Educational program for "dummies": who does what on the ship and how not to get confused in elementary maritime jargon

A "land" person does not know how complex and multifaceted the life of a sailor is. Everyone on the ship is responsible for his own area of ​​work, and the crew of the ship consists of people of many maritime professions, without whom not a single ship would go to sea. Let's try to figure out the "backbone" of the seafarers, who does what and why a ship cannot do without these people.

bataler

This name does not apply to "battles" and military terminology. Everything is much more prosaic. Bataler - a person who is responsible for supplying the crew with food and non-food products, keeps records and draws up reporting documentation.

A bataler is a non-combatant fleet, but it is impossible to imagine a ship leaving the port without it.

Boatswain

Senior combatant "non-commissioned officer". All lower ranks are subordinate to him - both combatant and non-combatant. The boatswain is responsible for the order on the ship. The duties include testing the knowledge of sailors in maritime affairs.

The position of boatswain implies responsibility for the technical condition of the spars and rigging. He is also responsible for the technical condition of all ship equipment. There may be one boatswain or a whole boatswain team on the ship, the senior in it bears the title of chief boatswain. Each of them keeps watch on deck in turn.

Captain

Ship commander. In maritime jargon, the captain is called "cap" (behind the eyes, of course). This is the most important person on the ship, his orders are carried out implicitly, even by senior officers.

The chief commander of the entire crew must know the ship, the strengths and weaknesses of the crew like the back of his hand and manage the process of moving the ship even in critical situations. No wonder there is an unspoken rule that the captain leaves the ship last - even during a storm.

He is responsible for saving the lives of the crew and the ship itself in the event of an unforeseen situation. If the ship cannot be saved, the captain is obliged to organize the rescue of the personnel and leave the ship with him, but only later than everyone else.

It would take a very long time to list all the duties of the captain of the ship, since they cover a wide range: from sanitary and economic management of affairs during navigation to safety and management of the vessel, responsibility for observing the regime of maritime spaces, international law.

Cook

Another position, without the owner of which even a fragile ship will not go on a voyage for several days.

An analogue to a civilian cook, a sea cook must not only prepare tasty and healthy food from the products at his disposal, but also correctly calculate their quantity. Otherwise, the team may remain hungry, and he himself may be overboard.

Only the most trained sailors are selected for the position of cook, and the captain moving to another ship tries to lure a well-known cook to him.

Pilot

The duties of the pilot also include ensuring the safety of the ship's mooring. In the old days, the pilot had an assistant, whom the crew called the "carrier", because he measured the depth with a stick, standing on the bow of the ship.

Now this position has practically been withdrawn from the ship's staff, and the duties are performed by the navigator and navigator. But in order to overcome difficult straits and enter a narrow harbor, a local pilot who knows the surrounding water area and the seabed like the back of his hand always boards.

Sailor

It belongs to the lower order of the ship and belongs to the category of employees who ensure order on the deck. Roughly speaking, the sailor performs all the rough work on the ship. However, in civil navigation this position is very common.

The duties of a sailor include: washing the deck, cleaning, cleaning, rigging and cargo operations. But if it seems that anyone can become a sailor, this is not at all the case. To be admitted to a position, a modern sailor must have the skills to navigate a ship and navigate with a compass. The sailor is obliged to monitor the state of the vessel during the course. And even if he never uses these skills during a flight, he will not be able to join the team without them.

An inexperienced or lazy sailor who does not know how to do anything or does not want to do anything is called a “newbie”. This nickname is so widely included in the marine lexicon that on some ships the entire crew calls the sailors nothing more than “salagas”.

Machinist (minder)

The workplace of the driver (sometimes the position is called the “minder”) is the hold of the ship. This person is included in the ordinary, sometimes foremen of the ship, and is responsible for maintaining fire, drainage and other systems necessary for the correct operation of the ship.

The driver constantly monitors the serviceability of the engine and is obliged to know all the subtleties and nuances of eliminating breakdowns as quickly as possible. In addition, the machinist must be fluent in mooring skills, manage boats and be an excellent swimmer.

The work of a machinist is not at all easy, sometimes even exhausting, so a person is required not only good physical fitness, but also nerves of steel.

Mechanic

The mechanic works directly in engine room vessel and monitors the operation of the engine and its parts, supervises the machinists. The mechanics have a great responsibility, his work is also not sugar. He has to spend the whole shift in a stuffy closed room without proper lighting, his hands are soiled with fuel oil and oil.

Most ships have only three mechanics. This is also associated with difficult working conditions: the shift is four hours, after which the mechanic rests for eight, while the next two take over in turn.

With the well-established operation of the mechanisms, the mechanic simply maintains their working condition, but in case of accidents and failures, an emergency starts. Then all three representatives of this maritime profession work tirelessly for days, trying to restore the ship's buoyancy and driving performance.

Senior assistant captain (commander)

In maritime jargon - simply "senior officer" or, as sailors are very fond of saying, "chief". A person who does nothing, but likes to give orders, as the junior staff of any ship believes. But, of course, everything is exactly the opposite.

The chief officer is the second person after the captain, so it is not surprising that he has a lot of responsibility. As the first deputy "cap", he manages all work on the ship, is responsible for the preparation of the crew and the condition of the ship during the voyage. At any moment, the first officer must be ready to replace the captain.

Navigator

He manages the ship, makes sure that the ship does not go astray, plots a course, monitors the navigation system and checks with the route map, manages the mooring, checks the health of the anchors and measures the depth so that the ship does not run aground during the stop.

In maritime jargon, it means "leader", since it is the navigator who leads the ship and all the sailors. A sub-navigator helps the navigator in a difficult task, who, in which case, can replace his boss.

cabin boy

Many believe that the cabin boy is a real naval rank, but this is not entirely true. A few centuries ago, cabin boys were called boys or teenagers who carried out cleaning and maintenance work on the deck.

However, intermittently, but such a rank in the combat composition of the vessel really existed, and in Russian Empire even opened Jung schools. In fact, the cabin boy is a boy who was being prepared for the position of a sailor.

Some of the above titles were abolished, some still remain, under other names. In fact, there are a lot of maritime positions, because a ship is a whole life, a huge mechanism, which requires the uninterrupted work of tens or even hundreds of people.

First Mate
On most ships, there was a position of first mate, who performed captain's duties during his absence. The first mate was also needed to lead the team in capturing an enemy ship, along with the quartermaster. Some of the pirate captains always had a first mate on the ship, but most often this position was occupied by the owner of the ship. But often the first mates led riots on ships against the captain. Especially dangerous was the collusion of the first mate with the quartermaster or boatswain. In fact, two or three officers could easily seize power on the ship into their own hands without bloodshed, it was enough just to draw up a new agreement with the team, and then the most terrible fate awaited the former captain. He was either planted on desert island, or hung on the yardarm of his own ship, although it sometimes happened that the former captain became a simple member of the team.

Quartermaster
The quartermaster was responsible for the condition of the ship. His main task was to distribute and supply various materials needed on the ship, including gunpowder, as well as carry out repairs, distribute booty and punish the offenders. Thus, it can be said that the duties that were performed on an ordinary ship by one person - the captain, were distributed among the pirates between two. This made it possible to exclude unity of command on the ship, which the pirates hated so much. When a captain was leading a ship in battle, the quartermaster was supposed to lead boarding team and be in the hottest area of ​​the battle. He also had to determine how valuable the captured cargo was and distribute the booty. Naturally, gold and silver were of the greatest value in mining. But the quartermaster also had to determine how to deal with the cargo of the captured ship. After all, often the hold of a pirate ship could already be filled with booty, and one product had to be thrown away for the sake of another, more valuable one. The quartermaster was also the only person on the team who could determine the punishments for the offending pirate. The captain could only demand that the guilty be punished, but the degree of guilt was determined by the quartermaster, even if this went against the opinion of the majority. In addition, the quartermaster acted as a judge in disputes between members of the team and also in duels, if they did not contradict the pirate code. Thus, the quartermaster in matters of military operations, the division of booty and management of the team was higher than the captain of the ship. The very word "quartermaster" testified that the person who held this post got a quarter of the booty.

Navigator
The most experienced sailors, who know the pilot's nautical charts became navigators. Plotting a course and determining the location of the ship were at that time very difficult tasks. The navigator was required to be able to use various astronomical instruments, he had to calculate the course of the ship and navigate it in the most dangerous places during the voyage. Often the navigator could single-handedly save the ship during the battle, directing it only to him alone through the known passage between the rocks. The navigator was in charge of priceless nautical charts, navigational instruments and ship's clocks. If there was no clerk on the ship, then keeping records and accounting was also assigned to the navigator. In turn, the first mate sometimes acted as navigator.

Boatswain
The crew of the ship has always had people whose responsibility was to maintain the technical condition of the ship and manage the crew. It was these duties that were performed by junior officers - ship's boatswains. One boatswain was responsible for equipping the ship, the other for managing the deck crew. There was also a boatswain, carrying out the setting of the ship at anchorage. Of course, on a small ship, all these duties were combined by one person. In this case, boatswain duties were carried out by captains and quartermasters. The boatswain monitored the condition of the sails, gear and rigging, and also duplicated the captain's commands during a battle or a storm. The entire spars, rigging and gear were repaired by the ship's carpenter, but the boatswain also had to take an active part in this. The boatswain was responsible for storing spare ropes, a repair tree, sailcloth, and organized ship repair work. The duties of the boatswain also included the maintenance of the ship's flag, communication with other ships using special signals, maintaining order among the crew and maintaining the boats. The boatswain was also responsible for the condition of the ship's clock. If it was necessary to punish one of the team members, the role of the executioner was also often assigned to the boatswain.

A carpenter
The carpenter was an extremely important member of the crew, who was responsible for maintaining the buoyancy of the ship, the health of the hull and masts. Good carpenters were also highly valued by carpenters - pirates were sometimes even allowed not to participate in hand-to-hand combat. The carpenters were responsible for quickly repairing damage to the hull during the battle, and also fastened the planks of the hull during a storm. In addition, the carpenter's duties included maintaining the good condition of the wooden masts, the deck, as well as purchasing quality materials from the shore for repairs on the high seas. During the cruising of the ship, the main part of organizing this hard work also fell on the carpenter, but at the same time the whole team helped him. At sea, the carpenter was vigilant in monitoring the condition of the ship's hull and, at the slightest leak, to eliminate them and report everything to the captain. Because of this, carpenters were exempted from keeping watch and other work on the ship. But the carpenter had plenty to do anyway. He had to inspect not only the condition of the hull, but also the masts and spars several times a day. The carpenter's pantry always kept the required number of wooden bars and boards, tow and various tools. At the same time, the carpenter did not have the right to enter this warehouse alone, so the keys to it were kept by the first assistant or quartermaster.

Sailmaster
On large ships, the carpenter and boatswain could no longer cope with the repair and setting of sails. From among the most experienced sailors, a special person was chosen who was responsible for the sailing equipment of the ship. He had to acquire high-quality canvas, sew and repair sails, as well as use them competently. There was a clear division of responsibilities between the boatswain and the master of sails. The master of sails was responsible for setting the heavy, upper and storm sails, while the boatswain supervised the setting of light sails on the lower yards of the masts. The sailmaster's cabin was next to the carpenter's, so he could always be in the right place quickly and get the job done. The master of sails most often reported to the first assistant, but in his submission did not have any of the team members, although he was considered a privileged specialist.

Gunner
The gunners were also highly valued specialists who were responsible for the serviceability of the guns, their readiness to fire, and also personally commanded their guidance during the battle. This science was very difficult, so they were required not only to have a good eye and sober calculation, but also years of constant training and participation in real naval battles. In addition to the gunner, the cannon crew could consist of several people, whose duties included cleaning the gun barrel, loading, lighting the fuse, rolling the gun back into place after the shot. A separate team could be responsible for the tray of cores and gunpowder, opening and closing loopholes. On pirate ships with a small crew, the cannon crew often consisted of 2-3 people, and fire could only be fired from one side. The gunner was also responsible for storing all the tools needed to maintain the cannons, gunpowder and shells. During a storm, the gunner made sure that all cannon ports were closed, otherwise the ship could be flooded with water. Most dangerous place on the ship - the powder magazine was also run by the gunner. The gunner calculated the amount of gunpowder loaded into the cannon, made charges and hand grenades, aimed the cannons, and, at the command of the captain, fired at the enemy. For calculation, the gunner had special tables and tools. The gunner performed another important task - storing weapons on board the ship, so he was in charge of the weapons room.

ship's doctor
Doctors were highly valued among pirates, and often, when an enemy ship was captured, the doctor was first of all offered to join the winning team. The doctor was the only person who was allowed not to sign the pirate agreement. Often the doctors of a captured ship were paid a reward if they simply provided assistance to members of the pirate crew. If there was no real doctor on the ship, any suitable pirate who had at least some knowledge of medicine was chosen for this position. A case is mentioned when a ship's carpenter was chosen as a doctor - as he had the necessary "tools" to perform amputations. Sometimes ship cooks were involved in healing - they were familiar with working with meat, but they were less skilled than carpenters. The ship's doctor had a set of tools for performing emergency operations and a small set of medicines. The doctor himself was responsible for replenishing the supply of medicines, so in the port he usually hurriedly went to the local pharmacy, where he bought the necessary medicines. The main ship medicine for pirates was rum - it was used both as a cure for stomach diseases and as an anesthetic during operations.

Ship cook (Cock)
The ship's cook was responsible for food, food supply and fresh water. To become a real cook, one had to learn how to carve meat carcasses, know the rules for storing food, and also follow certain rules for cooking, otherwise the team could easily send the unfortunate chef overboard due to wasted food or rotten food. drinking water. When visiting ports, the ship's cook was supposed to provide the ship's crew with provisions throughout the entire upcoming voyage, so with the help of the strongest sailors, he had to visit local markets and food stalls. On large ships, a separate person, a steward, was responsible for storing food. During the voyage, assistants were constantly allocated to the koku, whose duties included maintaining the fire in the hearth and carrying food. Food was cooked in special ovens, as wooden ships were very fire hazardous. During the battle, the cook participated in the battle along with the entire team.

Clerk
Most of the team members were illiterate, but the need for keeping records and calculations has always existed. For this, one of the team members was appointed clerk. He was supposed to keep a ship's log, which recorded all the events that occurred on the ship, keep records of supplies and weapons, and also conduct various calculations. An important task of the clerk was also the drafting of letters and wills, he had to write notices of the death of team members, keep records of decisions made by the team - for example, the election of a captain. Clerks often spoke several languages, so they were also used to communicate with foreigners.

gunpowder monkey
This position originated in the British navy. That was the name of the boys who were part of the weapons team. Pirates often kidnapped or lured the most dexterous and sly port boys onto their ships and used their dexterity and dexterity. 11-13 year old pirates were engaged in cleaning weapons, cleaning ship premises, bringing gunpowder and charges during the battle, in a word, they were ordinary errand boys. They could crawl into the most hidden corners of the ship, so pirates often used them to look for various caches on captured ships. On the shore, the boys delivered secret letters to the allies of the pirates and were used as scouts in enemy cities. Due to their agility and speed, gunpowder monkeys were often the only ones who managed to escape during the death of a ship or the capture of pirates. Beginners on a pirate ship were usually trained as gunpowder monkeys regardless of age. The gunpowder monkeys were the most underpaid and unskilled sailors.

cabin boy
Jungs were significantly higher in status than gunpowder monkeys. As a rule, boys from noble families became cabin boys, who were sent to study the basics of navigation. Yoongi, as they mastered maritime science, became ship officers. Sometimes they served as envoys to the captains of ships, carried out missions to deliver messages, looked after officer uniforms and weapons, and prepared food. For this, the officers taught them the basics of navigation and trade. Young sailors had to do a lot of difficult and uninteresting work, but they could always count on a decent reward, and often young sailors who aspired to become naval officers agreed to this position.

(01) know the device and be able to maintain the main, auxiliary mechanisms and technical means of their service, be able to manage them;

(02) know the location and purpose of pipelines and valves of ship systems and be able to manage them;

(03) to know the location of storage areas for emergency equipment, fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them;

(04) be able to maintain the electrical equipment of machinery spaces.

223. The minder (driver) of the 1st class is obliged:

(02) comply with the rules for the technical operation of ship technical equipment, safety and fire safety rules;

224. Motor operator (engineer) of class I may be involved, at the direction of the chief engineer, in ship work that is not part of his direct duties, including mooring operations and cargo securing, after appropriate training, obtaining a qualification certificate, briefing on safety rules at the workplace and registration of his admission to these works by order of the captain.

Motorist (driver) II class

225. Motorist (engineer) II class is subordinate to the second mechanic.

Motorist (driver) class II must:

(01) know the structure of the main and auxiliary mechanisms, the purpose and location of pipelines and valves served by them;

(02) be able to maintain the main and auxiliary mechanisms and technical means that ensure their operation;

(03) be able to maintain auxiliary boilers and technical means that ensure their operation;

(04) to know the location of storage facilities for emergency equipment, fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them.

226. Motorist (driver) II class is obliged:

(01) to take part in the maintenance and repair of all ship technical equipment;

(02) comply with the rules for the technical operation of ship technical equipment, safety and fire safety rules;

(03) keep watch according to the ship's schedule.

227. Motor operator (engineer) of the II class may be involved, at the direction of the chief engineer, in ship work that is not part of his direct duties, including mooring operations and cargo securing, after appropriate training, obtaining a qualification certificate, briefing on safety rules at the workplace and registration of his admission to these works by order of the captain.

Senior boiler engineer

228. The senior boiler engineer is directly subordinate to the third mechanic. The Chief Boiler Engineer must:

(01) be able to operate a boiler plant and technical means serving her;

(02) know the device and be able to maintain systems, mechanisms, automation equipment and instrumentation serving the boiler plant;

(03) to know the location of storage areas for emergency equipment, fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them.

229. The senior boiler engineer must:

(01) to take part in the maintenance and repair of the boiler plant and technical means serving it;

(03) supervise the work of boiler operators;

(04) keep watch according to the ship's schedule.

230. The senior boiler engineer may be involved, at the direction of the senior mechanic, in work on maintenance and repair of all ship technical equipment and other work not included in the scope of his direct duties, including mooring operations and cargo securing, after appropriate training, obtaining a qualification certificate, briefing on safety rules at the workplace and issuing his admission to these works by order of the captain .

Stoker

231. Boiler engineer submits to the third mechanic.

The boiler operator must:

(01) know the device and be able to maintain boilers, systems, mechanisms, automation equipment and instrumentation serving the boiler plant;

(02) to know the location of storage areas for emergency equipment, fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them.

232. The boiler engineer must:

(01) take part in the maintenance and repair of the boiler plant;

(02) comply with the rules for the technical operation of ship technical equipment, safety and fire safety rules;

(03) keep watch according to the ship's schedule.

233. The boiler engineer may be involved, at the direction of the chief engineer, in the maintenance and repair of all ship technical equipment and other work that is not part of his direct duties, including mooring operations and cargo securing, after appropriate training, obtaining a qualification certificate, instructions on safety regulations at the workplace and registration of his admission to these works by order of the captain.

Storekeeper

234. The storekeeper reports directly to the second mechanic.

The storekeeper stores the logistics of the mechanical part and maintains the pantries of the engine room in due order, repairs the tools, and also takes part in the maintenance and repair of all ship technical equipment.

235. A storekeeper, in the presence of a qualification certificate of a minder (driver), may be involved in watch maintenance of a mechanical installation.

Turner

236. The turner is directly subordinate to the second mechanic.

The turner is responsible for the reliable operation and technical condition of the machine tools and equipment of the mechanical workshop and ensures the good condition of the tool, small-scale mechanization and mechanical devices.

The turner must be able to perform machine and locksmith work, know the location of storage facilities for emergency equipment, fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them, follow the safety and fire safety rules.

237. The turner is obliged to take part in the maintenance and repair of all ship technical equipment and may be involved, at the direction of the chief engineer, in ship work after receiving instructions on safety rules at the workplace. In the presence of a qualification certificate of a minder (engineer), a turner may be involved in watch maintenance of a mechanical installation.

Refrigerator Mechanic

238. The refrigerator mechanic reports directly to the chief mechanic. The refrigeration mechanics are subordinate to the refrigeration machinists.

The refrigeration mechanic is responsible for the reliable operation, correct technical operation and technical condition of the refrigeration and air conditioning unit with all the technical means serving it (including the air system), automation tools (except for electrical circuit elements), instrumentation and other technical means of his department .

The refrigeration mechanic is in charge of replacement parts and logistics of his department and is the responsible manager of refrigeration installations.

239. A refrigeration mechanic is obliged by his authority to:

(01) to ensure compliance with the specified modes in all refrigerated rooms;

(02) comply with the rules for the technical operation of ship's technical equipment, the instructions of the construction plants and other instructions, eliminate personally or with the involvement of ship's specialists the revealed defects and failures of the technical equipment, draw up a work plan and submit it to the chief engineer;

Second electrician

255. The second electrician (on electric ships) is directly subordinate to the senior electrician. If necessary, the second electrician replaces the senior electrician.

The second electromechanic is responsible for the reliable operation and technical condition of the main generators, propulsion motors and main electric drives serving the propulsion unit, the central control post of the propulsion unit, the electric drive of the steering gear, autopilot, emergency rescue and fire pumps, electric propulsion panels and an auxiliary power plant, engine telegraph, control posts, means of automation and control of the vessel's electric movement.

The second electrician is in charge of the electrical workshop and electrical storage rooms.

256. The second electromechanic is obliged by his management:

(02) eliminate personally or with the involvement of ship's specialists the revealed defects and failures of electrical equipment;

(05) draw up procurement requisitions and keep records of replacement parts and tools;

(06) with the permission of the chief electrician, rotate the propulsion motors and main generators after the repair and maintenance work has been completed;

(07) keep a log of insulation resistance measurements.

The second electrician keeps watch according to the ship's schedule.

257. On ships without electric propulsion, the second electrician is subordinate to the first electrician and, if necessary, replaces him. Responsibilities for supervision between the first and second electromechanics are distributed by the senior mechanic.

Third electrician

258. The third electrician (on electric ships) is directly subordinate to the senior electrician. If necessary, the third electrician replaces the second electrician.

The third electrician is responsible for the reliable operation and technical condition of auxiliary and emergency generators, electrical equipment of deck mechanisms, thruster, electric drives of auxiliary mechanisms of the engine room, electrical part of boiler automation.

259. The third electromechanic is obliged by his management:

(01) comply with the rules for the technical operation of ship's electrical equipment, rules, safety and fire safety instructions;

(02) eliminate personally or with the involvement of ship's specialists the revealed defects and failures of electrical equipment;

(03) supervise the work of ship specialists allocated to him, ensuring the safe organization of work;

(04) draw up repair lists, control the quality of work performed by shore and ship specialists;

(05) draw up procurement requisitions and maintain inventory of replacement parts and tools. The third electrician keeps watch according to the ship's schedule.

Fourth electrician

260. The fourth electrician (on electric ships) is directly subordinate to the senior electrician. In necessary cases, the fourth electromechanic replaces the third electromechanic.

The fourth electrician is responsible for the reliable operation and technical condition of the cable network, electric drives of auxiliary mechanisms that are not included in the management of the second and third electricians, electric fans, converters, electrical equipment of the galley, lighting, including emergency, navigation lights, searchlights, typhons and batteries.

261. The fourth electromechanic is obliged by his management:

(01) follow the rules for the technical operation of ship's electrical equipment, rules, safety instructions and fire safety rules;

(02) eliminate personally or with the involvement of ship's specialists the revealed defects and failures of electrical equipment;

(03) supervise the work of ship specialists allocated to him, ensuring the safe organization of work;

(04) draw up repair lists, control the quality of work performed by shore and ship specialists;

(05) draw up procurement requisitions and keep records of replacement parts and tools;

(06) timely, according to the instructions, charge batteries, keep a battery log;

(07) monitor the correct use of electric lighting. The fourth electrician keeps watch according to the ship's schedule.

ATS technician

262. The ATS technician is directly subordinate to the senior electromechanic (electromechanic).

The ATS technician is responsible for the reliable operation and technical condition of the ship's automatic telephone exchange, command telephone switches and on-board signaling systems.

263. ATS technician must:

(01) follow the rules for the technical operation of ship's electrical equipment, rules, safety instructions and fire safety rules;

(02) carry out maintenance facilities telephone communication and in-ship alarm systems and monitor their correct use;

(03) to maintain the established technical documentation in his department. ATS technician may be involved in the watchkeeping and maintenance of ship's electrical equipment in the presence of an electrician's qualification certificate.

Senior electrician

264. A senior electrician reports to an electrician or a senior electrician (on electric ships). On ships where the position of an electrician is not provided, the chief electrician reports to the second mechanic. If necessary, the senior electrician replaces the electromechanic.

265. The senior electrician is obliged:

(01) to carry out maintenance of all shipboard electrical equipment and internal telephone communications;

(03) manage the electrical workshop and electrical storerooms, ensure proper storage, accounting and expenditure of material and technical supply for the electrical part;

(04) keep a watch according to the ship's schedule if the ship has an electrician watch.

266. On ships where the staff list does not provide for the position of the fourth electrician, the chief electrician, with the permission and under the responsibility of the chief electrician, may be allowed to keep the watch of the electrician.

267. When the vessel passes narrowness, enters and leaves the port and during mooring operations, the chief electrician shall keep watch in the place indicated by the electrician.

268. The chief electrician may be involved, at the direction of the chief engineer, in the maintenance and repair of all ship technical equipment and other work that is not part of his direct duties, including mooring operations and cargo securing, after appropriate training, obtaining a qualification certificate, instructions on safety regulations at the workplace and registration of his admission to these works by order of the captain.

Electrician 1st class

269. An electrician of the 1st class is subordinate to an electrician or a senior electrician (on electric ships). On ships where the position of an electrician is not provided, an electrician of the 1st class is subordinate to the second engineer. If necessary, an electrician of the 1st class replaces the senior electrician.

270. An electrician of the 1st class must:

(01) know the structure and principle of operation of all ship electrical equipment;

(02) be able to manage all the technical means of the ship's electrical equipment;

(03) know the principle of operation and design features of a mechanical installation;

(04) be able to use all shipboard fire fighting equipment.

271. An electrician of the 1st class is obliged:

(02) comply with the rules for the technical operation of ship's electrical equipment, instructions, safety and fire safety rules;

(03) to keep a watch according to the ship's schedule if the ship has an electrician watch.

272. When a vessel passes narrowness, enters and exits the port and during mooring operations, an electrician of the 1st class shall keep watch in the place indicated by the electrician.

273. An electrician of the 1st class may be involved, at the direction of the chief engineer, in the maintenance and repair of all ship technical equipment and other work not included in the scope of his direct duties, including mooring operations and cargo securing, after appropriate training, obtaining a qualification certificate, briefing according to the safety regulations at the workplace and registration of his admission to these works by order of the captain.

Electrician II class

274. An electrician of class II is subordinate to an electrician or a senior electrician (on electric ships). On ships where the position of an electrician is not provided, an electrician of the II class is subordinate to the second engineer.

A class II electrician must:

(01) know the principle of operation of the ship's electrical equipment;

(02) be able to operate the technical means of electrical equipment of a mechanical installation;

(03) know the principle of operation and design features of a mechanical installation;

(04) be able to use fire extinguishing equipment in the engine room.

275. An electrician of the II class is obliged:

(01) take part in the maintenance and repair of all shipboard electrical equipment;

(02) comply with the rules for the technical operation of ship's electrical equipment, fire safety and safety regulations;

(03) to keep watch according to the ship's schedule, if the ship is assigned to keep watch by electricians.

276. When a vessel passes narrowness, enters and exits the port and during mooring operations, an electrician of class II shall keep watch at the place indicated by the electrician.

277. An electrician of the II class may be involved, at the direction of the chief engineer, in the maintenance and repair of all ship technical equipment and other work not included in the scope of his direct duties, including mooring operations and cargo securing, after appropriate training, obtaining a qualification certificate, briefing according to the safety regulations at the workplace and registration of his admission to these works by order of the captain.

Boatswain

278. The boatswain reports to the chief engineer, is the commander of the crew members directly subordinate to him and the head of work on the hull.

When preparing a vessel for a voyage and sailing in difficult conditions, as well as to perform work related to ensuring the safe transportation of goods and ship's property, the boatswain is placed at the disposal of the senior mate.

The boatswain provides maintenance:

(01) hulls, decks, superstructures, cargo and ship premises, ballast tanks and fresh water tanks, their measuring, air and receiving pipes, spars, rigging, ladders, storm ladders and fender protection of the vessel;

(02) steering, cargo, anchor, mooring and towing devices with their technical means (except for the mechanical and electrical parts of these means);

(03) life-saving appliances, fire-fighting, rescue equipment, property and inventory and other technical means of its department.

The boatswain is in charge of spare parts, logistics and storerooms according to his management. The boatswain directs painting and rigging work on the ship (including engine rooms).

279. The boatswain is obliged:

(01) comply with the rules for the technical operation of the technical means of his department, eliminate personally or with the involvement of ship's specialists the revealed defects and failures of these technical means;

(02) draw up a work plan for the hull and submit it for approval to the chief engineer;

(03) distribute the crew members subordinate to him according to shifts and work, in coordination with the chief engineer and chief mate, keep records of their working hours and days of rest;

(04) comply with the rules, instructions on safety and fire safety, require the observance of these rules by persons subordinate to him and ensure the safe organization of work;

(05) supervise maintenance and preventive work on the hull performed by ship's specialists;

(06) ensure the preparation of the holds and the cargo complex for cargo operations, take part in the loading and unloading of heavy and bulky cargo;

(07) ensure the preparation of the hull for the departure of the ship and stormy navigation, securing cargo, equipment, property, supervise the securing of cargo by shore specialists and report to the watch officer;

(08) before each ship's arrival in the port, check the serviceability of ladder winches, involving responsible persons for this, if necessary;

(09) to ensure readiness for action of emergency and fire-fighting equipment, property, life-saving appliances for collective and individual use, their supplies and descenders;

(10) ensure timely checks and tests of anchor chains, pulleys, hooks, chains, shackles and other rigging property of the hull;

(11) prepare materials for compiling repair lists, control the quality of hull work performed by onshore specialists;

(12) to keep the deck, quarters and crew mess clean and tidy;

(13) to acquaint the crew members newly boarding the ship with the command schedule, the muster list, the location of emergency and fire-fighting equipment and property, life-saving equipment for collective and individual use and teach how to handle them;

(14) to draw up requests for material and technical supply according to their management, to ensure the receipt, accounting and storage of spare parts and material and technical supply of the hull part;

(15) maintain the prescribed documentation for their department.

280. When a vessel passes through narrow places, enters a port, leaves it, when approaching the anchorage and during mooring operations, the boatswain must be on the forecastle or, if necessary, in another place as directed by the chief mate.

When the vessel was in the port, the boatswain ordered, at the direction of the watch officer, to ensure the performance of work related to the operation and safe anchorage of the vessel, with the notification of the chief engineer.

The boatswain may be involved in keeping watch at the direction of the captain.

281. On ships where the position of chief sailor is not provided, the boatswain performs his duties.

On ships where several boatswains are provided, their duties are determined in accordance with the established procedure.

Sub-skipper

282. The sub-skipper reports directly to the boatswain and is his deputy.

The sub-skipper carries out the reception, accounting and storage of spare parts and logistics of the hull part.

283. The sub-skipper is obliged:

(01) prepare materials for applications for the logistics of the hull and submit them to the boatswain;

(02) ensure proper storage and repair of tarpaulins, tarpaulins, windzels, life jackets, covers and other property of the hull;

(03) to ensure the serviceability and safety of small-scale mechanization, devices, inventory and tools of the body part;

(04) carry out ship rigging, sailing and painting work, compose paints required for painting work;

(05) manage deck facilities;

(06) ensure that fire hoses, union nuts, fire extinguishers and emergency lights are in good condition;

(07) ensure fire safety, cleanliness and order in storage rooms

hull and sub-skipper, comply with safety regulations;

(08) to ensure the safety and good condition of portable chandeliers and lamps, timely handing them over for repair to an electrician;

(09) to perform the duties of chief seaman (on ships where the position of chief seaman is not provided).

284. The sub-skipper must have a qualification certificate of a sailor of the 1st class and may be involved in keeping watch.

During mooring operations, the sub-skipper shall be at the stern or in another place as directed by the chief mate.

Senior sailor (carpenter)

285. The chief sailor is directly subordinate to the boatswain. If necessary, the senior sailor replaces the boatswain.

The chief sailor must:

(01) be able to perform ship hull carpentry;

(02) be able to manage all the technical means of the hull part;

(03) be able to use deck fire extinguishing equipment;

(04) know the fresh water intake system, the location of the ballast tanks and fresh water tanks, their air and measuring pipes and the measuring pipes of the cargo spaces throughout the ship.

286. The chief sailor is obliged:

(01) receive fresh water, make daily measurements of water in tanks, sumps and bilges, record the results of measurements on a board in the engine room, in a measurement book and report to the chief mate;

(02) perform carpentry work and take part in ship work, maintenance and repair of the hull, rigging and painting work on the ship;

(03) ensure that portholes, doors, hatches, manholes, necks, dimmers and air dampers of ventilation devices are in good condition and watertight;

(04) monitor the technical condition of the fire main on deck, the drainage pipeline in the holds, receiving nets, bilges, payols, fish and hatch covers of cargo spaces;

(05) to ensure the preparation of gazebos and scaffolding for work overboard, on masts and chimneys;

(06) ensure the proper condition of fenders, tiller-hoists and steering ropes, ladders, storm ladders and gangways;

(07) ensure fire safety in the carpentry and comply with safety regulations, supervise the work of sailors;

(08) perform the duties of a sub-skipper (on ships where the position of sub-skipper is not provided).

During mooring operations, the chief sailor must be at the stern or in another place as directed by the chief mate.

287. The chief sailor must have a qualification certificate of a sailor of the 1st class and may be involved in keeping watch on the instructions of the captain.

The chief sailor may be involved in painting and rigging work in engine rooms after receiving instructions on safety rules at the workplace.

Sailor 1st class

288. A class I sailor is directly subordinate to the boatswain. Sailor I class must:

(01) know and perform the duties of a second class sailor;

(02) know signal production;

(03) be able to operate deck equipment;

(04) be able to use ship's life-saving appliances and operate lifeboats at oars and under sails;

(05) to know the location of storage areas for emergency equipment, fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them;

(06) to know the location of the ballast and fresh water tanks, their metering, air pipes and metering pipes of cargo spaces throughout the ship, be able to manipulate the main drives of the clinkets on the decks;

(07) be able to stake out the lot lines and measure the depth with a manual lot.

289. A sailor of the 1st class is obliged:

(01) keep navigational watch on the bridge and berth watch at the gangway according to the ship's schedule;

(02) take part in shipboard operations and hull maintenance (including work at height and overboard);

(03) take part in the preparation of cargo devices and premises for cargo operations, open and close cargo holds equipped with hatch covers with mechanical and hydraulic drives.

290. The most experienced sailor of the 1st class is appointed chief helmsman.

The chief helmsman is obliged to ensure cleanliness and order in the navigation and wheelhouses, proper maintenance and storage of signal flags and signs, hand lots, outboard towed logs and a hand foghorn.

Sailor II class

291. A class II sailor is directly subordinate to the boatswain.

A class II sailor must:

(01) know the location on the ship of rescue fire-fighting equipment, property, inventory and be able to use them for their intended purpose;

(02) be able to use ship's life-saving appliances and operate boats with manual and mechanical drives;

(03) be able to receive and transmit messages by means of light and flag signaling;

(04) be able to perform painting, rigging and sailing work.

292. Sailor II class is obliged:

(01) maintain navigational watch on the bridge and berth watch at the gangway in accordance with the ship's schedule;

(02) take part in shipboard and hull maintenance work;

(03) take part in opening and closing hatches of holds, release and select the outboard log, take log readings;

(04) take part in the preparation and cleaning of cargo facilities and inventory;

(05) clean deck and ship spaces;

(06) take part in mooring operations according to the ship's schedule;

(07) when performing work related to cargo operations:

before starting cargo operations, make sure that the hatch covers with hydraulic and mechanical drives are securely fastened, the necks of all tanks are battened down, the pipelines are in good order, the bilges, sewers and receiving screens are clean, and the bilge covers are tightly closed;

during cargo operations, be in the hold or at the hatch and monitor the placement of cargo as directed by the second mate;

control the separation of cargo and, if necessary, keep an account of the cargo;

observe the safety of cargo in the hold and not allow for loading packages that have faulty packaging or markings that do not comply with the documentation. Report all detected deficiencies immediately to the captain's officer on duty;

upon termination of cargo operations, report to the watch officer;

if not all beams are removed during loading operations, make sure that the remaining beams are carefully bolted;

monitor the condition of the bilge ladders. Report all discovered damages immediately to the officer in charge of the watch;

do not allow persons in a state of intoxication to enter the hold;

not to allow smoking in the hold, to ensure order and cleanliness in the hold;

(08) in the absence of a position of a sailor of the fire brigade in the state of the ship, perform his duties.

A class II sailor may be involved in painting and rigging work in engine rooms after receiving instructions on safety regulations at the workplace.

Sailor diver

293. The sailor-diver is directly subordinate to the boatswain. A sailor-diver performs underwater work on the order of the chief engineer, guided by the safety regulations and current regulations regarding the performance of diving operations.

Sailor-diver ensures the good condition of diving equipment and property, performs ship work and is involved in keeping watch.

If there are several sailors-divers on the ship, the more experienced of them is appointed senior.

Chapter VIII SERVICE OF HOUSEHOLD

Assistant captain for economic affairs

294. The captain's assistant for household affairs reports directly to the senior captain's assistant and is the head of the household service (household service team).

295. The captain’s assistant for the economic part organizes the meals for the ship’s crew, ensures the timely receipt and storage of food allowances and drinking water, as well as the receipt of logistics (excluding the supply of a bunker, lubricants, water), maintains a cash book, makes settlements with the crew , draws up cash reports, ensures compliance with the rules and instructions on safety, fire safety, as well as sanitary rules by crew members subordinate to him.

296. The captain's assistant for the economic part is obliged:

(01) to prepare and fill out requests for food and manufactured goods in a timely manner, to check their availability upon delivery of products to the ship;

(02) together with the doctor, draw up a meal menu for the crew and passengers (in the absence of a passenger service), providing the necessary calorie content and variety in the assortment of food, taking into account the requests of crew members;

(03) on the first day of the following month, as well as at the request of the master or the ship's committee, together with the appointed commission and the participation of the ship's doctor, check products, tobacco and other products and containers. The check is drawn up by an act, which is approved by the captain;

(04) keep records of food, tobacco products, logistics, inventory and cash;

(05) to prepare cash and cash reports and after their approval by the captain

send to the shipowner in the prescribed manner;

(06) prepare and timely submit applications for galley, pantry property and, together with materially responsible persons, organize their receipt;

(07) on the basis of received from material responsible persons prepare documents and timely submit materials for the inventory of material assets.

297. The captain's assistant for the economic part must:

(01) to keep a time sheet of crew members, as well as a time sheet for overtime work and send them to the shipowner;

(02) in agreement with the chief assistant and chief engineer, draw up requests for logistics;

(03) keep records of the expenditure of the ship's logistics limit;

(04) exercise control over the correct receipt of money from crew members for all types of debts;

(05) draw up and issue certificates, customs and other certificates to crew members leaving the vessel;

(06) to ensure the timely exchange and refueling of fire extinguishers, instrumentation apparatus and scuba gear.

298. The captain's assistant for the economic part is responsible in accordance with the procedure established by law:

(01) for issuance, accounting and balance Money in Soviet, foreign currency and checks of Vneshtorgbank;

(02) for the sanitary condition of ship premises, ship block premises and equipment;

(03) for compliance with the rules and instructions on safety, fire safety and sanitary regulations by members of the household service (household service team).

299. If a captain's assistant in charge of economic affairs is awarded a naval rank diploma, he may be involved in keeping a watch both on the move and while at rest.

Cook

300. The cook on ships where there is no head of production is directly subordinate to the captain's assistant for the economic part, and in his absence - to the senior captain's assistant.

The cook directs the work of the galley staff.

The chef's job is to prepare and serve food.

The cook takes part in the preparation of applications for products and controls the quality of products delivered to the ship.

The cook ensures that the galley premises and equipment, galley utensils and refrigerators are maintained in proper condition, and also takes measures to timely receive and necessary repair galley equipment and other property.

The cook takes part in the preparation of the menu together with the ship's doctor and artel worker and submits it for approval to the master's assistant for the economic part, and in his absence - to the captain's senior assistant.

On ships where there is no position of a baker, his duties are assigned to the cook.

On ships where there are several cooks, one of them is appointed senior.

Baker

301. The baker reports directly to the cook.

The duties of a baker include baking bakery and confectionery products and working on. galley under the guidance of a chef.

caboose

302. The galley worker is directly subordinate to the cook and performs work on his instructions. It is the responsibility of the galley keeper to keep the galley, galley utility rooms and utensils clean.

On ships where there is one cook, the galley attendant assists him in the preparation and distribution of food.

bartender

303. The bartender is directly subordinate to the captain's assistant for economic affairs, and in his absence - to the senior captain's assistant.

The bartender is responsible for managing the buffet, cleaning and maintaining the wardroom, as well as cleaning the cabins of the captain and senior officers.

The bartender accepts dishes, buffet equipment, table linen, as well as the crew's bed linen, monitors their proper condition and keeps a record of this property.

Orderly

304. The orderly is directly subordinate to the assistant captain for the economic part. In the absence of an assistant captain for the economic part of the staff, the orderly is subordinate to the senior assistant to the captain.

The duties of the orderly include cleaning the cabins of the command staff, service premises, the red corner (club), corridors, as well as keeping the canteen team premises clean, serving food to the canteen of the ship's team and washing dishes.

The orderly takes the necessary amount of dishes, linen and other equipment from the barman and monitors their safety.

If there is more than one orderly on the ship's staff, the duties of each of them are determined by the master's assistant for the economic part, and in his absence - by the senior captain's assistant.

On the passenger ships the orderlies serving the passenger quarters are directly subordinate to the senior flight attendant and their duties are established by the assistant captain for the passenger section.

Artel worker

305. Artel worker is elected at the general meeting of the crew with subsequent appointment by order of the vessel.

Artelshchik directly reports to the assistant captain for the economic part, and in his absence - to the senior assistant to the captain.

In addition to fulfilling his duties in his full-time position, the artel worker receives food for the crew and ensures its safety in accordance with established sanitary rules, and also monitors the proper maintenance of pantries and other food storage facilities, daily issues, in accordance with the approved menu , products for cooks for cooking, takes part in the preparation of the menu, and also sells food and everyday items to crew members.

The artel worker keeps records of the daily consumption of products and bears financial responsibility in accordance with the procedure established by law for the safety of food.

Chapter IX RADIO TECHNICAL SERVICE

Head of the radio station

306. The head of the radio station is directly subordinate to the captain and is the head of the radio engineering service.

The head of the radio station directs the work of the ship's radio specialists, the electric radio navigator, and keeps a radio watch in accordance with the Radio Communication Rules of the Maritime Mobile Service of the USSR and the ship's timetable.

The head of the radio station is responsible for the ship's radio communications, the technical condition and constant readiness for operation of radio communication and radio broadcasting equipment, television sets, facsimile equipment, boat radios, ship inventory radios, and tape recorders.

Radio station manager. is responsible for the technical condition and constant readiness for operation of radio navigation devices in the case when their maintenance is entrusted to him.

If there is an electric radio navigator position in the ship’s staff, the head of the radio station is responsible for the technical condition and constant readiness for operation of all electric and radio navigation devices.

307. The head of the radio station is obliged:

(01) to strictly comply with the Radio Communication Rules of the Maritime Mobile Service of the USSR;

(02) monitor compliance with sanitary standards for radio emission from ship's transmitting devices;

(03) to ensure compliance with safety rules and instructions by persons subordinate to him;

(04) draw up a schedule of watches for radio specialists and submit it to the captain for approval;

(05) organize and carry out the regular and timely reception of weather reports and storm warnings in the areas indicated by the master, as well as navigational notices to mariners (NAVIM) and navigational warnings (NAVIP);

(06) ensure the continued availability of emergency radio communications;

(07) to immediately open the watch on 500 kHz or 2182 kHz in case of danger to the ship or receiving an alarm from an auto alarm;

(08) to receive facsimile transmissions of weather and sea charts;

(09) daily check the radiotelegraph log, sign it and submit it to the master for signature;

(10) submit a voyage report to the head of the communications and electric radio navigation service of the shipowner.

§ 112. Charter and watchkeeping service on a sea vessel

Modern ship is complex engineering structure, equipped with various perfect machines, devices and devices. The crew serving the ship must know the equipment entrusted to him well, be able to use it correctly and maintain it in proper technical condition. The duties of each crew member are regulated by the Charter of Service on the Ships of the USSR Navy. In accordance with it, the entire crew is divided into deck and engine crews and maintenance personnel, as well as into command staff and ship crew. The command staff is divided into senior, middle and junior. The senior includes the captain, senior assistant, assistant captain for political affairs, chief and senior mechanics. Assistants to the captain, mechanics, electromechanics, the head of the ship's radio station and radio operators, a doctor and an accountant belong to the average command staff. The boatswain, senior engineer and senior minder - to the junior staff.

The deck crew consists of a boatswain, sub-skipper, carpenter, senior sailor, senior helmsman, sailors of the I and II classes, a medical orderly, a deck mechanic, a diving sailor, bilge sailors, a navigational apprentice, trainees, and an orderly. The machine team includes a senior machinist (senior minder), machinists (minders) of I and II classes, a storekeeper, a turner, refrigerator and crane operators, students and trainees. The service staff includes: an accountant, a senior cook, cooks, galley workers, an artel worker, a barman, cleaners, an orderly, a laundress, etc.

The number of crew depends on the type, purpose and size of the ship and is regulated by the staff list of each ship, which indicates the list of positions and the number of staff positions for each position.

The navigation staff of the ship, headed by the captain, ensures the fulfillment of the main production tasks of the ship: acceptance, delivery and high-quality transportation of goods, transportation of passengers, safety of the ship, provides navigational assistance to the ship, controls the ship, maintains the material part of the navigation equipment in proper condition.

The management of all activities of the vessel is carried out by the captain, who is entrusted with the sole management of the vessel. The captain reports to the head of the shipping company. All orders of the shipping company enter the ship only through the captain, who is responsible for their implementation. The captain of the ship is responsible for the ship and crew entrusted to him, for navigation and the safety of the transported goods, ensures that the ship fulfills production plans and the correct technical use of the ship, and is responsible for the political and moral state of the personnel.

In his activities, the captain is guided by the Charter of service on ships of the navy of the USSR, the Merchant Shipping Code of the USSR, the Rules for the technical operation of ships of the navy, international conventions, treaties, orders and instructions of the shipping company and the relevant authorities. The chief officer is the first deputy captain, he is responsible for the order and discipline on the ship. The entire crew of the ship is administratively subordinate to him. The senior assistant directs the work of the navigational staff and the deck crew and is responsible for the technical condition of the ship's hull, superstructures, cargo gear, anchor, mooring, steering gear, ship's premises, life-saving appliances, signal lights and devices, etc.; is responsible for preparing holds and other cargo spaces for receiving cargo; ensures safe loading of heavyweights onto the ship and their fastening; controls the correct stowage and separation of cargoes, is in charge of the placement of stocks on the ship and their movement from one compartment to another.

The chief assistant manages the rescue and fire department and ensures the fight for the survivability and unsinkability of the ship; is on watch.

The second assistant carries out the running and parking watch. During the mooring of the ship, he usually directs the mooring operations from the stern. One of the main duties of the second officer is the acceptance, issuance, placement and security of cargo, mail and passenger baggage carried on board. He issues navigational receipts for the acceptance of cargo, supervises the work of hold sailors and shore counters, is responsible for the condition of cargo spaces and cargo equipment, monitors the distribution of cargo in holds, draws up a notice of the ship's readiness for cargo operations, maintains a cargo book; on the. icebreakers, sea tugs and other vessels not engaged in the carriage of goods, maintains the ship's cash desk and performs other tasks as directed by the captain.

The third assistant is on the running and parking watch. One of his main duties is to properly maintain navigational equipment and aids on board. The third officer is in charge of electro-radio navigation devices, compasses, logs, lots, means of visual and audible signaling and communication, navigational aids and instruments, and ship time service. He takes care of the timely replenishment of navigation and electro-radio navigation equipment and aids. In the absence of a fourth mate on the ship, the third mate maintains the ship's office and cash book. He draws up the arrival and departure of the ship, the ship's rolls, keeps records of the movement of the ship's personnel and issues the necessary certificates.

The duties of the fourth and fifth officers are established by order of the captain.

The captain's assistant for the passenger side is responsible for the proper servicing of passengers, is the immediate head of the ship's personnel serving passengers. Reports to the captain and chief officer.

The captain's assistant for the fire and technical department is responsible for the serviceability and readiness for action of fire extinguishing equipment and is responsible for the implementation by all crew members and workers during the ship's repair of the fire regime and fire safety rules. Subordinates to the chief mate.

The boatswain is the immediate head of the deck crew and distributes work among the members of the deck crew, monitors the correctness, accuracy and speed of its execution. The boatswain is responsible for the proper maintenance of the ship's hull, ship's spaces, cargo gear, anchor, steering and mooring gear and life-saving appliances. During mooring operations, the boatswain controls the operation of the windlass and ensures the well-coordinated work of the crew on the forecastle.

The boatswain's assistant for the economic part is the sub-skipper, whose duties include acceptance, storage and issuance of materials and equipment, their accounting and refueling of tools. Sailors put the deck, superstructures, rigging in order, paint the ship, carry out running and parking watches. The chief sailor is appointed from among the most experienced sailors, he is in charge of order in the chart room and stands at the helm when the vessel enters and leaves the port, in narrow places and in other cases at the discretion of the captain.

The bilge sailors are appointed from among the most experienced sailors and, in accordance with the instructions of the second mate, ensure the correct loading and unloading of cargo, their registration, stowage and separation, are responsible for observing the rules of technical operation, safety, rules for loading and unloading cargo.

The watch officer is responsible for the watch service, for the safety of the vessel, people, for the safety of cargo and property. Without the permission of the captain, the watch officer does not have the right to leave; is obliged to monitor the timely raising and lowering of the flag, the inclusion of running and parking lights, ensure timely ventilation of cargo spaces and closing hatches in bad weather, prevent smoking in prohibited areas, restore order on the ship in case of its violation, keep a ship's log in the prescribed manner, in emergency cases, before receiving the captain's order, take independently decisions and measures to ensure the safety of the vessel, crew, passengers, cargo.

On the ship's course, the navigator, before joining the watch, must familiarize himself with the navigation area of ​​the ship and the navigational situation. When accepting a watch, the navigator must receive from the handing over the watch full information regarding the conditions of navigation and various circumstances that accompanied navigation, check on the map the position of the vessel, the serviceability of the lights (operating and spare). The officer on watch keeps the ship's track, possibly checking the ship's position more often by means of observations.

At the ship's stopover, when taking over the watch, the navigator must receive from the handing over full information about the navigational and operational status of the ship: about the readiness of the ship to go on a voyage, about the presence of the crew on the ship, the status of cargo operations, the presence of cargo on the ship, about the upcoming ship and loading unloading operations, the amount of etched anchor chain and available mooring lines, etc.

The officer on duty ensures the performance of watch duty, monitors the hydrometeorological situation at the parking lot in the roadstead, monitors the mooring lines at the berth, the progress of cargo operations, preventing the vessel from listing, monitors the water level in the bilges, and is in charge of crew dismissal to the shore. During stops in ports, he must know the local rules and be guided by them.

The engine team is headed by the chief (senior) mechanic, who is the technical manager of all crew members who control the machines and other ship equipment. The chief engineer is responsible for the technical operation of the entire mechanical and electromechanical part of the vessel.

The second engineer supervises all the work of the ship's engine crew for the operation and repair of the mechanical and electromechanical parts of the ship. The third mechanic is responsible for auxiliary engines, boiler plants and steam lines, compressors, fuel, ballast and air system, the mechanical part of the steering device. The fourth mechanic is responsible for the condition of all deck mechanisms and systems. If there are only three engineers on the ship, then these duties are performed by a third engineer.

All mechanics, except for the chief (senior), keep watch in the engine room,

The electrician is in charge of the ship's electrical mechanisms, electrical network, electric winches, windlass, steering gear, demagnetizer.

Who else does not know that the boatswain in the jargon of the merchant fleet is a "dragon"? It's time to fill in the gaps in knowledge, you live in a sea city! “Grandfather”, for example, is a senior mechanic, “cook” is a cook, “chief” is a first mate, “second” is a second assistant to the captain (“master”) ... well, etc. The word Bootsmann (ship man) came from The Netherlands, apparently, together with Peter I. And from time immemorial, a comic "dragon" lives in parallel with him.

And on the eve of the upcoming year of the Dragon, the Far Eastern shipping company, one of the largest shipping companies in Russia, helped us find the real "dragon" - Andrey Popov. We are talking with him.

He graduated from the Higher School of Music, at the age of 19 (it was in 1978) he came to the FESCO as a sailor, then he graduated from the "average" sailor. 30 years in the Navy, from a sailor to a boatswain - a seasoned "dragon"! With the medal "200 Years of the Navy" and certificates for long work. He worked on bulk carriers, container ships, icebreakers - on ships of various classes. I have been to all parts of the world, except, perhaps, Antarctica. The longest flight took 7 months: through Europe to America, where they carried goods by Caribbean. Wherever the native shipping company sent, I went there. When I was young, I wanted to go further, to see the world. And for the last three years, he has been “dragonizing” on local lines to Magadan (where his container ship “Kapitan Gnezdilov” is now going, while the boatswain himself is on vacation), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Korsakov - huddled up to the house, there is a wife and son, an adult, however, already , independent.

Andrei explains the role of the "dragon" on the ship. He's in charge on deck. It has all the mechanisms, rigging. "Dragon" loads with work. Follows the people, so that the people do not violate safety precautions, for life-saving equipment. So that everything is fixed, painted, lubricated, spinning and spinning. The “deputy dragon” - “knot” (carpenter) is engaged in the same business. So that everything is in order, the ship does not tolerate sloppiness. In fact, people's lives depend on the boatswain. Therefore, a little where there is disorder - it can even irritate with obscenities. After all, this is only an assumption that the ancient Athenian legislator Drakon collected and wrote down the Greek laws, which were quite severe, and hence their name "draconian measures." In fact, the draconian measures are when the boatswain applies the boatswain's mat. “Not without it,” says Andrey. “There are times when words are not understood.”

It happens that everything is fixed as it should, and the case, the elements - and even metal does not withstand. In the Bay of Biscay, they went from Holland to Spain, got into a strong storm, the steamer "went" at 46 degrees, the rods (container fastenings) tore. It was scary to go out on deck. But, thank God, it worked out - the containers "didn't leave". In Andrei's "dragon" practice, this case is the only one (pah-pah-pah), he carried it. There were no people overboard either. True, there was a case in Singapore when they were going from a dismissal to a steamer, and a Chinese brought the boat aground. Well, then they jumped overboard, filmed manually. And there was a case in Vietnam - in Cam Ranh they painted the side. Painted, decided to swim. Like 5 meters from the shore. They just swam and climbed on board - sharks! .. This is not the Vietnamese cockroach Yashka, although it was the size of a matchbox, which walked around the deck like at home ...

"Dragon" is a serious position, no joke. Yes, and there were fewer holidays in the fleet, even the day of Neptune was no longer celebrated - so that there would be no injuries ... Hmmm ... It became more severe, you have to work at sea. But in life there is always a place for a draw. When we were in America, the gas-electric welder-minder was a terrible lover of fishing: he threw fishing rods from any position. Drops and leaves. The people found an old "reptile" (naval shoe), hooked it to a bait and threw it away. The fisherman comes: pecked! Yes, it drags so hard that it does not break. Pulls out: “And then the Russians put on their boots! "And there was a case, in the Japanese Toyamachinka, they chased a ferret all over the ship - he jumped up the ladder from the shore ...

Previously, the crews were large, 40 people each. And now they are 15–20, they work side by side for 4–6 months, practically a family, and with practically no psychological problems. If you have to New Year meet on the flight, put up a Christmas tree, bake a cake, sit over a cup of coffee and tea ... Prohibition, however! Andrey Popov found the New Year in Spain, and in Panama, and in Japan, and in Korea, and in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. But the most memorable - when he was at home at fifteen minutes to twelve. From the port of Vostochny at 23:30 we came to - and after 15 minutes, like in a fairy tale, I was at home! What miracle worked? moored at container terminal, lowered the ladder, and then a police squad was coming: “Comrades, policemen, take me! “Sit down, we are also going to celebrate! » And they drove off. They waited at home, of course, but they did not expect what would be in time for the chiming clock. Such miracles happen once in a lifetime.

And so, in fact, everything happened in life, from socialism to capitalism, including perestroika. Under socialism, there were crew changes and raid boats and now it's all about money. Salaries have become more, and life - more expensive. A boatswain's family can afford an average standard of living: an apartment, a car, a dacha, but you can't go to Moscow or the Caribbean, only to neighboring China or Korea. Few young people go to the fleet: they came, looked at the difficulties, worked 4 hours after 8, without Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, but far from home - and turned around ...

And I would like the "dragon" in the coming year, so that young people do not turn around from difficulties. And for this, the salary was higher. And then, maybe, he would have built a cottage for himself (laughs), but now there is no desire yet, because there are no opportunities yet ... But Andrei still thinks that the year of the Dragon will be successful, especially since his wife is a match for him, “Dragon”, “Dragon” - she was born in the year of the Dragon, and they are not far from the silver wedding. A successful year is a stable, without downtime, work, these are new steamships, this is a great employment of the people, without a turnover, this is to keep the family in harmony.

“I want to congratulate all the boatswains,” says Andrey Popov, “as well as all the sailors, from the captain to the cabin boy, and everyone who knows me and whom I know, and their families on the Year of the Dragon (my specialty). I would like to especially congratulate my mentors, who taught me maritime affairs: captains Ryumin, Nazarov, Neret and Zhuravlev. I wish you health, prosperity in the New Year and that we are always remembered and waited on the shore. Happy New Year! »

Irina Angarskaya, DVV talked to the "dragon"

Poems on the topic

The Year of the Cat-Hare is coming to an end,
Another miracle is flying towards us.
"Dragon" boatswain is called in the Navy,
And the boatswain keeps order.

"Dragon" - he is an important figure,
He is the most experienced sailor.
It has the entire naval structure,
And without it in the seas - nothing.

He instantly puts in place
What is out of place.
A little rigging "dragon" will correct,
And on the road, at full sail.

"Dragon", all unnecessary overboard!
Let it float in the old year.
We leave the port at midnight
Let's meet the New Year on the go.

So play, "dragon", on the pipe:
- Avral! Whistle up! On a hike!
Who is "FOR", who smiled at the joke -
Make ends meet... and HAPPY NEW YEAR!!!

The year of the Hare-Cat is coming to an end,
Behind him, the Dragon Year is coming.
So, everything is OK in the Navy.
Oh, to know what awaits behind the pier?