The name of the ancient Egyptian pyramids. Egyptian pyramids - who actually built them? alien civilization

Great seven wonders of the world - hanging, Alexandrian lighthouse, a statue of Zeus, the colossus of Rhodes, etc. Everyone knows about them. But only one "miracle" of these seven has survived to this day. It's mysterious Egyptian pyramids which are over 4500 years old.

Location and structural features of the Egyptian pyramids:

The pyramids stand on the territory of the ancient cemetery in Giza, which is on the opposite bank from the (modern capital).

Scientists note that during the existence of the Ancient Egyptian kingdom, more than 80 pyramids were built, but only a small part has come down to us. There are three surviving pyramids - these are the pyramids of Cheops, Khafre and Mykerin (they also have Egyptian names - Khufu, Khafre and Menkaur). Only the first of this list formally belongs to the legendary seven. However, they are all mysterious and majestic.

The appearance of these structures is impressive. They stand out clearly against the blue sky and dark yellow sand. You notice them even from afar, before you approach them. For anyone, the giant pyramids cause awe. They seem to be something cosmic, it is hard to believe that a person had anything to do with their construction.

The main pyramid is the Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu). Each side of the base has a length of 233 m. The height of the pyramid is 147 m. The area of ​​the pyramid is more than 50 thousand square meters. Her interior spaces occupy a very small volume - no more than 4% of the total area.

Until the middle of the 19th century, the Cheops pyramid was considered the largest structure on our planet. According to Napoleon, stone blocks from the three pyramids of Giza would be enough to surround the entire wall with a height of three meters and a thickness of 30 centimeters.

All sides are almost symmetrical - such accuracy is surprising. The pyramid consists of 2,500,000 huge blocks, each of which weighs at least two tons, the heaviest block weighs 15 tons. The architect of this pyramid is also known - the Egyptian Hemuin.

Many misunderstandings arise from the layout of the inner corridors and the so-called "main royal chamber" with an empty sarcophagus of the Cheops pyramid. As you know, a narrow passage leads outward from this room at an angle - a ventilation duct, and above the chamber there are several empty unloading rooms built in order to reduce the huge stone mass. One of the mysteries, for example, is the location of the main room - it is not located along the central axis, as in all tombs, but is tilted to the side.

Pyramid of Khafre(Khephren) is almost as good as the pyramid of Cheops. It is slightly smaller - 215 m long and 143 wide, but due to the fact that it is located on steeper slopes, it seems larger. Khafre is buried in it - this is the son of Cheops.

Not far from this pyramid is the legendary Great Sphinx, which is also part of the burial complex. The size of the figure is rather big: its height is 20, and its length is 57 meters. The figure carved from a single rock depicts a lying lion with a human head.

Pyramid of Khufuso has come down to our times in good condition compared to other pyramids: it is the only one that has retained lime lining on its top.

Pyramid of Menkaure(Mycerina) is the smallest of the legendary pyramids. It is almost 10 times smaller than the pyramid of Cheops. Its height is only 66.4 meters. The pyramid was intended for the grandson of Cheops.

History of the Egyptian pyramids:

The time of the construction of the Egyptian pyramids dates back to the beginning of the Old Kingdom, which is approximately 2800 - 2250 BC. e.

Almost 5 thousand years ago (28th century BC), the founder of the III dynasty, Pharaoh Djoser, having barely ascended the throne, ordered the construction of his tomb to begin. The construction was entrusted to the architect Imhoten. The innovation that the architect applied in the construction of the tomb for Djoser was that he erected it in the form of six benches placed on top of each other. And each subsequent was less than the previous one. Imhoten created the first step pyramid. Its height was 60 m, length - 120 m, width - 109 m. Unlike the previous tombs, the pyramid of Djoser was built not from wood and brick, but from large limestone blocks. This pyramid is considered the progenitor of the great Pyramids.

The first of the great pyramids is the Pyramid of Cheops. It is absolutely impossible to imagine that it was built, according to the manuscripts that have come down to us, in just 20 years. Even today, with all modern technology, it is difficult to build such a huge structure, not to mention the fact that the pyramid was erected 4,500 years ago, when no mechanisms were even suspected. Sometimes the opinion is expressed that the people living in the Bronze Age could not build the pyramids, and that ... aliens took part in the creation of these colossal structures. But, according to the official scientific version, the construction of the pyramid is the work of ordinary people. The main builders were almost 100,000 slaves.

Millions of blocks were literally gouged out of the rocks using primitive red copper drills that dulled very quickly from such hard work. Fitting wooden boards under the future stove, they were constantly poured with water. The tree swelled and tore off the stone from the rock. Then the resulting block was carefully polished, giving it the required shape. One has only to marvel at the impeccable result, because, in fact, the work was carried out with completely primitive tools. Without any measuring instruments, as a result, they received a block that was ideal in its proportions and shape. In the vicinity of Aswan, even now there are ruins of ancient quarries, on the territory of which many ready-made blocks were found. As it turned out, this is a marriage that was not used when laying the pyramids.

The processed blocks were transported on boats to the other side of the Nile. Then they were taken along a specially laid road, the construction of which took 10 years and which, according to Herodotus, is only slightly simpler than the construction of the pyramids. The pyramid was erected on a bedrock limestone massif cleared of sand and gravel. Workers dragged them into place using ramps, pulleys and levers, and then pushed them together without any mortar. The stones of the pyramid are so tightly “fitted” that even a knife blade cannot be inserted between them. To raise the blocks, the Egyptians built a sloping mound of brick and stone with an elevation angle of about 15. When the main structure was completed, it resembled a series of steps. As the pyramid was built, the mound was lengthened. Perhaps they also used wooden sleds, on which blocks were dragged up by hundreds of slaves. In some places, traces of these wagons were found.

When the construction was basically completed, the sloping embankment was leveled, and the surface of the pyramid was covered with facing blocks.

Construction ended in 2580 BC. e. Initially, the height of the pyramid was 150 meters, but over time, due to destruction and advancing sands, it has become smaller - by 10 meters today.

There is no doubt that this pyramid was built as a tomb for the pharaoh Cheops. In ancient Egypt, it was customary to build structures for burial long before the death of the one to whom it was intended. The Egyptians believed in an afterlife and carefully prepared for it. They believed that in the event of a person's death, his body should be preserved so that the spirit could continue to live after death. They removed the internal organs, filled the body with salts and wrapped it in linen sheets. So the body turned into a mummy. Together with the pharaohs, they buried jewels that, according to the ancients, could be useful to him in another world. In addition, along with the ruler, a large number of servants were often buried, who would serve the owner even after death. The pyramids served the pharaohs, according to their religious beliefs, as a ladder by which souls ascended to heaven.

After the construction of the pyramid of Cheops, the cocking of the pyramid of Khafre began. Enormous money was invested in these constructions. The third pyramid was supposed to be no less majestic in design. But Menkaur could not afford the construction of a large pyramid. The country was devastated by the construction of the pyramids of Khufu and Khafre. Hunger has begun. The population, exhausted by overwork, grumbled. But, despite its smaller size, the pyramid of Menkaur still looks unusually beautiful.

Secrets of the Egyptian pyramids:

There are absolutely fantastic assumptions about the pyramids. For example, that these are not tombs at all, but something like observatories. Astronomer Richard Proctor claims that the descending corridor could have been used to observe the movement of some stars, while the Grand Gallery, open at the top, was used to map the sky. But still, the official version is that the pyramids were built primarily as tombs.

Since the pharaohs were buried along with various valuable things, it is certain that jewelry can be found in them. The search for treasures in the tomb of Cheops does not stop today. There is still a lot of unknown. That is why the ancient pyramids are a favorite place for treasure seekers. For a long time, the plundering of the pyramids was considered the main problem. This problem seems to have existed as far back as the Old Kingdom, as tombs were designed like labyrinths, with secret rooms and doors, decoys and traps.

According to the official version, the first time they penetrated the pyramid in 820 AD: Arab caliph Abdullah Al Manum decided to find the treasures of Khufu. Immediately treasure seekers were faced with the fact that it was completely impossible to find the entrance to the tomb. After a long search, we decided to dig under the pyramid. They soon found themselves in a passage that led down. These digs continued for several months. People were simply in despair - as soon as they entered a corridor, it immediately ended in a blank wall.

The first room they managed to find was what is now known as the "king's room". From it they were able to find a way out into the space at the junction of two corridors and come to the "large gallery", which, in turn, led to the "king's room" - about 11 meters long and 5 wide. Only an empty sarcophagus without a lid was found here. There was nothing else in the room.

Several years of work yielded nothing - no treasure was found. It is most likely that the tomb was looted long before the arrival of Abdullah Al Manum, but the workers said that this was simply impossible, since all the slabs inside the pyramid were intact, and it was impossible to pass through them. True, in 1638, John Graves discovered a narrow passage in Big Gallery which was littered with rubble. It is possible that through this move all the treasures were taken out. But many scientists doubt this, since the passage is very small and a thin person can hardly fit into it.

What happened to Khufu's mummy and his treasure2 No one knows. Diverse investigations have not found any other rooms or passages. However, many people still believe that the main rooms and the treasures hidden there have not yet been found.

Report on the topic: " Egyptian pyramids» will help you prepare for the lesson and learn interesting information.

Message "Egyptian pyramids"

Pyramids - known to everyone architectural monuments Ancient Egypt. The pyramids of Cheops and Giza are one of the seven wonders of the world. Pyramids are huge pyramid-shaped stone structures used as tombs for pharaohs. The word "pyramid" - Greek, means a polyhedron. In total, more than 118 pyramids of various shapes and heights were discovered in Egypt.

Ancient Egyptian architecture even today it amazes with the power of its huge stone structures. At the entrance to these structures, there are huge statues of pharaohs, sphinxes made of stone lie. Sphinx - in Ancient Egypt- the embodiment of royal power, a statue depicting a fantastic creature with the body of a lion and the head of a person or a sacred animal.

The Great Pyramid of Cheops is the face of the Egyptian pyramids and the largest building of antiquity. The construction of the pyramid took two whole decades and was completed in 2560 BC. With a height of 146.5 meters, it was the largest building in the world for over 4 millennia. The weight of the pyramid is more than 6 million tons. The area of ​​this giant is about 5 hectares. The pyramid of Cheops consists of 2.3 million stone blocks.

The second most important is the pyramid of Khafre, the son of Cheops. It was built on a 10-meter plateau, because it seems to be higher than the pyramid of Cheops, but it is not. Its height is 136.4 meters. Not far from the Pyramid of Khafre is Great Sphinx- a monument carved into the rock. The facial features of the Sphinx repeat the face of Pharaoh Khafre.

The tombs of the Egyptian pharaohs are not inside the pyramids, as many mistakenly believe, but not far from them, in the Valley of the Kings. According to one theory, the Egyptians mastered the mathematical “principle of leverage” to build the majestic pyramids. But, at the same time, it would have been possible to build the pyramid of Cheops in this way in a century and a half. Whereas it appeared in just two decades. Egyptian pyramids were built for about two centuries in a row. While one was being built, another was already springing up on the sands.

You can write a post about the pyramids yourself using this information to get a good grade.

The first wonder of the world of all time, one of the main structures of our planet, a place full of secrets and mysteries, a point of constant pilgrimage for tourists - the Egyptian pyramids and in particular the pyramid of Cheops.

The construction of giant pyramids, of course, was far from an easy task. Huge efforts of a large number of people were made to deliver stone blocks to the Giza or Saqqara plateau, and later to the Valley of the Kings, which became the new necropolis of the pharaohs.

At the moment, there are about a hundred found pyramids in Egypt, but the finds continue, and their number is constantly increasing. At different times, different pyramids were understood as one of the 7 wonders of the world. Someone meant all the pyramids of Egypt as a whole, someone pyramids near Memphis, someone three large pyramids of Giza, and the critics recognized only the largest pyramid of Cheops.

The afterlife of ancient Egypt

One of the central moments in the life of the ancient Egyptians was religion, which formed the whole culture as a whole. Special attention was given to the afterlife, perceived as a clear continuation of earthly life. That is why the preparation for life after death began long before it, it was set as one of the main life tasks.

According to the ancient Egyptian belief, a person had several souls. The soul of Ka acted as a double of the Egyptian, whom he was to meet in afterlife. The soul of Ba contacted the person himself, and left his body after death.

The religious life of the Egyptians and the god Anubis

At first, it was believed that only the pharaoh had the right to life after death, but he could bestow this "immortality" on his entourage, who were usually buried next to the tomb of the lord. Ordinary people were not destined to get into the world of the dead, the only exception was slaves and servants, whom the pharaoh “took” with him, and who were depicted on the walls of the great tomb.

But for a comfortable life after the death of the deceased, it was necessary to provide everything necessary: ​​food, household utensils, servants, slaves, and much more needed for the average pharaoh. They also tried to preserve the body of a person so that the soul of Ba could later unite with him again. Therefore, in matters of body preservation, embalming and the creation of complex pyramid tombs were born.

The first pyramid in Egypt. Pyramid of Djoser

Speaking about the construction of the pyramids in Ancient Egypt in general, it is worth mentioning the beginning of their history. The very first pyramid in Egypt was built about five thousand years ago at the initiative of Pharaoh Djoser. It is in these 5 millennia that the age of the pyramids in Egypt is estimated. The erection of the pyramid of Djoser was led by the famous and legendary Imhotep, who was even deified in later centuries.

Pyramid of Djoser

The entire complex of the building under construction occupied an area of ​​545 by 278 meters. Along the perimeter, it was surrounded by a 10-meter wall with 14 gates, only one of which was real. In the center of the complex was the pyramid of Djoser with sides 118 by 140 meters. The height of the pyramid of Djoser is 60 meters. Almost at a depth of 30 meters there was a burial chamber, to which corridors with many branches led. Utensils and sacrifices were kept in the branch rooms. Here, archaeologists found three bas-reliefs of Pharaoh Djoser himself. Near the eastern wall of the Djoser pyramid, 11 small burial chambers intended for the royal family were discovered.

Unlike famous great pyramids Giza, the pyramid of Djoser had a stepped shape, as if intended for the ascension of the pharaoh to heaven. Of course, this pyramid is inferior in popularity and size to the pyramid of Cheops, but still the contribution of the very first stone pyramid to the culture of Egypt is difficult to overestimate.

The Pyramid of Cheops. History and brief description

But still, the most famous for the ordinary population of our planet are the three pyramids of Egypt located nearby - Khafre, Mekerin and the largest and highest pyramid in Egypt - Cheops (Khufu)

Pyramids of Giza

The Pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops was built near the city of Giza, currently a suburb of Cairo. When the pyramid of Cheops was built, it is currently impossible to say for sure, and research gives a strong scatter. In Egypt, for example, the date of the beginning of the construction of this pyramid is officially celebrated - August 23, 2480 BC.

Pyramid of Cheops and Sphinx

About 100,000 people were simultaneously involved in the construction of the wonder of the world pyramid of Cheops. During the first ten years of work, a road was built, along which huge stone blocks were delivered to the river and underground structures of the pyramid. Work on the construction of the monument itself continued for about 20 years.

The size of the pyramid of Cheops at Giza is amazing. The height of the pyramid of Cheops initially reached 147 meters. Over time, due to falling asleep with sand and the loss of lining, it decreased to 137 meters. But even this figure allowed her to remain the tallest human structure in the world for a long time. The pyramid has a square base with a side of 147 meters. The construction of this giant is estimated to have required 2,300,000 limestone blocks weighing an average of 2.5 tons.

How were the pyramids built in Egypt?

The technology of building the pyramids is controversial in our time. Versions vary from the invention of concrete in ancient Egypt to the construction of pyramids by aliens. But still it is believed that the pyramids were built by man solely by his strength. So for the extraction of stone blocks, first a shape was outlined in the rock, grooves were hollowed out and a dry tree was inserted into them. Later, the tree was doused with water, it expanded, a crack formed in the rock, and the block was separated. Then it was processed to the desired shape with tools and sent along the river to the construction site.

I want to summarize all the information about the most famous Egyptian pyramids, collected on LifeGlobe, into a single collection. Naturally, here I will describe only the largest pyramids, with links to a separate article about each of them. In detailed topics you will find both their coordinates and more detailed description. In total, there are 118 pyramids in Egypt of various shapes, sizes and heights, but we will start, of course, with the three Great Egyptian pyramids in Giza. It is these structures on the Giza plateau that are included in the list of the seven ancient wonders of the world, although, in addition to Giza, there are many pyramids in other parts of Egypt.

The first number in our review will be the Great Pyramid of Cheops, which is known anywhere in the world. It is she who is the face of the Egyptian pyramids and the largest building of antiquity, giving rise to many secrets and legends around her. The construction of the pyramid took two whole decades and was completed in 2560 BC.

With a height of 146.5 meters, it was the largest building in the world for over 4 millennia. I have been collecting material about the Great Pyramid for a long time in a separate article, at the link above you can learn more about it.

The second most important is the pyramid of Khafre, the son of Cheops. It was built on a 10-meter plateau, because it seems to be higher than the pyramid of Cheops, but it is not. Its height is 136.4 meters, while that of Cheops is 146.5 meters.


Not far from the pyramid of Khafre is the Great Sphinx - a monument carved into the rock. The facial features of the Sphinx repeat the face of Pharaoh Khafre.

The third great pyramid is the Pyramid of Menkaure. It is the smallest of them, and built the latest. In height, it is only 66 meters, and the length of the base is 108.4 meters.

Despite its small size, it is considered to be the most beautiful of the three pyramids. In addition, the pyramid of Menkaure marked the end of the era of the great pyramids. All subsequent buildings were small in size.

The Egyptian pyramids do not end there, we move from Giza to other parts of Egypt. One of the largest in Egypt is the step pyramid of Djoser. It is located in the village of Sakkara, and was built for Pharaoh Djoser by Imhotep himself. It occupies an area of ​​125 by 115 meters, and its height is 62 meters. This is the first pyramid in Egypt, and also very well preserved.

The most unusual in form can be safely called the pyramid in Medum. It is located 100 kilometers south of the capital of Egypt, it was built for Pharaoh Huni, but his son Sneferu completed it. It originally had 8 steps, but in our time only the last 3 are visible. After construction, its height was 118 meters, and the area was 146 by 146 meters.

The Pink Pyramid is unusual in that it has a pink hue due to the special stone used for its construction. This is the third highest pyramid after Cheops and Khafre, 104.4 meters high. Researchers believe that this pyramid was also built by Pharaoh Sneferu, already known to us.

Not far from the Pink one is the Bent Pyramid, built in the 26th century. BC e. She got her name because of the irregular shape. See for yourself, it was built in 3 stages, at each of which it was given different angles of inclination:

I have described the largest and most famous Egyptian pyramids, now let's move on to smaller specimens. A later building is the pyramid of Userkaf at Saqqara, not far from the pyramid of Djoser. It has been preserved very poorly, therefore only the initial data can be given: its height is 49.4 meters, the length at the base is 73.30 meters.

Not far from Saqqara, in Abusir, is the pyramid of the pharaoh of the 5th dynasty Sahure. In the likeness of this pyramid, all subsequent complexes of the pharaohs of this dynasty were built. Unfortunately, this pyramid has survived to this day in a rather poor condition.

Let's finish our review of the most outstanding Egyptian pyramids with the pyramid of Unas in Saqqara. It is notable for the fact that the very first "Pyramid Texts" were discovered here - ancient hieroglyphs on the walls of the burial chamber. Many scholars are still deciphering these texts.

The ancient Egyptian pyramids at all times attracted people with their gigantic size and unique appearance, but especially with the secrets hidden in them.

Built as tombs for the rulers - the pharaohs of the ancient kingdoms, in the period from 2800 to 2250. BC, they are one of the most voluminous and technically advanced structures at that time built by man. Nowadays, the pyramids are the most popular sightseeing objects in Egypt.

Pyramids are pyramidal stone structures that have survived to this day almost in their original form, despite the considerable age of these giants, the destructive power of nature and the vandalism of some local residents. The largest pyramid is considered to be the tomb of the ruler of Cheops, built in Giza and included in the Seven Wonders of the World.

All questions relating to the technology of building pyramids, their internal content and decoration, the origin and skill of the builders all the time haunt scientific researchers around the world. Studying the interior of the pyramids, the preserved things of the rulers and their entourage, scientists are constantly making amazing discoveries and discoveries that shed light on the life of ancient people, their way of thinking, religion and science.

Countless expeditions were organized to the area of ​​Cairo and Giza, where the most a large number of necropolises, but the final answers to all these questions have not been received.

How could ancient people, not having special equipment, extract huge blocks for construction from rocks, process them, deliver them to the construction site and raise them to the required height? Who were the ancient builders and where did they get the skills and experience to perform such work in such a short and short time? Why or why are the faces of the pyramids strictly oriented to the cardinal points? Are buildings of this magnitude the work of human hands, or did some third-party forces participate in this process? On the basis of what ideas and conjectures during construction was this particular shape of the polyhedron chosen? For what purposes and rituals were the interiors and some items of the pyramids intended?

Until now, scientists and engineers, treasure hunters and just adventure lovers pay close attention to this original and unique historical heritage ancient Egyptians. And it is not yet known how many secrets and discoveries are still hidden behind the thickness of the walls of the pyramids.

Message 2

The pyramids built in ancient Egypt are the greatest monument architecture around the world. They are recognized as part of the seven wonders of the world recognized as the Pyramids of Cheops and Giza. They are magnificent buildings, erected entirely of stone, while in the form of pyramids. In the past, they were used as burial places for pharaohs.

"Pyramid" was translated from the original language and meant "polyhedron". Some of the historians say that the prototype of the pyramids was wheat stacked in stacks. Others say that funeral cakes of a similar shape were baked in Egypt and the name came from the name of this funeral cake. For all the time, about 118 majestic structures of various sizes were built.

1. Many believe that the tombs of the pharaohs were located right inside the pyramids, but in fact they were left in a special place called the Valley of the Kings.
2. One of the historical theories says that each of the majestic pyramids was built using the principle of leverage, which they discovered, and then successfully used it in practice. At the same time, the Egyptians managed to build the pyramid of Cheops in two decades, although according to calculations, the construction time should have taken about a century and a half.
3. All stones are arranged in such a way that even a human hair cannot pass between them. This fact amazes historians and architects who cannot restore this accuracy even with the help of modern technology.
4. Each of the sides of the pyramids is located clearly according to the location of the cardinal points. Each face of the pyramid is curved exactly one meter, this allows the sun to focus on each face.
5. The pyramid walls depict how the Egyptians built the pyramids, all points step by step.
6. The height of the largest pyramid is 146.6 meters and the calculated weight is 6 million tons. And covers an area of ​​about 5 hectares of land.

The construction of the Egyptian pyramids is still a mystery, modern architects and scientists cannot understand how ancient people, without the use of advanced technologies, were able to build such masterpieces of architecture that can survive millennia and retain their original appearance.

Report on the Pyramids of Ancient Egypt

In our world, there are many secrets and mysteries associated with nature. One of these great mysteries is the pyramids. Namely, the pyramids of ancient Egypt.

About 100 pyramids have survived to our time. One of the pyramids is included in the wonders of the world - the pyramid of Cheops.

Tourists love to visit these great structures. As we all know, the pharaohs built the pyramids in order to bury various rulers there, along with their belongings and jewelry.

Pyramids were built from stone blocks, which people, in our time, drag off to build their houses. These blocks were made from pieces of rock. Even a blade could not fit between them, so they tried to make them perfect.

Inside, all the pyramids were similar, since they had one goal. There was definitely a hall where the sarcophagus stood, the entrance was high from the ground, the corridors leading to the burial could be very cramped and narrow.

There are many questions about why there was such a shape, why the corners look at the cardinal points, how people could raise these blocks so high and in general, how they were built, these pyramids. And most importantly, what kind of people built such huge heavy structures?

Someone thinks about the work of slaves, someone about the military forces. Some attribute the help of the Gods or aliens. In any case, many believe that the time and effort that was spent on their construction is not worth the fact that the pyramids are inherently meaningless, or there is a meaning, but we do not understand it. And yet - this is the only wonder of the world, which still survived to our time.

Many talk about the mysticism of these places. In many pyramids, all kinds of excavations took place, and after that these people died. A few years later, those people who opened the pyramid died, unfortunately, this is a fact. Many researchers say that those who were buried there are not there at all. Many mummies of the pharaohs were simply not found. If we talk about marauders, then why did all the jewelry remain. This is a riddle difficult for our humanity.

Scientists say that usually it should take at least 100 years to make a pyramid, but in some mysterious way the pyramid was built in about 25 years.

The most interesting thing is that burials were usually built long before the death of these same pharaohs. That is how it was accepted. Of course, until now, the tombs are often robbed by the so-called treasure lovers, so even then it was foreseen by making various traps.

Not far from these pyramids is a statue of a sphinx, as if guarding the entrance to the pyramids. There used to be a legend that as soon as this sphinx is covered with sand, the one who digs it out becomes the pharaoh. Of course, the scientists did not find this confirmation.

This is a very interesting and mysterious topic that can be revealed even after many years.

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