Which cities can be visited from Livorno. What is worth seeing in Livorno? Attractions and attractions in Livorno
Located on the coast of the Ligurian Sea; port and industrial center of Italy. Tourism is not the main area of activity of its inhabitants; a business, working atmosphere reigns here. Recently, the city began to restore its sights, thoroughly destroyed by the war, and it becomes interesting to visit.
Terrace Mascagni
The "musical" terrace of Mascagni (Terrazza Mascagni) is associated with the name of the composer Petro Mascagni, who ran along it as a child and listened to the music of the sea. Today it is a super equipped area for pleasant walks: how you can easily slide on the parquet along the embankment, laid out in a checkerboard pattern. Graceful railings separate from the whims of the restless sea. Round lanterns, a bizarre platform, a snow-white stone gazebo - everything creates a romantic mood.
No wonder the newlyweds leave the locks of their hearts here on the lampposts, and the keys are thrown into the sea as a sign of loyalty to their chosen one. From the gazebo in the park on the terrace of Mascagna, traditional rowing competitions among the inhabitants of the city begin. Teams from 16 districts race on gozzo - 10-row boats and on gozzette - four-oar boats. The Palio Marinaro takes place in Livorno on a hot day in July, on the 2nd Sunday.
Terrace Mascagni starts from the shipyards and stretches to the Aquarium. This is a small aquarium, which contains 1200 specimens of marine animals. Huge turtles, sharks and rays are especially interesting. Parking for cars here costs 2 euros, the entrance ticket is 13 euros.
Little Venice
- See detailed instructions:
By car
Traveling by car is the best way to get to know the province of Livorno. You can rent a car on the site.
For those traveling to Livorno from the North, take the A12 motorway. From the South, you can take the A1 motorway to the Firenze Nord exit, and then take the A11 motorway towards Pisa to the A12 motorway exit, which leads to Livorno.
A taxi from Florence to the port of Livorno costs about 170 euros, you can order a transfer in advance on the website.
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Livorno is quite young by Italian standards and a very peculiar city. There are no ancient ruins or architectural monuments of the early Middle Ages, but there are enough curious places without them: many-sided cathedrals, Renaissance baroque palaces, hotels and mansions in the Art Nouveau style, romantic canals of the Venice area, where you can ride a boat, the house-museum of Amadeo Modigliani - one of the most prominent natives of Livorno, restaurants, enotecas and much, much more.
Business card
The canals of Livorno link the Arno River, which flows through Florence and Pisa, to the Ligurian Sea. Almost the entire life of the city is somehow connected with the sea: the largest seaport in Tuscany is located here, the Naval Academy, opened back in 1881, operates, shipyards operate, sailing regattas are held, and local fishermen supply fish and seafood to restaurants around the world. region.
History and modernity
The first mention of Livorno in Italy dates back to the 11th century: in its place there was a fishing village that existed until the 16th century. In 1571, due to the fact that Pisa lost access to the sea due to the silting of the mouth of the Arno River, Duke Cosimo de' Medici ordered the construction of a major seaport here. And by the middle of the XVII century. Livorno has become a thriving commercial center, with a democratic atmosphere, a multinational composition and active trade relations with the Mediterranean countries. Under the Habsburgs, Livorno was expanded and landscaped, and in the 19th century. became famous as a beach and thermal resort, popular among poets and aristocrats.
Unfortunately, the city was badly damaged during World War II. Nevertheless, he managed to maintain the spirit of tolerance and freedom, and most of the historical monuments were restored.
What to see, where to visit
The oldest buildings of the city of Livorno in Italy are two historical fortresses: the Old (Fortezza Vecchia), closed today to the public, and the New Fortress (Fortezza Nuova), around which in the 17th century. the district of Venice, famous for its canals, has grown.
Other sights include the Duomo (Cathedral of St. Francis), founded in the 16th century. and completely reconstructed in the middle of the 20th century, the old port of the Medici, the bronze monument “Four Moors” with a statue of Ferdinando Medici and figures of pirates bound by a chain, abandoned buildings of the thermal complex, made in the Art Nouveau style. The Livorne churches that once belonged to different peoples and confessions are well preserved: the Baroque church of St. Ferdinand, the temple of the Madonna delle Grazie, the church of St. Gregory (Armenian church), the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin (Greek church), etc.
There are many museums in Livorno. Art connoisseurs are waiting for the Modigliani House Museum and the Giovanni Fattori Museum at Villa Mimbelli, which houses works by Tuscan artists. History buffs will be interested in the Jewish Museum, which tells about the crimes of fascism, and those who are fond of natural sciences are recommended to visit the Museum of Natural History of the Mediterranean, the local aquarium or the National Park of the Tuscan Archipelago.
In your free time, you can walk along the spacious promenade along the coast, admiring the elegant palaces, mansions and snow-white rows of yachts lined up at the piers.
Entertainment and active recreation
The entertainment program in Livorno can include a trip to the beach, diving, a visit to the spa, shopping. Most shops are concentrated in the city center - for example, on Via Grande. The Mercato Centrale market is of great interest: here you can buy the freshest vegetables or fish, as well as excellent souvenirs - handmade pasta, local olive oil, etc.
In Livorno and its surroundings, a lot of spectacular events are held: the Effetto Venezia festival - a series of concerts, street shows and fairs that unfold on the canals in the Venice area and within the walls of the Old and New Fortress in early August; gastronomic festivals dedicated to seasonal products (festival of beans, mushrooms or grapes); sailing regattas and rowing competitions; art exhibition Premio Rotonda, etc.
And, finally, in Italian Livorno there are many nightclubs and bars where not only guests of the city, but also local residents enjoy spending time.
Local cuisine and wines
The basis of the local cuisine is, of course, fish and seafood. Traditional Livorne dishes are thick fish soup cacciucco, sultanka and cod in Livorne style, stuffed squids. They, along with cheese cake and other Italian dishes, are served in almost all restaurants in the city - for example, in Cuvée Enobistrot, Cantina Senese, Ca'Moro restaurant-boat, Il Romito, etc. You can also have a delicious meal in one of the many pizzerias , trattoria, osteria, cafes, bakeries, etc.
Wine connoisseurs are invited to the eco-friendly restaurants Cantina Nardi, Enoteca Faraoni, La Botte e il Tappo, Parole e Cibi for dinner with tasting of excellent wines made in the province of Livorno and Tuscany.
In 1017, Livorno was a village with several houses and was ruled by Pisa. In the XV century came under the rule of Florence. After the decrease in the importance of Pisa as a port, the center of local trade moved to Livorno. Currently, it is the main port of the Tuscany region, with a population of 160 thousand people.
Actually, I was not going to Livorno. But in the hotel of La Spezia I found an album with photographs of the cities of Tuscany and realized that this city is very worthy. Because Pisa was already inspected, I went here. I had to go for about twenty minutes (in principle, if I had a little more time, I would have set off on a bicycle). From the car seen outside the window, I remembered only the airport of Pisa, on which, in addition to clearly civilian aircraft, there were also dark, gray and green tones, apparently military ones (information for our intelligence).
Livorno has begun. I looked out the window and mapped out the route. I did not have any information about the city, but this did not upset me. It was enough to know that Livorno is located on the coast of the Ligurian Sea. First of all, I drove to the objects that seemed interesting to me from the train. They were located in the local cemetery.
This church is nearby.
Then I drove for a long time through uninteresting places built up in the mid-1960s. "Chisternone" means "huge tank" in Italian. This building was built in the first half of the 19th century as part of a complex of tanks for water purification and plumbing.
The Presbyterian Church of St. Andrew was built in the middle of the 19th century. Its construction was allowed by the Catholic Church on the condition that the building does not look like Catholic churches.
Republic Square was originally called Grand Dukes Square (this name seemed more interesting to me).
Another water tank. True, it was never put into operation.
There is also a monument in the nearby Piazza Garibaldi.
The new fortress was built in the 16th century by order of the Medici family. During its long history, the citadel was globally rebuilt more than once, and during the Second World War, part of it was completely destroyed, since barracks and powder stores were located there.
Giuseppe Mazzini actively participated in the struggle for an independent Italy.
There is now a small park in which there were only a few young people who are called "informals".
An area called New Venice formed around the New Fortress. Through the channels you can go to the open sea. On the bridge is a monument to St. John of Nepomuk.
Church of St. Catherine opened in the middle of the XVIII century.
The image above the altar tells about the coronation of the Virgin (it is clear that there is nothing of the kind in the Gospel).
And this is similar to her subsequent ascension to heaven.
The church of San Ferdinando is a bit younger (commissioned in 1716). It has a similar facade.
The construction of the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph (1715) was associated with the construction of an orphanage in the neighborhood.
Monument to Victor Emmanuel II.
It looks like the barracks belong to the financial guards. The policemen I spoke to in Venice had such patches.
The Old Fortress, built in the 16th century (like the New Fortress), included a number of more ancient buildings.
There are two main squares nearby: Municipal and Bolshaya.
The Cathedral of St. Francis began to be built at the end of the 16th century. It was renamed, rebuilt and restored.
The Church of St. Julia was built at the beginning of the 17th century.
We continue to look at the center of Livorno.
Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour was the first chairman of the Council of Ministers of the freedom-fighting Italy. Died in this post.
Evangelical Church.
The Church of Santa Maria del Soccorso is the largest in Livorno. It was consecrated in 1856.
At the entrance there is a monument to the inhabitants of the city who fell in the wars.
Cemetery. Of course, it does not reach the Milanese, but, all the same, it is impressive.
The customs building was erected in 1890.
I drove to the Naval Academy and for a while I roll along the bike path, hoping to get to the shore.
There are many luxurious villas in this place. No wonder, the sea is near...
Sailor monument. It's getting dark, I turn around.
Livorno is an Italian city located on the northwestern coast of the Apennine Peninsula. This is a large port city known since the 16th century. Most vacationers find themselves in Livorno on their way to the more popular cities of Tuscany - Pisa or Lucca. Nevertheless, if fate brought you to this Italian town for a day, a lot of interesting sights of Livorno will easily allow you to immerse yourself in the usual Italian life.
Today Blogoitaliano will talk about how to organize your holiday in Livorno, what to see and what to try in the first place, as well as how to quickly get from Livorno to Florence or Pisa.
Sights of Livorno
Holidays in Livorno are hard to imagine without sightseeing. Being a major port city for centuries, Livorno attracted merchants from different countries, who had a significant impact on the formation of its image. No wonder it is called the city of hundreds of nationalities. During the bombing of World War II, Livorno was practically wiped off the face of the earth, so for the most part everything that can be seen here now is restored buildings on a medieval foundation that have preserved the romance of 500 years ago.
Livorno - a port city known since the 16th century
The main attraction and real symbol of Livorno is the Old Fortress.. Despite the fact that it was built in the distant 11th century, and then noticeably transformed in the 16th century, that impregnable symbol of the power of Livorno was practically destroyed. And no matter how strange it sounds, the Old Fortress today is considered one of the youngest buildings in the city. Some 50 years ago, they began to restore it and continue to restore it to this day. Anyone can visit the old fortress for free.
The old fortress is the most recognizable landmark of Livorno
Another one historical landmark of Livorno - New Fortress built for the Medici family in the 16th century. in the picturesque area of New Venice. Initially, the fortress looked like a five-pointed star, surrounded by moats and canals, but with the growth of the city, the massive walls lost their significance, and after the bombing of the twentieth century. and completely ceased to be used for its intended purpose. Now the fortress houses a cozy city park.
New fortress in the picturesque area of New Venice
The area in which the New Fortress is located is also interesting. It bears the name Little or New Venice due to the large number of canals, bridges and preserved architecture of the XVI-XVII centuries. In the Middle Ages, this area was chosen by wealthy merchants. Several elegant Baroque mansions and villas have survived to this day as a memory of their stay.
Cathedral in Piazza Granda (Livorno, Italy)
Central square of Livorno, Piazza Granda, adorns another famous landmark - Duomo di Livorno Cathedral. It is easy to recognize it thanks to the gray facade, which differs significantly from the main color of the rest of the walls. The main doors of the cathedral are also interesting, depicting the most significant episodes in the history of the city.
It is believed that it was this cathedral, built back in the 16th century, that inspired Inigo Jones to build Covent Garden.
In addition to the cathedral, other religious buildings are also of interest in Livorno: the Dutch Church - Chiesa della Congregazione Olandese Alemanna, the Waldensian Church of St. Andrew, the Anglican Church of St. George, the Armenian Church of San Gregorio Illuminatore, the Greek Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin, the Church of St. Catherine of Siena and towering on a hill Montenero Temple of the Madonna delle Grazie. Such an abundance of confessions and religions once again reminds of the historical multinational past of the Italian town of Livorno.
The Armenian Church of St. Gregory is one of the examples of the multinationality of Livorno
Do not overlook and located on Piazzale Michelli monument to the four moors- the most popular and famous monument of the city. It was installed at the end of the 16th century. in honor of the resounding victories of Ferdinand I over sea pirates. It is the pirates in the image of the Moors that are of the greatest interest. As conceived by the author, they personify 4 different nationalities at different stages of human life.
Monument to the four Moors in Livorno (Italy)
Museum lovers tired of the bustle of the city can visit the famous museum in Livorno museum of natural history of the mediterranean, entirely dedicated to the biological diversity of this region. The museum is located in the historic villa Henderson at Viale Roma, 234, around which there is a quiet and cozy English garden.
Terrace Mascani - a place for leisurely walks
When all the sights have been studied, the museums have been examined and you want to take a leisurely walk along the coast, go to the Mascani terrace. This is one of the favorite vacation spots of the townspeople. Numerous cafes and shops, perennial trees that give such a long-awaited coolness and freshness of the sea breeze - all this can be found on the Mascani terrace. It ends at the city aquarium, which has collected more than 150 species of marine fauna. If you still have the strength, you should look here, not in vain Aquarium of Livorno considered the third largest in Italy.
Where to eat and what to try in Livorno?
The cuisine of Livorno contains all the traditions of Tuscany accumulated over the centuries, complementing them with exquisite Mediterranean fish delicacies. Therefore, it is definitely worth trying the local dishes.
You can start the day in one of the many city cafes with a cup of cappuccino and a bagel with jam or cream, as the locals do it themselves. In addition, for breakfast we recommend trying the delicious local dessert Budino di Riso.
After a hearty breakfast, you can go to the central fish market of Livorno - Mercato Centrale, where every day except Sunday, from 6 am to noon, they sell the freshest seafood, Mediterranean vegetables and fruits, the famous Italian pasta and very inexpensive fragrant olive oil. Here you can easily pick up products for a picnic, which is then arranged in the Villa Fabbricotti park. Don't forget to take the local pie "Torta di Ceci" with you.
The central market is one of the main attractions of the city
As an afternoon snack, locals prefer Schiacciata - a piece of flat bread with olive oil, sausages and cheese, or Roschette - small dough rings. In general, bakery products play an important role in the life of the Livorans.
Love in Livorno and sea delicacies. All the exquisite tastes of the sea can be tasted in the Cantina Senese restaurant, located at Borgo dei Cappuccini 95, or in the Ca’ Moro boat restaurant in Piazza del Pamiglione. Regardless of the choice of location, we recommend trying the local Cacciucco, which is made from five types of marine life and served with garlic bread.
You can also have a cheap bite to eat at the La Barrocciaia osteria on Piazza Cavallotti 13. If there is a free table, feel free to take it, you can save a lot on main courses, but if you are unlucky, take a large sandwich with you for only 5-7 euros.
Meat dishes of Tuscany are best prepared in the "Cantina Senese" tavern, which can be found in the Borgo di Livorno area.
Don't miss the opportunity to taste traditional Tuscan wines. They are served both in traditional restaurants and in the famous enoteca Parole e Cibi, Cantina Nardi, La Botte e il Tappo and others.
Well, you can complete your gastronomic journey through Livorno with the most delicious ice cream in Tuscany, which can be found in numerous gelaterias both in the city and on the seashore.
The beaches of Livorno
Livorno is not the best choice in terms of a beach holiday. The city has several very small beaches, more like an equipped place for launching into the water. And the nearby industrial port negatively affects the quality of water.
Despite the fact that Livorno is located on the seashore, there are not many beaches here.
Nevertheless, for those who like to lazily bask in the sun on the picturesque seashore, there is an excellent way out. It is enough to go north outside the city, to where the city canal connects the Arno River with the sea. Up to Marina di Pisa, for almost 10 km, an excellent sandy beach stretches here. There are also good beaches in the south of the city in the areas of Antignano and Ardense.
Livorno Hotels
For those who do not like the crush on the city beach, you can pick up a hotel in Livorno with its own beach. There are few such hotels and they are all located far from the center. Among the most popular:
- Hotel Rex**** (located in the south of the city in the Antignano area, 6 km from the center)
- Hotel Gennarino*** (located in an elegant villa from the early 20th century in the south of the city)
- Villaggio Miramare (also located in the south of Lirovno, 7 km from the center. Separate self-catering bungalows on the coast with access to the sea are available for guests)
Hotel Rex - a hotel where you can enjoy incredible scenery right from your balcony
If the presence of the beach is not a fundamental condition for you, finding a decent hotel at reasonable prices and in the city center will not be difficult. You can do this using the link below.
How to get from Livorno to Florence or Pisa
For those who consider a stop in the city of Livorno in Italy only as a transit on the way to such famous cities as Pisa or Florence, Blogoitaliano has prepared several recommendations on how to organize your trip to see one of them or 2 cities at once in 1 day.
- The first, easiest and most popular way is. Our guide in Tuscany Natalia, about whom Blogoitaliano already wrote in the article "", will help organize such an excursion.
- The second popular way is to rent a car [link] and see two cities on your own or choose one of them. Fortunately, it is not so far to go from Livorno to Pisa and Florence: 27 km to Pisa, and 94 km to Florence. You can pick up a car in the city center, where shuttle buses deliver all vacationers from the port. Don't want to waste time and wait for the shuttle? Take advantage of taxi services. Transfer to the city center will not cost so much. For those who plan to travel around Italy on a rented car, we recommend reading the article: ""
- And finally, the third way is to get to Florence or Pisa by public transport. There are two options here: the first is to take a shuttle to Piazza Grande and buy a bus or train ticket to Florence or Pisa at a tobacco shop; the second option is to go straight from the port to the Livorno railway station by bus number 1, and then by train to Pisa, Florence or Lucca.
Attention! Don't forget to validate your tickets before boarding the train. You can read about how to do this in the article ""
National Park of the Tuscan Archipelago (Parco nationale dell "Arcipelago Toscano)
According to legend, when Venus was born from a wave of the sea, several precious stones fell from her tiara, becoming seven islands off the Tuscan coast, starting with the large Elba (223 sq. Km) and ending with the legendary but modest Montecristo (just over 1000 hectares). All the islands of the archipelago, with the exception of Montecristo, are today part of the marine reserve, which exists mainly on income from biological tourism.
The national park was created in 1996 to preserve the unique ecosystem of the islands. In addition to land areas, its borders cover 60,000 hectares of the sea surrounding them. The local biodiversity is based on typical Mediterranean flora and fauna, but there are rare species such as Neptune's brush algae and monk seals, which have been extirpated from most Italian coasts.
Bird lovers in the off-season can watch the huge flocks stopping here to rest during flights between Africa and Europe. Enough on the islands of the archipelago and permanently inhabiting birds: large and Pianosa have become home to shy red partridges, about a third of the world population of the Corsican gull, which has become a symbol of the national park, nests here.
The Tuscan Archipelago National Park is located east of Livorno.
Old fortress (Fortezza Vecchia)
No matter how strange it may sound, the Old Fortress is one of the youngest buildings in the Livorno waterfront area. The Second World War almost completely destroyed the impregnable symbol of urban power, created back in the 11th century, and it needed more than a serious reconstruction. About 60 years ago, historical buildings were recreated anew, all possible historical elements were preserved. Visitors are admitted to the territory of the fortress free of charge.
New fortress (Fortezza Nuova)
This fortress was built in the 16th century for the Medici family, it is located in the area known as Little or New Venice, because. it is penetrated by a network of narrow channels. Initially, the fortress had the shape of a five-pointed star and was protected by ditches and canals. But the rapid growth of the city beyond the powerful walls reduced their importance, and after the Second World War, the surviving premises ceased to be used at all.
Today, behind the red-brick walls there is a large city park, which has become home to dozens of stray cats.
Leopold's Wall (Mura Leopoldine)
The growing port went beyond the fortress walls, and by order of Prince Leopoldo II, the construction zone was surrounded by a new barrier. Protection was required mainly against possible smuggling of goods. The wall stretched for 8 kilometers and served the city during the defense against the Austrians in 1849. Most of it was destroyed by the bombing of World War II, only a few fragments survived. Currently, the issue of the reconstruction of some sections and the creation of park areas along them is being resolved.
Natural History Museum of the Mediterranean (Museo di storia naturale del Mediterraneo)
The natural science museum is located in the historic Henderson Villa and its exposition is entirely devoted to the biology of the Mediterranean Sea. In 2009, a seed bank was created on the basis of the museum, which works in conjunction with other large gene repositories in Europe.
The museum is located at 234 Rimskaya Street. It is open from 09:00 to 13:00 from Tuesday to Friday and from 15:00 to 19:00 on Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday. An adult ticket costs 10 euros, a child ticket costs 5 euros.
Giovanni Fattori Museum (Museo civico Giovanni Fattori)
Dedicated to the work of Macchiaioli artists and named after one of the brightest representatives of this style of painting, it opened in 1994 in the beautiful Villa Mimbelli. The beginning of the exposition was laid back in 1877, during the lifetime of active participants in the Macchiaioli movement, and fully took shape in the 30s of the last century.
Villa Mimbelli is located in the suburbs of Livorno, south of the city centre. The museum is open from 10:00 to 13:00 and from 16:00 to 19:00 from Tuesday to Sunday. The entrance ticket costs 4 euros.
Cathedral (Duomo di Livorno)
The city's cathedral is the main decoration of the central pentagonal square of Livorno. It was built at the end of the 16th century in the style of Renaissance architecture and received the patronage of St. Francis. This building is believed to have inspired Inigo Jones, a pioneer of English Renaissance architecture, to build Covent Garden.
The brightest, in the truest sense of the word, detail of the Cathedral is its facade. It was rebuilt and significantly changed at the beginning of the 20th century, the material was gray stone, which differs significantly in color from the main walls. The interior decoration consists of several large canvases on biblical themes, and here are the tombs of two governors who ruled the city in the 18th century. In 2006, the cathedral received a new gate by Antonio Vinciguerra depicting the most significant episodes from the history of Livorno.
Church of St. Catherine of Siena (Chiesa di Santa Caterina)
The tall tower of the bell tower of St. Catherine's Church dominates the urban landscape of the New Venice area. This church was built for a long century and a half and began to function as a Dominican monastery long before the end of construction. During the Napoleonic era, the building was converted into a prison, which was transferred from here only in the last decades of the 20th century. After restoration work, services began again here.
The interior of the church is decorated with 1,500 square meters of frescoes from the 19th century - one of the largest surfaces in Tuscany. The famous painting by Giorgio Vasari "The Coronation of the Virgin", brought in 2007, is placed in the choir. At the side entrance there is a gallery with a large organ. In one of the chapels of the church are placed the holy relics, transferred here from Cagliari.
Temple of the Madonna delle Grazie
This church building is also known as the Sanctuary of Montenero, it stands on the hill of the same name, is dedicated to the patron saint of the Tuscan lands and serves as the burial place of several famous residents of Livorno.
Despite the rather modern appearance, the temple has an ancient origin, which began with a miracle of healing in 1345. The construction and expansion of the temple on the top of the hill continued from the 15th to the 18th centuries. In 1603, for numerous pilgrims, a small chapel of the Apparition (Cappella dell "Apparizione) was built at the foot of the hill, and only in 1956 it was replaced by a larger church, from where the ascent to the sanctuary begins today.
The temple complex of the Madonna delle Grazie is located on a rectangular platform, accessed by stairs. The main building is preceded by a portico and several memorial stones. Not far from the porch is a bas-relief of Antonio Vinciguerra depicting Pope John Paul II, installed in honor of the visit of the Pontiff in 1982. The interior space is decorated with paintings by Filippo Maria Galletti, the wooden ceiling is decorated with carvings by Pietro Giambelli. The temple is equipped with a three-keyboard organ.
Museum of Jewish Culture and History (Museo ebraico Yeshivà Marini)
The museum is located at 21 Mikali Street, in a building in a 19th-century neoclassical oratory that served as a synagogue. Its exposition demonstrates samples of Jewish culture and evidence of Nazi persecution in Italy and Europe.
Jewish cemeteries (Cimiteri ebraici di Livorno)
Traditionally, one of the largest Jewish communities is located in Livorno, but they had to bury the dead on the Milinacci beach, until in the middle of the 17th century a site was allocated for this purpose near one of the city cemeteries. After 90 years, a second cemetery appeared on Via Corallo, but in 1939 it was decided to dismantle all the burials and move them to the Stagno area in order to combine them with a large cemetery opened in 1837. It functions to this day and contains the memory of those who died in the First World War and the Holocaust.
Naval Academy (L "Accademia Navale di Livorno)
The Military University of Livorno trains officers of the Italian Navy. For two centuries after construction, the building housed a hospital, later a prison and barracks. The educational institution opened here in 1881 and, in addition to sailors, trained pilots at one time.
The main part of the sprawling educational complex consists of a large three-story building with three wings arranged at right angles. The main building is crowned with a square tower with a clock on each side and the motto "Honor and Fatherland". The Naval Academy complex covers an area of about 215 square meters and annually receives 1,250 students for training and retraining.
Monument to the Four Moors
This monument, located in Piazzale Micheli, is the most famous in the city. Its installation at the end of the 16th century symbolized the revival of Livorno, the construction of new districts. Ferdinand I, whose statue crowns the monument, led the work and was revered as the founder of the city. The figures of four captive Moors at the foot serve as a symbol of resounding victories over pirates. They are of the greatest interest from an artistic point of view. For all the similarity to each other, the images are carefully selected and represent simultaneously four nationalities and four stages of human life.
In the 30s of the 17th century, it was planned to supplement the composition with two fountains made in the Mannerist style and depicting sea monsters, but by the will of fate they never left Florence, now decorating Santissima Annunziata Square.
During the Second World War, the inhabitants of the city did everything to save their relic: the monument was divided into separate figures, which were hidden in different caches. In June 1950, the monument was assembled and erected in place, right in the middle of the ruins of the city destroyed by the bombing.
Tower on the island of Meloria (Torre della Meloria)
On a man-made island 7 kilometers directly opposite the port of Livorno, there is a quadrangular lighthouse tower. It was erected in 1709 and became the third in a row on this site. The island of Meloria, known as the place of the double battle between Genoa and Pisa, is only slightly raised above the water, so the massive tower rests on four pillars, connected in pairs along the perimeter by arches, so as not to resist the overwhelming waves.
Theater Carlo Goldoni (Teatro Carlo Goldoni)
This theater was built in 1842 and was the only major theater in Livorno to survive the devastating bombings of World War II. The building also houses the Pietro Mascagni Museum, which contains a collection of personal belongings of the maestro.
There was a big break in the theater's activities from the 80s until 2004, when it was closed for restoration, but still managed to restore its former glory and grandeur. The height of the auditorium is 26 meters, and a glass insert is built into the center of its roof. Initially, the hall was designed for 3,000 people, but after the reconstruction, for security reasons, the number of seats was reduced to 900.
Thermal spa (Stabilimento termal Acque della Salute)
On Dante Square (Orosi Street), not far from the railway station, you can see an abandoned resort complex. The dilapidated buildings were abandoned several decades ago, after a fire in 1968, and the issue of their restoration has not yet been resolved.
The complex, built in 1904 in a quiet eastern area of the city, consists of three buildings standing on the site of four springs with different types of mineral water. Medicinal waters were discovered here in 1854, on the site of an ancient vineyard. To be able to receive everyone, a luxurious hotel Corallo was built nearby.
Despite the decline, the buildings of the former hospital are still of great cultural value, being one of the best urban examples of Art Nouveau architecture. Here you can see wooden frames, decorated with fine intricate carvings. Many design elements reflect natural motifs.
