MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FGBOU HPE "SAKHALIN STATE UNIVERSITY"

INSTITUTE OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOSPHERE SAFETY

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

FINAL QUALIFICATION WORK

"NATURE OF THE KRILION PENINSULA AND ITS TOURIST POSSIBILITIES"

Student IV course, 421 groups,

Direction: Geography Koshelev Viktor Eduardovich

Supervisor,

doctor of geology, professor

Department of Geography P.F. Brovko

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

2015

No. p.p.	Name of sections, subsections	Page
	Introduction
	Physical and geographical characteristics of the Crillon Peninsula
	1.1 Geographical position
	1.3 Climate
	1.6 Animal world
	Objects of tourist activity on the Crillon Peninsula
	2.1 Monuments of nature
	2.2 Historic sites
	Development of the motor-boat route "Cape Crillon"
	3.1 Description of the area
	3.2 Description of the route
	Conclusion
	Applications

Introduction

The relevance of the work lies in the fact that the territory of the peninsula has significant tourism potential. A large number of tourists come to the Crillon Peninsula. They are attracted by the unique nature of the peninsula, its historical and natural sites and unforgettable atmosphere. . Since in given time tourism on Sakhalin is trying to develop - the topic is relevant.

An object: Crillon Peninsula.

Thing: Nature of the Crillon Peninsula.

Objective:

Consider and identify the tourist opportunities of the Crillon Peninsula. Assess the natural conditions and resources of the peninsula for the development of tourism;

To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved:

1) studied, according to the literature data, the features of the physical and geographical conditions of the Crillon Peninsula;

2) examined the monuments;

3) developed a route.

The work consists of an introduction, the main part, which includes three chapters, a conclusion, a list of sources used, applications.

1 Physical and geographical characteristics of the study area (Crillon Peninsula)

1. Geographical position

In the western part of Sakhalin Island is the Crillon Peninsula (Fig. 1). This island is quite large. It is 90 km long and 20 to 40 km wide. From the southernmost point of the peninsula, only 47 km. to Japan, namely to the island of Hokkaido. The territory is characterized by a low-mountain relief with absolute heights up to 500 m. The main orographic unit is the South Kamyshovy Ridge. The dissection of the relief is 200-500 m. The slopes of the spurs of the South Kamyshovy Ridge are flat or concave, with a steepness of 10-45 degrees, crossed in 1-2 km by river and stream valleys.

Rice. 1 - Map-scheme of the Crillon Peninsula.

1.2 Geological structure and relief

The Upper Cretaceous deposits form an irregularly shaped outcrop area up to 25 km wide and up to 70 km long. In this area, which is the southernmost within the main Cretaceous field of Sakhalin, mainly the Krasnoyarkovskaya Formation is exposed to the surface, and older deposits are also exposed in the cores of several gently sloping anticlines.– the tops of the Bykovo Formation. The section of these formations is well exposed along the Ulyanovka River and its tributaries, as well as along the Kura and Moguchi rivers, and partly along the Uryum. A good cut is also observed along Pink salmon.

The Bykovskaya suite, or rather its upper part, is well exposed in coastal outcrops along the river. Ulyanovsk and its tributaries– R. Branchy. A stratum of siltstones and mudstones is widespread here. The thickness of the exposed part of the suite is about 300 m. The Krasnoyarkovskaya suite along the river. Pink salmon begins with a member of conglomerates, according to the overlying Bykovo Formation. Above, there are siltstones with sandstone layers about 315 m thick.

Stratigraphically, the higher part of the Krasnoyarkovo Formation is composed of sandstones with interlayers of conglomerates up to 400 m thick. Neogene deposits. The Kholmskaya Formation is represented by a sequence of tuffite and tuffaceous siltstone mudstones and siltstones containing interlayers of greenish-gray and gray tuffaceous sandstones, tuffs and tuffites, rarely small-pebble conglomerates with tuffaceous-argillaceous-sandy cement. The thickness of the suite is up to 800-1100 m. The Nevelsk suite is composed of greenish-gray and bluish-gray alternating fine- and medium-grained tuffaceous siltstones and mudstones, which differ from the rocks of the Kholmsk suite by a lighter color and better sorting of the material. Ausinskaya suite. It is represented in the lower part (80-115 m) by bluish-gray fine-grained siltstones, polymictic sandstones, sometimes turning into siltstones along strike. The formation contains concretions (0.1- 0.2 m) calcareous sandstones.

The upper part of the suite is composed of polymictic siltstones, gradually replaced upwards by siltstones with argillite-like clays of light, gray and yellowish gray color, with numerous concretions (0.2-0.4 m). The total thickness of the suite is 110-400 m. The Liman suite in the lower part is represented by pifite and agglomerate tuffs with rare layers of tuffaceous sandstones and gravenites. In its upper part, pelitic tuffs, agglomerates, andesite covers occur. The thickness of the suite is about 250 m. Intrusive formations are represented by subvolcanic bodies of the Miocene– late Pliocene andesites– basalts. The products of the first stage of this complex include andesites and andesites.– basalts, rarely dolerites and andesites– dacites. Near-surface intrusions of basalts, andesite-basalts, and dolerites dominated in the Middle Miocene. The depth of solidification of them, obviously, did not exceed 0.5 km. Intrusive formations are presented directly at Cape Crillon, in the middle reaches of the river. Mighty and the upper reaches of the river. Pink salmon.

Neogene volcanogenic formations. The southernmost point of manifestation of Neogene volcanism on the territory of Sakhalin should be considered the southern tip of the Crillon Peninsula, which have Late Miocene– early Pliocene age.

Most of the volcanic formations are up to 300 m thick and are represented by hyaloclastites, tuffs, tuffites, volcanomictic breccias, conglomerates, gravelstones, and sandstones. Effusive formations are most fully represented along the eastern coast of the Crillon Peninsula, pyroclastic and volcanomictic formations at the southernmost tip of the Peninsula and in the area of ​​Cape Kuznetsova. The latter is also characterized by the widespread development of subvolcanic formations. Among the Miocene– Pliocene volcanogenic formations are most widespread andesites from basic, close to andesite-basalts, to very acidic, such as andesite-dacites.

Rice. 2 - Relief of the Crillon Peninsula.

1.3 Climate

The climate of the region is monsoonal with features of the continental, due to the proximity of the mainland. Winter with frequent snowstorms and snowstorms lasts from November to early April. Spring (April-May) is cold with changeable windy weather. Intensive snow melting occurs in May, characterized by alternating periods of warm clear and cloudy cool weather with drizzling rain and fog. Autumn in the first half of September is warm and dry, from mid-September to November it is cold and windy. The average annual air temperature is 0.3°C. The warmest month is August with an average temperature of +16.6°C. The coldest is January - 18.5 °С. Frost-free period continues 101- 164 days.

Rainfall averages 647 mm per year. The maximum amount of precipitation falls from July to October (317 mm). In summer, southerly winds prevail, in winter - northern ones. Sea water has a temperature of 15-16 ° C in August, in winter the northern part of the Tatar Strait is covered with ice. A branch of the warm Tsushima current runs along the coast from north to south, with a speed of 5-10 cm/sec. The tides are semi-diurnal, up to 2.3 m high, with a shift of 40-45 minutes.

1.4 Hydrology of land and coastal waters

River network density 1.5- 2.0 km / km 2 . The largest rivers are on the east coast– Ulyanovka, Uryum, Naicha, Kura, Tambovka. Moguchi has a width of up to 56 m in the mouth part, a depth of 0.5-2 m, a flow velocity of 0.2-0.8 m/s. The bottom soil is hard, rocky. The banks of the rivers are steep, reaching a height of 2530 m. The floodplains of the rivers have a width of up to 1- 1.5 km. Rivers west coast(the largest– Obutonai, Pink salmon) have a width of 3-4 m, depth 0.3-1 m, fordable even in the estuarine part. Floods are not uncommon during the summer and autumn seasons. The maximum is reached in August, September as a result of monsoon rains. The climate of the region is monsoonal, influenced by a branch of the warm Tsushima Current. The warmest within the island is a snowy winter, the warmest summer. The number of days without sun per year up to 80, maximum in June - 14 days, minimum in March- April, October - 3-5 days per month. prevailing winds– western, eastern, northeastern. Air temperature: January– 8-10 °С; August +16 +18 °С.

The number of days in a year with fogs is 20-30. The height of the snow cover is 40-50 cm, it sets in late November, early December, and collapses by the end of April. Precipitation per year is 1000-1200 mm, of which 600-800 mm fall on the warm period, the maximum amount of precipitation falls in August and September.

The coast is shallow. Along the coast there are surface, underwater and drying stones. Near Cape Anastasia, there are remnant rocks up to 25 m high. The tides are irregular daily, in the Aniva Bay up to 1.6 m, in the Tatar Strait up to 0.5 m.

Rice. 3 - Ulyanovka River.

1.5 Land cover

The soils of the western coast are represented by brown-taiga humus soddy soils. In the center of the northern part, there are mountain forest acidic impregnated with many humus podzolized soils. The rest of the territory is mountainous, forest, brown, acidic non-podzolized and slightly podzolized. The coast of the northern and central parts is characterized by sea terraces 5-60 m high, sandy beaches 2-20 m wide. Rocky cliffs 20-40 m high appear in the southern part of the peninsula, the beach is interrupted at Cape Konabeevka to Cape Crillon, with the exception of the section R. Atlasovka– R. Irsha, stretches a strip of boulders and boulders that ended up on the shore as a result of shore deformation.

Of the vegetation, stone-birch-bamboo forests, light forests and bamboo thickets in place of dark coniferous forests with the participation of broad-leaved species are mainly distributed. In the central part, in the ridge areas, there are still spruce-fir forests with the participation of broad-leaved species. Along the river valleys– floodplain vegetation, tall grass.

Rice. 4- Spruce-fir forests.

endemic species:stonecrop multistem ( Sedum pluricaule Kudo ), Smolevka Sakhalinskaya (Silene sachalinensis Fr. Schidt), common in the area of ​​the Kuznetsova metro station.

1.6 Animal world

Amphibians: common toad(Bufo bufo), common frog(Rana temporaria). Reptiles: viviparous lizard(Zootoca vivipara). Birds: rubythroat(Luscinia calliope), Okhotsk cricket(Locustella ochotensis), red-eared bunting(Emberiza cioides), collared bunting(Emberiza fucata), Chinese greenfinch(Carduelis sinica), large snail (Tringa nebularia), herring gull(Larus argentatus), Common Gull (Larus canus), slaty gull(Larus schistisagus) .

Rice. 5 - Nightingale rubythroat(Luscinia calliope).

Mammals: clawed shrew(Sorex unguiculatus), hare (Lepus timidus), gray rat (Rattus norvegicus), raccoon dog(Nyctereutes procyonoides), brown bear (Ursus Arktos).

Rice. 6 - Brown bear(Ursus Arktos).

1.7 Historical and geographical outline

For a long time, the territory of the peninsula was an isthmus between Sakhalin and Hokkaido, i.e. was part of the vast Sakhalin-Hokkaido Peninsula. As a result of repeated warming, cooling and climate changes caused by the Ice Age, it changed its shape more than once until it finally separated from Hokkaido 12 thousand years ago. It was at this time that the “obsidian paths” broke off - the paths along which the migration of the most ancient hunters for obsidian was carried out: raw material for the manufacture of tools for labor and hunting.

The oldest site on the peninsula is a 5,000-year-old site at Cape Kuznetsova. This site belongs to the South Sakhalin culture. The inhabitants of this culture built dugouts of a quadrangular shape, used for the manufacture of tools and hunting local types of stone - jasperoid, siliceous rocks, as evidenced by the finds at these sites. As a rule, they are confined to high terraces, because sea ​​level at that time was quite high.

Gradually, the economy of the ancient tribes was formed. Along with gathering and hunting, the tribes that lived along the coastline were also engaged in sea gathering and hunting for sea animals. Naturally, fishing traditions also developed. The culture of hunters, fishermen and sea hunters was finally formed by the middle of the 1st millennium BC. and reached its peak by the 5th century. AD During this period, camps are located along the banks and estuaries of the peninsula. Residents widely used the protective properties of the area, an example is the natural fortress on Cape Windis. Being on the periphery, however, the inhabitants of Sakhalin felt the influence of the most powerful neighbors who by that time had a state system: such states as Bohai, the Golden Empire, the Yuan and Ming Empire, expanding their borders to the east, naturally ran into the island. The most noticeable for the inhabitants of Sakhalin was the invasion of the Manchu detachments in 1286 and 1368. It was at this time that numerous settlements were built on Sakhalin, which are called "chas".

Watch - monuments of historical times, these are earthen structures intended for defense and habitation. Otherwise, we can say that this is a fort or fortification. The chacha distribution area covers the territory of Japan and Karafuto. The question of who used the chas is debatable, but in general the prevailing opinion is that they were the Ainu. On the Crillon peninsula are the parts of Siranusi (west coast) and Tisia (east coast). Chasi in Siranushi is located about 2.5 km northwest of Cape Crillon along the western coast, on the bank of an unnamed stream that flows into the Sea of ​​Japan 100 m west of the settlement. From the northwestern and northeastern winds prevailing in winter, the settlement is covered by Cape Skala in the west and by the spurs of Mount Konechnaya in the east. The fortress occupies a very favorable military-geographical position - it is located in the center of the sea communication hub. Cape Soya, the islands of Moneron and Rebun lie within the line of sight. These circumstances, in the conditions of coastal navigation that existed in antiquity, made the Siranusi region a convenient observation, trading and defensive point. At Cape Crillon, one of the 8 most important roads of Japan was closed, connecting the island of Kyushu with Primorye. The name Siranusi from the Ainu language is translated as "a place where there are many rocks", "a place subject to the action of ebbs and flows."

This fortress has been known since the days of the shogunate - the military-feudal government of Japan in 1192-1867. But it is still unknown who, when and for what purpose built it. According to the oral tradition of the natives, Shiranu-shi was built by Prince Yoshitsune, who was directly involved in the construction. According to other sources, the Ainu say that the fortress was built during the invasion of "Rebungur", in Ainu - "rebun" - the sea, and "gur" is a group of people who arrived from across the sea from the west. The Chinese belonged to the gur. This led to the emergence of 2 different hypotheses, but each of them indicates at least that the construction of the chacha was not carried out by the Ainu. The Japanese archaeologist Ito Nobuo believes that of all the fortifications that have survived on Karafuto, only Shiranushi is surrounded by a square rampart, with a gate in the center of each side, which is a Chinese-style earthen fortification. At present, nowhere else can you see fortifications with a similar design, except for Siranusi. Probably, the ancient settlement was originally fortified with ramparts on four sides, but over time, due to natural and anthropogenic factors, it lost 2 ramparts. At present, the settlement has numerous traces of economic activity of the last decades: during the construction of a helipad and the laying of roads, the north-eastern rampart of the fortress was destroyed, this happened in the 1940s and 50s. The fortress-fortress is a unique historical monument. Goods from China transited through these points to Japan. They were also centers of trade among the local population.

During the 15th-17th centuries, the Japanese, after the unification of the country under the rule of the emperor from the Tokugawa dynasty, began to actively move north, displacing the Hokkaido Ainu to the south of Sakhalin. This caused enmity with the Sakhalin clans of the Ainu, Nivkh, Orok. The first Japanese expedition visited Sakhalin in 1635. It was sent by the head of the Matsumae clan, which had spread its influence over the entire island of Hokkaido, with the aim of exploring the lands to the north of his possessions. The expedition reached Cape Notoro (Krillon) and was soon forced to return. The following year, a vassal of the Matsumae clan, Komichi Sezaemen, was sent there. He spent more than a year on the island and in 1637, following along the southeastern coast of Sakhalin, he reached Patience Bay.

Since the 1730s, the Japanese government began to pursue a policy of self-isolation in order to strengthen the shogun-ta. According to the decrees of 1633-1639. first limited, and then categorically prohibited the departure of Japanese subjects

outside the country. The construction of large ships suitable for long-distance navigation was prohibited, and, finally, all Japanese ports were closed to foreign ships. At first, such decrees were carried out unquestioningly, but the policy of self-isolation did not stop the vigorous activity of the Matsumae clan in the north. In 1650, 1689, 1700 new expeditions were sent from Hokkaido to Sakhalin. And since 1679, seasonal settlements of Japanese fishermen appeared in the extreme south of the island. And this was not considered as a violation of the prohibitions, because. the Japanese government considered all the Ainu lands as their own.

In the 90s of the eighteenth century. Japanese trading posts appear on Sakhalin. The largest trading center was the village of Siranusi. Ainu, Nivkhs (Amur and Sakhalin), Manchu and Chinese merchants came here to conclude trade deals with the Japanese. At the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. Japanese government officials and guard posts appear on extreme Sakhalin.

At the end of the XVIII century. European researchers are showing interest in Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. The expedition of the Dutchman M.G. Frieza, the Crillon peninsula was mistaken for the continuation of Hokkaido, the reason for this error was fog, which is frequent for this time of year. The mistake existed for almost 100 years, until in 1787 the French navigator J.F. La Perouse during his expedition did not discover the strait, named after himself, and did not describe the western coast of Sakhalin.

Having stumbled aground in the north and considering the island a peninsula, he went down to the south and stood at the anchorage near Cape Maidel. During the stay, he took on board the inhabitants of the Crillon Peninsula, replenished fresh water supplies and sent a small group of researchers ashore, who climbed onto the city of Crillon and examined the surroundings. In the south of Sakhalin, French names appeared that have survived to this day: Moneron, Crillon, De Langle.

Moving from south to north and from north to south, expanding the borders of their states, Japan and Russia clashed finally and irrevocably at the beginning of the 19th century. The construction of military posts and temporary fishing settlements by the Japanese gave rise to a natural enmity, in which the locals were a third party between a rock and a hard place. Crillon, due to its geographical proximity, was under the influence of Japan for a long time, until the entire territory of Sakhalin finally became part of Russia. This was achieved through difficult negotiations, which resulted in the signing of the Treaty of St. Petersburg on April 25, 1875. Under the agreement, Japan ceded the rights to Sakhalin in exchange for the Kuril Islands belonging to Russia (to the north of Urup to Shumshu inclusive). A few months later, an additional article was signed in Tokyo, providing for the right of the inhabitants of the exchanged territories to remain permanently in the areas they occupied, while maintaining complete freedom to engage in crafts without any tax. These benefits did not apply to the indigenous population.

Despite the signed agreement, the Japanese continued to fish in the immediate vicinity of the coast, to pester for repair work. In addition to a few settlements in the north of the Crillon peninsula, both along the western and east coast, it was uninhabited during the cold season. With warming, fishing by Japanese poachers resumed. And so it went on until Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 Cape Crillon was a very dangerous place for ships carrying various cargoes to the Korsakov post. In particular, on May 17, 1887, the steamer of the Volunteer Fleet "Kostroma" wrecked near the Siranusi metro station, following from the Korsakov post to Due. The vessel, due to inaccuracies in sea charts, ran into rocks and sank on May 23. In this regard, in 1888, a topographical party was sent to Crillon under the leadership of S.A. Varyagin with 22 people. The geodetic coordinates of Capes Sony (Kuznetsova), Tisia (Anastasia) and Crillon were determined, the coastline was clarified, and the depths in the La Perouse Strait were measured. In memory of the death of the Kostroma, a small chapel was built on the shore from the wreckage of the steamer with the face of Nikolai Ugodnik and the inscription "Kostroma 1887".

Naturally, it became necessary to build a lighthouse on Crillon for the safety of ship traffic. The astronomical point at Cape Crillon was determined as early as 1867 by Lieutenant Staritsky, and in 1883 the construction of the lighthouse began. The work was carried out for 35 days by thirty convicts. During this time, a wooden tower 8.5 m high was built, a house for the caretaker, a garden, and all this was surrounded by a fence. In addition, a powder magazine was built and a road was laid to the shore. The builder of the lighthouse was Captain Kazarinov V.Z. The lighthouse was equipped with a lighting apparatus with 15 argon lamps and a reflector, in addition, a 20-pound bell and a two-pound cannon were supplied. The light of the beacon was visible at a distance of 15 miles. On June 30, 1883, the lighthouse was consecrated by the Bishop of the Korsakov Post.

Martimian, specially arrived from Blagoveshchensk. In 1885, exiles, specially brought to the cape, built a 12-meter tower in order to install it on the Danger Stone. The steamer "Tunguz", which arrived to assist in the installation of this tower, did not cope with the work, so the tower was dismantled and taken to the Imperial Harbor in Primorye, where it was installed at the entrance to the harbor. The most disturbing time of the end of the nineteenth century. for the inhabitants of the Crillon lighthouse was 1885, when 40 convicts escaped from the Korsakov post. Most of them reached the Crillon lighthouse along the east coast, where they plundered a food warehouse, seized boats and fled by sea to Japan. They introduced themselves as German sailors, but were exposed and sent back to Sakhalin. In fact, the Krillon lighthouse, being the only settlement in the extreme south-west of Sakhalin, was a rather attractive object for fugitive convicts. In September 1885, another group of convicts fled from the Korsakov post and killed the senior warden and his assistant near the Ventosa metro station. In memory of this villainous act, the cape was renamed into the Kanabeeva metro station.

Since ancient times, Cape Kanabeeva has gained fame as one of the most inaccessible places on the Aniva coast. The Ainu, who hunted seals and sea lions near the cape, called him Vennochi -"evil demon" Japanese fishermen from the middle of the 19th century, who settled seasonal settlements here, called it a rocky cape and stone banks near it Randomari - “a stopover”. The fugitive convicts, having reached the village of Tonnai (Okhotsk), brutally killed 11 Ainu, including a 4-year-old child and an elder. Then four convicts moved from the lake. Tunaycha to the lake. Chibisanskoye, they stole a boat and on it, having gone out into Aniva Bay, they went to the Crillon lighthouse. On October 3, 20 versts from the lighthouse, they noticed the senior warden of the Tymovsk prison, nobleman Kanabeev, who, with several exiles, was driving a herd of bulls bought from the lighthouse keeper. Declaring that they were going to surrender, the fugitives joined the warden. At the lodging for the night, one of them hacked to death Kanabeev and one exile. The murderer, who was subsequently caught, was sentenced to death by hanging. And the cape was renamed in memory of those events, but the new name did not take root right away.

On August 7, 1894, the construction of a capital building for the lighthouse at Cape Crillon began. Construction was carried out by foremen Shipulin and Yakovlev with the help of 25 Korean workers. Red brick was imported from Japan, Origone pine from America. The lighthouse was supposed to be equipped with a Barbie et Bernard lighting fixture. By August 1, 1896, all work was completed. The building was built and combined with residential premises, a new siren was installed to give signals in foggy weather, a new bell weighing 488 kg. And so it has remained to this day. Only the living quarters were turned into utility rooms, the bell was removed in 1980 and is located in the military unit in Korsakov, and instead of it on the lighthouse there is a reserve Japanese-made bell from the lighthouse on Cape Veslo, in Kunashir.

At the end of the nineteenth century. the Far Eastern borders of Russia were guarded by the ships of the Siberian flotilla, since 1897 based in Vladivostok. The ships carried out cruising service, carried out a wide variety of tasks from hydrological research to postal and passenger traffic. One of these ships was the sea gunboat "Sivuch". In the summer of 1889, the commander of the Sea Sivuch, captain of the 2nd rank Kasherininov, received an unusual task from the head of the Pacific Ocean squadron Nazimov: the boat was supposed to accompany the head of the South Ussuri mountain expedition, engineer D.L. Ivanov, who studied the geological structure of the shores of the Tatar Strait and the Sea of ​​Japan.

On August 16, the Sea Sivuch went to the La Perouse Strait along the eastern coast of the Crillon Peninsula. According to D.L. Ivanov's coast was geologically interesting, so the ship sailed 3-4 km from the coast, making frequent stops. Taking the opportunity, the sailors constantly measured the depths. However, they could not be put on the map because of the large inaccuracies in the contour of the coast on it. D.L. Ivanov carried out geological research in Kuznetsovo Bay.

On September 22, 1895 Admiral S.O. visited the Crillon lighthouse. Makarov, where a rail with divisions-fugstock was installed to measure the fluctuations of water masses in the La Perouse Strait. Even earlier, in 1893, a weather station of the 2nd category, class I, was built next to the lighthouse. At the end of 1896, a total solar eclipse was observed from the Crillon lighthouse by an expedition specially sent for this purpose led by Major General E.V. Maidel.

20th century marked the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. The team of the Crillon lighthouse was reinforced to 15 people instead of 8. The telegraph line from the Crillon lighthouse to Korsakov was built on September 30, 1904, despite the fact that the question of its construction was raised back in 1893. There was little sense from this line, because . the lighthouse keeper, along with the crew, was often intoxicated. The duties of a caretaker were practically performed by his 12-year-old daughter, who was engaged in warehouses and allowances for the team.

On April 25, Lieutenant P. Mordvinov arrived at Crillon at the head of a detachment of 40 combatants and a non-commissioned officer. This detachment repaired the telegraph line at the site of the Krillon metro station. Uryum, as well as the destruction of Japanese crafts and kungas. Acting at his own peril and risk, P. Mordvinov with a detachment destroyed the pirate base on about. Moneron. The search for the detachment by the Japanese was unsuccessful. The return of the detachment to the cape coincided with the start of hostilities on Sakhalin, the defense of the lighthouse was prepared in 2 days. However, on June 26, a Japanese landing detachment approached the lighthouse, consisting of the Suma and Chiyoda cruisers and 4 destroyers. Peter Mordvinov, seeing the numerical superiority of the Japanese, gave the order to retreat in full force, leaving the lighthouse. The caretaker and the sailor Burav remained at the lighthouse, who tried to burn the lighthouse, but the caretaker forbade him to do this, fearing to be punished by the Japanese.

The detachment of the second lieutenant, having made a 7-day transition, connected with the detachment of staff captain Dvirsky in the village. Petropalovskoe. After holding out in the forests for a month and a half, on August 17 he was completely destroyed by the Japanese in the upper reaches of the river. Naiby. Such was the end of the Crillon detachment under the command of Pyotr Mordvinov, whom the Japanese themselves respected for their exploits, considering them a worthy adversary.

Period 1905-1945 on the Crillon Peninsula was marked by the appearance of the first permanent settlements. The basic type of settlement in the peninsula was similar to the Japanese settlement system in Hokkaido. At the mouths of large rivers, as a rule, there was a large village; a road with a chain of farms went deep into the peninsula along the river valleys. The main occupation of the local population, consisting mainly of Japanese settlers, remained fishing, but logging (east coast) and coal mining (west coast) were already mixed in with it. In addition, the population was engaged in gardening. During this period, at least 50 settlements were created, most of which were farms. Large peninsula-scale settlements existed on both coasts, had post offices, schools, shops. Immediately after capture South Sakhalin the Japanese began to break through to the south along the east coast of the road to the Crillon lighthouse. The lighthouse itself was repaired, a weather station with a well-thought-out rainwater collection system was built next to it. The weather station started operating in July 1909. In 1914, a lighthouse complex was built at Cape Sony (Kuznetsova). On the east coast peninsula, apparently, at the same time, 2 towers were built in Kirillovo and on Cape Anastasia. In August 1945, the 2nd Battalion of the 25th Infantry Regiment was stationed at Cape Crillon. Soviet paratroopers, who landed to liberate the southwestern tip of Sakhalin Island, met with fierce resistance from the Japanese. Unfortunately, the names of the paratroopers are unknown, as well as their number, resting in a mass grave on the southernmost point of Sakhalin. At the end of the war, the lighthouse was repaired and put into operation. From 1945 to 1947 the population of the Crillon Peninsula was repatriated. In 1947, Japanese geographical names were replaced by Russian ones. Russian settlers populated the peninsula and settled in the same villages. Japanese farms were plundered and turned into hunting lodges, some of them burned down, others gradually collapsed.

The central settlements survived longer, but they were also closed in 1963, 1964, 1965, 1978, 1982. The longest "lasted" the largest - Atlasovo, Crossroads, Khvostovo. Previously, it was possible to get to Cape Anastasia by regular bus, but now, when the upper road to Cape Kanabeeva is abandoned, you can walk or by sea. Historians and archaeologists are attracted here by the monuments of ancient and medieval history, tourists and photographers - the beauty of the "stone garden" on the right bank of the river. Anastasia. The traditional name of the cape is Tisiya, after which the Japanese fishermen called the seasonal fishing grounds that stood at the end of the 19th century, and the village during the period of the governorship of Karafuto. The first Russian name was given by Lieutenant N.V. Rudanovsky during a trip to South Sakhalin. On January 14, 1854, Rudanovsky crossed Aniva Bay on skis from Siranusi. The products ran out, it was not possible to replenish them in Siranusi, so he called the first cape, which he had to bypass the mountains, Hungry. Under this name, he is placed on the map compiled by the lieutenant.

On Russian maps of the XIX-XX centuries. both the new and the old name of the cape are mentioned. A number of sources give the name - the rocks of Two Brothers, which gave the name to the flowing river. During the reign of the first Soviet administration, a lot of work was carried out by the civil administration apparatus to rename settlements. In one of the first options in the "Help on renaming settlements ..." p. Tisia was renamed Anastasia. In the "Notes" column, an explanation is given - "but in tune, accepted by sailors." Many fishing boats did not have their own maps, but used old Japanese ones. In 1947, the executive committee of the Aniva District Council of Workers' Deputies renamed the village. Tisia in Atlasovo "in honor of the discoverer of Sakhalin Atlasov." The village existed under this name until it was abolished in March 1978. Now the frontier post located in the valley bears this name. At present, the picture on the peninsula is the same as it was 100 years ago: a lighthouse and a weather station operate on Cape Crillon, military and border units are deployed, fishing camps are scattered along the entire eastern and western coast during the fishing season, curtailing their work by autumn. On the western coast south of Shebunino there are 2 border outposts "Crossroads" and "Extreme", engaged not so much in protecting the border as survival, on the east coast south of Kirillovo there is one on Cape Anastasia, the situation of which is the most difficult due to isolation . In 1948-51. on the peninsula there was a nature reserve "Yuzhno-Sakhalinskiy". A short conservation ended in the course of the Stalinist transformation of nature. On March 14, 1972, the stormy and sad history of the Crillon Peninsula nature reserve begins. Here is a brief retelling of the history of the documents that were found (see appendices a, b).

2 Tourism sites on the Crillon Peninsula

2.1 Monuments of nature

The territory of the Crillon Peninsula is rich in tourist natural sites. Types of tourism are mainly water and foot. Historical and unique natural objects of the peninsula are especially popular.

Cape Crillon can rightfully be called an open-air museum. Students of the professor of SakhSU A.A. Vasilevsky, three hundred meters from Cape Crillon, they discovered a camp of people who lived here seven thousand years ago. Found shards of Jurchen dishes (Jurchens are tribes that inhabited the territory of Manchuria, Central and Northeast China, North Korea and Primorsky Krai in the 10th-15th centuries. They spoke the Jurchen language of the Tungus-Manchurian group. The largest state of the Jurchens existed from 1115-1234 .), the Far Eastern empire that died from the soldiers of Genghis Khan, about three kilometers from the cape, on the terrace near the Bakery River, the remains of a fortress, known to archaeologists as the Krillon settlement, or Siranusi, were found. The construction of the lighthouse at Cape Crillon was entrusted to the head of the Hydrographic Department of the Eastern Ocean ports, Captain V.Z.Kazarinov. Construction began on May 13, 1883. The work, in which 30 convicts took part, lasted 35 days. A wooden tower 8.5 m high, a caretaker's house, a barracks, and a bathhouse were erected. The lighting apparatus with silver-plated reflectors was equipped with 15 argant lamps. To produce fog signals, a two-pound signal cannon and a 20-pound bell were installed in the lighthouse. On June 24, trial lighting of the lighthouse was carried out: in good weather, the fire was visible for 15 miles.

In the early 90s of the XIX century, there was a need to build new lighthouses and leading signs on Sakhalin. On the one hand, this was due to the appearance of new improved lighthouse systems, and on the other hand, the deplorable state of the Sakhalin lighthouses. In the Main Hydrographic Office in St. Petersburg, a "Plan for the production of lighthouse work in the Eastern Ocean" was developed, designed for 1892-1897.

A contract was signed with the French company Barbier et Benard, which proved itself so brilliantly that even England, known for its maritime priorities, purchased its lighting devices for lighthouses. They consisted of a single kerosene incandescent burner (instead of 15 oil burners on older systems) and produced a beam of light with the power of 150,000 candles instead of several hundred on the old ones. The burner light was focused in a lens up to 1.5 m in diameter, consisting of several rows of glass rings mounted in a bronze frame.

Work on the construction of new lighthouses began in 1894. On August 7, the construction of a new Krillon lighthouse began with bricks brought from Japan. Colonel-Engineer K.I. Leopold, who supervised the work, explained the decision to build a red brick lighthouse with the peculiarities of the area: if you look at the lighthouse from the sea, it merges with the sky, so it was necessary to make it stand out more.

By August 1, 1896, the installation and adjustment of the lighting apparatus was completed at the Crillon lighthouse. In a room located at the southernmost point of Cape Crillon, a new pneumatic siren with a kerosene engine manufactured by the English company Kanter, Harl and Co. was installed. It was intended to give "fog signals" lasting 5 s at intervals of 100 s. A special signal gun of the 1867 model was placed next to the siren building.

There were many remarkable events in the history of the Crillon lighthouse, one of which was a visit to the lighthouse by the famous Russian explorer and navigator Admiral S.O. Makarov.

On September 22, 1895, in the logbook of the Krillon lighthouse, the caretaker R. Shulganovich made an entry: “The cruiser Kornilov arrived at the lighthouse. Rear Admiral Makarov, who visited the lighthouse, ordered to install a footstock. On the W side, a century-old stamp is embossed. The surviving remains of the century-old stamp today are the only evidence of SO Makarov's visit to Sakhalin Island. Cape Crillon was observed by A.P. Chekhov from the steamer "Baikal" during the Sakhalin journey in 1890. On the territory of the cape, you can find the remains of the Japanese and Soviet fortified area (pillboxes, a network of underground passages designed to defend the southern borders of the island), buildings made of red Japanese brick still of royal construction, the operating military and border units are also located here, the weather station is very original building(building with rain water intake). This weather station began its work in July 1909, carrying out meteorological and marine coastal observations.

Rice. 7 - Cape Crillon.

Cape Windis (Kovrizhka) in its shape resembles a cake with walls sheerly breaking off in all directions. A narrow isthmus connects it to the shore. The name is translated from the Ainu language as "bad dwelling". The Ainu called bad, bad capes, which were dangerous to go around in a boat and had to go around along the coast. For its trapezoidal shape, the cape is also called Kovrizhka. Several archaeological sites have been found on its flat top (78 m high). ancient man. You can climb to the top of the mountain only along its eastern slope, overgrown with forbs, using a rope located there.

Rice. 8 - Cape Windis.

Cape Kuznetsov is a state zoological monument of nature of regional significance, founded in 1986. The name of the cape was in honor of the captain of the 1st rank D.I. Kuznetsov, who commanded the first detachment that sailed to the Far East in 1857 to protect the Russian borders.

The cape is located on the southwestern coast of the Crillon Peninsula. The relief of the monument is represented by a flattened plateau-like surface and steep sea shores. From 1857, detachments of ships from the Pacific Ocean were sent to the Far East to protect the outskirts of Russia. The first detachment was commanded by Captain D.I. Kuznetsov, after whom the cape was named. In the south, it ends in a rock resembling a man's face in profile. In the central part of the cape, at its very tip, stands the Kuznetsov lighthouse, built by the Japanese in 1914. Previously, the cape and the bay were called Sony, which in Ainu means columnar stones or reefs and reflects the features of this place. On the cape there is a rookery of seals, as well as a large colony of sea birds - cormorants, gulls, auks.

Undersea world The cape is very beautiful and interesting, in many ways similar to the island of Moneron. The cape is of the greatest ornithological value: the main migratory routes of birds pass along the east and west coasts. Cormorants, falcons, gulls, guillemots, and hawks nest on almost treeless slopes of sea terraces. The rarest species of birds listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and Sakhalin region: Japanese crane, horned moorhen, green dove, Japanese starling, mandarin duck, middle egret, Japanese white-eye, red-footed rutting, peregrine falcon, Japanese quail, etc.

If you climb the Kuznetsov Plateau in good weather, you can see Japan: the high cone of the island-volcano Rishiri, Rebun Island, Hokkaido Island.

Rice. 9 - Cape Kuznetsov.

Waterfalls of Cape Zamirailov Golova. Cape Zamirailova Golova is long and narrow, connected to the land by an elongated sandy bridge 25-29 m high. At the lowest point of this area there are two waterfalls 25 and 28 m high (1.5 km north of the mouth of the Zamirailovka River).

Rice. 10 - Waterfall of Cape Zamirailov Golova.

Danger Stone. A rock located 14 km southeast of Cape Crillon, the southernmost point of Sakhalin Island, in the La Perouse Strait. It is a small group of bare, devoid of vegetation stones. The length is about 150 m, the width is about 50 m, the height is 7.9 m. For Europeans, it was discovered in August 1787 by the La Perouse expedition, who called the rock Dangerous (fr. La Dangereuse), since it greatly impeded the movement of ships along the La Perouse Strait, which was exacerbated by frequent fogs in the summer. To avoid a collision, sailors were posted on the ships, whose duty it was to listen to the roar of the sea lions located on the Danger Stone. In 1913, a concrete tower with an autonomous lighthouse 18 m high was erected on the rock, next to it a fog bell was installed.

Rice. 11 - Stone of Danger.

Part of the information about the monuments of this region is reflected in the reports and field studies as Sakhalin archaeologists. Many of them have been published. For example, S. M. Pervukhin made a great contribution to the study of monuments and the entire peninsula.

In this guide, this information is supplemented and summarized as much as possible. Work on the description of archeological monuments in this area and the search for new ones are due to the urgent need for protective measures caused by the rapid economic development of the coast in recent years. In addition to the traditional summer distant pastures of the Pogranichny state farm, seasonal fishing brigades have recently set up camp here on every river. The pre-estuarial sections on the Bachinskaya, Kopilka, Yuzhnaya Pochinka rivers have been completely destroyed. Settlement South Pochinka. The settlement is located 8 km southwest of Taranay village. It is located on the cape-like terrace of the right bank. South Pochinka. There are 5 pits of semi-underground square dwellings in a row, ranging in size from 5 to 10 m in diameter, up to 0.5 m deep. The territory of the settlement is overgrown with small birch forest, bamboo, grass and shrubs. Fragments of "naiji" pottery - thick-walled ceramic vessels with internal lugs, used by the Ainu of South Sakhalin in the 13th-16th centuries, were collected on the outcrops of the cultural layer. The settlement was first studied by researchers from the YUSGPI archaeological laboratory A.A. Vasilevsky and I.A. Samarin in 1992

2.2 Historic sites

fortification

2.5 km northeast of Cape Crillon, the remains of an engineering structure were found, most likely a Japanese searchlight post or artillery position. On the edge of the 20th terrace there is a lunette surrounded on three sides by a low rampart. From it, perpendicular to the edge of the terrace, there is an even trench 3 m wide. The trench 75 m long ends with a concrete shelter, of which two chambers have been preserved. The northern chamber is a hangar with a gate, in which there was a mobile searchlight installation, the southern storage or living quarters. The western part of the structure collapsed, the remains of the hangar and a utility room with a stove have been preserved.

Rice. 12 - Fortification.

Shebunino Parking Lot 1 (Minaminayoshi)

Situated along the banks of the river. Shebuninka near the mouth. Stone tools and pottery from the Epidzemon, Susuya, and Towada cultures have been found.

Rice. 13 - Shebunino parking lot 1.

Parking Ivanovka 1 (Muidomari)

It is located on a 6-10-meter sandy sea terrace, 3.5 km south of Shebunino settlement, along the banks of a stream with a waterfall. The monument was opened by Kimura Shinroku in 1932. In 1981, S.V. Gorbunov collected lifting material here, and in 1988-1989. conducted excavations, as a result of which, from an excavation area of ​​328 sq. m, 92,000 artifacts and eco-facts were obtained, including many wood and faunal remains, wood, bone, stone and ceramics of the Enoura type dating back to the 7th-8th centuries. H.E. Of the greatest interest are wood products: bows, arrows, parts of traps and crossbows, bow drills for making fire, figurines of animals, mainly pigs, which indicates the development of pig breeding.

3 Development of the motor-boat route "Cape Crillon"

Route thread : the village of Shebunino - Cape Krugly - Cape Kuznetsova - Cape Crillon - Cape Anastasia - Cape Kanabeevka - the village of Kirillovo.

hike area : the route passes through the territory of the municipality: "Nevelsky urban district" and "Aniva urban district".

Type of tourism: water (pedestrian).

Season: June-September.

Duration: 3-4 days.

Length: 170 km.

Degree of difficulty:2nd category of complexity. Age, number and experience of participants. The recommended age of participants is 16 years old. For safe passage of the route, the recommended group size is up to 15 people. To participate in a water trip, experience in passing routes 1-2 can be required.

Cost: 64,000 rubles.

3.1 Description of the area

On the map, Sakhalin Island looks like a fish. The left end of the "caudal fin" is occupied by the Crillon Peninsula. It is 90 km long and 20 to 40 km wide. Due to the high cloudiness, the duration of solar activity on the island is an order of magnitude lower than on the mainland. But the Crillon Peninsula is the warmest place in the Sakhalin Region. From time to time, residents of urban districts can enjoy warm and even hot, sunny and dry summers. The coastal strip is indented by wide ravines with dense greenery of grasses and small mountain-type rivers flowing into the Tatar Strait. The largest of them are Lovetskaya, Nevelskaya, Kazachka. There are small mountain lakes, waterfalls, mineral springs.

For a long time, the territory of the peninsula was an isthmus between Sakhalin and Hokkaido, i.e. Crillon in the past was part of the vast Sakhalin-Hokkaido Peninsula. As a result of warming and cooling caused by ice ages, it changed its shape more than once, until 12 thousand years ago it finally separated from Hokkaido. It was at this time that the “obsidian “paths” broke off - the paths along which the migration of the most ancient hunters for obsidian, a raw material for the manufacture of labor and hunting tools, was carried out.

The expedition of the Dutchman M.G. Frieza, the Crillon peninsula was mistaken for the continuation of Hokkaido, the reason for this error was fog, which is frequent for this time of year. The mistake existed for almost 100 years, until in 1787 the French navigator J.F. Laperouse during his expedition did not discover the strait, later named after himself, and did not describe the western coast of Sakhalin. Faced in the north with shallow water and, considering the island a peninsula, he went south and anchored near Cape Maydel. During this stay, he received on board the inhabitants of the Crillon Peninsula, replenished fresh water supplies, sent a small group of researchers ashore, who climbed Mount Crillon and examined the surroundings. In the south of Sakhalin, French names appeared that have survived to this day - Moneron, Crillon, De Langle.

Crillon, due to its geographical proximity, was under the influence of Japan for a long time, until the entire territory of Sakhalin finally became part of Russia. However, this did not prevent the Japanese from fishing in the immediate vicinity of the coast, from landing on the shore, carrying out repairs there. In addition to a few settlements in the north of the peninsula, both along the western and eastern shores, it was uninhabited in the cold season, when the temperature warmed up, fishing was resumed by Japanese poachers. This continued until the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.

The Crillon Peninsula is quite a unique place in its beauty. The landscapes of the peninsula are rich in their history, and also pleasantly surprise with the diversity of fauna and flora. Here you can find rare plants and watch various animals and birds. On the Crillon Peninsula, the places of settlement of the former population of the peninsula - the Japanese and the Ainu - have been partially preserved to this day. The port ladle and Cape Kanabeev, which is a historical monument, are also unique.

The southernmost point of the peninsula is Cape Crillon of the same name. The name was given by the great French navigator Jean-Francois de La Perouse in honor of the French commander Louis-Balbes de Crillon. From the north, the cape is connected by a narrow, but high and steep isthmus with the Crillon Peninsula, which is washed by Sea of ​​Japan, in the east - by the waters of Aniva Bay. To the south is the La Perouse Strait, which separates the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido. At Cape Crillon, an old Russian signal cannon has been preserved, a weather station is operating, a lighthouse of the Pacific Fleet and a military unit are located here.

The first temporary Crillon lighthouse was built on May 13, 1883. The lighthouse building was a log wooden tower 8.5 meters high. At the same time, a barracks for lighthouse keepers, a bathhouse and other outbuildings were built. The lighting fixture of the lighthouse consisted of 15 oil-filled argan lamps and was equipped with a silver-plated reflector. The beacon fire gave a continuous white light. To give signals in the fog, the lighthouse had a two-pound signal cannon and a 20-pound bell.

Rice. 16 - The first temporary lighthouse Crillon.

On August 7, 1894, the construction of a new lighthouse building began next to the old building made of red brick brought from Japan. By August 1, 1896, work on the construction of a new lighthouse building was completed and a new lighting fixture from a French company was installed on the lighthouse. In the post-war years, in 1980, the inhabitants of the Crillon lighthouse, who lived in the lighthouse-technical building, moved to a newly built 8-apartment building. A 3-kilometer water pipe was laid to it, a pumping station was built. The lighthouse was also altered - the gable roof was dismantled. The new flat roof was flooded with pitch, but now it no longer saves, and the building flows mercilessly so that sometimes it closes the contacts on the equipment.

In the 1950s, at the southernmost tip of Cape Crillon, there was a small monument made of natural stone and erected, according to the memoirs of old residents, in 1945. By the decision of the Sakhalin Regional Executive Committee dated March 9, 1971 No. 98, the monument was placed under state protection.

Part of the route passes along the territory of the regional zoological natural monument "Cape Kuznetsov". The territory of the natural monument is the only year-round rookery of sea lions and seals in the south of Sakhalin. The valley of the Kuznetsovka River is a habitat for many rare plant species and a nesting place for rare bird species. The main objects of protection: rookeries of sea lions and seals; nesting sites for rare bird species; habitats of rare and endemic plant species listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Sakhalin Region.

Guard mode: the water route does not pass through a specially protected natural area; in case of organizing a hiking trip, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the protection regime of the natural monument of regional significance "Cape Kuznetsov".

Route description

The route is very popular. Among Sakhalin tourists, it is of interest to walkers, jeepers and water tourists traveling in motor-sailing boats or sea kayaks. The route abounds with a large number of capes, impassable pressure areas, and is complicated by the lack of settlements. This route is especially interesting if you watch the coast of the Crillon Peninsula from the sea, traveling on small boats.

The route can be started from the village of Shebunino, which can be reached by vehicles of any cross-country ability. First amazing place, which the traveler sees from the sea, is Cape Vindis and Mount Kovrizhka, which is located on the cape and is a rock with a flat top and steep, almost sheer walls. From afar, the cape looks like an island: when viewed from the north and south, it is trapezoidal, and from the west, it is square. Around this rock you can see a lot of large stones of different shapes and types, crabs and seals are also found here. On the flat top of the cape (height 78 m), several archaeological sites of ancient man were found.

The name Cape Windis is translated from the Ainu language as "bad dwelling". The Ainu called bad, bad capes capes that were dangerous to go around in a boat and had to go around along the coast. For its trapezoidal shape, the mountain on the cape is also called "Kovrizhka". You can climb to the top of the mountain only along its eastern slope, overgrown with grasses, but it is quite difficult to overcome the last 7-8 m without special equipment.

Further along the route, another sightseeing place is the zoological monument of nature "Cape Kuznetsov". This place is also remarkable for the beauty of the coast. In the direction of the southwest for 2300 meters stretches a strip of sheer cliffs with heights up to 50-60 meters. Of the geomorphological objects, giant “fingers”, “arches”, “gates” can be distinguished - all this is scattered in a picturesque mess near the coast. The banks themselves hang menacingly over the surface of the water, forming huge wave-cutting niches. The vast zone of the bench goes into the strait for about 600-800 m, so in calm sunny weather the waves do not reach the shore. In the south, the cape ends with a rock resembling a human face in profile.

Currently, in the lower reaches of the Kuznetsovka River, there is Noah's Ark - this is how the people call the subsidiary farm of the Cape Kuznetsov enterprise. This closed place is fenced with a cordon, behind which there is an ecovillage. There is a small church on the territory of the ecovillage. And indeed, who and what is not here - horses, pigs, goats, sheep, turkeys, ducks, geese graze on the seashore. Wild animals also found shelter - porcupine, ostriches, Yashka the fox, Masha the bear.

In the central part of Cape Kuznetsov (the Japanese called it Sony), at the very tip is the Kuznetsovo lighthouse, built by the Japanese in 1914. Its height above sea level is 78.5 m. Previously, the cape and the bay were called Sony, which in Ainu means columnar stones or reefs and reflects the features of this place.

The southern tip of Cape Kuznetsov turns into a two-kilometer beach stretching westward to the long and narrow Cape Zamirailova Golova. The cape has a height of 87.5 m. There is a trigopoint on the top. The elongated cape is surrounded from the north by the Kamoi Bay, on which there are sandy beaches, from the south there is Cape Zamirailov Golova.

Moving south, the route comes to the long-awaited Cape Crillon - the southern point of the peninsula. This is one large Japanese fortified area, where you can walk for weeks in search of military pillboxes, underground passages, cannons, trenches. In these places, it is worth visiting the Crillon lighthouse, more than 8 meters high, which has a unique and long history, as well as a monument erected on the cape in honor of the fallen soldiers during the liberation of southern Sakhalin in 1945. It is recommended to make a day at Cape Crillon to explore local attractions. There is a frontier post on the cape, where you need to register your visit. Also, for the movement of small boats, notification of the border service is required.

Further, the route will go along the other side of Sakhalin along Aniva Bay in a northerly direction through the interesting and beautiful capes of Anastasia, Kanabeeva and ends at the mouth of the Uryum River (the old village of Kirillovo). Throughout this section, fishing camps are often found, and in the sea there are fixed seines (care must be taken on small boats). From the Uryum River you can go by car to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

In general, when entering the route on a small boat, it is necessary to take into account the risks associated with the weather, it changes very quickly in this area. When passing Cape Crillon, it is necessary to take into account the ripples and the constant currents of the La Perouse Strait.

List of attractions and objects of tourist display:Cape Vindis, Cape Kuznetsov, sea lion rookery at Cape Kuznetsov, Cape Crillon, s. Atlasov, Cape Kanabeev; Throughout the route, beautiful landscapes, picturesque sea and hills open up.

Arrival and departure from the route:to the beginning of the route, you can reach the village of Shebunino by vehicles of any cross-country ability; the exit from the route passes from the mouth of the Uryum River (Kirillovo village).

Emergency entrance, exit or exit options:on the section of the route from the village of Shebunino to Cape Crillon, you can leave the route by off-road vehicles. The pass of Cape Kuznetsov and the pressure in front of Crillon cause a particular difficulty by car. It is also possible to drive off-road vehicles on the eastern section of Crillon from the Uryum River to the Moguchi River (a particular difficulty is the passage of cars through the mouths of the rivers). On the section from Cape Crillon to the Moguchi River, exit from the route is possible only on foot (through Cape Kanabeeva impassable) or by water transport.

Parking places and their description. It is easy to choose a good camp: large glades, a sufficient amount of firewood, clear water of small streams flowing into the sea, will allow you to set up the camp as comfortably as possible.

The most interesting and convenient parking:

1. Cape Windis - north side, there is a small stream, a good clearing, little firewood.

2. Cape Kuznetsov (Komoi Bay) - a beautiful cozy place, closed from the wind, a lot of firewood, water from small streams.

3. The mouth of the Bakery River (a ravine in front of Cape Crillon) - convenient parking, good water, firewood along the beach.

4. Cape Anastasia is a convenient bucket for settling in bad weather, the territory is polluted with man-made garbage, and a fishing camp is often located.

Conclusion

The purpose of the work was to review and identify the tourist opportunities of the Crillon Peninsula and evaluate natural conditions and resources of the peninsula, for the development of tourism.

To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were set before the work:

1. The geographical position of the peninsula determines its uniqueness. The Crillon Peninsula is quite a unique place in its beauty. The landscapes of the peninsula are rich in their history, and also pleasantly surprise with the diversity of fauna and flora. Here you can find rare plants and watch various animals and birds. On the Crillon Peninsula, the places of settlement of the former population of the peninsula - the Japanese and the Ainu - have been partially preserved to this day. The port ladle and Cape Kanabeev, which is a historical monument, are also unique.

2. A large number of natural and historical monuments, some of them are difficult to access, in addition to their uniqueness, this attracts tourists even more.

3. Despite all the beauty of this place, the peninsula is far from tourist place. Excursions and tours are not led here, there are no tourist bases. This is due to the fact that two currents meet near the Crillon peninsula. Cold from the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and warm from the Tatar Strait, which ensures windiness and rainfall. You can get here only by car or on your own by organizing a hike. In any case, unfavorable weather do not stop those who decide to visit this unique peninsula.

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9. Niyoka T., Utagawa H. archaeological sites in South Sakhalin. Sapporo, 1990 (on Japanese). with. 34-36.

10. Monuments and memorable places of the Korsakov region / MU "Centralized library system of the Korsakov region". - Korsakov, 2008—p. 56-84.

11. Pervukhina E .L , M.Yu. Lozovoy, S.V. Gorbunov. Alexander Coast Trillium. - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Publishing House of KANO, 2001. - p. 110 - 121.

12. Pervukhin S.M., M.Yu. Lozovoy, S.V. Gorbunov. Crillon Trillium Peninsula. - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: KANO Publishing House, 2001. - p. 93 - 110.

13. Pervukhina, M.Yu. Lozova. Narrow gauge locomotives mine "Agnevo" // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 6. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1999. p. 350 -355.

14. Plotnikov N.V. Archaeological exploration in the Nevelsk region in 1990 // Local history bulletin, 1991. p. 201-204.

15. Prokofiev M.M., Deryugin V.A., Gorbunov S.V. Pottery of the Satsumon culture and its finds in Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1990. p. 187-190.

16. Sakhalin Rivers / Sakhalin Energy Invest Company Ltd. - Vladivostok: Publishing house "Apelsin", 2013. p. 156.

17. Ryzhavsky G.Ya., Tashoyan F.V., On Sakhalin and the Kuriles. 1994. - p. 176.

18. Samarin I.A.. Crillon detachment // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 1, 1995. p. 3-18.

19. Samarin I.A. Cape Kanabeev // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 5, 1998. p. 26-39.

20. Samarin I.A.. Cape Anastasia // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 6, 1999. p. 43-65.

21. Samarin I.A., Shubina O.A. Results of survey of monuments of history and archeology on the peninsula in the field season of 1996 // Regional Studies Bulletin, 1997. No. 4. p. 19-58.

22. Samarin I.A.. Lighthouses of Sakhalin // Local Lore Bulletin. No. 1, 1994. p. 5-8.

23. Samarin I.A. Lighthouses of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, 2005 p. 10-13.

24. Samarin I.A. Monuments of military glory of the Sakhalin region, 2000–p. 46-54.

25. Samarin I.A .. "Sivuch" off the coast of Sakhalin // Local Lore Bulletin. No. 1, 1996. p. 35-47.

26. Samarin I.A. , O.A.Shubina. The current state of the settlement of Siranusi // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 4, 1997. p. 56-72.

27. Svyatozar Demidovich Galtsev-Bezyuk / Toponymic Dictionary of the Sakhalin Region, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Far Eastern Book Publishing House, Sakhalin Branch, 1992. p. 34-46.

28. Hirokawa Yoshinaga, Yamada Goro. On the current state of the earthen fortress Siranusi // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 4, 1997. p. 74-93.

29. Sharova S.S. Traveling through native land: excursion routes and tours around Sakhalin Island: a tourist guide / Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: IROSO Publishing House, 2014. - p. 356.

30. Shubin V.O., Shubina O.A. Sites of primitive man in South Sakhalin // Research in archeology of the Sakhalin region. Vladivostok, 1977. p. 62-102.

Applications

a) Decision No. 329 of September 15, 1982 of the Sakhalin Regional Council of People's Deputies:

Approve the Regulation; extend the period for 10 years - in order to protect and reproduce rare and valuable animals: sable, otter released for acclimatization of Canadian beavers (by that time dead), sea eagles, hazel grouse, sea and waterfowl, taimen, sim, pink salmon, as well as protection their habitats.

The reserve performs the functions of maintaining the integrity of natural communities, preserving, reproducing and restoring economically, scientifically and culturally valuable, as well as rare and endangered wild animals.

The following activities are restricted:

a) hunting and fishing,

b) tourism and other forms of organized recreation of the population,

c) collecting mushrooms, berries, medicinal and ornamental plants,

d) the use of pesticides,

e) off-road traffic.

It should be noted that all this time in the floodplains of spawning rivers, grazing of young cattle was carried out. Every year, cattle bears took their tribute, for which they were shot. Here the huntsman Burr got a bear, whose skull at the international exhibition of trophies turned out to be larger than the trophy of Ceausescu himself.

Decision of the Sakhoblispolkom No. 391 dated December 23, 1987 “On a partial change in the Regulations on the State Defense Order “Krillon Peninsula” No. 329”:

The restriction on fishing introduced in 1982 contributed to an increase in the number of various fish species living in the reservoirs of the reserve. Considering the management proposal hunting economy I decided:

Introduced in paragraph 3.5. Regulations No. 329 the following addition:

Recreational fishing is allowed on the territory of the reserve. For biological amelioration in rivers and catching weed fish, the use of nets is allowed as an exception, according to permits issued by the hunting department. Control rests with the rangers. Chairman of the regional executive committee I. I. Kuropatko.

For reference - in the period preceding this decision, the fish protection inspection confiscated up to 36 large taimen per day from violators. Since then, a massive invasion began on the peninsula. The local district administration tried to get their hands on the process - they introduced an entry fee. The reserve served, and still serves, as a place of "royal" hunting and fishing. For example, during Putin's visit, Chernomyrdin was with him, who, instead of boring excursions, went to Tambovka and killed a bear. It is also the scene of intense power struggles between the local fishery and game authorities.

Memo "On the feasibility of maintaining the status of the reserve" Cape Crillon ":

The number of rare fish, birds and wild animals, for which the reserve was allegedly created, has now reached a critical point of complete extinction. The area along the line of the reserve practically does not receive any production and no income. Based on the foregoing, I consider it inappropriate to further extend the status of the Cape Crillon reserve, I propose to use these lands for the development of small businesses and farms. Art. State Inspector of the Aniva Fish Protection Inspectorate Aisin N. T. 1992

In the 1990s, there was a rapid growth of fisheries here. It is limited only by the inaccessibility of the area and the lack of valuable objects. Repeated attempts to restore at least some order fail. The most harmful is the spring fishery of the mixed fish. Local rivers still perform well the functions of reproduction of pink salmon - in odd years there is an overflow of spawning grounds and deaths are possible. Therefore, it is possible to remove pink salmon from the rivers, since fishing with marine fixed seines is inefficient here. At the same time, the by-catch of juveniles of the kunja, rudd and taimen is significant. There is also a limited fishery for spotted seals and kelp.

b) Decree of the Administration of the Sakhalin Region dated December 24, 2002

In accordance with paragraph "a" of Article 18 and Article 19 of the Law of the Sakhalin Region dated 02.10.2000 No. 214 "On the development of specially protected areas of the Sakhalin Region": Cancel the status of the state hunting reserve of regional significance "Krillon Peninsula". I. P. Farkhutdinov, governor of the region.

It was very easy for hunters to get rid of the problem area. The following wording was used: "the goals of stabilizing the number of wild animals and birds, including those listed in the Red Book, have been fully met." None of the independent experts confirmed this, and there was no environmental review. In fact, the reserve failed at least to protect and reproduce taimen and sim. Since March 2002, several meetings of various levels have been held on the problem of Crillon. A variant of the organization of a specially protected natural area, new for the Russian Far East, was proposed - a salmon reserve under the management of Sakhalinrybvod.

By order of the governor, a reserve was established on the Crillon Peninsula:

At the request of the deputies and the administration of the Aniva region, the Department of Fisheries and the Committee of Natural Resources are currently working on the creation of a biological and ichthyological reserve on the Crillon Peninsula.

In order to maintain law and order on the territory of the peninsula, suppress poaching, and also taking into account the fire hazard period and the upcoming salmon season, the governor of the region signed an order on April 30 ordering the departments of the timber and fishing industries to ensure, together with the regional hunting department, the closure of free access beyond the Uryum River to all legal and physical persons who do not have a special pass signed by all three controlling services. Thus, environmental protection measures make it possible to preserve the relict forests and the salmon maternity hospital of Aniva Bay in their original form. Press Center of the Administration of the Sakhalin Region, 30.04.2003

Unfortunately, the title of this message is typical misinformation. At one time, indeed, Sakhalinrybvod advocated the creation of an ichthyological reserve with a ban on salmon fishing. There was a wave of publications in the media about this - “Krillon is not dead”, “Krillon will live”, “Salmon reserve”. But at the decisive meeting on April 28, 2003, the head of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Zatulyakin A.V., abandoned his intention to take this territory under special protection. Governor Farkhutdinov ordered to hold a fishing season and return to consideration of the issue of the expediency of the reserve in November 2003. Yes, I didn’t have time.

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In the 1950s, at the southernmost tip of Cape Crillon, there was a small monument made of natural stone and erected, according to the memoirs of old residents, in 1945. By the decision of the Sakhalin Regional Executive Committee dated March 9, 1971 No. 98, the monument was placed under state protection.

Part of the route passes along the territory of the regional zoological natural monument "Cape Kuznetsov". The territory of the natural monument is the only year-round rookery of sea lions and seals in the south of Sakhalin. The valley of the Kuznetsovka River is a habitat for many rare plant species and a nesting place for rare bird species. The main objects of protection: rookeries of sea lions and seals; nesting sites for rare bird species; habitats of rare and endemic plant species listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Sakhalin Region

Protection regime: the water route does not pass through a specially protected natural area; in case of organizing a hiking trip, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the protection regime of the natural monument of regional significance "Cape Kuznetsov".

Route description

The route is very popular. Among Sakhalin tourists, it is of interest to walkers, jeepers and water tourists traveling in motor-sailing boats or sea kayaks. The route abounds with a large number of capes, impassable pressure areas, and is complicated by the lack of settlements. This route is especially interesting if you watch the coast of the Crillon Peninsula from the sea, traveling on small boats.

The route can be started from the village of Shebunino, which can be reached by vehicles of any cross-country ability. The first amazing place that the traveler sees from the sea is Cape Windis and Mount "Kovrizhka", which is located on the cape and is a rock with a flat top and steep, almost sheer walls. From a distance, the cape looks like an island: when viewed from the north and south, it is trapezoidal, and from the west, it is square. Around this rock you can see a lot of large stones of different shapes and types, crabs and seals are also found here. On the flat top of the cape (height 78 meters), several archaeological sites of ancient man were found.

The name Cape Windis is translated from the Ainu language as "bad dwelling". The Ainu called bad, bad capes capes that were dangerous to go around in a boat and had to go around along the coast. For its trapezoidal shape, the mountain on the cape is also called "Kovrizhka". You can climb to the top of the mountain only along its eastern slope, overgrown with herbs, but it is quite difficult to overcome the last 7-8 meters without special equipment.

Further along the route, another sightseeing place is the zoological monument of nature "Cape Kuznetsov". This place is also remarkable for the beauty of the coast. In the direction of the southwest for 2300 meters stretches a strip of sheer cliffs with heights up to 50-60 meters. Of the geomorphological objects, giant “fingers”, “arches”, “gates” can be distinguished - all this is scattered in a picturesque mess near the coast. The banks themselves hang menacingly over the surface of the water, forming huge wave-cutting niches. The vast zone of the bench goes into the strait for about 600-800 meters, so in calm sunny weather the waves do not reach the shore. In the south, the cape ends with a rock resembling a human face in profile.

At present, in the lower reaches of the Kuznetsovka River, there is "Noah's Ark" - this is how the people call the subsidiary farm of the Cape Kuznetsov enterprise. This closed place is fenced with a cordon, behind which there is an ecovillage. There is a small church on the territory of the ecovillage. And indeed, who and what is not here - horses, pigs, goats, sheep, turkeys, ducks, geese graze on the seashore. Wild animals also found shelter - porcupine, ostriches, Yashka the fox, Mashka the bear.

In the central part of Cape Kuznetsov (the Japanese called it Sony), at the very tip is the Kuznetsovo lighthouse, built by the Japanese in 1914. Its height above sea level is 78.5 meters. Previously, the cape and the bay were called Sony, which in Ainu means columnar stones or reefs and reflects the features of this place.

The southern tip of Cape Kuznetsov turns into a two-kilometer beach stretching westward to the long and narrow Cape Zamirailova Golova. The cape has a height of 87.5 meters. At the top there is a trigopoint. The elongated cape is surrounded from the north by the Kamoi Bay, on which there are sandy beaches, from the south there is Cape Zamirailov Golova.

Moving south, the route comes to the long-awaited Cape Crillon - the southern point of the peninsula. This is one large Japanese fortified area, where you can walk for weeks in search of military pillboxes, underground passages, cannons, trenches. In these places, it is worth visiting the Crillon lighthouse, more than 8 meters high, which has a unique and long history, as well as a monument erected on the cape in honor of the fallen soldiers during the liberation of southern Sakhalin in 1945. It is recommended to make a day at Cape Crillon to explore local attractions. There is a frontier post on the cape, where you need to register your visit. Also, for the movement of small boats, notification of the border service is required.

Further, the route will go along the other side of Sakhalin along Aniva Bay in a northerly direction through the interesting and beautiful capes of Anastasia, Kanabeeva and ends at the mouth of the Uryum River (the old village of Kirillovo). Throughout this section, fishing camps are often found, and in the sea there are fixed seines (you need to be careful on small boats!). From the Uryum River you can go by car to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

In general, when entering the route on a small boat, it is necessary to take into account the risks associated with the weather, it changes very quickly in this area. When passing Cape Crillon, it is necessary to take into account the ripples and the constant currents of the La Perouse Strait.

List of sights and objects of tourist display: Cape Vindis, Cape Kuznetsov, sea lion rookery of Cape Kuznetsov, Cape Crillon, p. Atlasov, Cape Kanabeev; Throughout the route, beautiful landscapes, picturesque sea and hills open up.

Arrival and departure from the route: to the beginning of the route it is possible to reach the village of Shebunino by vehicles of any cross-country ability; the exit from the route passes from the mouth of the Uryum River (Kirillovo village).

Options for emergency access, departure or exit: on the section of the route from the village of Shebunino to Cape Crillon, you can leave the route by off-road vehicles. The pass of Cape Kuznetsov and the pressure in front of Crillon cause a particular difficulty by car. It is also possible to leave by off-road vehicles on the eastern section of Crillon from the Uryum River to the Moguchi River (a special difficulty is the passage of cars through the mouths of the rivers). On the section from Cape Crillon to the Moguchi River, exit from the route is possible only on foot (through Cape Kanabeeva impassable) or by water transport.

Parking places and their description. It is easy to choose a good camp: large glades, a sufficient amount of firewood, clear water of small streams flowing into the sea, will allow you to set up the camp as comfortably as possible.

The most interesting and convenient parking:

1. Cape Windis - north side, there is a small stream, a good clearing, little firewood.

2. Cape Kuznetsov (Komoi Bay) - a beautiful cozy place, closed from the wind, a lot of firewood, water from small streams.

3. The mouth of the Bakery River (a ravine in front of Cape Crillon) - convenient parking, good water, firewood along the beach.

4. Cape Anastasia is a convenient bucket for settling in bad weather, the territory is polluted with man-made garbage, and a fishing camp is often located.

Conclusion

The purpose of the work is to consider and identify the tourist opportunities of the Crillon Peninsula and assess the natural conditions and resources of the peninsula for the development of tourism.

To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were set before the work:

1. The geographical position of the peninsula determines its uniqueness. The Crillon Peninsula is quite a unique place in its beauty. The landscapes of the peninsula are rich in their history, and also pleasantly surprise with the diversity of fauna and flora. Here you can find rare plants and watch various animals and birds. On the Crillon Peninsula, the places of settlement of the former population of the peninsula - the Japanese and the Ainu - have been partially preserved to this day. The port ladle and Cape Kanabeev, which is a historical monument, are also unique.

2. A large number of natural and historical monuments, some of them are difficult to access, in addition to their uniqueness, this attracts tourists even more.

3. Despite all the beauty of this place, the peninsula is far from being a tourist place. Excursions and tours are not led here, there are no tourist centers. This is due to the fact that two currents meet near the Crillon peninsula. Cold from the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and warm from the Tatar Strait, which ensures windiness and rainfall. You can get here only by car or on your own by organizing a hike. In any case, adverse weather conditions do not stop those who decide to visit this unique peninsula.

Bibliography

1. Vysokova M.S. History of the Sakhalin region from ancient times to the present day / Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1995.

2. Gorbunov S.V. Zoomorphic figurines of the Ivanovka site // Research on the archeology of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. II. Conference abstracts. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1989. S. 14-15.

3. Gorbunov S.V. Catalog of archaeological collections of the Nevelsk Museum of Local History // Code of Archaeological Monuments of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Issue. 2. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1996.

4. Gluzdovsky V.E. Catalog of the Museum of the Society for the Study of the Amur Territory // Notes of the Society for the Study of the Amur Territory (Vladivostok branch of the Amur Department of the IRGS). 4.1, Vol. IX. Vladivostok, Printing house "Commercial and industrial bulletin of the Far East". 1907, p. 121.

5. Ito Nobuo. Earthen fortifications of the Chinese type on Karafuto // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 3, 1996.

6. Klitin A.K. Rediscovering Sakhalin: With a backpack through Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Sakhalin - Priamurskiye Vedomosti Publishing House, 2010. - 304 p.

7. Klitin A.K., Brovko P.F., Gorbunov A.O. Waterfalls. Series "Natural History of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands" / Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: State Budgetary Institution of Culture "Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore", 2013. - 168 p.

8. Multimedia Encyclopedia "Reserved Territories" / Sakhalin Regional Public Organization Club "Boomerang", 2010

9. Niyoka T., Utagawa H. Archaeological sites in South Sakhalin. Sapporo, 1990 (in Japanese).

10. Monuments and memorable places of the Korsakov region / MU "Centralized library system of the Korsakov region". - Korsakov, 2008

11. Pervukhina E.L. , M.Yu. Lozovoy, S.V. Gorbunov. Alexander coast Trillium. - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Publishing house of KANO, 2001. - P. 110 - 121.

12. Pervukhin S.M., M.Yu. Lozovoy, S.V. Gorbunov. Crillon Trillium Peninsula. - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: KANO Publishing House, 2001. - S. 93 - 110.

13. Pervukhina, M.Yu. Lozova. Narrow-gauge steam locomotives of the Agnevo mine // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 6. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1999. S. 350-355.

14. Plotnikov N.V. Archaeological exploration in the Nevelsk region in 1990 // Local history bulletin, 1991.

15. Prokofiev M.M., Deryugin V.A., Gorbunov S.V. Pottery of the Satsumon culture and its finds in Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1990.

16. Sakhalin Rivers / Sakhalin Energy Invest Company Ltd. - Vladivostok: Orange Publishing House, 2013. 156 p.

17. Ryzhavsky G.Ya., Tashoyan F.V., On Sakhalin and the Kuriles. 1994. - 176 p.

18. Samarin I.A.. Crillon detachment // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 1, 1995. S. 3-18.

19. Samarin I.A. Cape Kanabeev // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 5, 1998. S. 26-39.

20. Samarin I.A.. Cape Anastasia // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 6, 1999. S. 43-65.

21. Samarin I.A., Shubina O.A. Results of the survey of monuments of history and archeology on the peninsula during the field season of 1996 // Regional Studies Bulletin, 1997. No. 4. P. 19-58.

22. Samarin I.A.. Lighthouses of Sakhalin // Local Lore Bulletin. No. 1, 1994.

23. Samarin I.A. Lighthouses of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, 2005

24. Samarin I.A. Monuments of military glory of the Sakhalin region, 2000

25. Samarin I.A .. "Sivuch" off the coast of Sakhalin // Local Lore Bulletin. No. 1, 1996.

26. Samarin I.A. , O.A.Shubina. The current state of the settlement of Siranusi // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 4, 1997.

27. Svyatozar Demidovich Galtsev-Bezyuk / Toponymic Dictionary of the Sakhalin Region, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Far Eastern Book Publishing House, Sakhalin Branch, 1992

28. Hirokawa Yoshinaga, Yamada Goro. On the current state of the earthen fortress Siranusi // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 4, 1997.

29. Sharova S.S. Traveling around the native land: excursion routes and tours around the island of Sakhalin: a tourist guide / Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: IROSO Publishing House, 2014. - 356 p.

30. Shubin V.O., Shubina O.A. Sites of primitive man in South Sakhalin // Research in archeology of the Sakhalin region. Vladivostok, 1977, pp. 62-102.

Applications

a) Decision No. 329 of September 15, 1982 of the Sakhalin Regional Council of People's Deputies:

Approve the Regulation; extend the period for 10 years - in order to protect and reproduce rare and valuable animals: sable, otter released for acclimatization of Canadian beavers (by that time dead!), sea eagles, hazel grouse, sea and waterfowl, taimen, sim, pink salmon, as well as protection of their habitat.

The reserve performs the functions of maintaining the integrity of natural communities, preserving, reproducing and restoring economically, scientifically and culturally valuable, as well as rare and endangered wild animals.

The following activities are restricted:

a) hunting and fishing,

b) tourism and other forms of organized recreation of the population,

c) collecting mushrooms, berries, medicinal and ornamental plants,

d) the use of pesticides,

e) off-road traffic.

It should be noted that all this time in the floodplains of spawning rivers, grazing of young cattle was carried out. Every year, cattle bears took their tribute, for which they were shot. Here the huntsman Burr got a bear, whose skull at the international exhibition of trophies turned out to be larger than the trophy of Ceausescu himself.

Decision of the Sakhoblispolkom No. 391 dated December 23, 1987 “On a partial change in the Regulations on the State Defense Order “Krillon Peninsula” No. 329”:

The restriction on fishing introduced in 1982 contributed to an increase in the number of various fish species living in the reservoirs of the reserve. Taking into account the proposal of the management of the hunting economy, I decided:

Introduced in paragraph 3.5. Regulations No. 329 the following addition:

Recreational fishing is allowed on the territory of the reserve. For biological amelioration in rivers and catching weed fish, the use of nets is allowed as an exception, according to permits issued by the hunting department. Control rests with the rangers. Chairman of the regional executive committee I. I. Kuropatko.

For reference - in the period preceding this decision, the fishery inspection confiscated up to 36 large taimen per day from violators. Since then, a massive invasion began on the peninsula. The local district administration tried to get their hands on the process - they introduced an entry fee. The reserve served, and still serves, as a place of "royal" hunting and fishing. For example, during Putin's visit, Chernomyrdin was with him, who, instead of boring excursions, went to Tambovka and killed a bear. It is also the scene of intense power struggles between the local fishery and game authorities.

Memo "On the feasibility of maintaining the status of the reserve" Cape Crillon ":

The number of rare fish, birds and wild animals, for which the reserve was allegedly created, has now reached a critical point of complete extinction. The area along the line of the reserve practically does not receive any production and no income. Based on the foregoing, I consider it inappropriate to further extend the status of the Cape Crillon reserve, I propose to use these lands for the development of small businesses and farms. Art. State Inspector of the Aniva Fish Protection Inspectorate Aisin N. T. 1992

In the 1990s, there was a rapid growth of fisheries here. It is limited only by the inaccessibility of the area and the lack of valuable objects. Repeated attempts to restore at least some order fail. The most harmful is the spring fishery of the mixed fish. Local rivers still perform well the functions of reproduction of pink salmon - in odd years, overflow of spawning grounds occurs and deaths are possible. Therefore, it is possible to remove pink salmon from the rivers, since fishing with marine fixed seines is inefficient here. At the same time, the by-catch of juveniles of the kunja, rudd and taimen is significant. There is also a limited fishery for spotted seals and kelp.

b) Decree of the Administration of the Sakhalin Region dated December 24, 2002

In accordance with paragraph "a" of Article 18 and Article 19 of the Law of the Sakhalin Region dated 02.10.2000 No. 214 "On the development of specially protected areas of the Sakhalin Region": Cancel the status of the state hunting reserve of regional significance "Krillon Peninsula". I. P. Farkhutdinov, governor of the region.

It was very easy for hunters to get rid of the problem area. The following wording was used: "the goals of stabilizing the number of wild animals and birds, including those listed in the Red Book, have been fully met." None of the independent experts confirmed this, and there was no environmental review. In fact, the reserve failed at least to protect and reproduce taimen and sim. Since March 2002, several meetings of various levels have been held on the problem of Crillon. A variant of organizing a specially protected natural area, new for the Russian Far East, was proposed - a salmon reserve under the management of Sakhalinrybvod.

By order of the governor, a reserve was established on the Crillon Peninsula:

At the request of the deputies and the administration of the Aniva region, the Department of Fisheries and the Committee of Natural Resources are currently working on the creation of a biological and ichthyological reserve on the Crillon Peninsula.

In order to maintain law and order on the territory of the peninsula, suppress poaching, and also taking into account the fire hazard period and the upcoming salmon season, the governor of the region signed an order on April 30 ordering the departments of the timber and fishing industries to ensure, together with the regional hunting department, the closure of free access beyond the Uryum River to all legal and physical persons who do not have a special pass signed by all three controlling services. Thus, environmental protection measures make it possible to preserve the relict forests and the salmon maternity hospital of Aniva Bay in their original form. Press Center of the Administration of the Sakhalin Region, 30.04.2003

Unfortunately, the title of this message is typical misinformation. At one time, indeed, Sakhalinrybvod advocated the creation of an ichthyological reserve with a ban on salmon fishing. There was a wave of publications in the media about this - “Krillon is not dead”, “Krillon will live”, “Salmon reserve”. But at the decisive meeting on April 28, 2003, the head of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Zatulyakin A.V., abandoned his intention to take this territory under special protection. Governor Farkhutdinov ordered to hold a fishing season and return to consideration of the issue of the expediency of the reserve in November 2003. Yes, I didn’t have time.

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abstract, added 11/24/2010


Natural resources, climate, flora and fauna of Portugal. National parks and reserves. Cultural and historical recreational resources and tourist areas. Objects World Heritage UNESCO. Socio-economic factor in the development of tourism.

This section of the report is based on archival documents and literary sources. This topic is great, therefore it is a brief chronology of events and facts, this topic requires a serious scientific approach, therefore it can be considered as a summary plan for future research in this area.
... For a long time, the territory of the peninsula was an isthmus between Sakhalin and Hokkaido, i.e. was part of the vast Sakhalin-Hokkaido Peninsula. As a result of warming and cooling caused by ice ages, it changed its shape more than once, until 12 thousand years ago it finally separated from Hokkaido. It was at this time that the "obsidian paths" broke off - the paths along which the migration of the most ancient hunters for obsidian, a raw material for the manufacture of labor and hunting tools, was carried out.
The Paleolithic period for Crillon is practically not described, and no settlements relating to this period have been found either.
The most ancient site known to archaeologists is the 5,000-year-old site at the Kuznetsova metro station. This site belongs to the so-called South Sakhalin culture. The inhabitants of this culture lived, as a rule, in square-shaped dugouts, used local types of stone - jasperoid, siliceous rocks for the manufacture of tools and hunting, as evidenced by the finds at these sites. As a rule, the sites of that time are located on high terraces, since the sea level at that time was quite high. These sites were also located at the mouth of rivers such as, for example, Gorbusha, Moguchi, Naicha, etc.
Gradually, the economy of the ancient tribes was formed. Along with gathering and hunting, the tribes along the coastline were also engaged in sea gathering and hunting for sea animals. Naturally, fishing traditions also developed. The peninsula must undoubtedly be considered a zone of contact between the ancient tribes of Sakhalin and Hokkaido, during which the traditions of hunting and fishing were mixed. The culture of hunters, fishermen and sea hunters was finally formed by the middle of the 1st millennium BC. and reached its peak by the 5th century AD. Numerous sites along the banks and estuaries of the peninsula belong to this period. The inhabitants of this time widely used the protective properties of the area, an example of this is the parking lot on the Zamirailova Golova metro station or the natural fortress on the Vindis metro station.
The settlement of the Ainu took place in several stages from Hokkaido in the south-north direction. The ancient tribes of the Nivkhs and Orochs, on the contrary, settled from north to south. Exchange and trade naturally enriched the ties between these peoples, but there were also frequent enmities over hunting and fishing territories. At the beginning of the millennium, metal products begin to penetrate Crillon. Being on the periphery, nevertheless, the inhabitants of Sakhalin felt the influence of the most powerful neighbors, who by that time had a state system. States such as Bohai, the Golden Empire, the Yuan and Ming Empire, expanding their borders to the east, naturally stumbled upon the island. The most tangible was the invasion of 1286-1368 by the Manzhur tribes, it was at that time that numerous settlements were built along Sakhalin. Fortress-type settlements, the so-called fortresses - parts on Crillon apparently belong to this period. There are currently two known on the Crillon Peninsula. These are Siranusi on Cape Crillon and Tisia on Cape Anastasia. Goods from China transited through these points to ancient Japan. During the period of the XV-XVIII centuries. the last migration wave of the Hokkaido Ainu, pressed by the Japanese, poured into southern Sakhalin. This caused enmity with the Sakhalin clans of the Ainu, Nivkh, Orok. It was at this time that Europeans sailed to the shores of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands.
The expedition of the Dutchman M.G. Friz took the Crillon Peninsula for the continuation of Hokkaido, the reason for this mistake was fog, which is frequent for this time of the year. The mistake existed for almost 100 years, until in 1787 the French navigator J.F. Laperouse, during his expedition, discovered the strait, named after himself and described the western coast of Sakhalin. Having stumbled aground in the north and considering the island a peninsula, he went down to the south and stood at the anchorage near Cape Maidel. During this stay, he received on board the inhabitants of the Crillon Peninsula, replenished fresh water supplies, and sent a small group of researchers ashore, who climbed onto the city of Crillon and examined the surroundings. In the south of Sakhalin, French names appeared that have survived to this day - Moneron, Crillon, De Langle. The last stage of history can be considered as a stage of confrontation between Japan and Russia. Moving from south to north and from north to south, expanding the borders of their states, Japan and Russia collided finally and irrevocably at the beginning of the 19th century. The construction of military posts and temporary fishing camps by the Japanese gave rise to a natural enmity, in which the locals were a third party between a rock and a hard place. Krillon was under the influence of Japan for a long time due to its geographical proximity, until the entire territory of Sakhalin finally became owned by Russia, but this did not prevent the Japanese from fishing in the immediate vicinity of the coast, landing on the shore, carrying out repairs there. In addition to a few settlements in the north of the peninsula, both along the western and eastern coasts, the peninsula was uninhabited in the cold season, when the weather warmed up, fishing was resumed by Japanese branconiers. This continued until the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905.
Cape Crillon was a very dangerous place for ships carrying various cargoes to the Korsakov post. In particular, on May 17, 1887, the steamer of the Volunteer Fleet "Kostroma", following from the Korsakov post to Due, was shipwrecked near the Siranusi metro station. The vessel, due to inaccuracies in sea charts, ran into rocks and sank on May 23. In this regard, in 1888, a topographical party was sent to Crillon under the leadership of S.A. Varyagin, consisting of 22 people. The geodetic coordinates of the Sony (Kuznetsov), Tissia (Anastasia) and Crillon capes were determined, the coastline was clarified, and the depths into the La Perouse Strait were measured. In memory of the death of the Kostroma, a small chapel was built on the shore from the wreckage of the steamer, with the face of Nikolai Ugodnik and the inscription "Kostroma 1887 May 17". In 1893, the sunken "Kostroma" was bought for $ 2,000 by one of the Japanese firms and by 1895 was taken to Japan.
Naturally, there was a need to build a lighthouse on Cape Crillon for the safety of ship traffic. The astronomical point at Cape Crillon was determined back in 1867 by Lieutenant Staritsky, and in 1883, on April 23, the construction of a lighthouse at Cape Crillon was started. Work on the construction of the lighthouse lasted 35 days with thirty exiles. During this time, a wooden tower 8.5 m high was built, a house for the caretaker, a garden, and all this was surrounded by a fence. In addition, a powder cellar was built and a road was laid to the shore. The builder of the lighthouse was Captain VZKazarinov. The lighthouse was equipped with a lighting apparatus with 15 argon lamps and a reflector, in addition, a 20-pound bell and a two-pound cannon were supplied. The light of the beacon was visible at a distance of 15 miles. On June 30, 1883, the lighthouse was consecrated by Bishop Martimian from the Korsakov post, who had specially arrived from Blagoveshchensk.
In 1885, exiled convicts, specially brought to the cape, built a 12-meter tower in order to install it on the Danger Stone.
The steamer "Tunguz", which arrived to assist in the installation of this tower, did not cope with this work, so the tower was dismantled and taken to the Imperial Harbor in Primorye, where it was installed at the entrance to the harbor.
The most disturbing time of the end of the 19th century for the inhabitants of the Crillon lighthouse was 1885, when 40 convicts escaped from the Korsakov post. Most of them reached the Crillon lighthouse on the east coast, where they plundered a food warehouse, seized boats and fled to Japan by sea, where they presented themselves as shipwrecked German sailors, were exposed and sent back to Sakhalin. In fact, the Crillon lighthouse, being the only settlement in the extreme southwest, was a rather attractive target for fugitive convicts. In September 1885, another group of convicts escaped from the Korsakov post, killed the senior guard and his assistant near the Ventosa metro station (in memory of this villainous act, the cape was renamed Kanabeev).
On August 7, 1894, the construction of a capital building for the lighthouse on Cape Crillon began. Construction was carried out by foremen Shipulin and Yakovlev with the help of 25 Korean workers. Red brick was imported from Japan, Oregon pine from America. The lighthouse was to be equipped with a Barbie et Bernard lighting fixture. By August 1, 1896, all work was completed. The building was built and combined with residential premises, a new siren was installed to give signals in foggy weather, a new bell weighing 488 kg. It has remained so to this day, with the exception that the living quarters were turned into utility rooms, the bell was removed in 1980 and is located in military unit 13148 in Korsakov, instead of it there is a Japanese-made backup bell on the lighthouse from the lighthouse on Cape Veslo that in Kunashir.
On September 22, 1895, Admiral S.O. Makarov visited the Crillon lighthouse, where a rail with divisions was installed - a fugstock for measuring fluctuations in water masses in the La Perouse Strait. Even earlier, in 1893, a weather station of the 2nd category of the 1st class was built next to the lighthouse. At the end of 1896, a total solar eclipse was observed from the Crillon lighthouse by an expedition specially sent for this purpose under the leadership of Major General E.V. Maidel.
The beginning of the 20th century was marked by the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. The team of the Crillon lighthouse was reinforced to 15 people instead of 8. The telegraph line from the Crillon lighthouse to the Korsakov post was built on September 30, 1904, despite the fact that the issue of its construction was raised as early as 1893. But there was little sense from this line due to the fact that the lighthouse team used to be in a state of intoxication along with the lighthouse keeper, his 12-year-old daughter practically performed the duties of the keeper, dealing with warehouses and allowances for the team.
On April 25, Lieutenant Pyotr Mordvinov arrived at Crillon at the head of a detachment of 40 combatants and 1 non-commissioned officer. This detachment repaired the telegraph line on the section of Cape Krillon - Uryum River, as well as the destruction of Japanese fisheries and kungas. The detachment destroyed the pirate base on Moneron Island, sunk and destroyed a large number of kungas and schooners. The search for the detachment by the Japanese was unsuccessful, they constantly eluded the enemy, the start of hostilities on Sakhalin coincided with the return of the detachment of vigilantes to the cape, and in 2 days they prepared the defense of the lighthouse.
However, on June 26, a Japanese amphibious detachment approached the lighthouse, consisting of the cruisers Suma, Chiyoda and 4 destroyers. Seeing the huge advantage of the Japanese over the detachment, the Mordvinovs were given the command to retreat in full force, leaving the lighthouse. The caretaker P. Demyantsevich and the sailor Burov remained on the T-shirt, the latter tried to burn the lighthouse, but the caretaker, because of his cowardice, prevented him from doing this for fear of being punished for this by the Japanese. Both were captured by the enemy. The detachment of the second lieutenant, having made a 7-day transition, during which 8 people fell behind (out of 54 people), reunited with the detachment of staff captain Dairsky in the village of Petropavlovskoye, holding out in the forests for a month and a half and on August 17 was completely destroyed by the Japanese in the upper reaches of the Naiba River . Such was the end of the Crillon detachment under the command of Lieutenant Pyotr Mordvinov.
Period 1905-0945 on the Crillon peninsula is marked by the appearance of the first permanent settlements. The basic type of settlement on the peninsula is similar to the Japanese system of settlement in Hokkaido. In the mouths of large rivers, as a rule, there was a large settlement, and a road with a chain of farms went deep into the peninsula along the river valley. Fishing remained the main occupation of the local population, consisting mainly of immigrants from Japan, but logging (east coast) and coal mining (west coast) were already mixed in with it in the north. In addition, the population was actively engaged in gardening. During this period, at least 50 settlements were created on the peninsula, most of which were farms.
Large peninsula-scale settlements existed on both coasts, had post offices, schools, shops. Immediately after the capture of South Sakhalin, the Japanese began to break through to the south along the eastern coast of the road to the Krillon lighthouse. The lighthouse itself was repaired, a meteorological station of a very original construction was built next to it, a building with a rainwater intake. This weather station began its work in July 1909. In 1914, a lighthouse complex was built on the Sony (Kuznetsova) metro station. On the eastern coast of the peninsula, apparently at the same time, 2 towers were built in Kirillovo and on Cape Anastasia.
In August 1945, the 2nd Battalion of the 25th Infantry Regiment was stationed at Cape Crillon. Soviet paratroopers, who landed to liberate the southwestern tip of Sakhalin, met with fierce resistance from the battalion. Unfortunately, the names of the paratroopers are unknown, as well as their number, resting in a mass grave on the southernmost point of Sakhalin.
At the end of the war, the lighthouse was repaired and put into operation. From 1945 to 1947 the population was repatriated from the Crillon peninsula. In 1947, Japanese geographical names were replaced by Russian ones. Russian settlers populated the peninsula, settling in the same villages. Japanese farms were plundered and turned into hunting lodges, some of them burned down, gradually they all fell into disrepair, collapsing and falling apart. The central settlements survived longer, but they were also closed by decrees in 1962, 1964, 1965, 1978, 1982. The largest settlements, Atlasovo, Pereputye, and Khvostovo, "lasted" the longest. At the moment, the same picture exists on the peninsula as 100 years ago, a lighthouse and a weather station operate on Cape Crillon, military and border units are deployed. During the fishing season, fishing camps are scattered throughout the eastern and western coasts, curtailing their work by autumn. On the western coast south of Shebunino there are 2 border outposts "Crossroads" and "Extreme", engaged not so much in protecting the border as in survival, on the east coast south of Kirillovo there is one on Cape Anastasia, the situation of which is the most difficult due to isolation .
The eastern coast and the watershed of the South Kamyshovy Ridge are the borders of the reserve of regional significance "Krillon Peninsula". The lands of the valleys of the Ulyanovka, Kura, Naicha, Uryum rivers, as before 100 years ago, are used for grazing cattle, only now not for the Korsakov post, but for the Taranay state farm. Prospects are opening up, to put it mildly, sad…

http:/www.sakhalin.ru/rover

On May 9, 1952, on the basis of 41, 42, 43 radio technical posts, the 39 radio technical regiment was formed. The regiment was formed by the former commander of the 116th separate radio engineering battalion, Major Varlamov Dmitry Fedoseevich
In 1953, in the month of November, the 39th Air Surveillance, Warning and Communications Regiment was fully formed according to the state with the deployment of units in various settlements of Sakhalin, one of which was Cape Crillon
The annual holiday 39 RTP is set to commemorate the day of formation - May 9

In 1957, on the basis of a directive from the headquarters of the country's air defense forces, the 39th radio-technical air defense regiment was transferred to new states from August 1, 1957, including 212 ORLR (Cape Crillon) as part of one P-20 radar, one P-10 radar, one radar P-8s. 1960 - 212 ORLR with the location of Cape Crillon as part of one P-30 radar, one P-12 radar and a non-standard P-10 radar.
1961 - in 212 ORLR (Cape Crillon): P-30, P-12, P-10, P-14 and PRV-10 radars.
Since 1958, 212 ORLR (Cape Crillon) began to be marked by the command of the 39th regiment, as one of the best units in the regiment, according to the results of a comprehensive check.
In 1959 - the best unit of the regiment: 212 ORLR (Krillon) - P-10 crew, head of the radar station - Lieutenant Grisyuk, P-20 radar crews of sergeants Ivanyuta, Lutsenko.
In 1962 - excellent departments: RLR Crillon - 4th department.
In 1964 - in combat and political training, she took the 1st place in the RLR Crillon - company commander Captain Rudchenko M.A., political officer Lieutenant Korinsky V.F. The company was awarded the challenge Red Banner.

Since 1975, the Krillon company has become known as the Atlasovo company.

In 2000 - according to the results of combat training, RLR Crillon took II place - company commander Captain Alisov
In 2001 - according to the results of combat training, RLR Crillon took III place - company commander Captain Alisov
In 2002 - according to the results of the first period, RLR Crillon took III place - company commander Captain Nizyaev
In 2003 - according to the results of combat training, RLR Crillon took III place - company commander Captain Nizyaev
In 2006 - according to the results of combat training, RLR Crillon took II place - company commander Major Tribunsky
In 2007 - according to the results of the winter period, RLR Crillon took II place - company commander Major Tribunsky

Reminds me of a fish. The left end of the caudal fin is occupied by the Crillon Peninsula. From the east it is washed by the waters of the Aniva Bay, from the west by the Tatar Strait, from the south by the La Perouse Strait it is separated from Japan.

The southern position of the peninsula, as well as the branch of the warm Tsushima current passing near its western coast, determine the climate features of this region. Crillon is the warmest part of Sakhalin. In terms of physical and geographical zoning, the Crillon Peninsula is located in the subzone of the southern dark coniferous taiga, enriched with representatives of more southern regions. Therefore, the species saturation of flora and fauna is one of the highest on Sakhalin.

We are interested in the part of the peninsula facing Aniva Bay. The rivers flow into this bay: Uryum, Tambovka, Ulyanovka, Kura, Naicha and Moguchi - their total spawning area is about 600 thousand square meters, or almost a third of the total spawning fund of the rivers of the bay. The most widespread species of salmon is pink salmon, salmon also spawns, and an isolated population of autumn chum salmon has survived. But the main value of this corner is one of the last populations of Sakhalin taimen in the south of the island.

The peninsula and Cape Crillon were named so by La Perouse (1787) in honor of the French General Louis de Crillon, famous for his bravery. On May 14, 1805, the vessel Nadezhda, the leader of the first Russian round-the-world expedition, Ivan Kruzenshtern, anchored in Aniva Bay. Kruzenshtern got acquainted with the life of the Ainu, gave them gifts. Since then history has drastically changed life here more than once. From 1861 to 1904 there was Russian hard labor on Sakhalin. The memory of this time remained on the map - Cape Kanabeev is named after the warden, who was killed here by fugitive convicts. In 1905 Sakhalin was captured by the Japanese. Until now, conflicting evidence of their management has remained on the island. Crillon had many villages, farms and fishing grounds. After the liberation of South Sakhalin in 1945, recruited workers and peasants from the western part of the country were actively brought to the island (the settlements - Ulyanovka, Tambovka) were also named after the place of the settlers' homeland. Settlements from Crillon were settled only in the mid-60s. The natives of these places recall with nostalgia what places it was rich in fish and game.

In 1948-51. on the peninsula there was a nature reserve "Yuzhno-Sakhalinskiy". A short conservation ended in the course of the Stalinist transformation of nature. On March 14, 1972, the stormy and sad history of the Crillon Peninsula nature reserve begins. I will try to briefly retell it according to the documents that I managed to find:

1. From the Regulations on the state hunting reserve of regional significance "Krillon Peninsula":

The term of the order is 10 years, the mode is complex. Species composition of hunting fauna - bear, fox, raccoon dog, American mink, hare, hazel grouse, sable, waterfowl, black muskrat(By the way, hunters are still convinced that this is a special species! However, this is not their worst mistake) . The area of ​​land is 62 thousand hectares, including forest - 48, field - 4, water - 10, the length of rivers is 120 km. Number of rangers - 2.

In 1979, on the river. 20 Canadian beavers settled in Naich, they all died during a flood in August 1981.

2. Decision of the Sakhalin Regional Council of People's Deputies:

Approve the Regulation; extend the period for 10 years - in order to protect and reproduce rare and valuable animals: sable, otter, released for acclimatization of Canadian beavers(By then dead!) , sea eagles, hazel grouse, sea and waterfowl, taimen, sim, pink salmon, as well as the protection of their habitat.

The reserve performs the functions of maintaining the integrity of natural communities, preserving, reproducing and restoring economically, scientifically and culturally valuable, as well as rare and endangered wild animals.

Restrictions have been established for the following activities:

a. hunting and fishing,

b. tourism and other forms of organized recreation of the population,

in. picking mushrooms, berries, medicinal and ornamental plants,

d. use of pesticides,

e. off-road traffic.

I should note that all this time in the floodplains of spawning rivers, young cattle were grazing. Every year, cattle bears took their tribute, for which they were shot. Here the huntsman Burr got a bear, whose skull at the international exhibition of trophies turned out to be larger than the trophy of Ceausescu himself.

3. Decision of the Sakhobluspolkom of the city “On a partial change in the Regulations on State Defense Order “Krillon Peninsula” No. 000”:

The restriction on fishing introduced in 1982 contributed to an increase in the number of various fish species living in the reservoirs of the reserve. Taking into account the proposal of the management of the hunting economy, I decided:

Include in paragraph 3.5. Regulations No. 000 the following addition:

- Recreational fishing is allowed on the territory of the reserve. For biological reclamation in rivers and catching weed fish(!)as an exception, the use of nets is allowed under permits issued by the hunting department. Control rests with the rangers. Chairman of the regional executive committee.

For reference - in the period preceding this decision, the fish protection inspection confiscated up to 36 large taimen per day from violators. Since then, a massive invasion began on the peninsula. The local district administration tried to get their hands on the process - they introduced an entry fee. The reserve served, and still serves, as a place of "royal" hunting and fishing. For example, during Putin's visit, Chernomyrdin was with him, who, instead of boring excursions, went to Tambovka and killed a bear. It is also the scene of intense power struggles between the local fishery and game authorities.

4. Memo "On the feasibility of maintaining the status of the reserve" Cape Crillon ":

The number of rare fish, birds and wild animals, for which the reserve was allegedly created, has now reached a critical point of complete extinction. The area along the line of the reserve practically does not receive any production and no income. Based on the foregoing, I consider it inappropriate to further extend the status of the Cape Crillon reserve, I propose to use these lands for the development of small businesses and farms. Art. State Inspector of the Aniva Fish Protection Inspectorate 1992

In the 1990s, there was a rapid growth of fisheries here. It is limited only by the inaccessibility of the area and the lack of valuable objects. Repeated attempts to restore at least some order fail. The most harmful is the spring fishery of the mixed fish. Local rivers still perform well the functions of reproduction of pink salmon - in odd years there is an overflow of spawning grounds and deaths are possible. Therefore, it is possible to remove pink salmon from the rivers, since fishing with marine fixed seines is inefficient here. At the same time, the by-catch of juveniles of the kunja, rudd and taimen is significant. There is also a limited fishery for spotted seals and kelp.

5. Decree of the Administration of the Sakhalin Region dated 01.01.2001

In accordance with paragraph "a" of Article 18 and Article 19 of the Law of the Sakhalin Region "On the Development of Specially Protected Territories of the Sakhalin Region": Cancel the status of the state hunting reserve of regional significance "Krillon Peninsula". , regional governor.

It was very easy for hunters to get rid of the problem area. The following wording was used: “The goals of stabilizing the number of wild animals and birds, including those listed in the Red Book, have been fully met.” None of the independent experts confirmed this, and there was no environmental review. In fact, the reserve failed at least to protect and reproduce taimen and sim. Since March 2002, several meetings of various levels have been held on the problem of Crillon. A variant of the organization of a specially protected natural area, new for the Russian Far East, was proposed - a salmon reserve under the management of Sakhalinrybvod.

6. By order of the Governor, a reserve was established on the Crillon Peninsula:
At the request of the deputies and the administration of the Aniva region, the Department of Fisheries and the Committee of Natural Resources are currently working on the creation of a biological and ichthyological reserve on the Crillon Peninsula.

In order to maintain law and order on the territory of the peninsula, suppress poaching, and also taking into account the fire hazard period and the upcoming salmon season, the governor of the region signed an order on April 30 ordering the departments of the timber and fishing industries to ensure, together with the regional hunting department, the closure of free access beyond the Uryum River to all legal and physical persons who do not have a special pass signed by all three controlling services. Thus, environmental protection measures make it possible to preserve the relict forests and the salmon maternity hospital of Aniva Bay in their original form. Press Center of the Administration of the Sakhalin Region, 30.04.2003

Unfortunately, the title of this message is typical misinformation. At one time, indeed, Sakhalinrybvod advocated the creation of an ichthyological reserve with a ban on salmon fishing. There was a wave of publications in the media about this - “Krillon is not dead”, “Krillon will live”, “Salmon reserve”. But at the decisive meeting on April 28, 2003, the head of the SRV abandoned his intention to take this territory under special protection. Governor Farkhutdinov ordered to hold a fishing season and return to consideration of the issue of the expediency of the reserve in November 2003. Yes, I didn’t have time.

The past years without protection have shown the near future of the once valuable territory, which will now quickly turn into an ordinary dreary landscape with a rampant increase in poaching. The pressure on commercial stocks of fish and game animals will increase. The last more or less healthy population of Sakhalin taimen in the south of Sakhalin will completely disappear, and the stocks of pink salmon, salmon and chum salmon are degrading.

The history of the Crillon Peninsula protected area is a history of betrayal!

Will Darant's historical conclusion:

One of the lessons of history is that "nothing" is very often a good answer to the question "What to do?" and always a smart answer to the question "What to say?".

SERGEY MAKEEV

Day 1.

All participants meet at the railway station. We get on the bus and go to the Aniva region to the mouth of the Uryum river. We will ford the river, the depth is knee-deep, in places waist-deep. For the crossing, we change into shoes that we took for water crossings. After the crossing, we change our shoes and go along the forest dirt road. Then we go to the coast in Kirillovo. Further, our path passes along the sand and pebble coast.

We will stop for lunch on the Tambovka River.

After Tambovka, focusing on the ebb, we pass the clamps. At low tide, the shore opens near the rocks and you can walk without getting wet.

We set up a camp at the mouth of the Maksimkina River. The attendants prepare a delicious dinner. We will get to know each other around the campfire.

Daily mileage: 21 km.

Day 2

In the morning, the attendants prepare breakfast according to the layout and duty schedule. After breakfast, we pack up and hit the road. On the way, we will go into a chalk canyon, where an 8-meter waterfall falls. And in the rocks nests of swifts are located.

We will stop on the Kura River for lunch. There is a farm at the mouth of the river, and you can see horses grazing on the seashore.

After lunch we will go to the river Moguchi. Go to sand and pebble beach. Sometimes passing near rocks along a stone path, as if the rock had glassed on the ground, forming a path. An interesting rock will meet along the way, popularly referred to as the Dragon. Multi-colored rocks are composed of a dragon's muzzle, with an open mouth and hollows for the eyes.

Another ford across the river Naicha. A few more kilometers along the sand and we camp on the Moguchi River. Hot dinner. Overnight.

Daily mileage: 22 km

Day 3

After breakfast, we collect the camp and go on the road. Today the transition will be difficult. We'll have to go around M. Kanabeeva on bamboo. Traffic will be very difficult. Walking 5 km will take 4 hours.

Cape Kanabeeva is very beautiful. On the cape itself there is a stone arch, to which a meter-wide rocky terrace leads. Be sure to visit radially for inspection and photos. An understanding of security is required as the depth of the sea near the cape immediately reaches 5 meters.

Today will end at the abandoned camp of Cape Anastasia (non-residential settlement of Atlasovo). In the sea opposite the cape there are two rocks surrounded by an old ruined Japanese pier. On the largest rock, the Japanese once installed torii, Shinto sacred gates to the temple, facing east, towards the rising sun.

Near the place of spending the night, the Anastasia River flows. You can arrange laundry, washing.

At 200 meters from the camp, a beautiful 20-meter waterfall falls on the coast.

Hot dinner. Overnight.

Daily mileage: 12 km.

Day 4

The day is reserved for rest after the crossing. Wash things, dry, wash and just relax. Relax on Cape Anastasia with soft sunrises and fiery sunsets.

Day 5

In the morning, after breakfast, we collect the camp and leave. Today we keep the way to Cape Crillon.

The path is beautiful, but has several boulder crossings. When passing such clamps, care should be taken, take your time and help the participants. In some places, you may need help in carrying backpacks first, and after that the participants pass lightly. The boys are active and give a helping hand. Along the way, we are also waiting for a lot of waterfalls, from small to large, from dried up to a thin stream to powerful water streams. For lunch we will stand at the house near the waterfall.

After lunch, there will be a few kilometers left and we are finally in the bay of Cape Crillon! We set up camp and prepare dinner. We also collect passports and the instructor goes to mark the group at the border guards.

Attention! cellular on Krillon - Japanese, eats up the entire balance without having time to dial the number.

Tomorrow we will have a day trip and sightseeing trips along the cape, places of glory, and military fortifications, a lighthouse and a monument, underground passages and cannons.

Daily mileage: 19 km.

Day 6

Daytime. The day is devoted to getting acquainted with the history of the extreme point of Sakhalin Island. The whole day is planned for radial exits in order to cover as much as possible the historical sights associated with the period of the Russo-Japanese War.

Today we are not in a hurry. We sleep well. After a late breakfast, we will prepare a lunch snack and go for a walk and see the sights of Crillon.

Let's start the detour with a monument to the soldiers who died during the liberation of Sakhalin and the South Kuriles. 7 paratroopers are buried in this mass grave. Next, let's go to inspect the now non-residential buildings that were built by the Japanese and then the Russians, everything was mixed up on a small piece of land. Let's climb, stare, and hurry to the fortified area. After all, Cape Crillon is one large fortified area where you can walk for weeks in search of military pillboxes, underground passages, trenches, guns. On the way, we will climb a large plateau overgrown with bamboo, where cannons are hidden in the thick tall grass. A little further away you can see the visor of the command post, here we are already inside.

The walls and steps are lined with natural stone by the Japanese, the masonry has survived to this day, like new.

Let's go up and in front of us is the entire La Perouse Strait, in full view. We go further, here in the underground shelter there is a whole gun, all the levers are still in working order.

Below you can see a hole that goes underground, let's go down, and a whole underworld. Many rooms, manholes. Crossings, stairs and we are again at the top already at the other end of the peninsula, again we go down, again up and again at the other end, along the way there are empty boxes from under the shells, old beds, various devices on the walls, sensors, counters, yesaaaa, for sure You can walk here for weeks to look at everything and find all the loopholes. We crawl out into the white light and return to the camp. In the camp, we will have a bite and again go out for another walk along the cape. In good weather, you can see Japan from Crillon. And we are going to the edge of the cape, and suddenly we are lucky and we will see Japan. First, the island of Rebun will open before our eyes, and then the island of Hokkaido. With binoculars, you can see windmills that glow with multi-colored lights.

We return to the camp to prepare dinner. And while discussing today, we enjoy hot food and delicious tea with bagels.

Daily mileage of radial exits: 6 km.

Day 7

In the morning, after breakfast, we collect things, put on backpacks and again set off along the road to explore the underground passages and “study” military equipment. We will go out on a huge cannon, and in the bamboo we hid from Soviet tanks. We will examine new manholes, trenches, we will find Japanese wash basins that have been preserved in excellent condition.

Further along the road, we will look at the remains of the Siranusi post. The post was founded by the Japanese Matsumae clan from the island of Hokkaido, presumably in the 1750s, in the 1850s the importance of the post began to decrease and the post in Shiranushi was abolished, and the history of the post ended. There is information that in 1925 150 people lived in the village of Siranusi, there were 36 houses. Now at the place of the post you can find many objects of different times, belonging to both the Japanese and Russians, a pedestal from the Kaijima Kinento monument, platforms from the building of the Japanese post, earthen ramparts, which were most likely defensive in nature, concrete structures, firing points of the 2nd world war.

Above the post are the ruins of a crab factory and coastal batteries from IS-3 tanks. By the way, the tanks are mothballed and are in excellent condition.

And then a “ghost ship” appears on the horizon from the fog. Handsome, or rather all that was left of him. The ship is torn into three pieces. This is the bulk carrier Luga, which has been lying here for more than 65 years on the shallows. Seagulls and cormorants have chosen the remains of the ship and arranged a bird market on it.

By the autumn of 1947, the dry-cargo ship Luga was prepared for towing to Vladivostok, and then further to Shanghai for overhaul. The steamer Pyotr Tchaikovsky was entrusted to tow the Luga, but they missed the time and the towing began at the end of October. "Pyotr Tchaikovsky" and "Luga" were picked up by a fierce typhoon off the La Perouse Strait. The tugboat broke and the Luga was thrown onto the Crillon Peninsula between the capes of Maidel and Zamiraylov's head. The damage to the "Luga" was so great that the repair was impractical and they did not try to remove it from the shoal, and that's how it became a home for gulls and cormorants

Lunch stop and photo for memory. And again on the road.

Many bear tracks will accompany us along the way. Previously, there was a reserve on the peninsula, hunting and fishing were prohibited in these collapses, so the bears bred here. We take out the pipes and blow, indicating that we are going here.

We camp on the Zamirailovka River for the night. Hot dinner.

Daily mileage: 14km.

Day 8

In the morning after breakfast, we pack up the camp, put on already lightweight backpacks and hit the road. Today, the path partially passes through the pass, skirting Cape Kuznetsov, as there are impassable passages. The road through the pass is in good condition and will not be difficult to cross.

Cape Kuznetsov is one of the natural monuments about. Sakhalin, got its name in honor of the captain of the 1st rank D. I. Kuznetsov, who commanded the first detachment that sailed to the Far East in 1857 to protect the Russian borders.

We go to the farm. We stop for lunch.

During lunch, we go to look at the Japanese column with hieroglyphs. There are many such columns left on Sakhalin, it indicates the height above sea level.

After lunch, we continue our way to Cape Windis, where we will set up camp. Dinner. Overnight.

Daily mileage: 17 km.

Day 9

In the morning, after breakfast, we go to Kovrizhka.

Mount Kovrizhka got its name because of its shape in the form of a cake, it is located on Cape Windis. Translated from the Ainu language, as "bad dwelling". The cape is 35 km. from the village Shebunino, Kovrizhka itself rises above sea level at an altitude of about 78 m, has an almost perfect round shape with a diameter of more than 100 m. The absolutely flat top of Kovrizhka is known for the fact that archaeological sites of an ancient man were found on it. There are versions that this natural building was used by the Sakhalin aborigines as a fortress, where they escaped from the invasion of strangers, which may be why the name "bad dwelling".

The ascent to Kovrizhka is very steep, it can only be reached by a rope pulled by kind people. Overcoming fear, let's go upstairs and a dizzying view will open before us! Almost the entire South Kamyshevy Ridge is visible on one side, and Cape Kuznetsov on the other.

Lunch and dinner at the camp. Overnight.

Day 10

In the morning after breakfast, we collect the camp, put on backpacks and hit the road.

Today we will pass through an old abandoned village. Which impresses with preserved houses on the seashore in the wilderness, where there are no means of communication.

On the way, another ford of the river Pereputka. During rains, the water level rises strongly, which can create an obstacle. But we have already passed many rivers and streams, and this river is not an obstacle for us!

We will have lunch on the river and continue our way to the Brusnichka river. The path goes along the sandy beach.

We set up camp at the mouth of the Brusnichka river. Dinner. Overnight.

Daily mileage: 16 km

Day 11

Breakfast. Fees on the road. Departure day. Last push. It is a pity to part with the beauty of Crillon. Many places untrodden and unknown to us are left behind. So there is a reason to return!

A bus will be waiting in Shebunino, which will take us to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

Daily mileage: 22 km.

Day 12

Spare day. In case of bad weather, tides and fatigue of the participants. In case of a good pace of passing the route, it will be used as an additional day or as an additional day to distribute the mileage according to the strength of the participants.