Maritime dominance has always been a top priority for the world's leading powers. “He who owns the seas rules the world,” they used to say in the old days. Previously, there was no such technology as it is now, so water was the only way to get from one continent to another. Needless to say, this often became the cause of conflicts between nations, as a result of which many ships went to rest forever in the depths of the seas and oceans ...

For those whose house has nothing to do with the raging sea, you should pay attention to designing a country house of your own. This will be a real home that will never go to the bottom.

1. His Majesty's Hospital Ship Britannic

The Britannic was created by the same company as the well-known Titanic, Harland and Wolff, commissioned by the White Star Line. The ship was built some time after the death of the "unsinkable" Titanic. To protect its reputation, the company made some technical improvements to the design of the ship: increased the number of lifeboats on board, strengthened the hull from the boiler, engine and other compartments, the most vulnerable in a collision with an iceberg.

When the construction of the Britannic was completed, the ship was even larger in size than the Titanic. It could have easily become an excellent cruise ship if the First World War had not begun. The British government confiscated the Britannic, turning it into His Majesty's hospital ship. The ship was scuttled by enemy artillery fire a year later, as it first launched. On board were just over one thousand passengers. Almost all of them were saved. In total, about 30 people died.

Jacques-Yves Cousteau discovered the sunken Britannic a few decades after her death and was quite surprised that the ship's hull was perfectly preserved. Since the 1990s, researchers have made many expeditions to the site of the sinking of the Britannica. The latter was organized in 2012 with the aim of installing special equipment on the ship that can track the growth rate of bacteria.

2. British transatlantic passenger liner Lusitania

The passenger liner Lusitania was considered the largest cruise ship in the world, however, for a short time. Its construction was completed in 1907.

Eight years later, the ship was sunk by the German submarine U-20, which caused a huge resonance in the world community. The Germans were accused of violating international law because they opened fire on a non-military vessel without warning. However, as it turned out later, Britain used the Lusitania to transport ammunition in the hope that Germany would not attack the passenger liner. This, in turn, was also a violation of international law.

The remains of the ship "Lusitania" rest at the bottom Atlantic Ocean 13 kilometers from the Irish town of Kinsale. The liner was poorly preserved, unlike the Titanic and Britannic, because it sank for a significant greater depth.

3. Spanish galleon "Nuestra Señora de Atocha"

The Nuestra Señora de Atocha (Spanish: Nuestra Señora de Atocha) was a prize ship of the Spanish Navy that sank with one of the greatest treasures in maritime history on board.

It happened in 1622. The galleon "Nuestra Señora de Atocha" was heading from Havana to Spain. It was carrying quite a valuable cargo: a huge amount of gold, silver, jewelry, tobacco, copper and other things. On the way, the Nuestra Señora de Atocha got into a severe storm. The ship's hull was significantly damaged, so it quickly sank along with passengers and expensive cargo on board.

For many years, the Spanish authorities have tried to find the wreck of the galleon "Nuestra Señora de Atocha" and return the lost values, but to no avail. The ship was discovered in 1985 by professional treasure hunter Mel Fisher. The most interesting thing is that the galleon is pooped and remains unfound to this day. As you know, it was in this part of the ship that the Spaniards transported the most valuable things several centuries ago.

4. Pirate ship "Ouida"

The Whydah Gally was owned by the pirate Black Sam Bellamy. He was considered the most successful pirate of all time: he sank and captured a huge number of treasure ships worth more than $ 120 million (translated into modern money). However, Bellamy could not fully enjoy the loot he had stolen. His ship Ouida sank in 1717 as a result of a severe storm, sending the captain, half of his crew and all the valuables on board to the bottom.

In 1977, researchers managed to find a sunken ship with the help of old map, compiled by a man who explored it immediately after the crash more than two hundred years ago. On the ship's bell, they found the inscription "Ouida, 1716", which did not give them the slightest doubt as to who owned the ship.

5. "Queen Anne's Revenge"

"Queen Anne's Revenge" went down in history as one of the most sinister pirate ships. He owes this status to his captain - Blackbeard. The ship was captured by a famous pirate in 1717. Twelve months later, it ran aground. Rumor has it that this was a deliberate move by his captain.

§ 7. Vessel weight and volume meters

Each ship as a physical body has a certain weight and volume. Floating on the water, it occupies a position determined by the draft, which is directly related to its weight and the volume of the underwater part. These dependencies are expressed by numerical characteristics, which are divided according to the dimension into linear (already familiar to us), weight and volume gauges of the vessel.

Weight displacement is the main weight meter of the vessel and is composed by load items from permanent weight a (weight of the body, mechanisms, electrical equipment, devices, etc.) and variable weight a (fuel, supplies, crew, transported goods, passengers, etc.). The weight of these cargoes is accurately taken into account when designing the ship in a special document called vessel weight load and in accordance with which all calculations related to the determination of the qualities of the vessel are made.

Depending on the amount of variable cargo received, the weight displacement can vary widely, as a result of which it becomes necessary to establish the types of displacement of the vessel under various states of its load. For civil ships, the following main types of displacement are established:

1) empty displacement equal to the constant weight of the ship, with water in the boilers, mechanisms and pipelines, with inventory, permanent spare parts and supplies, but without cargo, passengers, crew and without fuel;

2) full load displacement, equal to the light displacement plus the cargo, crew, fuel and all stores at the maximum allowable draft. For military surface ships, the following types of displacement are established:

1) empty displacement equal to the weight of the ship ready for action, but without personnel, ammunition, supplies, food and without fuel, lubricants and fresh water;

2) standard displacement, equal to the weight of the ship ready for action with personnel and with all supplies necessary in war time, but without reserves of fuel, lubricants and boiler water;

3) normal displacement equal to the standard plus 50% of the reserves of fuel, lubricants and boiler water;

4) total displacement, equal to the standard plus full reserves of fuel, lubricants and boiler water, providing a given cruising range at any speed;

5) largest displacement, equal to the standard plus additional reserves that the ship is able to take until all storage facilities are completely filled: weapons (including mines on the upper deck), fuel, lubricating oils and boiler water.

The volumetric displacement of a vessel is the main characteristic of a surface vessel and is determined by the volume of the underwater part of its hull. It is directly related to the weight displacement of the vessel, since, according to the law of Archimedes, any floating body displaces a volume of water, the weight of which is equal to the weight of the body itself.

Volumetric displacement depends on the specific gravity of water (density of water). In fresh water, the specific gravity of which is equal to one, the weight displacement, expressed in metric tons, is numerically equal to the volumetric displacement in cubic meters.

Determination of volumetric displacement (volume of the immersed part of the hull) is carried out by one of the methods indicated below.

The construction of the ship lasted two and a half years. A couple of days later, the Harmony of the Seas arrived in Southampton, England, from there on its maiden voyage to Rotterdam.

"Harmony ...", like other ships of the company (all of them have the prefix "... seas" in their names), will sail under the Bahamian flag and have a home port of Nassau. The ship will be based in Barcelona.

Much bigger than the Titanic

The dimensions of "Harmony ..." are striking: 362 meters in length (longer eiffel tower), 18 decks, displacement - over 200 thousand tons! Being a hundred meters longer than the infamous Titanic, it exceeds its volume by almost five times.

City on the sea

The vessel can accommodate up to 9 thousand passengers and crew members, a real floating city! There is even a helipad.

Bigger than any ship ever at sea

The dimensions of the ocean monster are amazing even when compared with the previous generation of marine record holders - the Quantum-class vessels of the same company.

Preparing for the big swim

A couple of days after leaving the shipyard in San Nazaire, the ship reached the resort of Southampton. After carrying out some adjustment work, the vessel was brought into normal operation.

Security

Taking into account more than a hundred years of experience in sea cruises, and especially the sad fate of the Costa Concordia in 2012, the liner has been brought to a state of maximum readiness for incidents. The crew is carefully selected, exercises are regularly held, the number of seats in life-saving equipment exceeds the number of people on board.

Crew

The first crew of the ship will be 2,100 people from 77 different countries.

Passengers

"Harmony of the Seas" will accommodate up to 6780 passengers. Despite the respectability, the ship is designed for passengers of different incomes, the owner company offers very affordable prices for cruises, there are a number of promotional offers. More than 60% of ship guests get on ships Royal Caribbean International is not the first time.

Entertainment for every taste

Like others cruise ships, "Harmony of the Seas" has on board all possible types of entertainment for tourists. The ship will have five-star restaurants, a casino, a theater, ice rink And so on. Even a chapel with a Catholic priest will work.

floating park

But even this was not enough: a real park the size of a football field was laid out on the ship! In addition to 52 trees and 48 vines, it will contain more than 10,000 plants.

Price

The cost of building the ship exceeded one billion dollars, but, as the experience of the cruise business shows, this investment will pay off, and in a few years the cruise liner will begin to generate income.

Good luck!

Video review Harmony of the Seas:

After a trial four-day cruise, the ship will be relocated to the Western Mediterranean and will fly to the resorts of Spain, Italy and France on various routes. Let's wish Harmony of the Seas fair wind!

Shipbuilding began to develop in ancient times. From century to century, only the shape and size of ships changed. But now the largest ships in the world do not cease to amaze people in modern ports.

Natives of the Scandinavian Peninsula, the Vikings, almost always plowed the sea. Their descendants are still considered leaders in shipbuilding.

Norway, Tanker Knock Nevis, length 458 meters

The Norwegian tanker Knock Nevis has a length of 458.45 meters, a beam of 69 meters, and a loaded draft of 24.61 meters. Dimensions allow you to call it the largest water vessel in the world. Its deadweight is 564,763 tons (4.1 million barrels of oil), and maximum speed, which the tanker can develop is 13 knots, stopping distance is 10.2 kilometers. It was built in 1979 in Yokosuka, Japan, by order of a Greek shipowner. The next owner decided to enlarge the ship. As a result, it was cut and built up, additional sections were added to the hull.

Initially, the tanker ran between the US and the Middle East. But in 1986, it began to be used as a floating terminal for reloading and storing oil during the war between Iraq and Iran. In 1988, Knock Nevis was badly damaged after an attack by Iraqi aircraft.

Knock Nevis on video

After the war, the ship found shelter in Brunei and flew under the Norwegian flag. After the repair, the tanker changed its name twice, was Happy Giant and Jahre Viking.

After the passage of a law in Europe and the United States banning the use of tankers with a single-walled side (the thickness of Knock Nevis is only 3.5 centimeters), the ship was rebuilt into a "floating storage unit". And then he was returned to the original name. The tanker has now been abandoned Indian coast and awaiting disposal.

Denmark, container ship Emma Maersk, length 396.8 meters

The Danish container ship Emma Maersk is 396.84 meters long and 63.1 meters wide. Now the ship is called the world's largest container ship (it can carry up to 11 thousand containers at the same time). Emma Maersk was built in 2006, the owner of the shipbuilding company Arnold Maerks named it after his deceased wife. Later, seven more similar ships were built.

Emma Maersk can reach speeds of up to 31 knots. And about 170 thousand nautical miles (7.5 distances around the planet) pass annually, cruising between Europe and Far East through the Suez Canal (for such a large vessel, the Panama Canal is closed).

Emma Maersk on the water

The container ship was dedicated a coin of 20 crowns in Denmark.

Bahamas, cruise ship Oasisoftheseas, length 360 m

First Oasis-class cruising vessel sails Bahamas. At the time of construction, it became the largest passenger liner in the world. It was replaced only by a ship of this class, Allure of the Seas, which is 5 centimeters larger. Oasisoftheseas weighs 45 thousand tons, consists of 48 thousand parts, its length is 360 meters (by the way, the famous Titanic was 269 meters long, 53 meters high), the maximum speed is 24 knots.

Allure of the Seas was built by a Finnish shipyard for the American shipping company. The contract for the construction of the first vessel was signed in early 2006. The project was originally called Project Genesis. modern name became known only in 2008.

The ship was laid down on June 19, 2007, a year later the construction dock was flooded, but the additional equipment did not stop. Tests began in June 2009 in the Baltic and ended a couple of weeks later. In October 2009, Allure of the Seas sailed to her home port in Fort Lauderdale. During the journey along Baltic Sea, he barely passed the Great Belt Bridge (passage is allowed for vessels up to 65 meters). To do this, we had to retract the exhaust pipes, increase the speed to the maximum in order to increase the draft of the stern on the go. As a result, about half a meter remained from the ship to the bridge anyway.

The cruise ship was baptized on November 30, 2009 at the port of registry, and it departed for its first flight on December 5. At the same time, calls to the ports of Sint Maarten, the Bahamas and St. Thomas were announced on the cruise. Only they could take such a large vessel.

Real sea hotel

By the way, on such a huge ship you can live like on land. There is an ice skating rink, a casino, a theater, night club, discotheque, jazz club, carousel pools, water park, shops and boutiques, restaurants and bars, sports clubs with basketball and volleyball courts and even a golf course. And that is not all. Passengers can rest in the shade of trees (there are about 12 thousand of them).

UK, liner Queen Mary 2, length 345 meters

One of the largest in the world passenger ships put into operation at the beginning of 2004. He was launched in France at the shipyards of Saint-Nazaire. Queen Mary 2 is 76 meters longer than the Titanic.

The liner was named after the Queen Mary, which, at one time, was named after the wife of King George V of Britain, Mary of Teck.

Built Queen Mary in Saint-Nazeren shipyard Chantiers de l'Atlantique. Ile de France, Normandy and France were assembled there.

The liner set off on its first trip on January 10, 2007 from the American Fort Lauderdale and finished there 81 days later. This trip is recorded in the Guinness Book of Records as a trip around the world of the largest ship for passengers. There were almost half a thousand people on board, some of them paid an additional 100 thousand dollars for a round-the-world trip.

Interestingly, during the passage of New York, passengers on the upper deck can look the Statue of Liberty straight in the eye.

On board this ship there is everything you need for an idle life. 1310 cabins, 4 swimming pools, a huge library on the sea (800 thousand books), a helicopter pad, an Internet cafe, 6 restaurants, 12 galleys, laundries, a tennis court, a mini-golf course, the only planetarium on the sea, a theater, 2 cinemas, and same way shopping center, casino, sports club and even a ballroom.

USA, aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CVN-65), length 342 meters

This is the first aircraft carrier with a nuclear power plant. It was laid down at the end of 1957 and commissioned in 1961.

The largest warship in the world has a length of 342.3 meters. Nuclear fuel from one load is enough for 13 years of operation, and during this time the aircraft carrier is able to travel about 1 million miles.

The total cost of the aircraft carrier reached 451 million dollars. And it was precisely because of such a high price that serial construction did not begin, although it was originally planned to assemble 5 more Enterprise brothers.

In early 1962, the aircraft carrier made its maiden voyage. Then they were commanded by Vincent DePoe.

The first "baptism of fire" occurred during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The ship became part of the US Second Fleet and participated in the naval blockade of Cuba. Then he served for several years in the Mediterranean. In 1964, the Enterprise made trip around the world consisting of three nuclear ships.

In 1965, the ship became part of the Seventh Fleet and sailed to South East Asia. He became the first ship with a nuclear control system, which took part in the hostilities (Vietnam War). The aircraft carrier set a record - exactly 165 sorties per day.

On January 14, 1969, one of the rockets self-launched on board. She hit the fuel tank, which spilled, followed by explosions of aerial bombs and erratic scattering of rockets. As a result, 27 people died, 343 were injured, 15 aircraft were destroyed. Damage was estimated at $6.4 million. In the early 1980s, the Enterprise survived the removal of the SCANFAR radar and a reactor overhaul. The aircraft carrier was decommissioned on December 1, 2012.
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In this compilation, you will learn about the ten largest cruise ships in the world.

1. Princess Diamond. The weight of this ship is 116 thousand tons, and its length is 294 meters. On board this cruise ship can accommodate 2670 people. The area of ​​this liner is ten times more area Buckingham Palace. The ship has over 700 cabins high class with balconies.

2. Carnival Dream. This liner weighs 130 thousand tons, and its length is 306 meters. It can travel 3646 passengers. This is a floating amusement park, which also has several cinemas on board.

3. Voyager of the seas. The weight of the ship is 138 thousand tons, length - 311 meters. There are 3114 passenger seats on the liner. On board this ship you can find a TV studio, ice rink, mini golf course and other entertainment.

4. Celebrity Eclipse This cruise liner weighs 122 thousand tons, and its length is 315 meters, which is more than the length of four Boeing 747s lined up in a row. The ship has 19 decks, plus a lawn deck for playing croquet and bocce.

5 Norwegian epic. The ship weighs 156 thousand tons, and its length is 329 meters. The cruise liner can accommodate 4,100 passengers. There is a 24-hour pizza delivery service on board.

6. Splendida. The weight of the liner is 137,936 tons, and the length is 338 meters. Its capacity is 3274 passengers. The volume of space of the liner, which is one and a half million square meters, is larger than the volume of space of the Eiffel Tower.

7. Freedom of the Seas. The liner weighs 160 thousand tons, length - 339 meters. The board accommodates 3634 passengers. This boat is like a floating water park, as it has all kinds of water activities on board: there are water slides, many pools, a jacuzzi, a wave simulator, a water park for children and an ice rink.

8. Disney Dream. The weight of this cruise liner is 130 thousand tons, and its length is 340 meters. Disney Dream seats 2500 people and is almost an exact replica of Disneyland in the water. On board is a huge cinema and water park.

9. Queen Mary II. This cruise ship weighs 151,400 tons and is 345 meters long. On board can accommodate 2640 passengers. The length of the vessel can be compared with the length of 80 tourist buses, set bumper to bumper.

10. Royal Caribbean. Oasis of the Seas. The length of this gigantic ship is 361 meters, and the weight is almost 223 thousand tons. In conditions of maximum comfort, 5.4 thousand passengers can be accommodated here. This vessel, due to its size, is unable to pass through the Panama Canal. The board of the liner resembles an amusement park, where various shows are held every day.