Reserve elk island presentation. National parks of Russia

Asia

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1) Location and history of the Losiny Ostrov National Park

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- Losiny Ostrov was founded in 1983 on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow Region in order to preserve natural complexes, optimization of environmental management, development national culture and creating conditions for organized recreation.

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It is located northeast of Moscow, with a third of it within the administrative boundaries of the city, and its forests start just 8 km from the Kremlin.

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As part of the park lands forest land occupy 85%, including forested - 9.6 thousand hectares (81%). In the composition of non-forest lands, swamps - 5%, water - 1%

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2) Animal world of the national park "Losiny Ostrov"

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Over the past 30 years, a little less than 280 species of vertebrates have been soaked in the park. Of these, 45 species are mammals, about 200 species are birds, of which the fact of nesting has been established for 139 species. Reptiles are represented by 4 species, amphibians - 8, fish - at least 19 species.

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Elk (Alces alces) is the largest modern deer.

Adult males have a body length of up to 300 cm, a height at the withers of up to 235 cm and a weight of up to 580-600 kg.
Very large, wide and mobile ears.
A soft leathery outgrowth hangs down under the throat - an “earring”, reaching 25-40 cm.
The color of the moose is brownish-black. Legs from the middle of the lower leg and forearm downwards are light gray, almost white.

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BABYRUSSA (Babyrousa babyrussa)

She has a relatively small head, short ears, a strongly arched back, high and thin legs. The tail is short without a brush at the end. The skin is wrinkled and covered with such sparse bristles that the body appears naked.

The upper fangs, especially in males, are very long (up to 30 cm). They pierce the skin of the muzzle and fold back. In very old males, the fangs are bent so strongly that they form a complete ring and their ends grow into the upper jaw.

The lower fangs are shorter than the upper ones, but also large, and their ends are directed upwards and backwards.

View of BABIRUSSA is listed in the International Red Book

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SPOTTED DEER (Cervus nipon) slender, light build, summer fur spotted at all ages. In winter, spotting is weakly expressed or absent at all. The "mirror" is very small and does not go to the croup above the root of the tail. The body length of adult males is 173-180 cm, females - 162-174 hedgehogs; height at the withers of males - 109-112 cm, females - 94-98 cm; weight of males - 117-131 kg, females - 73-84 kg (in nurseries, respectively, up to 148 and 86 kg). The length of the horns of adults is 65-79 cm (up to 93 cm).

Species DEER SPOTTED is listed in the Red Book of Russia

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Desman (Desmana moschata) is relatively large: its body length is 18-22 cm, weight is up to 520 g. The scaly tail, equal to the body length and flattened laterally, has a keel on the upper crest. It is made of thick and long hair. The hairline of the muskrat is very thick, even, soft, silky, and does not get wet in healthy animals; above - brownish-brown, below - silver.

The most protected species of mammals:

The desman species is listed in the Red Book of Russia and in the International Red Book

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RED EVENING (Nyctalus noctula) is one of the common inhabitants of deciduous forests and parks in Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It has become an important object in the study of seasonal migrations, thermoregulation, nutrition, echolocation and other features of biology.

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Ermine (Mustela erminea) is generally similar to the weasel, but larger than it and well distinguished by the black tip of the tail. Body length varies, from 16 to 38 cm, tail from 6 to 12 cm, weight up to 260 g, but usually less. Like the weasel, the ermine turns white in the winter and only the tip of the tail remains black.

BI-COLOR LEATHER (Vespertilio murinus) - This is a small animal (forearm 41-48 mm), covered with thick blackish or reddish fur with white tips. Distributed from Western Europe to the mouth of the Ussuri.

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Type EUROPEAN MINK is listed in the International Red Book

EUROPEAN MINK (Mustela lutreola) In appearance, the mink resembles a column and a ferret, but its body is even more squat, the head is flattened, the ears are smaller, the coat is much denser, with a very thick underfur. The coloration is uniform, dark brown, more reddish in the European species. He also has a white spot on both lips.

The length of her body is 32-43 cm, tail -12-19 cm, weight - 550-800 g,

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The species BLACK STORK is listed in the Red Book of Russia

BLACK STORK (Ciconia nigra)
Its wing length is on average 54 cm, weight is about 3 kg.
The plumage of this bird is predominantly black with a greenish and copper-red metallic sheen, the ventral side of the body is white.
The beak, legs, throat, unfeathered spot on the bridle and near the eyes are bright red.
The most protected species of birds:

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GREEN WOODPECTER (Picus virdis)

The dorsal side and wings are yellowish-olive, the uppertail is brilliant yellow, the primary feathers are brown, the tail is brownish-black with grayish transverse stripes.

The top of the head, the back of the head and the stripe running from the lower jaw to the neck are carmine red, the forehead, space around the eyes and cheeks are black. The ears, throat and goiter are whitish, the rest of the ventral side of the body is pale green with dark streaks.

The length of the green woodpecker is 35-37 cm, weight up to 250 g.

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Thrush warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus)

The length of her body exceeds 200 mm, weight is about 30 g.
The dorsal side is olive-brown with a slight reddish tinge.
Above the eye is a pale buffy "eyebrow".
The ventral side is off-white with a lighter throat and front of the neck.

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Falcon (Falco vespertinus)

The Falcon has a short and relatively weak beak, short fingers.
Total length 29-33 cm, wingspan 70-77 cm, wing length 23-25 cm.
Male Falcons are bluish-brown with a blackish head and blackish helmsmen; the back of the belly, undertail and lower leg plumage are red.
The females are gray with dark brownish-gray transverse stripes on the dorsal side; vertex rufous with dark longitudinal spots; the ventral side is buffy or red, sometimes with a longitudinal dark narrow pattern; flight feathers are gray with a white transverse pattern on the inner webs; the tail is grayish with buffy transverse stripes.

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GREEN TOAD (Bufo viridis) is painted on top in light gray-olive tones with large dark green spots trimmed with a narrow black border. The skin is tuberculate, on the sides of the head there are two large accumulations of poisonous glands - parotids.

The most protected species of amphibians

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The TRITON species is listed in the Red Book of Russia

NEWT (Triturus vulgaris)

Its total length reaches 11 cm, usually about 8 cm, of which about half falls on the tail.
The skin is smooth or fine-grained. The coloration of the upper side of the body is olive-brown, the lower side is yellowish with small dark spots.
On the head there are longitudinal dark stripes, of which a stripe passing through the eye is always noticeable.
The coloration of males during the mating season becomes brighter and a scalloped crest grows from the back of the head to the end of the tail, usually with an orange border and a blue stripe with a pearly sheen. This fin fold is not interrupted at the base of the tail. On the fingers of the back, bladed rims are formed,
The female has no breeding coloration and no dorsal crest, but the coloration becomes brighter. The crest of the male newt is an additional respiratory organ and is especially rich in capillary vessels.

National Park "Losiny Ostrov" - the first in Russia, was created in 1983 on the territory that since ancient times served as a zealously guarded hunting grounds of the Grand Dukes and Tsars. The first forest inventory was carried out here in 1842, and the idea of creating a national park was put forward as early as 1909.

The park is located in the Moscow region and Moscow. The area is more than 12 thousand hectares, including 3 thousand hectares - within the administrative boundaries of the city.

Geographically, the park is confined to the junction of the Meshcherskaya lowland and the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, which is the watershed of the Moscow and Klyazma rivers. The relief of the territory is a slightly undulating plain. The absolute heights of the area range from 146 (floodplain of the Yauza river) to 175 m above sea level (square 45 and 54 of the Yauza forest park). In the central part of the park there are gently sloping moraine ridges.

The history of this place is known from the documents of the XIV century, in particular, from the spiritual letters of the Russian princes - Ivan Kalita, Dimitry Donskoy, Vladimir Andreevich Serpukhovsky and their descendants. They mention arable lands, forests, boards, located on the territory of the current national park. Later, this area becomes a place of royal hunting, and the grounds of the future " Elk Island"are under protection. In the Time of Troubles economic activity in these places is sharply reduced, the former arable lands are again overgrown with forest. The heyday of "Elk Island" as a hunting ground is associated with the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.

With the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, the territory of "Elk Island" loses its significance as royal hunting grounds, but as state property it is protected by imperial decrees. Around the same time, the name "Elk Island" or "Moose Island" was finally assigned to the territory. In 1934, Losiny Ostrov was included in the 50-kilometer forest park zone of Moscow.

In 1979, by a joint decision of the Moscow City and Regional Councils of People's Deputies, the natural Park"Elk Island", and in 1983, by the decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, a national park was formed.

Elk Island is a unique territory. Its uniqueness lies not in the fact that there are some special "super-remarkable" objects here, like the Grand Canyon or a free herd of elephants, but in the fact that on its territory, near the city of many millions, the nature of Central Russia in all its diversity has been preserved in its natural form: coniferous, birch and broad-leaved forests, areas of meadows and raised bogs, the sources of the Yauza with lakes and floodplains. Beavers, wild boars and elks, many birds of prey live ten kilometers from the Kremlin, and plants rare in the Moscow Region grow.

The "island" is also interesting for its historical and cultural sights. Archaeological research has revealed to us the mounds of the Vyatichi (XIvXII centuries), ancient settlements. Sensational were the excavations in Alekseevskaya grove, where the remains of a palace building of the late 17th century were discovered. And the history of the Mytishchi pumping station is closely connected with the construction of the first gravity water pipeline in Russia during the time of Catherine II. Once in these parts there was a chapel on the famous Thunder Spring, the most abundant source of water for the capital city. And Belokamennaya station on the first Moscow district railway- a rare monument of industrial architecture. On the Yaroslavl Highway (the former road to Troitsa), visitors to the park will be pointed to Poklonnaya Hill - Holy place pilgrims.

The forests of Losiny Ostrov stretch for almost 10 km from south to north and 20 km from west to east. They occupy more than 80% of the park area. Birch forests occupied a dominant position, the number of linden and aspen forests increased. From the 19th century only a few old pines remained. Hazel, mountain ash, euonymus, honeysuckle, buckthorn grow in the undergrowth. Among the abundant herbaceous vegetation, one can see anemone, lungwort, chistyak, goose onion, corydalis ... There are also rare species that are subject to special protection.

More than 48 species of mammals live in the grounds of "Elk Island": elks, spotted deer, wild boars, foxes, hares, minks, ermines ... On the reservoirs you can see beaver dams, muskrat huts.

Almost 200 species of birds nest in the park or have been noted on migrations. Very rarely, but still, a black stork flies to Losiny Ostrov - a species listed in the Red Books of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Bean goose, gray and white-fronted geese and even a whooper swan stop to rest. And thousands of ducks of different species, flocks of herons, colonies of seagulls have become familiar here.

Losiny Ostrov is the only nesting place in the Moscow region for the feathered predator, the red-footed falcon. The goshawk, hobby falcon, buzzard, black kite, kestrel live freely here. In the meadows and swamps, you can hear the voices of the chariot, bittern, and corncrake. The tawny owl nests in the hollows of the lindens, and the long-eared owl nests in the undergrowth.

The sources of the Yauza and Pekhorka rivers are located on the territory of the park. The climate of the region is temperate continental. Fluctuations in the average annual temperature are 3-4.80. The coldest month is January ( average temperature-90 - 110), the warmest - July (average temperature +190 +200). The prevailing winds are western and southwestern rhumbs.

The wild nature preserved inside the metropolis amazes our guests. One of them, an employee of the Pyrenean National Park, D. Tribault-Laspierre (France), even wrote a letter to the President of Russia: “I expected to see something like a large public garden, adapted to the needs of citizens, in which you can from time to time admire the trees and lawns, but in reality this is a real protected area, where wildlife, a real national park... None Big City France and, as far as I know, all of Europe, and, who knows, the whole world, cannot boast of such a contrast."

However, the value of "Elk Island" is not limited to its natural merits. ancient land It also has deep historical and cultural roots. In 1989, by order of the national park, the first archaeological expedition was organized, as a result of which ancient burial places of the Slavs-Vyatichi of the 9th-12th centuries were discovered. Historical and landscape studies, which are now carried out annually, have revealed barrows, settlements, and ancient roads.

Archaeological excavations in Alekseevskaya grove became sensational. Grove - beautiful place in the park: ship pines, mighty firs, ponds, the Pekhorka River. Thousands of Muscovites and residents of the Moscow region love to relax here. On the old maps, next to the ponds, a place called the Alekseevsky Palace was marked. And indeed, under a layer of soil, archaeologists found the remains of a palace building of the middle of the 17th century. - white stone masonry, stove tiles, unique tiles. There was an assumption that one of the travel palaces of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was located in the Alekseevskaya Grove. Now it is planned to create a museum complex "Royal hunting in Russia" at this place.

There are no large rivers and reservoirs in the national park and near it. But its territory is crossed by a rather dense network of small rivers, streams and hollows. It is here that the sources of the river are located. Yauza and its tributaries Ichka, Budaika, Elk, Nekhlyudov sleeve, Bogorodsky and Bath streams and the river. Pekhorka (a tributary of the Moscow River) with a number of small tributaries. In the eastern part of the park, a water canal built in the pre-war years crosses the park, supplying Volga water to the capital. Water from this canal also enters the Yauza and Pekhorka. There are several ponds in the park: Alekseevsky, Golyanovskiy, Kazenny, Egerskiy and others. All these reservoirs are located in the recreational zone of the park. In the depths of the forest, many bochags, created in the last century for firefighting purposes, have been preserved. Now they are of exceptional importance for animals as watering places and breeding grounds for amphibians. Swamps in the park occupy a fairly large area. Of particular value is the Verkhne-Yauza wetland complex with an area of about 1 thousand hectares. In addition to a vast array, there are a number of swamps of various sizes and origins (lowland, transitional, upland) and areas with constant and periodic waterlogging.

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1)Losiny Ostrov National Park Location and History

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- Losiny Ostrov was founded in 1983 on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow Region with the aim of preserving natural complexes, optimizing nature management, developing national culture and creating conditions for organized recreation.

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- It is located to the north-east of Moscow, while a third of it is within the administrative boundaries of the city, and its forests start just 8 km from the Kremlin.

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- As part of the lands of the park, forest lands occupy 85%, including forested lands - 9.6 thousand hectares (81%). In the composition of non-forest lands, swamps - 5%, water - 1%

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Elk (Alces alces) is the largest modern deer. Adult males have a body length of up to 300 cm, a height at the withers of up to 235 cm and a weight of up to 580-600 kg. Very large, wide and mobile ears. A soft leathery outgrowth hangs down under the throat - an “earring”, reaching 25-40 cm. The color of the elk is brownish-black. Legs from the middle of the lower leg and forearm downwards are light gray, almost white.

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BABYRUSSA (Babyrousa babyrussa) She has a relatively small head, short ears, a strongly arched back, high and thin legs. The tail is short without a brush at the end. The skin is wrinkled and covered with such sparse bristles that the body appears naked. The upper fangs, especially in males, are very long (up to 30 cm). They pierce the skin of the muzzle and fold back. In very old males, the fangs are bent so strongly that they form a complete ring and their ends grow into the upper jaw. The lower fangs are shorter than the upper ones, but also large, and their ends are directed upwards and backwards. The species BABIRUSSA is listed in the International Red Book.

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The desman (Desmana moschata) is relatively large: its body length is 18-22 cm, weight is up to 520 g. The scaly tail, equal to the body length and flattened laterally, has a keel on the upper crest. It is made of thick and long hair. The hairline of the muskrat is very thick, even, soft, silky, and does not get wet in healthy animals; above - brownish-brown, below - silver. The most protected species of mammals: The desman species is listed in the Red Book of Russia and in the international Red Book

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RED EVILLE (Nyctalus noctula) is one of the common inhabitants of deciduous forests and parks in Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It has become an important object in the study of seasonal migrations, thermoregulation, nutrition, echolocation and other features of biology.

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Ermine (Mustela erminea) is similar in general to the weasel, but is larger than it and is well distinguished by the black tip of the tail. Body length varies, from 16 to 38 cm, tail from 6 to 12 cm, weight up to 260 g, but usually less. Like the weasel, the ermine turns white in the winter and only the tip of the tail remains black. BI-COLOR LEATHER (Vespertilio murinus) - This is a small animal (forearm 41-48 mm), covered with thick blackish or reddish fur with white tips. Distributed from Western Europe to the mouth of the Ussuri.

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EUROPEAN MINK species is listed in the International Red Book. EUROPEAN MINK (Mustela lutreola) In appearance, the mink resembles a column and a ferret, but its body is even more squat, its head is flattened, its ears are smaller, the coat is much denser, with a very thick underfur. The coloration is uniform, dark brown, more reddish in the European species. He also has a white spot on both lips. The length of her body is 32-43 cm, tail -12-19 cm, weight - 550-800 g,

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The species BLACK STORK is listed in the Red Book of Russia BLACK STORK (Ciconia nigra). Its wing length is on average 54 cm, weight is about 3 kg. The plumage of this bird is predominantly black with a greenish and copper-red metallic sheen, the ventral side of the body is white. The beak, legs, throat, unfeathered spot on the bridle and near the eyes are bright red. The most protected species of birds:

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GREEN WOODPECTER (Picus virdis) The dorsal side and wings are yellowish-olive, the rump is brilliant yellow, the primary feathers are brown, the tail is brownish-black with grayish transverse stripes. The top of the head, the back of the head and the stripe running from the lower jaw to the neck are carmine red, the forehead, space around the eyes and cheeks are black. The ears, throat and goiter are whitish, the rest of the ventral side of the body is pale green with dark streaks. The length of the green woodpecker is 35-37 cm, weight up to 250 g.

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Thrush warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) Its body length exceeds 200 mm, weight is about 30 g. The dorsal side is olive-brown with a slight reddish tint. Above the eye is a pale buffy "eyebrow". The ventral side is off-white with a lighter throat and front of the neck.

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Falcon (Falco vespertinus) Falcon has a short and relatively weak beak, short fingers. Total length 29-33 cm, wingspan 70-77 cm, wing length 23-25 cm. the back of the belly, undertail and lower leg plumage are red. The females are gray with dark brownish-gray transverse stripes on the dorsal side; vertex rufous with dark longitudinal spots; the ventral side is buffy or red, sometimes with a longitudinal dark narrow pattern; flight feathers are gray with a white transverse pattern on the inner webs; the tail is grayish with buffy transverse stripes.

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The species TRITON is listed in the Red Book of Russia TRITON (Triturus vulgaris). Its total length reaches 11 cm, usually about 8 cm, of which about half falls on the tail. The skin is smooth or fine-grained. The coloration of the upper side of the body is olive-brown, the lower side is yellowish with small dark spots. On the head there are longitudinal dark stripes, of which a stripe passing through the eye is always noticeable. The coloration of males during the mating season becomes brighter and a scalloped crest grows from the back of the head to the end of the tail, usually with an orange border and a blue stripe with a pearly sheen. This fin fold is not interrupted at the base of the tail. Lobe rims form on the hind toes. The female has no mating coloration and no dorsal crest, but the coloration becomes brighter. The crest of the male newt is an additional respiratory organ and is especially rich in capillary vessels.

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MBDOU D / S No. 28 "Lyudmila" of the combined type Korolev city PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC: “NATIONAL PARKS OF RUSSIA. MOCK ISLAND "(FOR CHILDREN OF THE OLDER PRESCHOOL AGE) Educator Asadova S.A.

In Russia, over 30 years, 35 national parks. The main idea of creating park areas is not only the conservation of nature and historical monuments, but also the development of ecological tourism, the education of respect for nature among people. Losiny Ostrov is considered the first national park in Russia. Slide text

national park Elk Island was founded in 1983 near Moscow. The uniqueness of this park is the only park within the boundaries of a major metropolis in the world. where you can see wild animals and grow rare plants. For example, 10 km from the Kremlin you can see beavers, elks, birds of prey.

According to its functions, Elk Island can be divided into three zones: Specially protected; Area for sports and walks; Rest zone.

The Yauza and Pekhorka rivers flow through the territory of the national park.

AT flora The national park is dominated by forests. Of the trees, the dominant position is occupied by pines, spruces, larches, birches, oaks and lindens.

AT pine forests common wolfberry, lily of the valley, peach-leaved bellflower and European bathing suit grow.

In broad-leaved forests one can see nettle-leaved bell, green-flowered and two-leaved love, real nesting.

In swamps and near water bodies, marsh napkin, spotted finger corn, bicorn kokushnik and Fuchs have become widespread.

The national park is distinguished by a wide variety of fauna. The Yauza River creates excellent conditions for the habitat of many wild animals. Mammals - spotted deer, elk, wild boar, muskrat, mink, fox, white hare, squirrel.

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