different angles, because, apparently millions of years have passed since they were made. Stone thrones, wells and so on have been preserved there, that is, all this is the legacy of ancient civilizations.

Civilizations, as I said, most likely were different, that is, giants, civilization, some of these were built, some were built by creatures close to us in physique, at least those cities that I call elven. Perhaps these are mythical elves who possessed superpowers. Dwarfs, it's just that ordinary people came further, who ... Every civilization that happened, made changes to underground cities, completed them. For example, if at first the machines worked, then they started working with the help of some ordinary stone chisels, and this is often misleading. In addition, here, for example, in Turkey, again in the Cavusin region, we observed how some modern forces drive and with the help of chisels spoil this stone, ideally carved these structures. Apparently, in order to also create an illusion among tourists, perhaps among specialists, that this is not a long-standing building of some primitive savages, but some kind of high civilization.

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In many countries of the world and even on the seabed there are mysterious structures made of huge stone blocks and slabs. They were called megaliths (from the Greek words "megas" - large and "lithos" - stone). Until now, it is not known exactly who and for what purpose spent in very ancient times in the most various places planets such a titanic work, because the weight of some blocks reaches tens or even hundreds of tons.

The most amazing stones in the world

Megaliths are subdivided into dolmens, menhirs and triliths. Dolmens are the most common type of megaliths, they are original stone "houses", only in Brittany (province of France) there are at least 4500 of them. Menhirs are called vertically elongated stone blocks. If a third block is placed on top of two vertically installed blocks, then such a structure is called a trilith. In the event that triliths are installed in a ring ensemble, as in the case of the famous Stonehenge, then such a structure is called a cromlech.

Until now, no one can say for sure for what purpose these impressive structures were built. There are a lot of hypotheses on this subject, but none of them can exhaustively answer all the questions asked by these silent majestic stones.

For a long time, megaliths were associated with an ancient funeral ritual, but next to most of these stone structures, archaeologists did not find any burials, and those that were found were most likely made at a later time.

The most widespread and supported by many scientists hypothesis links the construction of megaliths with the most ancient astronomical observations. In fact, some megaliths can be used as sights, allowing you to fix the points of sunrise and sunset of the Sun and Moon on the days of the solstices and equinoxes.

However, opponents of this hypothesis raise quite fair questions and criticisms. Firstly, there are a lot of megaliths that are difficult to associate with any astronomical observations. Secondly, why did the ancients at that distant time need such a laborious method of knowing the movement of heavenly bodies? After all, even if in this way they set the dates for agricultural work, it is well known that the beginning of sowing depends much more on the condition of the soil and weather than on a specific date, and can shift in one direction or another. Thirdly, opponents of the astronomical hypothesis rightly point out that with such an abundance of megaliths, as, for example, in Karnak, one can always pick up a dozen stones allegedly installed for astronomical purposes, but what were thousands of others intended for then?

The scale of the work carried out by the ancient builders is also impressive. We will not dwell on Stonehenge, it has already been written about a lot, let's remember the megaliths of Karnak. Perhaps this is the largest megalithic ensemble in the world. Scientists believe that at first it numbered up to 10 thousand menhirs! Now only about 3 thousand vertically installed stone blocks have survived, in some cases reaching a height of several meters.

It is believed that originally this ensemble stretched for 8 km from St. Barba to the Crash River, now it has survived only for 3 km. There are three groups of megaliths. To the north of the village of Karnak, there is a cromlech in the form of a semicircle and eleven lines, in which there are 1169 menhirs from 60 cm to 4 m high. The length of the row is 1170 m.

No less impressive are the other two groups, which, most likely, once, together with the first, formed a single ensemble, as early as the end of the 18th century. it was more or less preserved in its original form. The largest menhir of the entire ensemble was 20 meters high! Unfortunately, now it is tumbled down and split, however, even in this form, the megalith inspires involuntary respect for the creators of such a miracle. By the way, even with the help of modern technology it is very difficult to manage even a small megalith if it needs to be restored in its original form or moved to another place.

Are dwarfs to blame for everything?

Megalithic structures were found even at the bottom Atlantic Ocean, and the oldest of the megaliths date back to the 8th millennium BC. Who was the author of such laborious and mysterious stone structures?

In many legends, in which megaliths are mentioned in one way or another, mysterious powerful dwarfs often appear, capable of effortlessly performing unbearable for ordinary people work. So, in Polynesia, such dwarfs are called menehunes. If you believe local legends, these were ugly-looking creatures, only vaguely resembling people, only up to 90 cm tall.

Although the menehunes had a chilling gaze, the dwarfs were generally kind to people and sometimes even helped them. Menehunes could not stand the sunlight, so they appeared only after sunset, in the dark. Polynesians believe that these dwarfs are the authors of megalithic structures. It is curious that the menehunes appeared in Oceania, having arrived on the large three-tiered island of Kuaihelani.

If the menehuns needed to be on land, their flying island would sink into the water and swim up to the shore. After completing the intended work, the dwarfs on their island again rose into the clouds.

The Adyghe people call the famous Caucasian dolmens the houses of dwarfs, and Ossetian legends mention dwarfs, who were called the Bicent people. The bicenta dwarf, despite its height, possessed remarkable strength and was capable of knocking down a huge tree with one glance. There are also mentions of dwarfs among the natives of Australia: as you know, megaliths are also found in large numbers on this mainland.

In Western Europe, where there is no shortage of megaliths, legends about powerful dwarfs are also widespread, who, like the Polynesian menehunes, cannot stand daylight and are distinguished by remarkable physical strength.

Although many scientists still retain a certain skepticism in relation to legends, nevertheless, the widespread dissemination in the folklore of the peoples of information about the existence of a small powerful people should be based on some kind of real facts. Maybe a race of dwarfs actually once existed on Earth, or aliens from outer space were mistaken for them (remember the flying island of menehunes)?

The secret is still a secret

Megaliths, perhaps, were created with goals that are still unclear to us. This conclusion was reached by scientists who studied the unusual energy effects that are observed at the locations of megaliths. So, in some stones, devices managed to register weak electromagnetic radiation and ultrasounds. In 1989, under one of the stones, researchers even picked up inexplicable radio signals.

According to scientists, such mysterious effects can be explained by the fact that megaliths were often installed in places where there are faults in the earth's crust. How did the ancients find these places? Maybe with the help of dowsers? Why were megaliths installed exactly in the energy active places earth's crust? Scientists do not yet have clear answers to these questions.

In 1992, Kyiv researchers R. S. Furdui and Yu. M. Shvaydak proposed a hypothesis that megaliths can be complex technical devices, namely, generators of acoustic or electronic oscillations. Quite an unexpected assumption, isn't it?

This hypothesis was not born out of nowhere. The fact is that British scientists had previously established that many megaliths emit ultrasonic pulses. As scientists at Oxford University suggested, ultrasonic vibrations arise due to weak electric currents induced under the influence of solar radiation. Each individual stone at the same time radiates a small amount of energy, but in general, a megalithic stone complex can create a powerful energy surge at times.

It is curious that for most megaliths, their creators selected rocks containing a large number of quartz. This mineral is able to generate a weak electric current under the influence of compression ... As you know, the stones from the temperature difference either shrink or expand ...

They tried to unravel the mystery of the megaliths based on the fact that their creators were primitive people of the Stone Age, but this approach turned out to be unproductive. Why not assume the opposite: the creators of megaliths had a very developed intellect, allowing them to use the natural properties of natural materials to solve technical problems that are still unknown to us. In fact - a minimum of costs, and what a disguise! These stones have stood for thousands of years, performing their tasks, and only now people have some still vague doubts about their true purpose.

No metal would have endured so much time, it would have been stolen by our enterprising ancestors or eaten by corrosion, but the megaliths are still standing ... Perhaps someday we will reveal their secret, but for now it is better not to touch these stones. Who knows, maybe these structures are neutralizers of some formidable natural forces?