The largest mountain in Asia. Asian countries

Continental Asia is the dream of climbers all over the world. Almost all of its territory consists of mountains and plateaus. Here are the highest mountain systems of the planet. The mountains of Asia excite the imagination and attract attention. I would like to talk about them a little more.

Himalayas

The Himalayas are a powerful mountain range, which is the highest on Earth. The history of the formation of this mountain system has tens of millions of years. There are seven-thousanders and eight-thousanders here. Suffice it to say that all over the world there are only 14 peaks higher than 8 thousand meters, and 10 of them are located in these places. And the highest place on the planet - Chomolungma, is also here. The second name of this grandiose peak is Everest. Its height is 8848 m.

Asia attracts a lot of extreme sports. It can be assumed that the conquest of Everest for them is the main goal of life. Its slopes have become the last refuge of many climbers who have not reached the summit of Asia and the entire planet. For the first time, Chomolungma submitted to man in 1953, and since that time the flow of those wishing to set foot on the top of the world has not dried up.

The southern slopes of the Himalayas are constantly under the influence of monsoons and abound in precipitation. Northern slopes in the zone of cold and dry continental climate.

Pamir

This mountain system is located on the territory of several states. Afghanistan, China, Tajikistan and India are the countries through which the mountain range passes. The highest point of the Pamirs is Kongur Peak. To visit it, you have to go to China. The height of Kognur is 7649 meters above sea level.

The Pamirs can boast of three more seven-thousanders. today renamed as Ismail Samani peak. The height of the peak is 7495 m.

Lenin Peak is now the peak of Abu Ali ibn Sina. The height of the peak is 7134 m. The name of this peak immortalized the name of the greatest healer of antiquity - Avicenna.

Peak Korzhenevskaya. The greatest declaration of love! The peak with a height of 7105 m was discovered in 1910 by the Russian geographer Korzhenevsky and named after his wife and constant companion in the most difficult travels and expeditions - Evgenia Korzhenevskaya.

The climate of the Pamirs is sharply continental. It has very cold winters and short summers. The mountains of Asia, in principle, abound in glaciers, and the Pamirs are no exception. The largest glacier in the Pamirs is named after the great geographer and explorer Fedchenko. It was opened in 1928.

Karakoram

It would be a mistake to describe the mountains of Asia without talking about the Karakoram. In this system, an eight-thousander was formed, quite a bit yielding to the highest peak in the world. The name of this peak is Dapsang, and its height is 8611 m. The average height of this mountain system exceeds 6000 meters. Most of the passes are located at altitudes from 4500 to 5800 m. The Karakorum range consists of crystalline rocks, slates and various types of marble. The largest glaciers in Asia are also located here.

Tien Shan and Kunlun

These outstanding mountain systems are also among the highest in the world. Tien Shan passes through five countries. Its name is translated from Chinese as "heavenly mountains". A large number of peaks of this ridge are located above the mark of 6000 meters. The highest peak of the Tien Shan is located on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and is called Victory Peak. Its height is 7440 m.

Kunlun is the longest mountain range in Asia. Its length is more than 2700 km. And the highest point of the system is Mount Aksai-Chin, whose height is 7167 m. The name of the entire system is translated as “moon mountains”.

This is only part of the answer to the question of which mountains are the highest in Asia. A complete list of Asian mountain systems consists of several dozen names. So for people curious in this direction there is still a lot of interesting information.

Mountains have attracted people since ancient times. The history of their research is extremely fascinating. Many people are interested in what is the highest mountain in the world.

The proposed material tells about the most famous mountain peaks of the world, the history of their conquest and interesting moments associated with this.

The European continent is part of the Eurasian continent. Unlike the Asian half, it is not distinguished by such serious mountain peaks.

But there are mountain ranges with peaks that are included in the list of the most significant on Earth. Let us consider in more detail the characteristics of the remarkable mountains in Europe.

In Russia, the Caucasus mountain range is the highest.

The most famous peaks include:

• Dykhtau- located near the Georgian-Russian border. The summit was first climbed in 1888 by a mixed Swedish-English climbing team.

  It is easy to climb and is always popular with tourists. Height - 5205 m.

• Elbrus- the highest mountain in the country, formed by an extinct volcanic vent and consists of two peaks united by a bridge.

  The western one exceeds sea level by 5642 m. The first ascent of it was made by an English team in 1874.

• Tsakhvoa- the most significant and picturesque peak in Sochi. A biosphere reserve has been established here.
• In Dagestan there are five peaks, some of which exceed sea level by more than four thousand meters.

In addition to the Caucasus, one cannot fail to note the Ural Mountains. This system is older than the previous one, and therefore does not have a serious height.

Ural Mountains, conditionally dissecting Eurasia into two parts of the world, are characterized by large deposits of minerals. From the point of view of climbers, there is nothing remarkable in the Urals.

Altai mountains are located near the Mongolian border and are characterized by stepped landforms with peaked peaks and lake valleys. The height of their peaks does not exceed two thousand meters.

The mountains in the Crimea do not differ in height either. The most famous peak (Roman-Kash) extends 1545 m above sea level.

Eastern Europe is marked by the presence of the following mountains marked on the map:

• Hoverla, located in Ukraine in the Carpathians, is a popular tourist attraction, with a height of 2061 m. The first tourist route was opened in 1880.

  Part of the Carpathian Range is called the Ugrian Mountains by some local peoples living in Hungary and western Ukraine. The massif is not high, but very picturesque.

• In Kazakhstan - arrays characterized by high and low mountain areas.

  In the low-mountain, located in the center of the country, the highest point is located at one and a half thousand meters. Alpine are peaks exceeding one and a half thousand meters.

• In Georgia, Mount Shkhara stands out with a height of 5201 m, representing the central part of the Caucasian massif, on the border with our country.
• In Bashkortostan, Yamantau is known, representing the southern Urals; characterized by two peaks, Big (1640 m.) and Small (1510 m.).

The following mountains are located on the territory of Western Europe:

• Mont Blanc- Western European peak (4810 m.) on the border of Italy and France in the western part of the Alpine massif.
• Dufour (4634 m.)- peak in Swiss and Italian territory. The highest Swiss mountain peak.
• House (4554 m.)- Swiss mountain, first conquered by the British Davis.
• Liskamm (4538 m.)- a peak on the border territory of Switzerland and Italy, dangerous with avalanches and nicknamed the cannibal.
• Weisshorn (4506 m.)- Another Swiss peak, conquered by the British climber John Tyndall.
• Matterhorn (4478 m.)- also on the border of Switzerland and Italy. During its conquest, four climbers fell into the abyss.
• Unlike the nearest neighbors, in Germany there are no such high arrays. There are several peaks up to three thousand meters high.
• In Great Britain there are also several mountain systems, the highest being the Grampian Mountains, representing Scotland.

  The height of some peaks exceeds 1.3 thousand meters from the base.

• In Greece There are several peaks, the most significant of which is Mount Olympus. It is associated with ancient Greek myths that have come down to us from the deep past of Greece.

  In addition to it, several more peaks are noted, with a height not exceeding three thousand meters.

History of the highest mountains of Asia

The Asian continent is distinguished by the presence of the highest peaks belonging to the Himalayan mountains, passing through the territory of different countries:

• Chomolungma (8848 m.). The modern name of the mountain - Everest, is located in China, next to Nepal.

  It is impossible to reach the top of the mountain without the use of special oxygen devices. First conquered in 1853.

• Chogori (8611 m.)– almost falls short of Everest. Located in the northern territories of Pakistan.
• Kangchenjunga (8586 m.)- also in the Himalayas, in India, not far from Nepal.
• Lhotse (8516 m.)- a representative of the Tibet Autonomous Region, located next to Everest, from which the South Col Pass separates.

  The first time a Swiss expedition climbed the peak was in 1956.

• Makalu (8485 m.)- Another Himalayan peak, conquered in 1955 by a French team.
• Himalayan chain In addition to those listed above, it is represented by six more eight-thousanders belonging to India, Pakistan and China.
• In Japan the famous peak is Mount Fujiyama of volcanic origin, which does not reach four thousand meters.

  Thanks to its close-to-ideal conical shape, this is a cult object on the island of Honshu, a place of worship for pilgrims of the Buddhist and Shinto religions.

• In Australia the presence of high mountain ranges is not noted, but they are as peculiar as the continent itself.

  The height of the Western Australian Plateau does not exceed five hundred meters. The mainland is separated by a chain, four thousand kilometers long.

  One part of it is called the Australian Alps, it is the highest system on the continent, some peaks of which barely exceed two thousand meters.

In addition to those listed, there are mountain systems in other parts of the world.

In Africa, unlike Asia, there are no such high mountains. Known for Kilimanjaro, whose name translates as "sparkling mountain", is located in Tanzania, the height is nine hundred meters.

In North America interesting massif of the Cordeliers. Most of it is located in the USA, but also passes through Canada and Mexico.

The ridge is located along the western part of the American continent, the length is over six hundred and fifty kilometers. Mount Robson, part of the part called the Rocky Mountains, rises to 3954 m.

In South America this massif continues with the Andes. This is the longest mountain range on Earth, the length is nine thousand kilometers, it is marked by an average height of four thousand meters.

The highest peak - Aconcagua (almost seven thousand meters) - is located in Argentina.

In Antarctica there are several mountain ranges. The height of the Vinson massif reaches 4892 m.

TOP 10 highest mountains in the world

Here is a list of the 10 highest peaks in the world in the table, listed in descending order:

Photos of these peaks can be easily found on the Internet.

Interesting fact! In the above list, the highest peaks represent the Himalayas - the most significant mountain system in the world.

The highest mountain in the world - what is the name, what height, climbing stories

As already noted, the largest mountain on the planet is Chomolungma. Any climber dreams of climbing it, but not everyone can boast of it.

Almost three hundred climbers and Sherpas died during the ascent to the top. Up to seven thousand successful expeditions were recorded, in which more than four thousand people participated.

The first attempt was made in 1921 and ended in failure. Success was achieved by Italian climbers only in 1953.

As you can see, there are many peaks on the planet that pose difficult tasks for a person.

But, conquering the mountain peaks, people, overcoming multiple difficulties, temper their character and improve themselves. Only a purposeful person will succeed in conquering the mountains.

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The highest mountain peaks of the world by mountain systems. Table.

Note: Dear visitors, hyphens in long words in the table are set for the convenience of mobile users - otherwise the words will not wrap and the table will not fit on the screen. Thanks for understanding!

However, if we take as a basis the height not above sea level, but from the base of the mountain, then the recognized leader among the highest mountains in the world becomes Mauna Kea is a shield volcano located in the Hawaiian Islands.

The height of Mauna Kea from the base to the top is 10203 meters, which is 1355 meters higher than Chomolungma. Most of the mountain is hidden under water, and above sea level Mauna Kea rises to 4205 meters.

The Mauna Kea volcano is about a million years old. The volcano's activity peaked during the shield stage about 500,000 years ago. Currently, the volcano is recognized as inactive - according to scientists, the last eruption was 4-6 thousand years ago.

The highest mountains in the world by continent. Descriptions of the seven highest peaks of the world by parts of the world.

"Seven Peaks" is a climbing project that includes the highest peaks of the world in parts of the world. North and South America, as well as Europe and Asia are considered separately. Climbers who have conquered all seven peaks become members of the "7 Peaks Club"

List of "seven peaks":

• Chomolungma (Everest) (Asia)
• Aconcagua (South America)
• McKinley (North America)
• Kilimanjaro (Africa)
• Elbrus or Mont Blanc (Europe)
• Vinson Massif (Antarctica)
• Kosciuszko (Australia) or Carstens Pyramid (Puncak Jaya) (Australia and Oceania)

The seven highest mountain peaks in the parts of the world. Map.

Chomolungma (Everest) - the first of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in Asia and the highest peak in the world.

Chomolungma belongs to the Himalayas, the Mahalangur-Himal range. The southern peak (8760 m) lies on the border of Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region (China), the Northern (main) peak (8848 m) is located on the territory of China.

The geographical coordinates of Mount Chomolungma are 27°59′17″ s. sh. 86°55′31″ E d.

The fact that Chomolungma (Everest) is the highest mountain in the world was determined by the Indian mathematician and topographer Radhanat Sikdar in 1852 on the basis of trigonometric calculations, when he was in India, 240 km from Chomolungma.

The highest mountain in the world and Asia has the shape of a trihedral pyramid. The southern slope is steeper, snow and firn are not kept on it, so it is exposed. Many glaciers descend from the top of the mountain range, ending at an altitude of 5000 meters.

The first ascent of the largest mountain in the world was made on May 29, 1953 by Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillary through the South Col.

The climate of the highest peak in the world, Chomolungma, is extremely harsh. The wind speed there reaches 55 m/s, and the air temperature drops to -60 °C. As a result, climbing the highest mountain in the world is fraught with many difficulties. Despite the modern equipment and equipment used by climbers, for every twentieth of them, conquering the highest peak in the world is the last thing in life. From 1953 to 2014, about 200 climbers died on the slopes of Everest.

aconcagua- the second of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in South America and the highest peak in the western and southern hemispheres of the Earth.

Mount Aconcagua is located in the central Andes in Argentina. The absolute height is 6962 m. The highest peak in South America was formed during the collision of the Nazca and South American lithospheric plates. The mountain has many glaciers, the largest of which are northeastern (Polish Glacier) and eastern.

The geographic coordinates of Mount Aconcagua are 32°39′S. sh. 70°00′ W d.

Climbing the highest peak of the western and southern hemispheres of the Earth is technically considered easy if carried out along the northern slope. From the south or southwest, conquering the summit of Aconcagua is much more difficult. The first ascent of the highest mountain in South America was recorded in 1897 by the expedition of the Englishman Edward Fitzgerald.

McKinley- the third of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in North America. Height - 6168 meters.

The geographical coordinates of Mount McKinley are 63°04′10″ s. sh. 151°00′26″ W d.

Mount McKinley is located in Alaska, in the center of the Denali National Park. Until 1867, it was considered the highest peak of the Russian Empire, until Alaska was sold to the United States. The first explorer of Mount McKinley is the Russian expedition leader Lavrenty Alekseevich Zagoskin, who first saw it from two sides.

The highest mountain in North America was first climbed by American climbers under the command of the Rev. Hudson Stack, who reached the top of the mountain on March 17, 1913.

Mount McKinley used to be called differently. The Athabaskan Indians - the indigenous people - called her Denali, which means "great." While Alaska belonged to the Russian Empire, the mountain was simply called "Big Mountain". In 1896, the highest mountain in North America received its modern name in honor of the 25th American president.

kilimanjaro- the fourth of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in Africa. Height - 5,891.8 m.

The geographic coordinates of Mount Kilimanjaro are 3°04′00″ S. sh. 37°21′33″ E d.

Kilimanjaro is a potentially active stratovolcano in northeastern Tanzania. The highest peak in Africa consists of three main peaks, which are also extinct volcanoes: Shira in the west with 3,962 meters above sea level, Kibo 5,891.8 meters in the center and Mawenzi with 5,149 meters in the east.

The top of the Kibo volcano is covered with an ice cap. Once this cap was clearly visible from afar, but at present the glacier is actively melting. Over the past 100 years, the glacier covering the top of Africa's highest mountain has shrunk by more than 80%. The melting of the glacier is associated with a decrease in precipitation associated with deforestation in the area adjacent to the mountain. According to some scientists, the Kilimanjaro ice cap will disappear by 2020.

The first ascent of the highest peak in Africa was made in 1889 by Hans Meyer. Climbing Kilimanjaro is not considered difficult from a technical point of view, although it is incredibly spectacular. Due to the proximity to the equator, all types of altitudinal zonality are represented on the mountain, which the climber sequentially passes one after another. Thus, in the process of ascent, you can see all the main climatic zones of the Earth in a few hours.

Elbrus- the fifth of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in Europe and the highest peak in Russia.

The geographical coordinates of Mount Elbrus are 43°20′45″ s. sh. 42°26′55″ E d.

The border between Asia and Europe is ambiguous, as a result of which there are disputes whether Elbrus belongs to Europe. If yes, then this mountain is the highest point in Europe. If not, then the palm goes to Mont Blanc, which is discussed below.

Elbrus is located in the Greater Caucasus, on the border of the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. It is the highest mountain in Russia. The highest peak in Europe is a two-peak saddle-shaped volcano cone. The western peak has a height of 5642 m, the eastern one - 5621 m. The last eruption was in the 50s of our era.

The largest mountain in Europe is covered with glaciers with a total area of ​​134.5 km²; the most famous of them: Big and Small Azau, Terskol.

The first documented ascent of Mount Elbrus dates back to 1829 and was made during an expedition led by General G. A. Emmanuel, head of the Caucasian fortified line. Climbing Mount Elrus according to the climbing classification is not technically difficult. Although there are routes of increased complexity.

Vinson Massif- the sixth of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain of Antarctica. Height - 4897 meters.

The geographical coordinates of the Vinson Massif are 78°31′31″ S. sh. 85°37′01″ W d.

The Vinson Massif is located 1200 km from the South Pole and is part of the Ellsworth Mountains. The massif is 21 km long and 13 km wide. The highest peak of the Vinson Massif is Vinson Peak.

The highest mountain in Antarctica was discovered by American pilots in 1957. The first ascent of the highest peak on the southern continent was made on December 18, 1966 by Nicholas Clinch.

Mont Blanc- the highest mountain in Europe, the fifth of the "seven peaks", if Elbrus belongs to Asia. Height - 4810 meters.

The geographical coordinates of Mont Blanc are 45°49′58″ s. sh. 6°51′53″ E d.

The highest peak in Europe is located in the Alps mountain system on the border of France and Italy. Mount Mont Blanc is part of the Mont Blanc crystalline massif with a length of about 50 km. The ice cover of the massif covers an area of ​​200 km², the largest glacier is the Mer de Glace.

The first ascent of the highest point in Europe, Mont Blanc, was made by Jacques Balmat and Dr. Michel Paccard on August 8, 1786. In 1886, during his honeymoon, the highest mountain in Europe was conquered by the future President of the United States of America, Theodore Roosevelt.

Kosciuszko- the seventh of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in continental Australia. Height - 2228 meters.

The geographical coordinates of Mount Kosciuszko are 36°27′ S. sh. 148°16′ E d.

The highest peak of the Australian continent is located in the Australian Alps in the south of the state of New South Wales on the territory of the national park of the same name. Mount Kosciuszko was discovered in 1840.

The first ascent of the highest mountain in Australia in 1840 was made by the Polish traveler, geographer and geologist Pawel Edmund Strzelecki. He also named the mountain in honor of the military and political figure Tadeusz Kosciuszko.

Pyramid of Carstens (Punchak Jaya)- the seventh of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in Australia and Oceania.

There is disagreement about which mountain to rank as the last, seventh peak. If we take into account only the Australian continent, then this will be Kosciuszko Peak. If we consider the whole of Australia and Oceania, then it will be the Carstens Pyramid with a height of 4884 m. In this regard, there are currently two Seven Summits programs, including the first and second options. But the main option is still recognized as a program with the Carstens Pyramid.

The geographical coordinates of Mount Punchak Jaya are 4°05′ S. sh. 137°11′ E d.

Mount Punchak Jaya is located in the western part of the island of New Guinea and is part of the Maoke massif. The highest peak in Oceania is also the highest mountain located on the island. The mountain was discovered in 1623 by the Dutch explorer Jan Carstens. Puncak Jaya is sometimes called the Carstens Pyramid after him.

The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1962 by a group of four Austrian climbers led by Heinrich Harrer.

The highest mountains in the world by continent and country. The highest peaks of the Earth.

Note: there is still debate among scientists whether or not the Caucasus Mountains should be included in Europe. If so, then Elbrus will be the highest peak in Europe; if not, then Mont Blanc. Until unanimity was reached on this issue, we ranked the Caucasus among Europe, and therefore the mountains of the Caucasus (Russia) were included in the list of the highest mountains in Europe.

This article was dedicated to the highest mountains and the highest peaks in the world.

The process of formation of mountains on Earth takes millions of years. They arise from the collision of huge tectonic plates that make up the earth's crust.

Today we will get acquainted with the highest mountains on 6 continents and see how they look against the backdrop of the highest mountain peaks in the world - the "eight-thousanders", whose height above sea level exceeds 8,000 meters.

How many continents are on Earth? It is sometimes believed that Europe and Asia are 2 different continents, although they are one mainland:

Before we start talking about the highest mountains on 6 continents, let's take a look at the general diagram of the highest peaks on Earth.

"Eight-thousanders" is the common name for the 14 highest mountain peaks in the world, whose height above sea level exceeds 8,000 meters. They are all in Asia. The conquest of all 14 "eight-thousanders" of the planet - the conquest of the "Crown of the Earth" - is a great achievement in high-altitude mountaineering. As of July 2012, only 30 climbers have managed to do this.

North America - Mount McKinley, 6,194 m

This is the highest two-headed mountain in North America, named after the 25th President of the United States. Located in Alaska.

Indigenous peoples called this peak "Denali", which means "great", and during the period of Russian colonization of Alaska, it was simply called Big Mountain.

Mount McKinley as seen from Denali National Park:

The first ascent of the main summit of McKinley took place on June 7, 1913. There are 5 large glaciers on the slopes of the mountain.

South America - Mount Aconcagua, 6,962 m

This is the highest point of the American continent, South America, as well as the western and southern hemispheres. They belong to the longest mountain range in the world - the Andes.

The mountain is located in Argentina and in the Quechua language means "Stone Guardian". Aconcagua is the largest extinct volcano on our planet.

In mountaineering, Aconcagua is considered technically an easy mountain if you climb the northern slope.

The first recorded ascent of the mountain was in 1897.

Europe - Mount Elbrus, 5,642 m

This stratovolcano in the Caucasus is the highest peak in Russia. Considering that the border between Europe and Asia is ambiguous, often Elbrus is also called the highest European mountain peak.

Elbrus is a two-headed volcano with a saddle. The western peak has a height of 5,642 m, the Eastern one - 5,621 m. The last eruption dates back to 50 AD ...

In those days, the eruptions of Elbrus probably resembled the eruptions of modern Vesuvius, but were more powerful. From the craters of the volcano at the beginning of the eruption, powerful clouds of vapors and gases, saturated with black ash, rose many kilometers up, covering the entire sky, turning day into night. The earth shook from powerful tremors.

Today, both peaks of Elbrus are covered with eternal snow and ice. On the slopes of Elbrus, 23 glaciers diverge in different directions. The average speed of glaciers is about 0.5 meters per day.

The first successful ascent to one of the peaks of Elbrus was made in 1829. The average annual number of deaths while climbing Elbrus is 15-30 people.

Asia - Mount Everest, 8,848 m

Everest (Chomolungma) is the top of our world! The first eight-thousander in height and the highest mountain on Earth.

The mountain is located in the Himalayas in the Mahalangur-Himal range, with the Southern peak (8760 m) lying on the border of Nepal, and the Northern (main) peak (8848 m) located in China

Everest has the shape of a trihedral pyramid. At the top of the Chomolungma, there are strong winds blowing at speeds of up to 200 km / h, and the air temperature at night drops to -60 Celsius.

The first ascent to the summit of Everest took place in 1953. Since the first ascent to the summit until 2011, more than 200 people have died on the slopes of Everest. Now the climb to the top takes about 2 months - with acclimatization and setting up camps.

View from space:

Climbing Everest is not only extremely dangerous, but also expensive: the cost of climbing in specialized groups is up to 65 thousand US dollars, and the climbing permit issued by the government of Nepal alone costs 10 thousand dollars

Australia and Oceania - Mount Punchak Jaya, 4884 m

The highest peak in Australia and Oceania, which is located on the island of New Guinea. It is located on the Australian Plate and is the highest mountain in the world located on an island.

The mountain was discovered in 1623 by the Dutch explorer Jan Carstens, who saw from afar into the glacier at the top. Therefore, sometimes the mountain is called the Pyramid of Carstens.

The first ascent of Puncak Jaya took place only in 1962. The name of the mountain from the Indonesian language is translated approximately as "Victory Peak".

Antarctica - Windson Massif, 4,892 m

These are the highest mountains in Antarctica. The existence of the mountain range became known only in 1957. Since the mountains were discovered by American aircraft, they were subsequently named the Vinson Massif, after the famous American politician Carl Vinson.

View of the Vinson Massif from space:

Africa - Mount Kilimanjaro, 5,895 m

This is the highest point in Africa, a huge dormant volcano with two well-defined peaks in the northeast of Tanzania. The mountain has had no documented eruptions, but local legends speak of volcanic activity 150-200 years ago.

The higher one is the peak of Kibo, an almost regular cone with powerful glaciation.

The name comes from the Swahili language and supposedly means "mountain that sparkles".

The snow cap that has covered the mountaintop for 11,000 years since the last Ice Age is melting fast. Over the past 100 years, the volume of snow and ice has decreased by more than 80%. It is believed that this is not caused by a change in temperature, but by a reduction in the amount of snowfall.

The highest peak in Africa was first conquered by the German traveler Hans Meyer in 1889.

Mountains of Asia

Himalayas - the highest mountain system in the world, rising on the border between High and South Asia and separating the Tibetan Plateau from the lowlands of the Indus and the Ganges. In the north, the borders of the Himalayas are the longitudinal intermountain valleys of the Indus and the Brahmaputra, in the south - the edge of the Indo-Gangetic lowland, in the northwest the Himalayas border on the Hindu Kush, in the southeast with the Sino-Tibetan mountains. The Himalayas stretch in a huge arc, convex to the south - southwest. The total length of the mountain system is more than 2400 km, the width is 200-300 km. The Himalayas represent a system of parallel ridges with steep slopes facing the Indo-Gangetic plain, and relatively gentle slopes towards Tibet. The Himalayas are usually divided into three mountain stages: the foothills, the Lesser Himalayas and the Greater Himalayas. The strip of foothills lies at an altitude of 700-1000 m above the Indo-Gangetic lowland. The foothills of the Himalayas are collectively known as the Sivalik Mountains. The Lesser Himalayas are composed of crystalline rocks. The heights of the ridges reach an average of 3500-4500 m, and individual peaks rise up to 6000 m. In the northwest, the Pir-Panjal ridge stretches up to 5000 m in height, further to the southeast it is replaced by the Jaoladkhar ridge (2500-3000 m) and the Small The Himalayas, which merge with the Main Range by the powerful high-mountain Jaulagiri massif, reaching a height of 8172 m. Further to the east, the entire Himalaya system narrows, the zone of the Lesser Himalayas presses against the Main Range, forming the medium-altitude Mahabharat mountains, and even to the east - the high and heavily dissected Duara mountains. Between the Lesser Himalayas and the Main Range lies a strip of tectonic basins, which in the recent past were occupied by lakes. To the north of the basins rise the Great, or Main, Himalayas, reaching an average height of 6000 m. This is a well-defined alpine ridge, above which the highest peaks of the world rise. More than 130 peaks of the Great Himalayas are above 7000 m, eleven peaks rise above 8000 m. The Himalaya glaciers do not exceed 30 km in length (Gangotri glacier - 26 km, Zemu glacier - 25, Rongbuk glacier - 19 km). The total area of ​​glaciation is more than 1000 km2. The snow line is located very high and fluctuates in different areas of the Himalayas from 4800 to 5500 m. The Great Himalayas are divided into 4 sectors: Assam Himalayas - stretch between the Brahmaputra and Tista rivers, begin in the east with the Namcha-Barwa mountain range (7755 m). The length of this section of the Himalayas is 720 km. The main peaks are Kulakapgri (7554 m) and Chomo-Lari (7314 m). There are more than 15 seven-thousanders with a height of 7100 to 7554 m. Nepalese Himalayas - located between the rivers Tista and Kali, the length is about 800 km. This is the highest part of the Himalayas. In addition to Chomolungma (Everest, 8882 m), the highest peaks of the Nepalese Himalayas are Kanchenjunga (8598 m), Makalu (8470 m), Annapurna (8078 m), Gozaintan (8018 m), Dhaulagiri (8172 m) , Cho Oyu (8189 m), Shisha Pangma (8013 m), Manaslu (8128 m), Lhotse Main (8501 m) more than 20 seven-thousanders. Kumaon Himalayas - located between the rivers Kali and Sutlej They have a length of more than 300 km. There are many mountain lakes in this area. The highest peaks are Nanda Devi (7816 m) and Kamet (7755 m). The Punjab Himalayas stretch for 560 km between the Sutlej and Indus rivers. Their average height is 5000-5500 m. Some peaks exceed 6500 m, the highest peak is Nanga Parbat (8126 m).

Karakoram- a mountain range extending southeast of the Pamirs and the Hindu Kush, between Kun-Lun and the Himalayas, within 74-82 ° E. e. It is separated from the Pamirs by the wide Karachukur valley; the conditional border with the Hindu Kush is the river. Carambar. The Karakorum is the second highest (after the Himalayas) ridge on the globe. Its average height is about 6000 m. Many peaks exceed 7000 m (there are about 80 seven-thousanders). The highest peaks are Chogori (8611 m), Hidden Peak (8068 m), Gasherbrum (8073 m), Broad Peak (8047 m). The relief of the Karakoram is sharply dissected. Transverse valleys have the character of deep narrow gorges. The height of the snow line on the northern slope is about 5900 m, on the southern slope - about 4700 m. The Karakoram is characterized by powerful glaciation. The glaciers Siachen (75 km), Baltoro (57 km), Batura (58 km) reach the greatest length.

Hindu Kush- one of the largest mountain ranges in Central Asia, the fifth highest mountain region in the world after the Himalayas, Karakoram, Kun-Lun and Pamir. The Hindu Kush system includes the Middle Afghan mountains, the Kokhi-Baba ridge and the Hindu Kush proper (Western and Eastern) stretched from the west-southwest to the east-northeast. The length of this system is about 1000 km, the width is 50-500 km. The prevailing heights of the peaks are 4000-7000 m. A watershed passes through the Hindu Kush between the river basin. The Indus and the endorheic region of Central Asia From the Kokhi-Baba ridge (the highest point is the city of Shahfuladi, 5143 m), the Paropamiz and Central Afghan mountains diverge. Actually, the Hindu Kush comes behind Kohi Baba in the form of a backstage. The Hindu Kush itself is divided into lower (4000-5000 m) western and higher (5000-7000 m) eastern parts. At the junction of these sections is the highest peak of the Hindu Kush - Tirichmir (7690 m). The western Hindu Kush is made up of ridges between the Bandi-Amir gorge and the Khavak pass (3350 m). Central Hindu Kush - unites the Khvach-Mukhhamed ridge (northeast of the Khavak pass), the Bandakor mountains, the Main Hindu Kush ridge from Gulbahar to the Dorakh pass. The highest point of the Central Hindu Kush is Kokhi Bandaka (6843 m). Eastern Hindu Kush - includes the Main and Southern ridges between the Dorah and Qualandor-Uvin passes (4000 m), behind which the Wakhan Pamir ridge begins. All 29 seven-thousanders of the Hindu Kush are concentrated here. In the Main Range is the second highest peak of the Hindu Kush - Nushak (7492 m). Significant glaciation only in the Eastern Hindu Kush. A number of glaciers in the Eastern Hindu Kush is not inferior to the glaciers of the Karakoram (Tirichmir has a length of 31 km), the snow line passes at an altitude of 5000 m.

Through the mountains to the sea with a light backpack. Route 30 passes through the famous Fisht - this is one of the most grandiose and significant natural monuments in Russia, the highest mountains closest to Moscow. Tourists travel lightly through all the landscape and climatic zones of the country from the foothills to the subtropics, spending the night in shelters.