One of the most tragic and at the same time of the XX century is the collapse of the largest passenger liner of its time - the Titanic. Until now, there are numerous disputes about the details of his death: how many on the Titanic, how many of them survived, and how many died, whose fault was in the catastrophe. Let's try to at least partially understand these nuances.

Construction history

In order to find out how many people were on the Titanic, you must first determine the number of passengers and crew that it could potentially accommodate. For this purpose, we will plunge into the history of construction
The very idea of ​​creating a giant passenger ship arose in connection with a sharp competitive struggle between the companies "White Star Line" and "Cunard Line". The latter corporation by that time had already been able to create several large intercontinental liners, the largest for their time. Naturally, the White Star Line did not want to be left behind. And so the idea of ​​​​creating the Titanic was born, which was supposed to break records in terms of size and capacity.

Construction began in the spring of 1909 at a shipyard in Belfast, Ireland. More than one and a half thousand workers took part in the construction of this giant. They were built using the methods standard for that time, in which a vertical keel was mounted on the horizontal keel of the ship.

In the late spring of 1911, the Titanic was finally launched. But this did not mean that the construction was completed. Next, the equipment was installed in engine room and finishing work.

In February 1912, the ship was already completely ready, and in April it was put into operation.

Specifications "Titanic"

The Titanic, at the time of its inception, was the largest ship ever built. Its length was 259.8 m, height - 18.4 m, width - more than 28 m, draft - 10.54 m, displacement - 52,310 tons, weight - 46,330 tons. At the same time, it had a capacity of 55,000 horsepower and developed a speed of 24 knots, which was achieved thanks to three propellers, two four-cylinder engines and a steam turbine. Such dimensions and the presence of fifteen partitions created the illusion of unsinkability.

Now let's find out how many people on board the Titanic could be located at the same time. According to technical specifications, the ship could accommodate 2556 passengers and 908 crew members. In total - 3464 people. At the same time, only 20 lifeboats were located on the Titanic, which could accommodate only 1,178 passengers. That is, it was even initially assumed that in the event of a large-scale catastrophe, less than half of the people who could potentially be on the liner would be able to escape. But, most likely, no one even thought that such a disaster could happen on an "unsinkable" ship.

But, of course, the potential capacity of the ship does not yet give an exact answer to the question of how many people were on the Titanic at the time of the disaster. We will talk about this below.

departure

The Titanic made its first and, as it turned out later, last flight in the direction of Southampton (Britain) - New York (USA) across the Atlantic Ocean. The departure was scheduled for April 10, 1912.

Smith was appointed captain - one of the most experienced sailors of that time. He had twenty-five years of command experience behind him.

After loading passengers on the appointed day at 12:00, the Titanic set off on its final journey.

Number of passengers and crew

Now let's still find out how many people were on the Titanic when it set off on its fateful voyage.

According to the official chronicle, the number of the crew of the liner when it left Southampton was 891 people. Of these, 390 people of the ship's crew, eight of whom were officers, the rest - service personnel.

With the calculation of passengers, the situation is more complicated, since their number is constantly changing. This was due to the fact that some of the passengers got off, and some, on the contrary, boarded the ship at intermediate stops in Cherbourg and Queenstown.

943 passengers departed from Southampton, of which 195 traveled first class. But by the time they entered the open ocean, the number of passengers had increased to 1317 people. 324 of them were lucky enough to travel in the first class, 128 and 708 people were in the second and third, respectively. It should be noted that 125 children were present among the passengers.

Thus, we see that with a total passenger capacity of the Titanic of 2556 people, in its first and last voyage, it was loaded a little more than half. It should be noted that the provided number of boats would not even be enough to save all the passengers, not to mention the crew.

Among the famous passengers of the Titanic are millionaires John Jacob Astor and Benjamin Guggenheim, journalist William Stead, and assistant to the American president Archibald Bath.

Thus, we answered the question of how many people were on the Titanic.

Swimming

As already mentioned, after calling at Cherbourg and Queenstown, the liner went out into the open ocean and headed along the transatlantic route to the shores North America. The Titanic was given a speed limit of 21 knots, with a maximum possible speed of 24 knots.

The weather was great during the trip. The voyage itself took place without any special incidents and deviations from the course.

On April 14, 1912, having covered a total of 2,689 kilometers of the Atlantic route, the Titanic reached a point near Newfoundland, where it met with an iceberg.

clash

Icebergs are quite frequent "fellow travelers" of ships in North Atlantic. But the Titanic was moving, as it was believed, on a safe course, on which at that time of the year there should be no ice blocks. Nevertheless, on April 14, closer to midnight, their meeting took place.

The commands "To the port side" and "Full back" were immediately given. But it was already too late. A ship as huge as the Titanic could not successfully maneuver in such a narrow space. The collision happened at 23:40.

The blow was not very strong. Nevertheless, even this was enough to play a fatal role in the fate of many passengers and crew members. How many people died on the Titanic because of this fatal blow ...

After a collision with an iceberg, six holes were formed in five compartments. The Titanic was not designed for such a turn of events. The command realized that the fate of the ship was sealed. The designer stated that the ship would remain on the surface for no more than an hour and a half.

Passenger evacuation

The order was immediately given to rescue the passengers, first of all the team prepared the boats.

To prevent panic among the passengers, the true reasons for the evacuation were hidden from them, they said that it was carried out in order to prevent a possible collision with an iceberg. It was not difficult to convince people of this, because, as mentioned above, the impact on the Titanic was practically not felt. Many did not even want to leave the comfortable ship and change to boats.

But when the water began to gradually flood the ship, it was no longer possible to hide the true state of things. Panic arose on board, which intensified after the Titanic began to list. It became clear that there were not enough boats for all. The crush began. Everyone wanted to be among the rescued, although the team did their best to let women and children through first.

Two hours after midnight, the last boat with passengers set sail from the sinking ship. There was nothing more to transport the remaining people.

The sinking of the Titanic

Meanwhile, the water filled the ship more and more. First of all, the captain's bridge was flooded. The bow of the ship went under water, and the stern, on the contrary, rose a little. The people who remained on the Titanic rushed there.

As the sinking progressed, the angle between the ship's stern and bow began to widen, causing the Titanic to break in two. At 2:20 the liner finally sank.

But how many people died on the Titanic? Did any of the remaining passengers and crew on the ship survive? And how many people were saved from the Titanic? We will try to answer these questions below.

Number of survivors

In order to find out how many people died on the Titanic, two mandatory inputs must be identified. They can help answer this question. First of all, you need to find out how many people were on the Titanic. This is what we have defined above. You also need to know how many people were saved from the Titanic. Below we will try to answer this question.

According to official statistics, a total of 712 people were saved. Of these, 212 crew members and 500 passengers. The largest percentage of rescued people is among first class passengers, 62%. The number of survivors in the second and third grades was 42.6% and 25.6%, respectively. At the same time, only 23.6% of the team members managed to escape.

These figures are explained by the fact that the order was given in the first place to save passengers, not crew members. The greater number of survivors traveling in first class is due to the fact that the lower the class, the farther it was from the deck of the ship. Consequently, people had less access to lifeboats.

If we talk about how many people on the Titanic survived among those passengers and crew members who could not be evacuated, then we need to state the fact that it was simply impossible to save one's life in these conditions. The patient sucked everything after him into the abyss.

Now it will not be difficult for us to determine how many people drowned on the Titanic.

How many people died?

Having determined how many people survived on the Titanic, and also bearing in mind the initial number of passengers and crew members, it is not difficult to answer the question of the number of deaths during the crash.

1496 people died, that is, more than 67% of the people who were on the ship at the time of the collision with the ice block. Including 686 crew casualties and 810 passengers. These figures speak of the poor organization of the rescue of people in distress.

Thus, we found out how many people died on the Titanic.

Causes of the disaster

It is difficult to judge how great the fault of the crew members who failed to notice the iceberg in time. But it should be noted that the collision occurred late at night, moreover, in latitudes where at this time of the year no one expected to see an ice block.

Another thing is that the designers of the ship and the organizers of the voyage relied too much on the unsinkability of the Titanic. For this reason, only half of the boats from the required number were located on the ship. In addition, when organizing the evacuation, the team members did not know their exact capacity, so the first rescue boats were only half full.

How many people died on the Titanic, how many families lost their relatives only because no one even seriously thought about the possibility of a catastrophe ...

The meaning of the disaster

It is difficult to overestimate the impact that the death of the Titanic had on the minds of contemporaries. It was perceived as a response of the forces of nature to the aspirations of a man who, in his pride, decided that he had created an unsinkable ship.

There were also disputes among experts about the true causes of the tragedy and whether it could have been avoided, how many people survived on the Titanic and how many died.

The death of this miracle of human thought still excites the consciousness of people. This catastrophe has an impact on culture to this day. About the fate of the Titanic and the people who were on it at the time of the disaster, books are written and films are made.

a ”Frederick Fleet noticed an iceberg right on the course about 650 m from the liner. Striking the bell three times, he reported to the bridge. The first assistant commanded the helmsman: "Left aboard!" - and moved the handles of the machine telegraphs to the "Full back" position. A little later, so that the liner did not hit the iceberg with the stern, he commanded: “Right on board!”. However, the Titanic was too large for a quick maneuver, and continued to move by inertia for another 25-30 seconds, until her nose began to slowly deviate to the left.

At 23:40, the Titanic tangentially collided with an iceberg. On the upper decks, people felt a slight push and a slight trembling of the hull; on the lower decks, the blow was more noticeable. As a result of the collision, six holes were formed in the starboard plating with a total length of about 90 meters. At 00:05, Captain Smith ordered the crew to prepare the lifeboats for launch, then went into the radio room and ordered the radio operators to broadcast a distress signal.

Around 0:20 children and women were put into the boats. At 1:20 the water began to flood the forecastle. At this time, the first signs of panic appeared. The evacuation went faster. After 1:30 a.m., panic broke out on board. At about 2:00 the last boat was lowered, at 2:05 the water began to flood the boat deck and the captain's bridge. The remaining 1,500 people on board rushed towards the stern. The trim began to grow before our eyes, at 2:15 the first chimney collapsed. At 2:16 the power went out. At 02:18, with a bow trim of about 23°, the liner broke. The bow, falling off, immediately went to the bottom, and the stern filled with water and sank two minutes later.

At 2:20, the Titanic completely disappeared under the water. Hundreds of people swam to the surface, but almost all of them died from hypothermia. On two collapsible boats that did not have time to launch from the liner, about 45 people were saved. Eight more were rescued by two boats returning to the crash site (No. 4 and No. 14). An hour and a half after the Titanic was completely submerged, the steamer Carpathia arrived at the disaster site and picked up 712 survivors of the crash.

Reasons for the crash

After the tragedy, commissions were held to investigate the causes of this incident, and, according to official documents, the collision with the iceberg was the cause, and not the presence of defects in the ship's structure. The commission based its conclusion on how the ship sank. As noted by some survivors, the ship went to the bottom as a whole, and not in parts.

As the commission concluded, all the blame for the tragic catastrophe was placed on the captain of the ship. In 1985, oceanographer Robert Ballard, who had been searching for a sunken ship for many years, was lucky. It was this happy event that helped shed light on the causes of the disaster. Scientists have determined that the Titanic broke in half on the surface of the ocean before it sank. This fact again drew media attention to the reasons for the sinking of the Titanic. New hypotheses arose, and one of the assumptions was based on the fact that low-grade steel was used in the construction of the ship, since it is a well-known fact that the Titanic was built on a tight schedule.

As a result of lengthy studies of the wreckage raised from the bottom, experts came to the conclusion that the cause of the disaster was low-quality rivets - the most important metal pins that tied together the steel plates of the ship's hull. Also, the studied wreckage showed that there were miscalculations in the design of the ship, and this is evidenced by the nature of the sinking of the ship. It was finally established that the stern of the ship did not rise high into the air, as previously believed, and the ship broke into pieces and sank. This indicates clear miscalculations in the design of the ship. However, after the disaster, this data was hidden. And only with the help of modern technology it was found that these circumstances led to one of the most terrible tragedies humanity.

105 years ago, April 15, 1912, "unsinkable ship", "the largest and most luxurious ocean liner"On his very first flight, he crashed into an iceberg and took with him to the bottom of the ocean more than one and a half thousand passengers. It would seem that for many decades there were no more secrets and secrets about this terrible disaster. And yet let's remember how it was.

Captain Edward Smith aboard the Titanic. Photo: New York Times

First official version

Two government investigations that were carried out in the wake of the disaster, decided that it was the iceberg, and not the defects of the ship, that caused the death of the liner. Both commissions of inquiry concluded that the Titanic sank not in parts, but in its entirety - there were no major faults.

The blame for this tragedy was completely shifted to the shoulders of the ship's captain, Edward Smith, who died along with his crew and passengers of the Atlantic liner. Experts reproached Smith for the fact that the ship was moving at a speed of 22 knots (41 km) through a dangerous ice field - in dark waters, not far from the coast of Newfoundland.

Discovery of Robert Ballard

In 1985, oceanographer Robert Ballard, after a long unsuccessful search, still managed to find the remains of the ship at a depth of about four kilometers at the bottom of the ocean. Then he discovered that in fact the Titanic had split in half before sinking.

A couple of years later, the wreckage of the ship was first brought to the surface and a new hypothesis immediately appeared - low-grade steel was used to build an "unsinkable ship". However, according to experts, it was not steel at all that turned out to be low-grade, but rivets - the most important metal pins that bind together the steel plates of the hull of the liner. And the found wreckage of the Titanic does indicate that the stern of the ship did not rise high into the air, as many believed. It is believed that the "Titanic" was divided into parts, being relatively even on the surface of the ocean - this is a clear sign of miscalculations in the design of the ship, which were hidden after the disaster.

Design miscalculations

"Titanic" was built in a short time - in response to the production of a new generation of high-speed liners by competitors.

The Titanic could keep afloat even if 4 of its 16 watertight compartments were flooded - amazing for a ship of such gigantic size.

However, on the night of April 14-15, 1912, in just a few days of the debut flight of the liner, its Achilles heel was opened. The ship, due to its size, was not nimble enough to be able to avoid the iceberg that the sentinels were screaming about at the last minute. The Titanic did not collide with the fatal iceberg head-on, but drove over it on its right side - the ice punched holes in the steel plates, flooding six "watertight" compartments. And after a couple of hours the ship was completely filled with water and sank.

According to experts studying the Titanic's potential weak spot, the rivets, they found that due to the fact that time was running out, builders began to use low-grade material. When the liner hit the iceberg, the weak steel rods in the ship's bow could not stand it and cracked. It is believed that it is not by chance that the water, having flooded six compartments fastened with low-grade steel rods, stopped exactly where the high-grade steel rivets began.

In 2005, another expedition studying the crash site, using the wreckage of the bottom, managed to establish that during the crash the ship tilted only about 11 degrees, and not at all 45, as was long thought.

Memories of Passengers

Due to the fact that the ship listed quite a bit, the passengers and crew had a false sense of security - many of them did not understand the seriousness of the situation. When the water has flooded enough bow hull, the ship, remaining afloat, split in two and sank in minutes.

Charlie Jugin, the Titanic's chef, was standing close to the stern at the time of the ship's wreck and noticed no sign of the hull breaking. neither did he notice the suction funnel or the colossal splash. According to his information, he calmly sailed away from the ship, without even getting his hair wet.

However, some passengers in the lifeboats claimed to have seen the Titanic's stern high in the air. However, this could only be an optical illusion. With an 11-degree tilt, propellers sticking out in the air, the 20-story building Titanic seemed even higher, and its roll into the water even more.

How the Titanic sank: a real-time model

In New York, they sold the menu of the last dinner on wrecked in 1912 on the Titanic. They got 88 thousand dollars (about 1.9 million hryvnias) for it.

The company "Blue Star Line" announced the construction of "Titanic-2". According to the designers, the ship will be an exact copy of the famous liner that sank in 1912. However, the liner will be equipped with modern security features. Australian mining magnate Clive Palmer came to finance the project.

Now this 105-year-old cracker is considered the most expensive in the world.

It turns out that a Spillers and Bakers cracker called "Pilot" was included in the survival kit that was placed on every lifeboat. Later, one of these products went to a man who kept it as a souvenir. It was James Fenwick, a passenger on the Carpathia, which was raising shipwrecked survivors.

REFERENCE

On the night of April 15, 1912, the Titanic collided with an iceberg and sank. He swam into Atlantic Ocean on the way from Southampton (England) to New York. Then about 1.5 thousand people died, mostly third-class passengers. In total, it was more than 2.2 thousand people.

Most of the photos were taken father Frank Brown.

From 1911 to 1916, Frank Brown studied theology at Dublin's Milltown Park Institute. During this period, his uncle Robert (Bishop of Cloyne) sent him an unusual gift: a ticket for a short trip on board " Titanic", heading for his first voyage. Uncle gave Frank journey from Southampton to Cherbourg and then to Queenstown (Cobh), County Cork, Ireland.

While sailing on Titanic", Father Brown made friends with a couple of American millionaires who sat at the same table with him in the dining room of the liner for the first class. They suggested that he send a message to his rector in Dublin (the archbishop) to ask him for permission to remain on board until the end of the voyage to New York. An American couple offered to pay for his fare. The message was immediately telegraphed, and the answer was waiting Frank upon arrival in Queenstown. It consisted of five words:

"Get off this ship! Archbishop".

The picture was taken at Waterloo station on Wednesday at 9:45 am April 10, 1912. The photographer captured the first and last train who brought passengers to " Titanic"

For many years it was believed that the gentleman on the left is John Jacob Astor, who died during the sinking of "T itanica"(see below). In fact, this is his cousin, William Weldorf Astor, who moved to England from the USA in 1980

Two of the three screws Titanic" (left and middle)

"Olympic" and " Titanic"(right) in Belfast. This is the only photo of the two ships together. (Steamboat company White Star Line built three huge liner: « Titanic», « Olympic" and " Britannic»)

Crow's nest on " Titanic". Observation platform on the foremast for looking ahead

"Titanic"at Southampton on April 5, 1912, when the "Great Flag of Glory" was raised on it for the first and last time

Before you come on board" Titanic", Frank Brown took this picture. In the distance, a second-class gangway is visible, identical to the one on which he stands

April 10, 1912, 12.00. "Titanic"set sail from Southampton

The photographer leaned over the side of the ship to take pictures of the tugboats below. In the distance, you can see the bank of the Test River and several private yachts anchored. To the left of the photographer is lifeboat number seven. When " Titanic"starts to sink, this boat will be the first to launch

Moving along the deck of the ship, Frank Brown photographed the crowd, consisting mainly of local residents escorting " Titanic"

"Titanic" narrowly avoids a collision with the American ship "New York". The tug is trying to pull the stern of the "New York" from the side " Titanic".

"Titanic"already rounded the end of the pier, where he passed the New York liner, which had already unmoored and began to turn towards" Titanic Passengers can be seen leaning out of the windows of the large promenade deck to see the alleged collision

The photograph taken by F. H. Ernott shows the tug "Volcano" at the side " Titanic". The ship's departure from Southampton was delayed for an hour after it almost collided with the New York ship"

The boy on the right is Jack Odell, a member of the family with whom he travels Frank Brown, and in the distance - Major Archibald Butt military aide-de-camp to President William Howard Taft

Captain Smith on deck 187 yards long

This is obviously an American novelist Jacques Fautrell standing on the deck next to the gym" Titanic". The author of the popular detective stories "Thinking Machine" (Thinking Machine), he took with him many unpublished stories that will be lost forever. Having celebrated his 37th anniversary the day before sailing, he will die in a disaster

The gentleman in the white flannel suit is T. W. McCauley, a 34-year-old physical education teacher from Aberdeen. One of the passengers a few years later will remember McCauley as a very strict person in relations with passengers. But with the kids on board, he was gentler.

Taken from the stern of the A-deck, this photograph shows the rear of the vessel's superstructure. On the upper deck, a group of second class passengers

Frank Brown ran into an unfamiliar couple taking a morning walk. Upstairs, at the railing of the second-class promenade deck, benches have been assembled

Sexennial Robert Douglas Steedman from Tuxedo Park, New York, spins the top, and his father Frederick looks. During the sinking of the ship, both father and son escaped, but the photographs taken by Frederick with a camera hanging on his shoulder did not

Vertical drop doors (shown closed) in one of the watertight bulkheads

Boilers" Titanic"

Junior radio operator Titanic", Harold Bride, at his post. Since this is the only photograph ever taken in the ship's radio room, Frank Brown kept it despite the double exposure

Third class passengers crowd at the stern of the ship, from where you can see a sign warning of the danger of propellers below. A small dot on the fourth chimney is the soot-covered face of a stoker who climbed up to get a bird's eye view of the Irish port. To some, he seemed like a black ghost of death, looking down. Superstitious passengers saw this as a bad omen.

Bedroom 1 class (B-57)

Coupe - 1st class suite (D-19)

Bedroom 1 class (B-38)

Bedroom 1 class (B-64)

Hall with a fireplace in suites

Bedroom in the apartment Frank Brown number A-37 on board"Titanic "

Cafe on deck B on the starboard side

Deck" Titanic"

Staircase under the dome. 1 class

Ticket for " Titanic Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Kimbell. Departure April 10, 1912. Cabin D-19

Lunch menu card for April 14, 1912, which Frank Brown acquired as an illustration for his lectures

1st class rest room

Shared room 1st class

Smoking room 1st class

Cafe on the veranda. 1 class

Canteen for 1st class passengers

Reading room on A-deck

Library 2 class

3rd class dining room

Shared room 3rd class

3 class menu

Captain's bridge on " Olympic". "Titanic" and " Olympic"almost identical. This is the only photograph of the captain's bridge

Swimming pool on " Olympic", completely identical to the pool on " Titanic"

On April 11, 1912, the Titanic made a stop at Queenstown to pick up passengers and mail.

Queenstown. Pier "White Star". Crowd waiting to board the messenger ships

Passengers" Titanic"go ashore from the messenger ship" America "

Queenstown merchants had licenses to sell lace and other Irish souvenirs aboard transatlantic liners.

Loaders in anticipation of work on the transfer of correspondence

Illegal trade takes place on board the ship

Mail loading

Messenger ships "Ireland" and "America" ​​with passengers and mail moor to " Titanic"

Giant right anchor Titanic"raised for the last time. It took several minutes for the anchor to reach the surface. The liner used a chain of 6 wrought iron anchor chains. Each of the chains had a length of 15 fathoms (fathoms)

One of their late shots Frank Brown made it right after sailing" Titanic" from Queenstown with 1316 passengers and 891 crew on board,at 13:55 April 11, 1912

Bruce Ismay(first class passenger, cabins no. B52, 54, 56, ticket no. 112058) Executive Director of White Star Line. Survived, but was branded with disgrace. I could never forgive myself for being one of the first on the boat. He soon left his post and spent the rest of his life as a hermit.

Edward John Smith- captain" Titanic".

Smith enjoyed high popularity among crew members and passengers.

By virtue of his rich experience, he was assigned to command passenger liner "Titanic on his maiden voyage, after which the captain was due to retire.

At 2:13 a.m., just 10 minutes before the final submersion of the ship, Smith returned to the captain's bridge, where he met death.

William McMaster Murdoch . First Mate" Titanic". perished

William Murdoch honestly fulfilled his duty and did everything in order to save as many people as possible. Seventy-five percent of all those rescued from the Titanic were evacuated from the starboard side, where the rescue operation was commanded by William Murdoch.

Second mate " Titanic» Charles Herbert Lightoller. One of the last to jump off the ship and narrowly avoiding being sucked into the ventilation shaft, he swam to Collapsible Boat B, which was floating upside down. The pipe that broke off and fell into the sea next to him " Titanic» pushed the lifeboat away from the sinking ship and allowed it to stay afloat

In total, there were 30 people on the capsized boat, Lightoller I tried to organize them somehow, but in vain. By dawn they were picked up by boats from the ship " Carpathia”, by that time there were already 27 people on the boat. These were the last rescued passengers of the Titanic, Lightoller helped lift the passengers and was the last to board. (on the pictureLightoller on right)

Frederick Fleet - one of six lookouts aboard the Titanic.The first to see an iceberg and raise the alarm. Died.

Thomas Andrews -(first class passenger, cabin No. A 36, ticket No. 112050), Irish businessman and shipbuilder, chief executive of the Harland and Wolf shipbuilding company in Belfast. Andrews was a constructor Titanic and one of the 1,517 dead. During the evacuation Thomas helped passengers into the boats, and was last seen in the first-class smoking room near the fireplace, looking at the picture "Port of Plymouth". His body was never found after the crash. Played in Cameron's filmVictor Garber.

Benjamin Guggenheim - wealthy American businessman. Died.

John Jacob and Madeleine ASTOR - millionaire science fiction writer with his young wife, who was a year younger than John's son Jacob from his first marriage to Ava Willing. They say, John Jacob, like many other influential people, were advised not to board this liner. However, the multimillionaire decided to try his luck and nevertheless went on his last voyage on the doomed liner. Madeleine escaped on lifeboat number 4. The body of John Jacob was raised from the depths of the ocean 22 days after his death. The writer and multimillionaire was discovered by a signet with the letters J.J.A.

Margaret (Molly) Brown - American socialite, philanthropist and activist. Survived. When on " Titanic"there was a panic, Molly she put people in lifeboats, she herself refused to sit there: “If the worst happens, I will swim out,” but in the end someone pushed her into lifeboat number 6, which made her famous.

The boat could accommodate 65 passengers, but in reality there were only 26 of them. When they sailed, the boilers began to explode on the ship. “Suddenly, the sea opened up, and it was as if giant arms were clasping the ship,” she wrote. Margaret. Sitting in a lifeboat in the company of 24 women and two men, she argued frantically with the elder of the boat. Robert Hitchens, demanding to return to the crash site and pick up the drowning ones. When one of the passengers became cold, Molly gave her her fur coat. And when the cold "finished" even her, she ordered the women to sit down at the oars and row to keep warm

Molly hands over to the captain Carpathians» To Arthur Rostron, the cup of love on behalf of the surviving passengers « Titanic»

On " Carpathians» Margaret I did what I did best: organization. She knew several languages ​​and could speak with passengers from different countries. She looked for blankets and food for them, compiled lists of survivors, collected money for those who lost along with " Titanic» everything: family and savings. By the time of arrival Carpathians to the port, she raised $10,000 for the survivors. When the ship arrived in New York and the journalists asked Margaret to which she owed her luck, she replied, “The usual luck of the Browns. We are unsinkable!”

She was played in the filmKathy Bates

Lucy Christina, Lady Duff Gordon - one of the leading British fashion designers of the late XIX - early XX century, known in the professional arena as Lucille. survived

Dorothy Gibson - American silent film actress, fashion model and singer. Survived. In 1912, she played her most famous role in the film " Survivors from the Titanic»

On April 10, 1912, the Titanic liner set off from Southampton Port on its first and last voyage, which collided with an iceberg 4 days later. About the tragedy that claimed the lives of almost 1496 people, we know largely thanks to the film, but let's get acquainted with real stories passengers on the Titanic.

The real cream of society gathered on the passenger deck of the Titanic: millionaires, actors and writers. Not everyone could afford to buy a class I ticket - the price was $60,000 at current prices.

3rd class passengers bought tickets for only $35 ($650 these days), so they were not allowed to go above the third deck. On the fateful night, the division into classes turned out to be more tangible than ever...

Bruce Ismay was one of the first people to jump into a lifeboat. general director White Star Line, which owned the Titanic. The boat, designed for 40 people, set sail from the side with only twelve.

After the disaster, Ismay was accused of boarding a lifeboat, avoiding women and children, and of instructing the captain of the Titanic to increase speed, which led to the tragedy. The court acquitted him.

William Ernest Carter boarded the Titanic at Southampton with his wife, Lucy, and their two children, Lucy and William, and two dogs.

On the night of the disaster, he was at a party in the restaurant of the first class ship, and after the collision, together with his comrades, he went on deck, where the boats were already being prepared. First, William put his daughter in boat number 4, but when it was his son's turn, they were in trouble.

Right in front of them, 13-year-old John Rison boarded the boat, after which the boarding officer ordered that teenage boys not be taken on board. Lucy Carter resourcefully threw her hat on her 11-year-old son and sat down with him.

When the boarding process was completed and the boat began to descend into the water, Carter himself quickly got into it, along with another passenger. It turned out to be the already mentioned Bruce Ismay.

Roberta Mahoney, 21, worked as a servant to the countess and sailed on the Titanic with her mistress in first class.

On board, she met a brave young steward from the ship's crew, and soon the young people fell in love with each other. When the Titanic began to sink, the steward rushed to Roberta's cabin, brought her to the boat deck and put her in the boat, giving her his life vest.

He himself died, like many other crew members, and Robert was picked up by the Carpathia ship, on which she sailed to New York. Only there, in her coat pocket, did she find a badge with a star, which, at the moment of parting, the steward put in her pocket as a memory of himself.

Emily Richards sailed along with her two young sons, mother, brother and sister to her husband. At the time of the disaster, the woman was sleeping in the cabin with her children. They were awakened by the screams of their mother, who ran into the cabin after the collision.

The Richardses were miraculously able to climb through the window into the descending lifeboat No. 4. When the Titanic completely sank, the passengers of her boat managed to pull seven more people out of the icy water, two of whom, unfortunately, soon died of frostbite.

The famous American businessman Isidor Strauss and his wife Ida traveled in first class. The Strauss have been married for 40 years and have never parted.

When the ship's officer invited the family to board the boat, Isidore refused, deciding to give way to women and children, but Ida also followed him.

Instead of themselves, the Strauss put their maid in the boat. Isidore's body was identified by a wedding ring, Ida's body was not found.

Two orchestras played on the Titanic: a quintet led by 33-year-old British violinist Wallace Hartley and an additional trio of musicians who were hired to give Café Parisien a continental touch.

Usually two members of the Titanic orchestra worked in different parts liner and at different times, but on the night of the death of the ship, all of them united into one orchestra.

One of the rescued passengers of the Titanic wrote later: “Many heroic deeds were committed that night, but none of them could compare with the feat of these few musicians, playing hour after hour, although the ship sank deeper and deeper, and the sea to the place where they stood. The music they played gave them the right to be included in the list of heroes of eternal glory."

Hartley's body was found two weeks after the sinking of the Titanic and sent to England. A violin was tied to his chest - a gift from the bride. Among the other members of the orchestra, there were no survivors ...

Four-year-old Michel and two-year-old Edmond traveled with their father, who died in the crash, and were considered "orphans of the Titanic" until their mother was found in France.

Michel died in 2001, he was the last male survivor on the Titanic.

Winnie Coates was on her way to New York with her two children. On the night of the disaster, she woke up from a strange noise, but decided to wait for the orders of the crew members. Her patience snapped, she rushed about the endless corridors of the ship for a long time, getting lost.

Suddenly met by a member of the crew directed her to the boats. She stumbled on a broken closed gate, but just at that moment another officer appeared, who saved Winnie and her children by giving them his life jacket.

As a result, Vinnie ended up on the deck, where she was boarding boat No. 2, on which, literally by a miracle, she managed to dive ..

Seven-year-old Eva Hart escaped the sinking Titanic with her mother, but her father died in the crash.

Ellen Walker believes she was conceived on the Titanic before it hit the iceberg. “It means a lot to me,” she admitted in an interview.

Her parents were 39-year-old Samuel Morley, owner jewelry store in England, and 19-year-old Kate Phillips, one of his employees, fled to America from the man's first wife, seeking to start new life.

Kate got into a lifeboat, Samuel jumped into the water after her, but did not know how to swim and drowned. "Mom spent 8 hours in a lifeboat," Helen said. "She was wearing only a nightgown, but one of the sailors gave her his jumper."

Violet Constance Jessop. Until the last moment, the stewardess did not want to be hired on the Titanic, but her friends convinced her because they thought it would be a "wonderful experience."

Before that, on October 20, 1910, Violet became a flight attendant. transatlantic liner"Olympic", which a year later, due to unsuccessful maneuvering, collided with a cruiser, but the girl managed to escape.

And from the Titanic, Violet escaped on a boat. During the First World War, the girl went to work as a nurse, and in 1916 she got on board the Britannic, which ... also went to the bottom! Two boats with a crew were pulled under the propeller of a sinking ship. 21 people died.

Among them could be Violet, who was sailing in one of the broken boats, but again luck was on her side: she managed to jump out of the boat and survived.

Fireman Arthur John Priest also survived a shipwreck not only on the Titanic, but also on the Olympic and Britannic (by the way, all three ships were the brainchild of the same company). Priest has 5 shipwrecks on his account.

On April 21, 1912, the New York Times published the story of Edward and Ethel Bean, who were on the Titanic in second class. After the crash, Edward helped his wife into the boat. But when the boat had already sailed, he saw that it was half empty, and threw himself into the water. Ethel dragged her husband into the boat.

Among the passengers of the Titanic was the famous tennis player Carl Behr and his lover Helen Newsom. After the disaster, the athlete ran to the cabin and brought the women to the boat deck.

The lovers were ready to say goodbye forever when the head of the White Star Line, Bruce Ismay, personally offered Beer a place on the boat. A year later, Karl and Helen got married, and later became the parents of three children.

Edward John Smith is the captain of the Titanic, who was very popular with both crew and passengers. At 2:13 am, just 10 minutes before the ship was completely submerged, Smith returned to the captain's bridge, where he decided to meet his death.

Second mate Charles Herbert Lightoller was one of the last to jump off the ship, narrowly avoiding being sucked into the ventilation shaft. He swam to the collapsible boat B, which was floating upside down: the Titanic's pipe that broke off and fell into the sea next to him drove the boat away from the sinking ship and allowed it to stay afloat.

American businessman Benjamin Guggenheim helped women and children into lifeboats during the crash. When asked to save himself, he replied: "We are dressed in our best clothes and are ready to die like gentlemen."

Benjamin died at the age of 46, his body was not found.

Thomas Andrews - first class passenger, Irish businessman and shipbuilder, was the designer of the Titanic ...

During the evacuation, Thomas helped the passengers into the boats. Last time he was seen in the first class smoking room near the fireplace, looking at a painting of Port Plymouth. His body was never found after the crash.

John Jacob and Madeleine Astor, the millionaire science fiction writer, were traveling first class with their young wife. Madeleine escaped on lifeboat number 4. The body of John Jacob was raised from the depths of the ocean 22 days after his death.

Colonel Archibald Gracie IV is an American writer and amateur historian who survived the sinking of the Titanic. Returning to New York, Gracie immediately began writing a book about his voyage.

It was she who became a real encyclopedia for historians and researchers of the disaster, thanks to the information contained in it. a large number the names of the stowaways and 1st class passengers who remained on the Titanic. Gracie's health was badly damaged by hypothermia and injuries, and he died in late 1912.

Margaret (Molly) Brown is an American socialite, philanthropist, and activist. Survived. When panic arose on the Titanic, Molly put people into lifeboats, but she herself refused to sit there.

"If the worst happens, I'll swim out," she said, until eventually someone pushed her into the number 6 lifeboat that made her famous.

After Molly organized the Titanic Survivors Relief Fund.

Millvina Dean was the last of the surviving passengers of the Titanic: she died on May 31, 2009 at the age of 97 in a nursing home in Ashurst, Hampshire, on the 98th anniversary of the liner's launch. .

Her ashes were scattered on October 24, 2009 in the port of Southampton, from where the Titanic began its first and last voyage. At the time of the death of the liner, she was two and a half months old.