How balloons are made. Do-it-yourself kite - simple and interesting

Asia

Foil balloons are made from pieces of metallized lavsan film, with a colorful pattern or a single-color coating applied, connecting them by thermal welding. Since lavsan film with metal coating is very similar to foil, they are most often called "foil", much less often - "mylar" or "lavsan". Foil balloons are of the following types:

Decoration - are made in the form of various stars, a circle, a heart, a crescent moon from a plain film of bright colors. Some manufacturers cover them with holographic paint, which gives the paint a transfusion and sparkle.

With a pattern - are produced in the same forms as the design ones, but they are applied or inscriptions for all festive occasions.

Symbols are monophonic, as a rule, made in the form of numbers or Latin letters 80-90 centimeters high.

Figures - made in the form of animals, heroes of animated films and fairy tales, various objects. They are simple or bulky.

Walking figures - inside them are special weights that do not allow them to fly up. At the slightest draft, the figure moves along the floor, turns, swings its head.

What and how to properly inflate a foil balloon?

Small balloons are more often filled with air, in which case the balloon is usually attached to a tube with a clamp. Volumetric ones measuring 18 inches or more are filled with helium. All foil balloons have an inlet (aka non-return) valve at the base, through which it is inflated with both air and helium.

To solve the question of how to inflate the balloon with air, you can use a hand pump, which has several nozzles and is suitable for all types. If there is no pump at hand, you can inflate by mouth through a cocktail tube. In this case, you must carefully insert the tube into the inlet towards the center of the ball, move it 5-10 centimeters inward and exhale inward. If necessary, straighten the foil ball or gently push the tube a little deeper. After inflating, you just need to pull out the tube, the check valve will immediately close and the air will not come out.

To fill foil balloons with helium, you will need a portable helium tank, a balloon attachment, and an adapter to inflate this type of balloon. The lower, wider part of the nozzle is screwed onto the cylinder, then an adapter is screwed into it. This adapter is the tube that needs to act in the same way as when inflating with air. It is advisable to blow the ball through the tube with air before opening the balloon (just one exhalation to make sure that the air goes). Then you need to press the neck of the ball to the adapter, open the valve on the cylinder and start filling the ball. At first, it is inflated quickly, but when almost full, helium begins to be supplied in small portions in order to avoid a burst of the ball. When the foil ball is fully inflated, the valve is completely wrapped, the ball is carefully removed from the adapter, tied with a braid or sealed with a sealer.

A well-filled balloon does not need to be tied, as the non-return valve keeps the filling inside. But, so that the ball does not fly away, a braid is tied to its neck. If you tie a ribbon above the inlet, then the tightness of the valve may be broken and the ball will lose elasticity, so you need to tie the ribbon below the inlet. Balls without a valve are sealed using a specialized device - a sealer, while two welds are formed on the neck of the filled ball, located above the inlet. Then a braid is tied to it.

life span of foil balloons

Their lifespan ranges from a few days to a month. Helium or air slowly escapes through the check valve or through the seams that connect the parts of the balloon.

In addition, life expectancy is affected Environment: cold, heat, rain. Therefore, it is advisable not to expose the balloons to a large temperature difference, not to use them in the rain or in the wind, and also to properly fill and tie them.

The second life of foil balloons

In order to save money when decorating a holiday, you can reuse used foil balloons, but for this you need to correctly and carefully release all the air from them, and store them unfolded in a dry and cool place, laying paper between them.

If you take an inflated bubble and lower it into the water, and then let it go, the bubble will jump out to the top of the water and begin to float on it. In the same way, if you boil the cast iron of water, then at the bottom, above the fire, the water becomes volatile, gas; and as soon as the steam gathers, a little water gas, it will now pop up in a bubble. First one bubble pops up, then another, and when all the water is heated, the bubbles pop up without ceasing: then the water boils.

Just as bubbles inflated with flying water jump out of water, because they are lighter than water, so a bubble will jump out of the air to the very top of the air, inflated with gas - hydrogen, or hot air, because hot air is lighter than cold air, and hydrogen lighter than all gases.

Balloons are made from hydrogen and hot air. This is how balloons are made from hydrogen: they make a big bubble, tie it with ropes to stakes and let hydrogen into it. As soon as the rope is untied, the bubble will fly up, and fly until it jumps out of the air, which is heavier than hydrogen. And when it jumps up into the light air, it will begin to float through the air, like a bubble on water. Made from hot air Balloons Here's how: they make a big empty ball with a neck at the bottom, like an inverted jug, and a tuft of cotton is attached to the neck, and this cotton is soaked in alcohol and set on fire. From the fire, the air in the balloon will warm up and become lighter than cold air, and the balloon will pull upwards, like a bubble from water. And the balloon will fly up until it comes into the air lighter than the hot air in the balloon.

Almost a hundred years ago, the French, the Montgolfier brothers, invented balloons. They made a ball of linen with paper, filled it with hot air; the ball flew. Then they made another bigger ball, tied a ram, a rooster and a duck under the ball and let it go. The ball rose and fell safely. Then they forged a boat under the ball and a man sat in the boat. The balloon flew so high that it disappeared from sight: it flew and then descended safely. Then they came up with the idea of filling the balloons with hydrogen and began to fly even higher and faster.

In order to fly on a balloon, they tie a boat under it, and two, three, and even eight people sit in this boat and take food and drink with them.

In order to descend and ascend whenever you want, a valve is made in the balloon, and the one who flies can pull the rope and open and close this valve. If the balloon rises too high and whoever is flying wants to lower it, he will open the valve, the gas will escape, the balloon will shrink and begin to descend. In addition, there are always sandbags on the ball. If you drop the bag, then the ball will be lighter and it will go up. If someone flies, wants to go down and sees that something is wrong below - or a river or a forest, then he pours the sand out of the bags, and the ball becomes lighter and rises again.

Just as bubbles inflated by flying water jump out of water, because they are lighter than water, so a bubble inflated with gas will jump out of the air to the very top of the air - hydrogen or hot air, because hot air is lighter than cold air, and hydrogen is lighter than all gases.

Balloons are made from hydrogen and hot air. This is how balloons are made from hydrogen: they make a big bubble, tie it with ropes to stakes and let hydrogen into it. As soon as the rope is untied, the bubble will fly up, and fly until it jumps out of the air, which is heavier than hydrogen. And when it jumps up into the light air, it will begin to float through the air, like a bubble on water. Balloons are made from hot air in the following way: they make a large empty balloon with a neck at the bottom, like an inverted jug, and a piece of cotton is attached to the neck, and this cotton is soaked in alcohol and lit. From the fire, the air in the balloon will warm up and become lighter than cold air, and the balloon will pull upwards, like a bubble from water. And the balloon will fly up until it comes into the air lighter than the hot air in the balloon.

In order to fly on a balloon, they tie a boat under it, and two, three, and even eight people sit in this boat and take food and drink with them.

In order to descend and ascend whenever you want, a valve is made in the balloon, and the one who flies can pull the rope and open and close this valve. If the ball rises too high and whoever flies wants to lower it, then he will open the valve, the gas will come out, the ball will shrink and begin to descend. In addition, there are always sandbags on the ball. If you drop the bag, then the ball will be lighter and it will go up. If someone flies, wants to go down and sees that something is wrong below - or a river or a forest, then he pours the sand out of the bags, and the ball becomes lighter and rises again.

For many people, the ball has been associated with the holiday since childhood. They are given to each other, they decorate the halls, they are launched into the air at the final stage of the solemn event. But not everyone knows how balloons are made.

There are five stages in the production of balls:

preparation of latex mass;
formation of balls;
washing and drying;
removal from the mold of finished products;
quality control.

Preparation of latex mass

Modern balloons are made from latex. They contain more than just rubber. Its percentage usually does not exceed 60%. Everything else is non-toxic chemical impurities, fillers and dyes. It is on the quality of the components that the strength and appearance of future balls will primarily depend. Each manufacturer keeps the exact composition and technology a secret. The goal of all manipulations is to obtain an elastic mass.

ball shaping

To shape the balls, special blanks are used. Their configuration depends on the final product, but it is very similar to a deflated balloon. Materials for blanks use a variety of: ceramics, plastic, aluminum.

First of all, the tip is placed in a coagulant, which will act as a magnet that "collects" the latex.
The form moistened with coagulant is dipped in latex.
A chemical reaction takes place, resulting in the latex sticking to the disc.
Calcium nitrate, water and/or alcohol are used as coagulant.
If technology requires it, the balloons are dried and then immersed in latex again. To give the balls smoothness, they are passed through rotating brushes or rollers.

Washing and drying

Blanks with freshly applied latex are allowed to dry. Washing is a mandatory and very important step in the production of balls. With the help of it, harmful substances are removed from the surface of the ball. If the manufacturer has an unscrupulous attitude to this stage, balls containing harmful substances go on sale. After washing, the blanks are placed in a drying chamber. Here the latex mass loses excess moisture and hardens under the influence of temperature. With the help of a fan, the finished products are cooled to room temperature.

Demoulding finished products

The balls are dry, hardened and ready to be separated from the mold. This is done manually, using water or compressed air.

Quality control

Each party passes obligatory control. Check not only the presence of defects, but also the absence of harmful impurities. Good quality balls have walls of the same thickness, do not leave an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth, the edges of the hole are movable.

Now it is not a secret for you how balloons are made. Watching the process of their production is fascinating.