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Denmark, Copenhagen

The first botanical garden of the University of Copenhagen - Hortus Medicus - was founded on August 2, 1600 on Skidenstraede (now Krystalgade) - one of the streets of the Danish capital. The king of Denmark and Norway, Christian IV, ordered to allocate a small area of ​​land belonging to the royal family, which previously housed the Zoological Museum, for laying the garden. For one of the professors of the university, who worked on the selection of rare cereal plants, watched the garden and put it in order, a residential house was built in the garden.

For a century this garden existed without any financial investment in its development. They simply weren't provided for until, in 1696, the gardener, Rasmus Caspar Bartholin, founded the Gardener's Wages Fund. One of the outstanding people of his time, Ole Worm (1588-1654), in the 1620s tried to reform education in the disciplines of medicine and botany and drew up a plan for the development of a botanical garden, but the implementation of his plans was very slow. In 1621, Worm personally took over the management of the abandoned garden, planted many local medicinal plants, and also imported rare specimens from abroad, which was facilitated by business contacts abroad.

The second botanical garden of the University of Copenhagen was founded in 1752 by the German-Danish botanist Georg Christian Eder (Georg Christian Oeder) by order of King Frederick V. The garden is located in the new urban area of ​​Frederiksstad (Frederiksstaden). The central street of Copenhagen Amaliegade divided the garden into two parts, the western part occupied 0.41 hectares, and the unused eastern part 0.91 hectares. In the western part, which was never completed, there was a greenhouse, opened to the public in 1763. Eder became the first official director of the garden. To enhance the garden's scientific and economic value, he began work on Flora Danica, an illustrated catalog of all Danish and Norwegian plants.

The garden began to fully function in 1769, when King Christian VII (Christian VII) invested 2,500 Danish dollars in the development of the University and part of these funds went to restore the garden. The next year, the King allowed part of the botanical garden to be attached to the University, because. it became obvious that there was simply nowhere to plant plants in the garden.

In 1778, the King bought the territory of the garden, but provided a modest plot of land near the Charlottenborg Palace for the laying of a new botanical garden. The project for the third botanical garden of the University was approved by the King on July 22, 1778. The leadership of the garden was shared between Christian Friis Rottboll (C.F. Rottboll), elected by the City University, and Johan Theodor Holmskjold, appointed by the King. The "dual power" continued until 1917, then the fundamental documents were changed and the garden began to be managed by autocracy.

The director of the third botanical garden (Charlottenborg Garden), which covered an area of ​​1.6 acres (0.65 ha) in lowland wetlands, was appointed Danish botanist Jens Wilken Hornemann (Jens Wilken Hornemann). The main building of the garden overlooked the Nyhavn Canal, and the Botanical Museum and administration were located in its northern wing. On the top floor was the city library, which later became known as the Botanical Garden Library. The southern wing was used to preserve heat-loving plants in winter time. The first greenhouse, Guiones Koldhus, was built in 1784. Investments of the royal family made it possible to build in 1803 a shed greenhouse, divided into sections, each with an area of ​​96 sq.m. In 1837, the construction of additional greenhouses began, which lasted several years.

The sale of plants and seeds was a well-known practice among European botanical gardens of the time. Inspired by the idea of ​​earning extra income, Professor F. Schouw wanted to follow the example of his colleagues. However, in 1841 the garden was forbidden to engage in this type of commercial activity.

During its existence Botanical Garden Charlottenborg has implemented several successful projects. In 1770, the first independent printed edition of the Botanical Gardener appeared. In 1778, the administration of the garden hired Professor Martin Weil (M. Vahl) to work on its development. He moved plants from two old gardens in Charlottenborg, and later established his authority in the botanical community with the release of a catalog of plants growing in the garden. With the advent of the printed edition, the formation of the Office of Taxonomy began, which has been operating for 200 years.

Another person of that time deserves to be mentioned - the gardener F.L. Holboel (F.L. Holboell), who looked after the garden from 1793 to 1829. He personally wrote several books describing the plants of the botanical garden, and also compiled the first catalog of seeds, which was then constantly updated.

J.F. Shaw (J.F. Schouw) served as director of the garden from 1841 to 1852. During this time, some significant changes took place, including the annual updating and reprinting of seed catalogs and the establishment of a new section of the garden dedicated to native species, of which there were a total of 570.

By that time, the conditions for the development of the collection in the Charlottenborg garden had become limited, and, already from 1842, it became necessary to move the garden to another place.

The fourth botanical garden of the University of Copenhagen was created in accordance with the published Regulations establishing its boundaries of July 6, 1867, in which it was determined that an area of ​​​​more than 11.6 hectares should be allocated for the garden. After property rights issues were settled, the Government introduced a budget line item for 1871-1872, providing the University with $35,000 to develop land on the site of the eastern fortifications that had hitherto surrounded the city.

Landscape designer H. Flindt presented the project for the future garden and surrounding area, while head gardener Tyge Rothe and entrepreneur J.K. Jacobsen (J. C. Jacobsen) planned and coordinated the construction of the greenhouse (1872-1874). The architect of the Palm Greenhouse was Peter Christian Bonnecke. The conservatory was an impressive structure, especially by the standards of the time, and was made of wood, glass and wrought iron over an area of ​​2,400 sq.m.

The garden was opened on October 9, 1874, 274 years after the founding of the first Hortus Medicus botanical garden. It suffered unfortunate cuts in area due to the construction of the nearby Technical University (1904-1905) and later the Department of Biology (1955-1957). On October 9, 1905, as compensation, the garden was allowed to lease the adjacent territory from the Soelvgade street, but with the condition that the main route will pass across the garden from the main entrance to the gate that overlooks this street. The new area was used for growing perennials and was further expanded in 1963. Now one of the most interesting collections of the garden is assembled here. When the garden celebrated its centenary in 1974, the city authorities announced that he could lease the land for life, ie. for an unlimited period.

Despite all efforts to preserve the historical appearance of the garden, after certain time there was a need to move flower beds to more favorable areas for the growth and development of plants in the garden. Garden architects and landscape designers planned the road and path network to promote exploration and ease planting care.

In the 1960s it became obvious that the garden buildings and greenhouses were outdated, and many even collapsed. Over the next many years, they were periodically updated and restored. Over time, all the greenhouses were either rebuilt or rebuilt. Special attention designers devoted to the restoration of the Palm Greenhouse (1980-1982). In 1959, 1973 and 1980, arctic, alpine and low-temperature greenhouses appeared in the garden, and three experimental greenhouses were built in 1963 and 1980. One of them, paired with an alpine greenhouse, was donated by the Carlsberg Foundation for the centenary of the garden.

In 1975, the House of the Chief Gardener was transformed into an administrative office building, and the reconstruction of the Palm Greenhouse led to the fact that a new central heating station appeared with workshops for gardeners, and the engine room turned into a warehouse for tools and equipment.

Evergreen trees and shrubs do not tolerate the conditions of the city and often fall out, so back in 1904 it was decided to create their own nursery in the garden. Subsequently, several arboretums appeared here. with total area 5.4 ha, including the Christiansminde nursery established in 1971.

Since 1874, with the support of the City Development Department, the garden has been research work. In order to protect the garden from attempts to take away its lands, on January 31, 1977, a resolution was adopted to consider the territory of the garden to be specially protected. The existing botanical garden, as well as areas that may be annexed in the future, are included in the Declaration of Conservation and Protection, which guarantees the garden's long-term prosperity.

The largest exposition of plants is presented in the garden. Moreover, there are both annual and perennial plants. Its total area is about 10 hectares. On the territory of about 3000 thousand square kilometers there is a huge glass greenhouse. This is a copy of London's Crystal Palace.

Over 13,000 species of plants are represented in this garden. From beautiful orchids to cacti. Endangered plant species are kept in a special closed pavilion. For those who want to see the plants with their own eyes, this can be done on Wednesdays, Saturdays and Sundays.

The entrance to the Botanical Garden in Denmark is free and it works around the clock in summer and winter schedule. Photo and video shooting for tourists is allowed. But for video and photo shooting for various magazines and TV shows is prohibited. It is necessary to negotiate with the administration.

Botanical Garden

The Royal Conservatory is located on the premises. Its length is 94 meters, and the greenhouse is divided into 5 sectors, each of which has different climatic conditions. The greenhouse was built in 1872. And later, similar greenhouses began to open all over the world.

In the greenhouses of this garden, you can find both very beautiful plants and plants that look a little strange. In one greenhouse there are many butterflies that can be seen if you approach very quietly.

There are greenhouses in the garden, entry to which is prohibited. Representatives of the flora from Madagascar, orchids from Thailand, and representatives of the savannas live in them. All these plants are now under the threat of complete extinction. A few more structures cannot be visited due to various experiments being carried out in them. In the garden there are special lawns on which tourists can sit.

In general, the botanical garden in Denmark is very beautiful and diverse. It is visited by lovers of rare plant species, as well as those who simply like to admire nature in its original form. The uniqueness and naturalness is what attracts tourists to this place for many years.

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The Copenhagen Botanical Garden covers an area of ​​10 hectares and is located in the city center. It was opened in 1600, but received its current location only in 1870. The Botanical Garden is considered part of the Danish Museum of Natural History, which is part of the University of Copenhagen.

The first botanical garden was opened at the request of King Christian IV, apparently to preserve the collection of medicinal plants. At that time, the botanical garden was located on Skidenstrede Street (now - Krustalgade Street). The second botanical garden was founded already during the reign of Frederick V in 1852, the work was led by Georg Christian Eder. The garden was opened only in 1763, and in 1770 part of it was transferred to the possession of the University.

Currently, more than 13 thousand species of plants from all over the world grow in the Botanical Garden. There are several zones in the garden: Danish plants, perennials, annuals, plants mountainous areas Central and Southern Europe, conifers and rhododendrons. The most ancient is taxodium (growing since 1806).

On the territory of the Botanical Garden you can find many interesting buildings, including: National Gallery Denmark, Rosenborg Castle. Nearby is the Town Hall Square with many beautiful buildings.

Hotels near the Botanical Gardens (Ibsens Hotel, Hotel Kong Arthur, First Hotel Skt Petri, Hotel Christian IV, Generator Hostel Copenhagen, Hotel Fox, First Hotel G & Suites) are ready to provide convenient accommodation conditions: proximity to the metro station and major attractions, comfortable rooms.

Copenhagen is one of the most expensive cities in Europe, but there are many sights to see for free and many places to visit for free. To help those who want to save money, we have compiled the top 10 places where you can go without money.

Walking tours

Free walking tours of Copenhagen run daily in any weather. The only condition is that there must be at least five tourists.

Excursion "Classic Copenhagen" starts from the town hall (Rådhus) at 11.00 and lasts about three hours. The route passes through the main sights of the capital of Denmark: the Stroget pedestrian area, the Tivoli amusement park (outside), the Nyhavn embankment and Amalienborg Palace.

In Christianshavn free hiking starts daily at 16:00 from the statue of Absalon on Højbro Plads in the city center. The tour passes through the Christianshavn area and ends in the "free city of Christiania".

All excursions on the English language. If you liked the guide, you can give him a tip.

observation decks

Always interesting enjoy bird's-eye views of the city. In Copenhagen, one of the best viewing platforms is located on the tower of Christiansborg Palace (its height is 106 m). From here opens beautiful view on the roofs of old Copenhagen. The tower has been open to the public since June 2014. The entrance to the tower is located at the Royal Gate, this is a large gate in the center of the palace (immediately below the tower).

Tower open for visits from 11.00 to 21.00 daily, except Monday. The entrance is free. Climb to observation deck You can only take the elevator, the stairs are closed. Sometimes there are queues as there is very little space for visitors upstairs.

Christiansborg Palace itself(Christiansborg Slot), founded in 1167, is also very beautiful. Now the Folketinget, the Danish Parliament, is sitting here, and the prime minister's office and the Supreme Court are also located here.

Admire the city you can also from the city hall Københavns Rådhus (105.6 m), but you will have to pay about 30 Danish kroner (4 euros) for this.

Botanical Garden

Botanical Garden occupies 10 hectares in the very center of Copenhagen. It was created in 1600, but has since moved twice. It has been at this location since 1870. The entrance is free.

In the botanical garden- more than 13 thousand species of plants, including 600 species growing in Denmark. There are rock gardens with plants from the mountainous regions of Central and Southern Europe, an arboretum and a garden of rhododendrons, as well as 27 greenhouses. The largest (16 m high) is the Palm House, founded in 1874. There are greenhouses with cacti and succulents, orchids, begonias and bromeliads.

Working hours Botanical Garden Copenhagen. From May 1 to September 30: from 8:30 to 18:00. From October 1 to April 30 - from 8:30 to 16.00. Seven days a week. The Palm Greenhouse is open from April 1 to September 30 from 10:00 to 15:00 daily, and is closed on Mondays from October 1 to March 31. Other greenhouses are only open a few hours a week. Toilets are located next to the Palm House. Nørreport metro station is located 100 meters from the Botanical Garden (from the side of the Palm House).

Nyhavn

colorful harbor Nyhavn, consisting of cafes and restaurants, is one of the main attractions of Copenhagen. It was created in 1670 at the direction of the Danish king Christian V, who ordered a canal to be dug from the Øresund straight to the doorstep. royal palace Charlottenborg. True, the harbor was quickly chosen by sailors who came here for beer and prostitutes.

However, the city authorities put things in order and turned Nyhavn into a gathering place for artists, writers, and musicians. In summer, the harbor is crowded with people drinking beer and enjoying the sun. In Nyhavn, the famous storyteller Hans Christian Andersen lived in house number 20, and in house number 18 he passed away.

note and the red and white Gedser Rev, a lightship built in 1895. On Saturdays from 11.00 to 15.00 in June, July and August the ship is open to visitors. At the end of November, a Christmas market opens here.

Danish National Museum

Danish National Museum(Nationalmuseet) - the largest museum of the cultural history of Denmark. Here are collected rich archaeological, ethnographic, numismatic natural science collections, there is even a large exposition of dolls. Exhibits - from the Stone Age and the Viking Age to the present. The list of the most interesting exhibits includes golden horns from Gallehus (copy) dating back to the 5th century, a silver cauldron from Gundestrup, created around the 1st century BC. BC e., solar wagon - miniature sculptural image carts of the Bronze Age (XVIII-XVII centuries BC), etc.

Complete all halls in one day almost impossible, so you should either immediately choose the most interesting for yourself, or plan several visits.

Working hours Danish national museum: from 10.00 to 17.00 daily, except Monday. At the entrance there are free lockers where you can leave things and outerwear.

Museum of Fine Arts and arts and crafts Davids Samling is opposite royal garden Rosenborg. It was created from a private collection amassed by the lawyer and businessman Christian Ludwig David (1878–1960).

In the collection of Islamic art VIII-XIX centuries - about 4 thousand exhibits, this is one of the largest collections of this kind not only in Northern Europe, but also in the world. The museum also exhibits a collection of European fine and applied art of the 18th century (furniture, porcelain, silverware, etc.), as well as a small collection of Danish contemporary art.

The museum is located at Kronprinsessegade 30 in the center of Copenhagen. The Davids Samling Museum is open from 10.00 to 17.00 (on Wednesdays - until 21.00) daily, except Monday. The entrance is free. There is a small souvenir shop and toilets in the lobby.

Christiania

free city Christiania (Fristaden Christiania) occupies 34 hectares in the very center of Copenhagen. It's strange but interesting place, "a state within a state" with its own rules - cars, hard drugs, firearms and body armor are prohibited here. About 850 people live in this partly self-governing area.

On pusher street(Pusher Street) there is a brisk trade in light drugs, there are also several catering establishments and shops with handicrafts. Taking pictures is strictly prohibited.

But don't limit yourself visiting only this site, take a walk along the numerous paths of Christiania, which resembles great Russian gardening - quite solid houses alternate with crooked temporary huts, posters with calls for cleanliness hang over the garbage dumps, and the front gardens are fenced with assorted fences and small fences.

In this part you can take pictures, but don't point your lenses at the residents. The nearest metro station is Christianshavn St.

castellet

Fortress Kastellet(1662), built in the form of a five-pointed star, is one of the best preserved fortifications in Northern Europe. The perimeter of the fort is completely surrounded by water.

Now it's one of the most beautiful places in the town. It's nice to walk along the shaft, take pictures against the background of the mill, feed the ducks. However, you should not go to the lawn where the mill stands - the soldier guarding the territory will immediately ask you to return to the path - in this historical monument and now there is a military garrison.

Often here in the summer concerts and performances. So, the Royal Danish Ballet performs here every year in early June (admission is free).

Fortress Kastellet located near the center of Copenhagen, you can go here on the way to the famous Little Mermaid.

Black brilliant

The new building of the Royal Library, or "Black Diamond" (Den Sorte Diamant), built in 1999. The building got its name for its appearance - it is built of black marble and glass.

Royal Library- one of the largest in the world - all the works printed in Denmark since the 17th century are stored here. It is interesting to walk around the library - from the new building you can get into the historical old one, the entrance is free, but some rooms are only allowed in with library cards.

There are regular exhibitions, many of them free. On the ground floor you can drink coffee and enjoy cakes and desserts. The building also houses concert hall. And be sure to look into the toilet - the designers did their best there.

The Black Diamond is within walking distance of the city center. Exhibitions are open from 10.00 to 17.00 from Monday to Saturday. The library building is open from 8.00 to 21.00 from Monday to Saturday (in July - August - from 8.00 to 19.00).

Dyrehave Deer Park

deer park Jægersborg Dyrehave in the north of Copenhagen is one of the most beautiful in Denmark. It occupies about 11 km2 and is famous for its centuries-old oaks and noble deer and fallow deer, which walk here on free grazing.

Dyrehave was created back in 1669 for the personal hunting of the Danish king Frederick III, but since 1756 it has been open to everyone. The main entrance is next to Klampenborg station.

At the entrance you can take free booklet with park plan. locals often come here to ride a bike, take a horseback ride, run kites. And under the trees in summer, many people have picnics.

Here is located and Bakken, Denmark's oldest amusement park, built in 1583. It is still considered one of the best children's parks. Bakken is open from May to August from 12.00 to 24.00 (on Sundays - until 22.00). Entrance to Bakken is also free, but you will have to pay for the rides.

Get to Klampenborg, where this park is located, possible by train Central Station, S-train line C. Travel time - 20 minutes. From the station, you can also walk to Bellevue beach on the shores of the Öresund Strait in a couple of minutes.

The botanical garden is across the street from Rosenborg Castle. From railway station you can also walk to this area on foot through the University of Copenhagen, we got on the 6th bus, in fact, we got into the first one that came in about that direction. In any case, you will be approaching Rosenborg Castle. Geolocation has been enabled on the iPhone and google maps showed that we are going in the right direction. We made a scan on the bus and loaded the program from bus routes Copenhagen. And it became completely clear.
Our Copenhagen card ended at 13 o'clock, we decided to first take a walk in the Botanical Garden, and then go to the castle. The card was valid until 13-00 and it was important to enter the castle before 13, but you could stay in it as long as your heart desires.
There was some kind of warning sign at the entrance to the garden, but the employee allowed us to enter. We were not asked for a ticket. Probably March is not yet a paid season, and perhaps paid admission is only to greenhouses where tropical plants are presented. I can’t say that we were not interested in tropical plants at all, but due to limited time, we did not plan to examine them.
It was much more interesting to enjoy the plants that winter in the northern country, and that which blooms very first. The Alpine hill at our dacha is at the project stage, and a gardener friend gave certain parting words in this direction.

Rhododendrons at the end of March were already fragrant in all their glory. There are several types of rhododendrons, worker bees darted between us and flowering plants, we even managed to take one photo-mrdel. In my youth, when I traveled to the North Caucasus and Ossetia, I saw a lot of rhododendrons, but they did not bloom, I just imagined how beautiful it is there at the time of flowering. And the blooming rhododendrons were another pleasant surprise on this trip.
I captured the Alpine slides from all sides, except for the beautiful flowers, the nameplates also got into the frame, and this is exactly what pleased my husband, the pebbles have been waiting for a long time to go into action. Unexpectedly for me, my son also took a series of his pictures. I remember in Barcelona with him it was in gothic quarter in the Cathedral. While I was looking at the iconostasis, I took the iPhone for a few minutes, and in the evening I discovered a collection of excellent photos.
In the garden, I saw flowering trees, the existence of which in nature I did not even suspect, although the biology teacher gave me to the mathematics teacher for the Olympiads with great difficulty, the Olympiads in these subjects were held on the same day.

The son asked what it was and plants and had to come closer and read with a smart look. What an amazing and beautiful life! So much more room for improvement.
I think that in April the botanical garden in Copenhagen is especially good when most of the trees and bushes bloom.
In the city park next to the botanical garden, we found such an unusual tree.

Children part with their sweets at his place. In Legoland, I saw a chest with a pirate. In which the baby puts her pacifiers, saying goodbye to them. So I imagine the picture - where is the wasteland? Uncle Pirate took! I think there is some legend about the tree. If anyone knows, write in the comments!