Mountains in china avatar. zhangjiajie national park

The horizontal movement of air above the Earth's surface is called wind. The wind always blows from an area of ​​high pressure to an area of ​​low pressure.

Wind characterized by speed, strength and direction.

Wind speed and strength

Wind speed measured in meters per second or points (one point is approximately equal to 2 m/s). The speed depends on the baric gradient: the greater the baric gradient, the higher the wind speed.

The force of the wind depends on the speed (Table 1). The greater the difference between adjacent areas of the earth's surface, the stronger the wind.

Beaufort scale- a conditional scale for visual assessment of the strength (speed) of the wind in points according to its effect on ground objects or on waves at sea. It was developed by the English admiral F. Beaufort in 1806 and at first was used only by him. In 1874, the Standing Committee of the First Meteorological Congress adopted the Beaufort scale for use in International synoptic practice. In subsequent years, the scale has changed and refined. The Beaufort scale is widely used in marine navigation.

Direction of the wind

Direction of the wind is determined by the side of the horizon from which it blows, for example, the wind blowing from the south is south. The direction of the wind depends on the pressure distribution and on the deflecting effect of the Earth's rotation.

On the climate map the prevailing winds are shown by arrows (Fig. 1). The winds observed near the earth's surface are very diverse.

You already know that the surface of land and water heats up in different ways. On a summer day, the land surface heats up more. From heating, the air above the land expands and becomes lighter. Over the pond at this time the air is colder and therefore heavier. If the reservoir is relatively large, on a quiet hot summer day on the shore you can feel a light breeze blowing from the water, above which it is higher than above land. Such a light breeze is called daytime. breeze(from the French brise - light wind) (Fig. 2, a). The night breeze (Fig. 2, b), on the contrary, blows from the land, since the water cools much more slowly and the air above it is warmer. Breezes can also occur at the edge of the forest. The scheme of breezes is shown in fig. 3.

Rice. 1. Scheme of distribution of prevailing winds on the globe

Local winds can occur not only on the coast, but also in the mountains.

Föhn- a warm and dry wind blowing from the mountains to the valley.

Bora- gusty, cold and strong wind that appears when cold air rolls over low ridges to the warm sea.

Monsoon

If the breeze changes direction twice a day - day and night, then seasonal winds - monsoons— change their direction twice a year (Fig. 4). In summer, the land warms up quickly, and the air pressure over its surface hits. At this time, cooler air begins to move to land. In winter, the opposite is true, so the monsoon blows from land to sea. With the change of the winter monsoon to the summer monsoon, dry, slightly cloudy weather changes to rainy.

The effect of the monsoons is strong in eastern parts continents, where they are adjacent to vast expanses of oceans, so such winds often bring heavy rainfall to the continents.

The uneven nature of the circulation of the atmosphere in different areas the globe determines the differences in the causes and nature of the monsoons. As a result, extratropical and tropical monsoons are distinguished.

Rice. 2. Breeze: a - daytime; b - night

Rice. Fig. 3. Scheme of breezes: a - in the afternoon; b - at night

Rice. 4. Monsoons: a - in summer; b - in winter

extratropical monsoons - monsoons of temperate and polar latitudes. They are formed as a result of seasonal fluctuations in pressure over the sea and land. The most typical area of ​​their distribution is Far East, Northeast China, Korea, to a lesser extent - Japan and the northeast coast of Eurasia.

tropical monsoons - monsoons of tropical latitudes. They are due to seasonal differences in the heating and cooling of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. As a result, pressure zones shift seasonally relative to the equator to the hemisphere in which given time summer. Tropical monsoons are most typical and persistent in the northern part of the basin indian ocean. This is largely facilitated by the seasonal change in the atmospheric pressure regime over the Asian continent. The fundamental features of the climate of this region are associated with the South Asian monsoons.

The formation of tropical monsoons in other regions of the globe is less characteristic when one of them, the winter or summer monsoon, is more clearly expressed. Such monsoons are observed in Tropical Africa, in northern Australia and in the equatorial regions of South America.

Earth's constant winds - trade winds and westerly winds- depend on the position of atmospheric pressure belts. Since low pressure prevails in the equatorial belt, and near 30 ° N. sh. and yu. sh. - high, near the surface of the Earth throughout the year the winds blow from the thirtieth latitudes to the equator. These are trade winds. Under the influence of the rotation of the Earth around its axis, the trade winds deviate in the Northern Hemisphere to the west and blow from the northeast to the southwest, and in the Southern they are directed from the southeast to the northwest.

From the high pressure belts (25-30°N and S), the winds blow not only towards the equator, but also towards the poles, since at 65°N. sh. and yu. sh. low pressure prevails. However, due to the rotation of the Earth, they gradually deviate to the east and create air currents moving from west to east. Therefore, westerly winds prevail in temperate latitudes.

Beaufort scale- a conditional scale for visual assessment of the strength (speed) of the wind in points according to its effect on ground objects or on waves at sea. It was developed by the English Admiral F. Beaufort in 1806 and at first was used only by him. In 1874, the Standing Committee of the First Meteorological Congress adopted the Beaufort scale for use in international synoptic practice. In subsequent years, the scale has changed and refined. The Beaufort scale is widely used in marine navigation.

flying mountains famous planet Pandora actually exist in real life. They are located in China, Hunan province. national park, in which these amazing miraculous rocks are located, is called Zhangjiajie, and it is definitely worth a visit.

China is very kind to its monuments, especially natural ones, and the Yellow Mountains (Huangshan) are listed natural objects protected by UNESCO. And, believe me, there is a reason. This is unique place, which has no like. Completely overgrown with curly lush green vegetation, these mountains will leave an indelible mark on your imagination.

Some of the rock formations, yellow-gold in color, reach a height of up to twenty meters and in cloudy weather clouds swirl between them, which makes them incredibly fantastic. The director of "Avatar" paid attention to this place for a reason. Phantasmagoric landscape and not to be found!

The cable car will take you to a decent height, where wandering along the stone paths you can enjoy the views of these amazing rocks, really, as if hanging in the air. There are a huge number of different birds and animals. Chirping, chirping and roaming around.

Big entertainers in the Yellow Mountains are monkeys. They are not at all shy and snatch cameras, cameras and phones right out of the hands of gaping tourists. So you need to be extremely careful, and it is better to hang a bag with documents over your shoulder in order to avoid unforeseen circumstances.

You can stop in the city, with a name similar to the entire park. There are many excellent hotels in Zhangjiajie, where quite good conditions accommodation at an affordable price. You can come here absolutely at any time, but in holiday season, there are a lot of tourists here, so it's better to choose another time. During national holidays there is also a huge crowd of people. But at this time there will really be something to look at.

In addition, it is worth visiting a town called Fu Zhou, which means "lotus". This is a place where you can undergo a purification ceremony by walking under a waterfall, breathing with antiquity and Chinese wisdom. But the food offered to you throughout the journey should be tasted with great care, and it is not at all for the faint of heart. Dried cats, worms and larvae, as well as many other exotic animals are served here.

The unusually beautiful flying mountains located on the planet Pandora in the Avatar movie are not an invention of the directors. located soaring mountains in China, being a part national park Zhangjiajie, and are called Wulingyuan. The rocks fascinate and amaze at first sight, therefore, going to the Middle Kingdom, it is worth going to Hunan province for a few days, where the park is located. For visitors, there are excellent conditions for accommodation, food and pastime. In addition to the mountains, there is an opportunity to see many other natural attractions.

National Treasure of China

Zhangjiajie Park is a kind of business card a country where a huge number of tourists come every year, the number of which increased after the release of the film "Avatar". Touch the unique nature, fauna, listen to many mysterious, mystical stories and legends - that's what I offer flying mountains in china to all visitors. Some objects on the territory of this protected area are protected by UNESCO, and the park itself is recognized as a national treasure of the Celestial Empire. Its inhabitants are proud of their unusual beauties, which are breathtaking, and they say that numerous secrets and riddles are connected with mountains and rocks. Incredible landscapes, lush greenery, picturesque rocks, which cause a soaring effect, contribute to their emergence and spread. This unique phenomenon is due to the fact that Mountain peaks go into the sky, lost there between the clouds. The rocks are covered with greenery, which adds to the feeling of weightlessness.

A bit of history

The area on which the park is located is also known under another name - Yangjiajie, i.e. the land of Yang. According to ancient legends, there was once a war between clans near the mountains. The representative of the Yang Dynasty set up his military camp right at the base of Mount Tianzi. The confrontation lasted for several decades, and never ended. Therefore, the descendants of the clan began to gradually develop this territory, moving further and further away from the location of the military camp. Archaeologists and scientists have confirmed this legend, finding all the time the graves and burial places of members of the Yang clan.

Creation of the park

There is a park where the film "Avatar" was filmed in the northwestern part of the country, not far from city ​​of the same name. The area is full of wonders and natural attractions. The neighborhood of Zhangjiajie Park is made up of the equally famous geological parks of Yangjiajie, Tanzishan and Xiuxiyu.

Zhangjiajie is the oldest park in China, created in 1982. Its territory is huge and is almost 13 thousand square kilometers, on which mountains, forests, other vegetation are located, and a huge number of animals are found. In 1992, it was taken under the protection of UNESCO as part of Wulingyuan. Nine years later, the park received the status of the National Sandstone Peaks Forest Geopark (by decision of the relevant Chinese ministry). It is also included in the Global Network of Geological Parks protected by UNESCO.

Natural and animal world

decoration Zhangjiajie Park, China, the place where the films were filmed " Avatar and "Monster Hunt" are mountains. In fact, these are rocky peaks-pillars, created from quartz and sandstone, and turned into a real miracle of nature under the influence of erosion processes and weathering. Total unusual rocks is more than 3 thousand, and about one thousand have a height of 200 meters. The highest peak is Mount Dupeng, which reaches 1,890 meters into the sky.

Peaks of rocks are lost high in the clouds, and then abruptly give way to very dense forests. This is the habitat of a huge number of animals, birds, reptiles, insects. You can also see quite rare relic plants, which include mahogany and gingko.

The climate in the park is humid and warm, although this does not create suffocating heat. People who do not tolerate cold or very hot weather can feel comfortable here. During the warm season average temperature air is +27 degrees Celsius, and in winter it drops to +4-5.

The entire territory of the park is divided into 6 natural zones, the largest of which are tianji mountains, attracting tourists to China. This area is famous for very thick clouds, constant fogs and a mysterious atmosphere.

Attractions

You can walk around the park tirelessly, because you never know what is waiting around every turn. The spirit captures not only from the mountains, but also the wealth of the animal world, as well as a large number of monuments.

The Yellow Dragon Cave is made up of karst formations, has a height of 140 meters, and therefore is considered one of the largest in the world. It is distinguished by the most beautiful interior decoration of a natural character. There are many unique natural attractions in the cave - waterfalls, rivers, pools. All this creates the feeling that you find yourself in the hall of a fabulous Dragon.

The Heavenly Gate Buddhist temple has been known since the Ming Dynasty, which contributed to the transformation of this place into a center of pilgrimage. The temple occupies a huge area, which is equal to 10 thousand square meters. The temple is located in a cave that arose in 263 AD. as a result of a breakaway from the Tianmen (Tianmenshan) rock of a huge stone. The temple cave is 60 meters long, 57 meters wide and 131.5 meters high. The Chinese call the temple magic cave Western Hunan, because the place is saturated with a mysterious and mysterious atmosphere. This is due to the fact that the cave, located at a great height above the ground, seems to be shrouded in clouds, which are very thick above the mountain. Therefore, tourists, getting into the cave, feel that they are in heaven, or are somewhere nearby.

The temple arose in this place not by chance. According to ancient chronicles, the mountain is connected with the sky, therefore it has great strength and energy. In addition, it affects people, their destinies, lives, and is able to do miracles. In historical documents, you can find many facts that various mysterious events and phenomena took place in the cave.

The height of Mount Tianmenshan is 1518 m, and is considered the central attraction of the park. All tourists who are not afraid to overcome the path on the longest cable car in the world strive to climb to the top. Its length is almost 7.5 kilometers, and it passes through such picturesque panoramas of mountains, mountains, forests that it takes your breath away. And the closer the cabin drives up to the top, the more it seems that you are in the arms of clouds. The mountain is shrouded all the time in mist and mist, which very rarely dissipates. Local residents from generation to generation pass on legends that before a very important events water starts pouring from the top.

Next to Zhajiajie Park is an equally stunning park called Yangqiajie. There are a lot of amazing and scenic spots, including the valleys of Baikhur, Longquan, Xiangzhi mountains.

History of the Tianji Mountains

It is worth talking about these rocks separately. According to historical records in chronicles and other documents, at the foot of tianji mountains, china, farmers rebelled in the Middle Ages. They were led by a leader, whose name was Xiang Dakun, who called himself the son of heaven. Such an unusual nickname was associated with the ambitions of the peasant, as well as the features of the area where the mountains are located. There are more than two thousand stone pillars, which, like rods, connect heaven and earth. The average height of the rock is from 1 thousand meters to 1250 meters. Formed over three thousand years ago. One part of the mountains is represented by quartz rocks, and the second by limestone. In spite of ancient history, the area is not studied and practically unexplored. Once upon a time there were tropical forests, about which small plots and trees remained. Between the mountains there are very ancient caves, rocky arches, impenetrable forests in which a person has never been.

Tourist services

You can walk in the park for several days, especially since the entrance ticket is valid for two days. You can buy it for 245 yuan, right at the main entrance to Zhangjiajie National Park in China. To save a little, you can buy a weekly pass, and such a ticket is not very expensive - about 300 Chinese yuan. For students, if they present a student card, there are significant discounts. The best conditions for visitors are created here. In particular, they have a wonderful opportunity to see the mountains from a bird's eye view, and then walk around them on the ground. An elevator goes to one of the peaks, so you can climb the mountain right on it.

The park has several tourist routes allowing you to see all the sights. But it is difficult to do it in 2 days, so the guides recommend using the cable car to see all the flying mountains. It is imperative to follow natural bridges that go through the mountains, as well as go down to the valleys of rivers, waterfalls, visit caves. Tourists do not have to worry about their own safety: fences are installed everywhere, there are safe stairs for movement, special paths and signs to help you find your way in the park.

The entrance fee includes bus transport on routes, Separately, you need to pay for the lift, the use of the escalator, the lift, the trip on the tourist train. Drive between sights free buses that reach a certain stop. Here you can transfer to another bus and continue the trip. You can also use other modes of transport - cable cars(two closed and one open), funicular.

For those who want to see the pristine nature, you will have to delve into the remote areas of the park. The main attractions are nearby. It will not take long to get to them - everything is within reach, you just have to buy a ticket and enter the park. In other cases, you need to overcome rather big distances, so you need to choose comfortable shoes, clothes, things to put in backpacks for travel. In addition, you need to go to the deep regions of the park either with a guide or along a pre-compiled route so as not to get lost.

Worth considering separately organizational issues trips to the soaring rocks:

• Book accommodation in advance, taking into account the many national holidays that exist in China;
• Prepare for the fact that a huge number of Chinese come to the Wulingyuan rocks, so it is always crowded, and in some places there is a significant crowd of people;
• Buy or download a map of the park and its surroundings, purchase a compass, raincoats and raincoats;
• It is better to start walking in the morning in order to see as many interesting things as possible. And in the morning there are fewer people than in the afternoon and in the evening. After seven in the evening it is dangerous to wander, because. The park area is not illuminated.
• Think about how you can get to the city of Zhangjiajie from the Chinese capital.

You can get to the park from the city of the same name by taxi or bus, which travel here regularly. You can get into the territory of the protected area through two entrances - the northeastern one, where the Wulingyuan Mountains are located, and through the southern one - Zhangjiajie. You need to start the journey from the first entrance, because there is a glass elevator that takes you up to the tops of the rocks and observation platforms.

Housing and food

Experienced tourists are advised to stay in two villages - Zhangjiajie or Wulingyuan (everything is very original with the names here, so it should be borne in mind that the park, city and village are called the same). It is not a problem to rent comfortable accommodation here, the only drawback and quite significant is that in the morning there is a queue at the entrance. And you have to stand in it before you get into the park.

You can also live in Zhangjiajie, where there are several types of housing:

• Guesthouse;
• Hostel;
• Hotel.

The quality of the rooms is somewhat lower than in the villages, and walking is allowed only when the buses start running.

The budget accommodation option is accommodation at local residents, ready for 40 yuan per day to provide a bed in a room for several people. You can choose the option of single accommodation, but the cost will increase accordingly.

You can eat at restaurants, local cafes, McDonald's. It should be borne in mind that the cuisine of this province is quite peculiar - it is based on mushrooms that have medicinal properties, and in large numbers hot spices. In addition to traditional Hunan cuisine, you can try dishes from other regions of the country.

There are no restaurants and cafes on the territory of the park, but cakes, fried potatoes, fish, chestnuts are sold everywhere. Everything is fresh and prepared in the presence of tourists.

It is better to buy water in the city or in the villages, because here it costs an order of magnitude cheaper than in the park.

The famous film "Avatar" with stunning special effects made an impression on the whole world. Flying among the high cliffs made me follow the rapid movements of the heroes with bated breath. Most viewers believe that the mountains from the movie "Avatar" are completely computer modeled, they do not exist in nature. It turns out they are real!

Pandora country in China

Strange mountains were not chosen by chance by the creators of the picture. Special effects are just an addition to the unusual look mountain range Wulingyuan. Mountains of unearthly Pandora on Chinese soil- the real wonders of the nature of our planet.

You can visit the Wulingyuan National Park, which houses the mountains from the famous Avatar movie, at any time. Only 158 yuan - and you can explore the unearthly landscape for 2 whole days. Touch so easy! In China, they now say: "Pandora is far away, and the mountain" Hallelujah, Avatar "is close!" And waiting for guests who want to see high rocks who inspired the creators of Avatar.

Mountains from the film Avatar in China photo