An incredible reason for the formation of islands. The most incredible reason for the formation of islands

Islands are small areas of land that are surrounded by water on all sides. Man has always been interested in how they are formed and why they have such a diverse shape and appearance. Some of them are only rock formations, while others have incredible features of flora and fauna, which were formed here as a result of long isolation.

The question - how the islands appear, has long been considered by scientists and answers can be found not one or even two. There are many reasons for the emergence of these land areas. One of the main reasons for the emergence of the island is the long process of movement of the earth's crust, as a result of which one of its sections "bulges out", forming a fold on which the island is formed.

But there are also opposite processes that make it clear how the islands that are part of England and Ireland were formed. The fact is that in this place thousands of years ago there was land that united England with the rest of Europe, but as a result of tectonic processes, the earth's crust in this place sank and separated the land from the rest of the mainland. There is no need to think that this process was instantaneous, it took nature many decades to complete the process.

This is how the archipelago appeared - as the group of islands is called, connected by a single location and proximity. In some cases, the formation of an island (in the fiery belt) can be observed in real time. This applies primarily to islands of volcanic origin. In places where the bottom is close to the surface of the ocean, volcanoes can erupt, throwing out red-hot lava, which becomes the basis for the future island.

It is worth thinking about eruptions before leaving to live on the islands, since the volcanoes that formed them can “wake up” at any moment. Although in case you want to find a safe place to live, you can choose the island that was created by the labor of billions of small sea creatures. This construction work is carried out by coral polyps, which create real works of art in places of accumulation. And their lime shells become the basis for the island.

The secrets of the formation of the islands contain answers to how Easter Island, which was once part of a larger land, was inhabited. And if we talk about coral reefs, then it takes thousands of years and warm tropical seas to create such islands. Man also has an impact on nature by creating artificial islands on a floating basis in conditions of overpopulation. Nature still has many secrets that only future generations of scientists will be able to unravel.

Target:

1. Introduce students to characteristic features islands and peninsulas;
2. Learn to find and show islands and peninsulas on the map.

Visibility:

1. Map of the physical world and Russia.
2. Presentation "Islands and peninsulas".
3. Leaflet with information about the origin of the islands and peninsulas.
4. Nameplates for islands and peninsulas.
5. Task cards.
6. Textbook A.A. Vakhrushev “ The world– Grade 2”, Moscow. – Bustard, 2008.

During the classes

1. Organizing time:

- Wish each other good luck.

– What is needed for successful work?

2. Updating knowledge and posing a problem situation:

– Read carefully the topics of the lessons and choose only those that we have studied:

Mountains, map, rivers, plan, peninsulas, plains, lake, islands.

Arrange the cards the way we studied these topics.

- Turn over the cards. (Little luck starts great success.)

This phrase will help us in the lesson.

What cards are left?

Let's turn them over too.

– What is this? (envelopes)

Let's see what's in them. (Tasks)

- Task 1: Ob, Lena, Amazon - this is .... Explain what a river is.

- Task 2: Indian, Pacific, Arctic - this is .... Explain what an ocean is.

- Task 3: Madagascar, Greenland, Kamchatka, Hindustan - this is ....

- What do we do?

- How to find out?

– Let's look at the textbook endpaper map first.

- Guys, why didn’t you immediately give a clear answer to the question?

What do you think our lesson will be about?

- The topic of the lesson: "Islands and peninsulas."

– What do you think, what are islands and peninsulas?

What are your hypotheses and suggestions?

3. “Discovery” of new knowledge:

- And what questions would you like to receive an answer on our topic of the lesson?

– After analyzing your desires, we should get answers to the following questions:

1. What is an island and a peninsula?
2. Is it land or water?
3. Origin.
4. Location.
5. Islands and peninsulas of Russia.

4. Physical education

5. “Discovery” of new knowledge:

- Let's find the answer to the first question: what is an island and a peninsula. Open your textbook on p. 75 and read.

- I think you will immediately answer the second question: what are the islands and peninsulas.

Let's think about the third question: origin. Will help you sheet (Appendix 2) on the desk. Read it carefully.

– What interesting things did you learn about the origin of islands and peninsulas?

- The next question is related to the location of the islands and peninsulas.

- The map on the flyleaf of the textbook will help us with this.

- I show you a sign with the name of an island or peninsula, and you look for it on the map in pairs. Whoever copes, shows a sign of readiness and demonstrates an island or peninsula on physical map peace on the board.

– Imagine that you are travelers, on which of the islands or peninsulas of Russia you would like to be.

- Before setting off on a trip, you need to know about the place where you are going, so at home you will have to prepare a message about the selected island or peninsula.

6. Independent application of knowledge:

- We have learned a lot about islands and peninsulas, and now let's check how you can apply the acquired knowledge?

- Assignments in the workbook p. 38 No. 3, p. 40 No. 6.

- Whoever copes earlier, you can complete the task on p. 40 No. 7.

- Let's check: How is the mainland different from the island?

- What is the most incredible reason island formation?

7. Bottom line:

– Summarizing with Edward de Bono's Six Thinking Hats method.

8. Homework:

– Prepare a report about the island or peninsula that interests you.

The islands vary in size: from small nameless coral to Australia - a huge continent. Animal and vegetable world islands are separated from the main part of the land by water. This means that island plants and animals are isolated from other plants and animals.

How are islands created?

Islands are created in two ways. The first is when part of the land is separated from the main land. For example, Madagascar and New Zealand formed 20 million years ago. Plants and animals have been on them from the very beginning.

Another way islands form is when volcanoes at the bottom of the sea eject so much solid rock that new islands form in the ocean. This is how the Galapagos and Hawaiian Islands. On such volcanic islands at the time of their origin, life was absent.

Island guests

Seabirds spend most of their lives at sea, feeding on fish. They appear on islands in the middle of the ocean to build nests where there are few predators that threaten the chicks.

Frigatebirds have large wings and small feet. They attack other birds, make them regurgitate their food and then dive in and eat it.

Albatrosses have the largest wingspan of any bird. The wandering albatross spends most of its time in the air. It feeds near Australia and nests on the islands of the South Atlantic.

Blue-footed boobies nest on the ground of the islands of the South Pacific. They eat fish and are good swimmers.
Puffins make nests by digging holes in the banks. The color of the beak in males remains bright only for the time of attraction of the female.

New Islands

Most of the new islands are of volcanic origin. Once upon a time, the volcano stopped erupting and turned into just rocks. Soil gradually appeared on them, plants grew and animals came.

The winds and waves of the ocean destroy the rocks and turn them into very small pieces. This process is called erosion. Animals that fed at sea, such as seabirds, seals and sea lions, were the first to appear on the islands. They bred where there were no predators. Their secretions gradually collapsed, mixing with solid particles, and formed the soil.

Plants of the New Islands

Over time, soil appears on new islands and plants can grow. They produce seeds which help plants to propagate. Wind, water, as well as birds and other animals carry the seeds. Some plants have seeds covered with numerous hooks. They are carried by clinging to bird feathers or animal hair.

Other plants, such as figs, produce fruits that contain seeds. Animals eat the fruits, and then the seeds fall out with the feces. The seeds of plants such as orchids are so light that they are dispersed by the wind. In other plants, such as thistles, the seeds are heavier and equipped with feathery parachutes that are picked up by the wind. Coconuts are the seeds of palm trees. Their shells are waterproof, so they are easily transported by the sea.

Vegetarian animals can survive if they appear on islands where there are many edible plants. These are the second animals after seals and seabirds that settle on new islands.

Animals of the New Islands

In order for an animal species to survive on a new island, the first animal to arrive on the island must be able to reproduce (produce young), so it must wait for a mate to appear. Animals that can fly, such as birds, bats, and insects, can cross water. They easily reach the shores of new islands and begin to breed.

Land animals such as squirrels, iguanas, and toads only cross oceans by accident when washed out to sea. They rarely reach new islands. It is believed that a new type of animal appears in Hawaii (islands in pacific ocean) only once every 12,500 years.

more and more complicated, it will simply be impossible to work, to be useful ... A person will bring in new ideas, think about what a machine cannot think about. And for this, the general intelligence of a person, his ability to create something new and, of course, moral responsibility, which a machine cannot bear in any way, will be more and more needed ... the hardest and most difficult task will fall on a person to be not just a man, but a man of science, a man of moral responsibility for everything that happens in the age of machines and robots. General education can create a person of the future, a creative person, a creator of everything new and morally responsible for everything that will be created.

Teaching is what a young person needs now from a very young age. You must always learn. Until the end of his life, not only taught, but also studied all the major scientists. If you stop learning, you won't be able to teach. For knowledge is growing and becoming more complex. At the same time, it must be remembered that the most auspicious time for learning - youth. It is in youth, in childhood, in adolescence, in youth, that the human mind is most receptive.

Know how not to waste time on trifles, on "rest", which sometimes tires more than the hardest work, do not fill your bright mind with muddy streams of stupid and aimless "information". Take care of yourself for learning, for acquiring knowledge and skills that you will master easily and quickly only in your youth.

And here I hear the heavy sigh of a young man: what a boring life you offer our youth! Only study. And where is the rest, entertainment? What are we not to rejoice at?

No. The acquisition of skills and knowledge is the same sport. Teaching is difficult when we do not know how to find joy in it. We must love to study and choose smart forms of recreation and entertainment that can also teach something, develop in us some abilities that will be needed in life.
Learn to love learning!

C1. Plan your text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
C2. What, in the author's opinion, will be the role of man in production in the 21st century? Indicate any two qualities that, in the opinion of the author, a person will need.

names and years of the reign of the first Kyiv princes

The social structure of society is not fixed; vibrations and movements constantly occur in it, i.e. it is characterized by social mobility. Social mobility is a change by a social group or individual of their social position. The term "social mobility" was introduced into sociology by P. A. Sorokin, who considered social mobility as movement along the social ladder in two directions: vertical - movement up and down, horizontal - movement at the same social level. During periods of social change, there is mass group mobility. In stable periods, social mobility increases at the time of economic restructuring. In this case, education is an important "social lift" that provides upward mobility. Social mobility is a fairly reliable indicator of the level of openness or closeness of a society. In modern society, social mobility gives rise to the phenomenon of social marginality. Marginality is a concept that characterizes borderline, intermediate, cultural phenomena, social subjects and statuses ... Marginalization implies a break, loss of objective belonging to a certain social community without subsequent entry into another community or without full adaptation in it. A marginal is a person who is related to two different groups, without completely belonging to either of them ... The subjective idea of ​​a marginal about himself and his objective position are contradictory: he is placed in a situation of struggle for survival. Therefore, the marginal personality has a number of characteristic features: anxiety, aggressiveness, unjustified ambition. The social behavior of the marginal creates difficulties both for the person himself and for the people who communicate with him. For a long time in sociology marginality was assessed negatively. AT recent times sociologists changed their attitude towards it, seeing in this social phenomenon positive side. (Minaev V.V., Arkhipova NI., C1. Based on the text, indicate the feature that defines the essence of social mobility. What (according to P.A. Sorokin) are the main directions of social mobility? C2. Under what two social conditions, according to the authors , education is an important "social lift"? Explain any of these conditions. C3. Whom do the authors call a marginal? Define and give three examples of marginality based on the knowledge of the social science course and the facts of public life. C4. Recently, as the authors note, Sociologists saw a positive side in marginality.