What is the name of the mountain in Almaty. mountains of almaty
ALMA-ATA (Kazakh - Almaty), a city at the northern foot of the Zailiysky Alatau, on the rivers Bolshaya and Malaya Almatinka (Republic of Kazakhstan). Founded in 1854 as a Russian military fortification, since 1867 the city of Verny has been the center of the Semirechensk region as part of the Turkestan Governor General. Since 1921 A.-A. In 1929-36, the capital of the Kazakh ASSR as part of the RSFSR, in 1936-90 - the Kazakh SSR (since 1990 the Republic of Kazakhstan). In 1991-98 the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Almaty is quite interesting city Kazakhstan, which until 1997 was the capital of the country, and which is currently unofficially recognized southern capital republics. Almaty still retains those important metropolitan qualities that have been formed in it during its stay as the main center of the republic. However, despite the fact that it is no longer such, the city has not lost its charm and attractiveness, remaining as valuable for the people and the country as it was many years ago.
The city is located at the foot of the Zailiysky Alatau Mountains in the extreme southeast of the republic, at the northernmost Tien Shan ridge, it rises from 600 to 1650 meters above sea level. The city has a sharply continental climate, the air temperature varies dramatically not only during the year, but also during the day. There are several small rivers in Almaty, among which the Bolshaya and Malaya Almatinka, as well as their tributaries, stand out. The main water resources of the city are rivers and lakes.
Now Almaty is the most important state, cultural and scientific center, where the main universities of the country, the Academy of Sciences, national theaters, as well as hundreds of monuments and fountains are located. Almaty is also the sports capital of Kazakhstan, it is here that the Asian Winter Games will be held in 2011.
Population
The total number of city residents according to 2009 data was 1,365,105 people, however, this figure may not be entirely accurate, since in addition to registered citizens, there are also a large number of illegal migrants who came to the city in search of work or simply a better life; it is about 13%. Thus, the number of inhabitants of the city can reach 2 million people. The population density is 4,379 people/sq.km. By national composition the city is quite multinational, representatives of such nations as Kazakhs, Russians, Uighurs, Tatars, Koreans, Germans, Ukrainians, Turks and others live here. People here speak different languages, the prevailing of which are Kazakh and Russian. The city is characterized by polyconfessionality. Adherents of such world religions as Islam (specifically Sunnism), Christianity (Orthodoxy, Protestantism and Catholicism), Judaism and other less common beliefs live and work here.
Alma-Ata was the last capital and largest city Kazakh SSR
Name
On site modern city already in the late Middle Ages there was a settlement of Turkic and Mongolian nomads. At that time it was called Almaty. More new story begins for the city in 1854, when on the site of the settlement of Kazakh nomads Almaty (translated as "apple tree"), a Russian military fortification called Zailiyskoye was built, later renamed Verny, then in 1867 - Almaty, then Verny. In 1921 the city was given the name Alma-Ata. Literally, this name can be translated as “Apple-Grandfather”, since “alma” in Kazakh means “apple”, while in Soviet publications the name of the city was translated more poetically - “Father of Apples”. Since 1993, the city has been officially called Almaty in Kazakh and Russian languages. At present, it is this name that is correct, although the old name Alma-Ata is widespread in Russia.
History of the city of Almaty
The first settlements of early farmers and pastoralists on the territory of Almaty appeared in the 10th-9th centuries BC. Other historical sources prove that here in the 6th - 3rd centuries BC. there were settlements of the famous tribes of the Saks, and later the Usuns. The most significant finds relating to this period are the Saka mounds, the largest of which reached 20 meters in height, and the diameter at the base was over 100 meters. They were located mainly along the banks of the Bolshaya and Malaya Almatinka, Vesnovka, and Aksai rivers. In the 8th - 10th centuries, several urban settlements were founded in this region. And one of them just bore the name "Almaty". This settlement was quite prosperous, since in ancient times it lay on the segment of the famous Great Silk Road between Europe and China. The 13th century turned out to be difficult for Almaty, when, like many cities, Central Asia, was destroyed by the militant army of Genghis Khan. Later, with the decline of the Great Silk Road, the city completely lost any significance and in its place in the 16th century a typical village was formed.
Main Post Office. 1931 - 34. Architect G. G. Gerasimov.
A new life for a small settlement began on February 4, 1854, when the Russians erected a military fortification on this site. 470 soldiers and officers of the Russian army settled here. Since 1855, the settlement began to grow dynamically, mainly due to the presence of Russian settlers here. From now on, the city began to actively develop: the Bolshaya and Malaya Almaty villages, the Tatarskaya Slobidka, the “Kazenny Garden” (now the Central Park of Culture and Recreation) arose. In 1858, with the opening of the first brewery, a local manufacturing industry began to develop. In 1859, 5 thousand people already lived in the city, in 1860 the first hospital and post office were opened.
In April 1867, Verny became the center of the Semirechensk region as part of the Turkestan Governor General.
On May 28, 1887, there was a powerful earthquake that claimed the lives of 322 people and destroyed 1,798 brick houses. In memory of the tragedy, people built a small chapel, which, unfortunately, was demolished in 1927. Soon after the earthquake, a seismic and meteorological station was formed in the city, and houses began to be built taking into account seismicity and mainly from wood. So, large wooden buildings of the city were built - the House of the Regiment of the Military Assembly, the Cathedral, the House of the Public Assembly.
In 1918, Soviet power came to Verny. The city and the region became part of the Turkestan Autonomy (TASSR) within the RSFSR. On April 3, 1927, the capital of the Kazak ASSR was moved from Kyzylorda to Alma-Ata, which caused the further development of the city in all areas of its life. Alma-Ata also remained the capital of the newly formed Kazakh SSR in 1936, and of independent Kazakhstan in 1991.
Sights of Almaty.
Kok-Tobe. Translated from Kazakh, it is “Green Hill”, in the middle of the 20th century it was called “Verigina Gora”. This hill is located not far from Almaty, practically at the foot there are residential areas. The mountain rises to 1130 meters above sea level. Kok-Tobe is one of the main attractions of the city, as well as a place of republican importance. Here, right on its slopes, is the famous television tower of Almaty, 372 meters high. You can climb the hill highway, or through cable car built back in 1967. As it is called in the common people, the “cable car” passes over a part of the old city built up with private houses, often called “compote”. District got it unusual name thanks to the fruit streets that make it up: Apple, Pear and others.
Almaty TV tower
In the spring of 2004, an unpleasant event occurred on Mount Kok-Tobe: after heavy rains, the ground began to crack, the ground came down, and the buildings built on the hill collapsed. There was a real threat of a landslide, which would have caused enormous damage to the residential areas located at the foot. Therefore, the local authorities, in order to avoid such an emergency situation, decided to close the mountain. Work began to keep the soil from further slipping. Today, the "restored" mountain Kok-Tobe is open again for visitors and delights them with its bright green slopes.
Almaty TV tower. The TV and radio broadcasting tower is located on the slopes of Mount Kok-Tobe. Its height is 372 meters, there are two observation decks, which can be reached by high-speed elevators. However, despite all the conditions provided, the tower is closed to tourists. The structure was erected between 1975 and 1983 and is one of the most earthquake-resistant buildings in the world.
Palace of the Republic. The Palace of the Republic is located at the intersection of Dostyk Avenue and Abay Avenue. The main purpose of the palace is to hold concerts, festivals and other cultural events. The building has been the pride of Almaty since the reign of Dinmukhamed Kunaev. On the square in front of the palace you can see fountains and a monument to the Kazakh poet Abai Kunanbayev. The history of the palace begins in 1970, when it was still called the Lenin Palace of Culture. In 1971, its creators (V. Yu. Alle, V. N. Kim, Yu. G. Ratushny, N. I. Ripinsky, A. G. Sokolov, L. L. Ukhobotov and others) for their marble work of art were awarded the State Prize of the USSR.
Monument to the Beatles
Monument to the Beatles. It is the first monument to the world-famous Liverpool Four, erected on the territory of the CIS. The monument is quite young. It was installed only in 2007, it is located on the mountain Kok-Tobe. The author of the bronze Beatles was Eduard Kazaryan. The composition shows only John Lennon seated, with a guitar in his hand. If desired, you can sit next to the metal "double" of the musician. George Harrison, Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney are shown standing.
Park named after 28 Panfilov Guardsmen. The park is located in the Medeu district of the city, covers an area of 18 hectares. In the park you can see various tree species: elm, oak, aspen, maple, pine, spruce, as well as a complex of structures that give the already picturesque park an even more impressive look. Among the buildings of the park, one can single out Voznesensky Cathedral, Memorial of Glory, House of Officers, Museum of Folk Musical Instruments named after Ykylas, Monument to IV Panfilov.
The park was founded in the 70s of the 19th century, when Verny itself was still under construction. The name of the park has changed many times for more than a century of existence. This park was both Pushkin Garden, and the Park of the Fallen for Freedom, and the Federation Park, until, finally, it began to honor with its name 28 soldiers of the 1075th regiment of the 316th division, who accomplished a feat in the defense of Moscow during the Great Patriotic War.
Zenkov Cathedral in Almaty.
Ascension Cathedral. This cathedral is Russian Orthodox Church located in the center of the park. A unique wooden structure built in 1904-1907 by the famous architect A.P. Zenkov, became an excellent example of an earthquake-resistant structure, which in 1911 withstood a strong earthquake of 10 points. The height of the temple is 54 meters. Internal organization the cathedral was made in the art workshops of Moscow and Kyiv. The painting of the iconostasis was carried out by the artist N.G. Khludov. It was used as a religious institution until 1927. During the reign of Soviet power, the building of the cathedral housed a museum of local lore. In 1995, the temple was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, and in 1997, after thorough restoration work, bells began to ring here again and Orthodox services were held.
In 2007, the National Bank of Kazakhstan issued a 500 tenge coin with the Orthodox Ascension Cathedral on the reverse. 4000 silver coins were issued in order to help expand the understanding of the entire culture of Kazakhstan, to promote the presentation of religion as a peaceful doctrine of the spiritual and moral self-improvement of the individual. The obverse of the coin depicts the coat of arms of Kazakhstan.
Memorial of Glory. It was built in 1975 on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Victory in the park of 28 Panfilov Guardsmen, in the same year the Eternal Flame was lit. The opening of the memorial took place on May 8, 1975. The first part of it is the high relief "Oath" (on the left side) - it is dedicated to young fighters for Soviet power in Kazakhstan. The central part of the triptych "Feat" captured the images of the heroes who defended Moscow at the cost of their own lives. On the right is the composition Trumpeters of Glory, which gives the whole memorial an optimistic sound, its images embody the anthem of triumphant life. At eternal flame there are massive cubes of labradorite, under which capsules with earth delivered from hero cities are walled up.
Museum of Folk Musical Instruments named after Ykylas
House of officers. The former building of the district officers' house was built in 1978, the authors of which were Yu. G. Ratushny, O. N. Balykbaev, T. E. Eraliev. The house is located near the eastern entrance to the park named after 28 Panfilov guardsmen. The building is a magnificent architectural landmark of the city. Stone, aluminum, decorative plastics, synthetic materials, leather and other materials were used in interior decoration. The strict combination of colors of the white shell rock of the attic floor with black veins of flagstone gives the building a special solemn look.
Museum of Folk Musical Instruments named after Ykylas. Today the museum is housed in the former House of Officers' Assembly, which was built in 1908, but the museum has been operating since 1980. All kinds of musical instruments, mainly Kazakh, are collected here - the pride of the Kazakh people. In the past, many outstanding folk singers, poets, composers used them when composing new musical works of art and simply to the delight of the listeners. Over a thousand exhibits are stored in the Almaty Museum, which are of particular interest and value to true admirers of this kind of art. The interior of the museum is decorated in the traditional Kazakh style, using the motifs of such folk patterns as agash - the tree of life, shynzhara - running waves, uzilmes - a winding stem.
Central mosque. The mosque was built in July 1999 and this moment is the most grandiose monument in Kazakhstan - a symbol of the Muslim religion. The building is finished with marble and colored tiles reflecting national culture countries. A huge blue dome rises above the mosque, and next to it there is a minaret 47 meters high.
Monument of Independence. As if emerging from the pages of history, this monument has become a kind of mirror reflecting the entire historical chronicle development and formation of the Kazakh people and Kazakhstan since the time of the ancient queen of the Saka tribe Tomaris, and ending with the present time. In the center of the complex is the symbol of independence - the "Golden Warrior".
Medeo. Medeo is a sports complex built in 1972 in the gorge of the same name, located 15 km from the city. The peculiarity of the Medeo skating rink is that it is located at an altitude of 1500 m above sea level, a special role is played by the quality of ice, based only on the purest mountain water without impurities of any salts, and rarefied air. Interestingly, 126 world records have been set on the high-mountain skating rink in 33 years. From this, the skating rink is also called the "factory of records". In the 1990s, Medeo was the venue for the international music festival Voice of Asia. December 16, 2009 sports complex, as well as ski resort Chimbulak, located a little higher, was reopened after reconstruction.
In 2011, it is planned to hold competitions in speed skating and bandy on the ice of the Medeo sports complex under the program of the VII Asian Winter Games.
Fountains of Almaty. Today in the city of Almaty there are more than 120 fountains, 61 of which are in communal ownership. In conjunction with an extensive network of ditches, fountains create a single complex of reservoirs and watercourses of the city.
The first fountain in Almaty appeared in 1948, it laid the foundation for the so-called "fountain cult" in the city. As a result, every year May 25 is celebrated as Fountain Day, when at 9 pm a water show starts in every fountain in the city. Every year from May 25 to September 15, the fountains operate regularly from 10 am to 2 am.
Monuments of Almaty. The city has a huge number of monuments erected in honor of various figures of culture, art and politics, or a specific event. Here you can find a monument for every taste and color, any size, made of any material. None of the guests of the city will remain dissatisfied - each monument has something exceptional, the sculptors approached the design of each of them individually.
Hi friends!
Those who have been reading me for more or less a long time have probably noticed that in my travel notes I often refer to mountains. I especially start to miss them, being somewhere in warm beach regions, such as. It just so happened that it was the mountains of Almaty that became for me a guide to the world of adventure and some special inner honesty that romantic vagabonds love to sing about.
landscapes two hours walk from Medeo
This is my favorite type of mountain vacation. I wouldn’t even call it a vacation, because often after such a vacation I don’t want to leave the house for another week.
There are plenty of opportunities to hike and track in our mountains. But there are also limitations: do not go far to the south - you can accidentally violate the border with Kyrgyzstan; to the west, be careful too, because there is the Almaty Reserve, which requires passes for legitimate entry.
About how I already wrote. Here I will add that there are few places in the world where there are still such opportunities: at 12 noon to sit in the city center in a coffee shop, and in 2 hours already be at an altitude of 3200. Alas, many native Almaty residents do not understand this.
somewhere in the heart of the Zailiyskiy Alatau
But foreigners are completely delighted. I once showed a guy in Malaysia a photo of a mountain view from my window. He reacted very positively: "If I had such a view, I would not go anywhere."
Rent a house in the mountains and indulge in contemplation
Often there is such an option - to rent a cottage or a house in the mountains (more precisely, in the foothills) and enjoy the surrounding silence and the idyllic atmosphere of the found refuge.
There is a more direct way - to rent a hotel room! Just the widget with offers scrolled closer to the mountains. There is also Shymbulak and even the SNeG hotel at an altitude of 2900 m.
This is, of course, an option for those who are looking for a more measured and calm acquaintance with the mountains. Not everyone can carry tents with sleeping mats and sleeping bags.
How to get to the mountains?
The Trans-Ili Alatau is a fairly long range. And outside the city of Almaty, you can drive up to it from almost any gorge, especially if you use your own transport. So, for example, we went to (although this is no longer the Trans-Ili, but the Kungei Alatau, but anyway, ideologically it is somehow closer to us than to Kyrgyzstan),
Within the same city with mountains bus service two gorges are connected:
- Small-Almaty. The 12th bus from the hotel "Kazakhstan" goes here (get off at the terminal, opposite the legendary Medeo ice rink). From here you can easily reach ski resort Shymbulak, and any other nearby ridges, valleys and valleys. Marked in blue on the map.
- Big Almaty. You can get here by bus 28, which is easy to catch near the Park of the First President (PPP). From the final one, you can walk to the Big Almaty Lake (BAO), or to the wild and very beautiful Prohodnoye Gorge (we like to call it “Alma-arasan”).
Actually, most of the mountain routes near Almaty start from the end of these two buses. Here, look at the map.
Everyone will probably agree that the main attraction of Almaty is the picturesque mountains. The favorable location at the foot of the Zailiysky Alatau easily allows the residents of the city to get out into nature and conquer one of mountain peaks. We are in the editorial office of "Let's Go!" decided to figure out what was what and make a list of five simple one-day routes for ordinary people.
In the article, we tried to convey the answers to the most common questions about mountain walks: a detailed description of five routes, tips for beginners on what to take with you to the mountains and what time of the year is best to plan outings.
Route 1: Kok-Zhailau
Kok-Zhailau, or Green Pasture, is one of the most beautiful places in the mountains of Almaty. It retains its attractiveness for lovers of walks in the mountains throughout almost the entire year, with a few exceptions in spring and early summer, when the season of tick activity begins.
There are two popular routes to get to Kok-Zhailau: the first one starts from the Prosveshchenets sanatorium (buses 6 and 12, stop "Rodnik"), the second, longer one, starts from the Big Almaty Gorge, turn left after the ecopost, go on the way to the Kumbel hotel, then up into the gorge.
The first route to Kok-Zhailau:
The second route to Kok-Zhailau:
Route 2: Furmanov Peak
This peak requires a certain physical preparation. The path starts from the ecological post (with a barrier), which is located one and a half kilometers from the VSK "Medeu". Above the post begins the Kim-Asar gorge, which is very popular among our tourists. There are many beautiful places for recreation in the gorge, so even if you don’t go to the peak, a walk along the gorge will bring a lot of pleasure. After the asphalt road ends, a good dirt path begins, which leads to the ridge leading to Furmanov Peak. Go further up the ridge, soon you will see the famous swings, this place is called "Flag".
The place is picturesque enough to admire the scenery and rest, move on. Further you will expect a steep climb leading to a wide clearing, on the right side of which a view of the Panorama opens.
Route 3: Butakovskiye waterfalls
Two waterfalls - Lower (Big) and Upper are located in the Butakovo Gorge. Getting to the falls is quite easy. It is convenient to start the path to them from the second barrier in the Butakovo Gorge, having reached it by car. If you want to do without a car, then you can get to the turn to Butakovka on the 29th bus. Further, having reached the first barrier, you should pay for the passage to Butakovka. After passing the first fence, you need to go to the second, behind which, after two kilometers, there will be the Extreme base, from it along the path about 800 meters is the Lower Butakovskiy waterfall.
The path to the Upper Falls also starts from the Extreme Base, upstream of the Butakovka River. The distance between the two waterfalls is about three kilometers, and from the base - two kilometers.
Route 4: Mynzhilki
The Mynzhilki tract is located at an altitude of 3100 meters above sea level. The easiest way to get to it is the road starting from VSK "Medeu". Next, you should climb to the Chimbulak ski resort, from which go up the road for 5.7 kilometers on foot. Please note that the route is prone to avalanches, namely after snowfalls and in spring.
If you have the strength to go even higher, then from Mynzhilka you can climb to the Tuyuksu-1 glaciological station (3400 m) or to the Alpingrad glade (3450 m).
Route 5: Forest Pass
This pass is located in the eastern watershed of the Butakovo Gorge. It connects the Butakovo gorge and the Kotyrbulak gorge in the area tourist base"Almatau".
Available for hiking all year round, however, avalanches are possible in winter, be vigilant.
We advise you to start your journey from the car park near former base"Labor reserves", having overcome approximately 9 km along the Butakovka Gorge from the left turn, to Butakovka, from the road leading to Medeo. Further one and a half kilometers along the road with a slope, we turn left into the gorge, it will be necessary to cross the river. The ascent to the Forest Pass is quite easy and takes two kilometers, you need to climb along the path. From the pass, the peaks of Kumbeltau, Tereshkova and Kumbel are clearly visible.
- The weather in the mountains is different from that in the city. Be sure to take a jacket and a raincoat with you in case of sudden rain.
- If you are going to be hiking most of the day, bring a flashlight with you. The way back can take place at dusk, without good lighting there is a chance of getting lost.
- Warn someone you know before you leave. Namely, share the basic information of your trip: where and for how long.
- It is undesirable to make trips to the mountains alone.
- Don't forget to bring some food and water with you. After the meal, be sure to remove the remaining garbage.
- Take care of good and comfortable shoes, a hat and sunscreen in advance.
- The most optimal period for hiking is the beginning of June and the end of October. From June to mid-July, the period of high activity of ticks, so take appropriate measures.
Hiking in the mountains is a type of recreation available to almost every Almaty citizen. A great way to spend a day off in a fun company of friends. Climbing gives a peculiar feeling of freedom and relaxation, and all thanks to the magic of the mountains. We are unequivocally convinced that such walks definitely benefit a person, be sure to try it!
We thank Dastan Abdrakhmanov, Candidate Master of Sports in rock climbing, for his help in writing the article.
The Boguty Mountains are a well-known natural landmark of Kazakhstan, very popular among tourists. The mountains are located to the east of the capital of the country, the city of Almaty, near the village of Chundzha.
Mountains Boguty - fantastic beautiful place. They are hard to get to and every traveler will need a four-wheel drive car, but the effort is well worth it. At the sight of the mountains, most tourists immediately recall the landscapes of the planet Mars, familiar from science fiction films. Here, too, everything is red - clay soil underfoot, rocks and even plants. It is extremely hot in the mountains in summer, but in winter Boguty looks even more spectacular - white snow contrasts beautifully with bright red mountain slopes.
Despite the desert alien landscapes that stretch around the mountains, this area is also rich in diverse living creatures. Here you can meet lynx, wild mountain sheep, hares, foxes and see the steppe eagle.
In general, the Boguty mountains - perfect place for all lovers of picturesque landscapes and truly wildlife. Photographers can take many great pictures.
Chu-Ili mountains
The highest point of the Chu-Ili mountains is 1294 meters above sea level. The ridge consists of granite, slate, limestone. The mountains are destroyed by wind and water erosion. Here is the desert steppe and the desert-steppe flora and fauna.
Several millennia ago, the climate of this region was more humid and mild, with full-flowing rivers, groves along the banks of the rivers and rich pastures. People have inhabited the eastern Chu-Ili since the beginning of the second millennium BC.
For many Almaty residents, the name Chu-Ili mountains is associated with the name "Chui Valley".
