RARE SPECIES OF PLANTS LITTORAL ZONE NATURAL MONUMENT "LAKE ABRAU"

Svetlana Litvinskaya

Dr. Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Geoecology and wildlife management,

Professor of Kuban State University,

Russia, Krasnodar

Alexey Kotov

MA Department of Geoecology and wildlife management Kuban State University, Russia, Krasnodar

Tatiana Kvasha

MA Department of Geoecology and wildlife management Kuban State University,

Russia, Krasnodar

ANNOTATION

For the first time, information is given on the growth of rare species listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Krasnodar Territory, growing in the coastal zone of the natural monument "Lake Abrau". Distribution maps, the state of individuals, and abundance are given.

ABSTRACT

For the first time provides information about rare species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and Krasnodar, growing in the coastal zone of natural monument "Lake Abrau." Are distribution maps, status of individuals, the number.

Keywords: natural monument, lake Abrau, rare species.

keywords: natural monument, lake Abrau, rare species.

Lake Abrau was declared a natural monument by the decision of the city executive committee of Novorossiysk No. 328 of June 26, 1979 No. 328. By the decision of the regional executive committee of 14.07. In 1988, No. 326, the lake was given the status of a complex natural monument. Security mode - custom. Purpose - scientific and recreational. The security certificate was awarded to the Novorossiysk Society of Hunters and Fishermen. The purpose of the establishment of the natural monument "Lake Abrau": the preservation of the relict water basin as a habitat for a rare endemic of the world fauna - the Abrau kilka; preservation of a scientifically valuable geological and geomorphological object and preservation of a hydrological object - the only large freshwater basin on the peninsula of the same name, which has recreational value. The natural monument also performs the functions of preserving the unique sub-Mediterranean landscape in the coastal zone of the lake, archeological monuments, preserving rare and endangered species of biota in the coastal zone. The purpose of the research: the study of rare plant species in the coastal zone of Lake Abrau. In geobotanical terms, the research area belongs to the Crimean-Novorossiysk province, in floristic zoning - to the North-Western Transcaucasia, Anapa-Gelendzhik floristic region.

Most rare species gravitate in their distribution to dry habitats of the southern macroslope of the Navagir Range. The lower belt of juniper-pistachio woodlands and fluffy-oak forests (shibliak) is especially rich in rare species. In the coastal zone of Lake Abrau, 9 species of plants are registered, listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation (2008) and the Krasnodar Territory (2007). Data compiled from July 2016 surveys.

Juniperus excelsa Bieb. [ Juniperus excelsa Bieb. subsp. excelsa, 1975] - Phylum Tracheophyta, Class - Pinopsida, Fam. Cupressaceae. The global population threat category on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is rated "Low Risk/Least Concern": Red List Category & Criteria - Least Concern ver 3.1 (2013). Species status category: 1 "Endangered" - 1B, UI. Eastern Mediterranean hemixerophilous relict species on the northern border of the range. The Red Book of the Russian Federation - status category - 2. The regional population belongs to the category of rarity "Endangered" - EN A2acd; B1ab(i,ii,iii), C.A. Litvinskaya. Juniperus excelsa grows on steep eroded slopes on the eastern shore of Lake Abrau in pubescent oak shiblyak. The condition is normal. There is no oppression. The number of 5-6 individuals. Coordinates: N 44 o 41" 113"" E 37 o 35" 410""; N 44 o 41" 417"" E 37 o 35" 205"" (3 individuals, 3 m high); N 44 o 41" 935"" E 37 o 35" 356""; N 44 o 42 "158"" E 37 o 35" 331"" (Figure 1).

Picture 1. Map of rare species of the coastal zone of the lake. Abrau

Glaucium flavum Crantz. Phylum Magnoliophyta, Class-Magnoliopsida, Fam. papaveraceae. Category and status: 2 "Vulnerable" - 2, HC. European-Mediterranean littoral stenotopic species on the northern border of the range with declining numbers and range. Red Book of the Russian Federation - status category 2. The regional population belongs to the Vulnerable rarity category - VU A1acd; B1b(i,ii,iii,iv)c(iv), S.A. Litvinskaya. The species was recorded at two points in the coastal zone (Figure 1). Coordinates: N 44 o 41" 473"" E 37 o 35" 722"". Number: 2 generative individuals and 14 vegetative. The number of flowers per 1 individual is 15, the number of fruits is 278. The condition is good, although the number is low. There is no oppression. Individuals grow in natural undisturbed communities on marl in the lower part of a steep bank (Figure 2).

Crambe maritima L. Phylum Magnoliophyta, Class-Magnoliopsida, Fam. Brassicaceae. Category and status: 2 "Vulnerable" - 2, HC. Mediterranean-Atlantic littoral species growing in the zone of intensive recreational use and economic development. The regional population belongs to the Vulnerable rarity category: VU A2ac; B1b(iii,iv,v)c(iii), S.A. Litvinskaya. The species grows near the coastal slope. 2 points are marked (Figure 1). Coordinates: N 44 o 41" 158"" E 37 o 35" 517""; N 44 o 41" 233"" E 37 o 35" 507"". Number - 3 individuals (Figure 3).

Hypericum hyssopifolium Chaix. Phylum Magnoliophyta, Class-Magnoliopsida, Fam. Hypericaceae. Category and status: 2 "Vulnerable" - 2, HC. Crimean-Novorossiysk subendemic with an extremely narrow range, confined to a zone of high recreation and resort construction. The regional population belongs to the Vulnerable rarity category: VU C2a(i), С.А. Litvinskaya. The species is confined to the steep marly coastal slope of Lake Abrau (Figure 1). Coordinates: N 44 o 41" 609"" E 37 o 35" 815""; N 44 o 41" 612"" E 37 o 35" 847""; N 44 o 41" 873"" E 37 o 35" 831""; N 44 o 42" 396"" E 37 o 35" 704"". In the first point, 10 individuals grew, in the second - 5, in the remaining 1-2. Life is full. During the study period, the individuals were in a state of fruiting. There is no oppression.

Fibigia eriocarpa(DC.) Boiss. Phylum Magnoliophyta, Class-Magnoliopsida, Fam. Brassicaceae. Category and status: 2 "Vulnerable" - 2, HC. Eastern Mediterranean stenotopic species with an isolated fragment of its range on the northern border, growing under conditions of intensive recreation and resort construction. The regional population belongs to the Vulnerable rarity category: VU A1ac, С.А. Litvinskaya (Figure 1). Coordinates: N 44 o 41" 233"" E 37 o 35" 507"" (2 specimens); N 44 o 41" 250"" E 37 o 35" 499"" (2 individuals); N 44 o 41" 590"" E 37 o 35 264; N 44 o 41" 250"" E 37 o 35" 499"". The species grows on the coastal slope. The number is low, but individuals bear fruit. Vitality is normal.

Linum tauricum Willd. Phylum Magnoliophyta, Class-Magnoliopsida, Fam. Linaceae. Category and status: 2 "Vulnerable" - 2, HC. Crimean-Caucasian subendemic with a small area of ​​​​the range and low abundance, confined to the zone of high recreation and resort construction. The regional population belongs to the Vulnerable rarity category: VU C2a(i), С.А. Litvinskaya. Coordinates: N 44 o 41" 609"" E 37 o 35" 815""; N 44 o 41" 672"" E 37 o 35" 729""; N 44 o 41" 900"" E 37 o 35" 845"". The number is low, but individuals bear fruit. Vitality is normal.

Lonicera etrusca Santi. Phylum Magnoliophyta, Class - Magnoliopsida, Order - Dipsacales, Fam. Caprifoliaceae. Category and status: 1 "Endangered" - 1B, UI. A rare tertiary relict Mediterranean species. The eastern limit of the range passes in the Krasnodar Territory. The Red Book of the Russian Federation - status category 3. The regional population belongs to the rarity category "Endangered": EN A2acd; B1b(iii,iv)c(ii,iii), S.A. Litvinskaya. Coordinates: N 44 o 41" 187"" E o 37 35" 511""; N 44 o 42" 43"" E 37 o 35" 334""; N 44 o 42" 188"" E 37 o 35" 341""; N 44 o 41" 614"" E 37 o 35" 836""; N 44 o 42" 390"" E 37 o 35" 249""; N 44 o 41" 672"" E 37 o 35" 729""; N 44 o 41" 777"" E 37 o 35" 753""; N 44 o 41" 873" E 37 o 35" 831""; N 44 o 41" 900"" E 37 o 35" 845""; N 44 o 41" 971"" E 37 o 35" 813"". The condition is normal. Flowering and fruit-bearing individuals were noted. Number of about 30 individuals.

Salvia ringens Sibth. et Sm. Phylum Magnoliophyta, Class-Magnoliopsida, Fam. Lamiaceae. Category and status: 2 "Vulnerable" - 2, HC. Eastern Mediterranean stenotopic species at the extreme limit of the range, growing in conditions of intensive recreation and resort construction. The regional population belongs to the Vulnerable rarity category: VU A3cd; B1b(iv)c(ii,iii), S.A. Litvinskaya. Coordinates: N 44 o 41" 609"" E 37 o 35" 815""; N 44 o 41" 614"" E 37 o 35" 836""; N 44 o 42" 569"" E 37 o 35" 280""; N 44 o 41" 644"" E 37 o 35" 755""; N 44 o 41" 698"" E 37 o 35" 743"". The state of the species is normal, noted in the state of flowering and fruiting.

Campanula komarovii Maleev. Phylum Magnoliophyta, Class-Magnoliopsida, Fam. Campanulaceae. Category and status: 2 "Vulnerable" - 2, HC. Narrow-local Novorossiysk endemic, growing in conditions of intensive recreation and resort construction. The Red Book of the Russian Federation - status category 3. The regional population belongs to the Vulnerable rarity category: VU A2cd; B1b(iii,v)c(iii), S.A. Litvinskaya. Coordinates: N 44 o 41" 491"" E 37 o 35" 923""; N 44 o 42" 43"" E 37 o 35" 334""; N 44 o 41" 609"" E 37 o 35" 815""; N 44 o 41" 612"" E 37 o 35" 847""; N 44 o 42" 344"" E 37 o 35" 269""; N 44 about 41 "731"" E 37 about 35 "745"" (Figure 4). During the study period, the species was in a state of fruiting and the end of vegetation. Judging by the fruiting, the state of the species is normal, no oppression is observed.

Figure 4. Coincidence of the Komarov's bell to the shore zone of the lake. Abrau

Studies have shown that two species grow in the coastal zone of Lake Abrau ( Glaucium flavum, Crambe maritima), for which these habitats are not typical and are located at a considerable distance from typical places in the littoral zone of the Black Sea, which is important for clarifying the ranges of these species in the region. The coastal zone of Lake Abrau is under a strong influence of recreational impact. More than half of the coastal zone no longer has vegetation. It is necessary to preserve the habitats of rare species in the coastal zone of the natural monument "Lake Abrau".

Bibliography:

1. Red Book of the Russian Federation (Plants and fungi) 2008. / ed. L.V. Bardunova, V.S. Novikov. M.: Association of Scientific Publications KMK. 855 p.
2. Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory (Plants and mushrooms). 2007. 2nd ed. / ed. S.A. Litvinskaya. Krasnodar. 640 p.
3. Menitsky Yu.L. Project "Summary of the flora of the Caucasus". Map of flora areas // Botan. magazine 1991. V. 76. No. 11. S. 1513-1521.

UDC: 574.5; 574.24

Zvianets Anastasia Olegovna

FGBOU VO MSUTU im. KG. Razumovsky (PKU), Moscow, RF

FGBOU VO MSUTU im. KG. Razumovsky (PKU), Moscow, RF

Email: [email protected]

ANALYSIS OF THE SANITARY AND HYGIENIC CONDITION OF LAKE ABRAU, KRASNODAR KRAI, WITH THE PURPOSE OF NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE WATER ECOSYSTEM

annotation

The sanitary and hygienic state of Lake Abrau in the Krasnodar Territory was studied. An analysis of the aquatic ecosystem was carried out and sources of pollution of the reservoir were identified. The results of the work were a description of the negative factors influencing Lake Abrau from biological and anthropogenic impacts, and ways were proposed for cleansing and protecting the reservoir.

Keywords

Lake Abrau, Anthropogenic factors, Siltation, Wastewater, Pollution, Purification, Pesticides.

Lake Abrau is the largest freshwater lake in the Krasnodar Territory. It is located on the Abrau Peninsula, 14 km from Novorossiysk. The only river flows into the reservoir - Abrau, a number of springs and temporary streams that collect rainfall water from an area of ​​​​about 20 square kilometers. The lake in question serves as the only source of industrial, agricultural and domestic, including drinking, water supply of the village.

For a long time, sewage from the settlement through the sewerage system, as well as sewage and rainwater from the fields, enter the lake. This contributes to the annual deterioration of the state of the reservoir. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the SGP of the lake, as well as methods for its purification.

In recent years, Lake Abrau and its coastal zone have been actively used as a recreation area, which also affects the ecological state of the reservoir. In this regard, we became interested in the state of the reservoir. Samples for analysis were taken in places where storm water was discharged from the adjacent territory of the Abrau-Dyurso sparkling wine factory and technological drainage was discharged from the tunnels of the sparkling wine factory, as well as in the area of ​​coastal areas where private construction is underway. In the selected samples, an excess of the permissible content of the total number of pathogenic bacteria was found. Also, the content of phosphate ion exceeded the permissible norm by almost 5 times, iron and hydrogen sulfide - by 3.4 times, phenol - by 1.7 times. Pesticides, aldrin and hexachlorobenzene, were also found in the water, which are used to protect crops from pests. Aldrin is a highly toxic substance for animals and humans. MPC of these pesticides for water bodies is 0.001 mg/l. A high level of oil pollution was found, but their origin is unknown. After 2011, measures were taken to improve the state of the reservoir, but they did not bring the expected results. The main environmental hazard for the lake is mainly caused by: domestic wastewater, the beach (MSW) and sewage and rainwater from the fields, which carries various pesticides. These negative impacts affect the chemical composition of water and contribute to more active siltation and shallowing of the reservoir, which directly affects its diversity of flora and

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL "SYMBOL OF SCIENCE" №7/2016 ISSN 2410-700X_

fauna. An example is the extinction of the Abrau kilka (endemic to the lake, listed in the Red Book). The limitation of food resources due to silting of the bottom, as well as the poor chemical state of the water, contributed to the mass death of fish.

Domestic wastewater enters the reservoir only due to the poor condition of the sewerage system in the nearby village. The Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation in the Krasnodar Territory found that the treatment facilities in the village of Abrau-Dyurso in the city of Novorossiysk do not perform their functions, as the sewer system has become unusable, as a result of which household waste drained into the soil and enters the lake through storm drains. It is also worth noting that many owners of plots on the banks of the Abrau illegally drain from their homes directly into the reservoir, which accordingly affects the state of the water.

Over the past decade, the depth of the lake has decreased from thirty to eleven meters. The reason for this decrease is the silting of the reservoir itself. This process occurs most often in a natural way, but not without the influence of anthropogenic factors. Vineyards growing along its banks have a great influence on silting. To improve the condition of the reservoir, the following measures were taken: parking and washing of vehicles, camping, parking of boats (except for one service), garbage dump, campfires, logging (except sanitary felling) are prohibited. These bans only slightly reduced the anthropogenic impact on the lake. It was also forbidden to discharge contaminated and neutralized industrial effluents, pollute the soil near the lake and itself with pesticides. These requirements are not fully observed, in particular, due to the deterioration of the sewerage of the village, as well as due to the use of pesticides in agriculture.

In order to restore the natural balance of Lake Abrau, disturbed by the adverse effects of anthropogenic and technogenic nature, it is necessary to carry out biological treatment. This method of cleaning is carried out without any negative consequences for the flora and fauna of the reservoir. It is necessary to organize the biological filtration of the lake - the construction of a small bioplateau (pond) next to it. Fish should not get into the pond, so it must be equipped on a hill. The border between them can be decorated with stones. Water is supplied to the dam by means of a pump. After being purified, it flows down over the stones and again falls into the main reservoir. At the same time, a nearby pond should be inhabited by crustacean plankton and fish. Thus, it is possible to reduce the layer of silt at the bottom of the reservoir, provided that sewage does not enter it.

Lake Abrau is a natural monument that needs careful protection. Anthropogenic impacts are destroying the reservoir, and only man himself can stop it. Constant monitoring of water and coastal zone will significantly improve the ecosystem. Replacing the sewerage of the coastal village and installing a more powerful filter in the treatment plant will prevent sewage from entering the pond. Avoiding the use of pesticides to fertilize nearby crops will greatly improve the chemical state of the water. If the negative impact on the lake decreases, then the silt layer should gradually decrease. As a result, the lake will return to its former depth and its biodiversity will increase.

List of used literature:

1. Zhukov A.I., Mongait I.L., Rodziller I.D. Methods of industrial wastewater treatment. M.: Stroyizdat, 1999. 25s.

2. Pecherin A.I., Lozovoi S.P. Natural monuments of the Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, 1980. 141 p.

3. Kobiashvili G.A., Nikiforov-Nikishin D.L., Nikiforov-Nikishin A.L., Borodin A.L. Suppression of regeneration of the epithelial tissue of the caudal fin of the swordsman with an aqueous extract of chaga // Rybnoe khozyaystvo. 2008. No. 1. S. 96.

4. Borodin A.L., Nikishin A.L., Gorbunov A.V., Nikishin D.L. Statistical characteristics of the processes of cell proliferation of the fish lens epithelium. Mitotic activity of the epithelium // Fisheries. 2013. No. 4. S. 48-49.

5. Borodin A.L., Gorbunov A.V., Nikiforov-Nikishin A.L. Changes in the elemental composition of the fish lens under the influence of heavy metals // Rybnoe khozyaystvo. 2007. No. 2. S. 92-93.

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL "SYMBOL OF SCIENCE" №7/2016 ISSN 2410-700X_

6. Gamygin E.A., Bagrov A.M., Borodin A.L., Ridiger A.V. Expansion of the raw material base of feed production for fish // Rybnoe khozyaystvo. 2013. No. 4. S. 87-88.

7. Gorbunov A.V., Gorbunov O.V., Borodin A.L., Ridiger A.V. Characteristic features of freshwater ichthyocenosis of a regulated model reservoir // Rybnoe khozyaystvo. 2013. No. 4. S. 74-77.

8. Simakov Yu.G., Nikiforov-Nikishin A.L., Borodin A.L. Hydrobiont lens: morphology, biochemistry, cytogenetics; Ministry of Education and Science Ros. Federation, Moscow. state University of Technology and Management, Dept. bioecology and ichthyology. Rostov-on-Don, 2005, 160 p.

9. Borodin A.L., Gorbunov A.V., Nikiforov-Nikishin A.L. Changes in the microelement composition of the lens of fish during the development of cataracts // Fishing Issues. 2007. V. 8. No. 1-29. pp. 138-141. Yu.Nikiforov-Nikishin D.L., Nikiforov-Nikishin A.L., Borodin A.L. Efficiency of absorption of biogenic elements by calamus (Acorus Calamus) // Symbol of science. 2016. No. 2-1. pp. 44-46.

11. Nikiforov-Nikishin A.L., Borodin A.L., Nikiforov-Nikishin D.L. Trace element composition of the lens of cyprinids // Symbol of science. 2016. No. 2-1. pp. 39-42.

© Zvyanets A.O., Gorbunov O.V., Konysheva E.N., 2016

UDC: 574.5; 574.24

Kulikova Alena Viktorovna

FGBOU VO MSUTU im. KG. Razumovsky (PKU), Moscow, RF

Email: [email protected] Gorbunov Oleg Vyacheslavovich

FGBOU VO MSUTU im. KG. Razumovsky (PKU), Moscow, RF

Email: [email protected] Konysheva Elena Nikolaevna

FGBOU VO MSUTU im. KG. Razumovsky (PKU), Moscow, RF

Email: [email protected]

ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HYDROCHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE WATER COLLECTION AREAS OF LAKE ONEGA AND RUNOFF MANAGEMENT

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Investigation of pollution of Lake Onega by sources located on the shores of its northwestern bays. The analysis of pollutants discharged with sewage into the surface waters of Lake Onega was carried out. Methods were used to assess the anthropogenic impact factors on Lake Onega. The results of the work were the identification of factors of the negative impact of wastewater (such as the discharge of oil products through the sewage system; effluents from enterprises in the cities of Kondopoga and Petrozavodsk; insufficiently treated sewage) on the hydrosphere of the lake.

Keywords

Hydrosphere, Lake Onega, Wastewater, Anthropogenic factors, Surface water.

The main problem of the ecological characteristics of the quality of the catchment areas of Lake Onega today is the pollution of the lake by sources located on the shores of its northwestern

 

Coordinates: N44 42.222 E37 35.556.

Lake Abrau (sometimes called Lake Abrau-Dyurso after the nearby village of the same name) is the largest freshwater reservoir in the Krasnodar Territory, its area is 0.6 sq. km. km, the length exceeds 3100 meters, and the width (at its widest point) is 630 meters. The depth of the lake in some places is more than 10 meters.

The name of the lake "Abrau" comes from the Abkhaz word "abgarra", which means a failure, as a result of which, according to one version of scientists, it was formed. Another version says that this lake is the remnant of a freshwater sea that once existed. According to the third version, Lake Abrau appeared in the Krasnodar Territory during the Flood. Each theory has its drawbacks, so scientists still do not have a common opinion regarding the question of the origin of the lake.

Local residents also tried to explain the origin of the lake, putting their knowledge and conjectures into the legend about the origin of Lake Abrau. According to this legend, once on the banks of the river of the same name, on the site of the lake there was a rich settlement of the Adyghes. Once the daughter of a local rich man named Abrau fell in love with a shepherd. Naturally, the girl's parents were against an unequal marriage and forbade the lovers to meet. The girl's father repeatedly repeated that it would be better for his aul to fall through the ground than for his beloved daughter to meet the shepherd at least once.

After some time, there was a big holiday in the village, and instead of clay plates, the rich began to throw bread cakes into the waters of the river, which angered God, who sent the whole village underground. The girl and her lover managed to escape the day before. Returning to the village, they found in its place only a huge hole filled with water. The girl began to mourn her parents, she cried long and uncontrollably until a stream formed from her tears. Unable to survive her grief, she wanted to throw herself into the water and drown, but she did not succeed: she walked through the water to the other side, where her beloved shepherd was waiting for her, with whom she was able to forget her grief ... And at the place where she passed the girl can still see a strange shimmering strip, causing bewilderment and controversy among scientists.

Lake Abrau (Krasnodar Territory) holds many mysteries. For example, it is known that the Abrau River flows into the lake, several springs beat at the bottom of it, but there is no runoff near the lake, although the water disappears somewhere!

Another mystery of Lake Abrau is a whitening strip that appears on its surface, it is most clearly visible at night, and in winter it freezes last. This feature of the reservoir is explained in different ways: some believe that the effect of the “strip” occurs as a result of the special action of water and wind, while others believe that the appearance of the “strip” is caused by springs beating at the bottom of the reservoir.

The water in Lake Abrau-Dyurso has a pleasant emerald color, a little muddy, which is explained by the presence of limestone on its bottom. In summer, the water in the reservoir warms up to 28 degrees, so many people like to cool off here on hot days.

Lake Abrau in the Krasnodar Territory is inhabited by crayfish, freshwater crabs, a myriad of freshwater fish, among which you can find golden and silver carp, trout, rudd, golden ophra, carp, grass carp, bream, ram, silver carp and Abrau tyuli.

Since 1979, this reservoir in the Krasnodar Territory has been recognized as a natural monument, so motor boats cannot travel along its waters. You can move around Lake Durso only by oars, and you can only fish with a bait. You can fish here throughout the year, except for the period from March 1 to May 31 - spring spawning.

In the vicinity of Lake Abrau there is a village of the same name, together with another small village of Durso, they form a well-known recreation area called Abrau-Dyurso.

The shore of Lake Abrau in the Krasnodar Territory is equipped with comfortable beaches and several recreation centers. There are several sights on the embankment of the lake, for example, the monument to Utyosov.

Tourists are also attracted by coastal forests, where you can retire and relax from the noise of the city. In the forests you can pick berries and mushrooms.

This area is also known for its vineyards, as well as the famous Abrau-Dyurso winery, located nearby.

Cozyly located among the majestic mountains of the Caucasus, Lake Abrau-Dyurso (Krasnodar Territory) will be able to win the heart of everyone who sees its fabulous, picturesque landscape at least once.

Photo: yarabrau, Vera Tarasova, Tamara Vasilyeva, Vladislav Markov.

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Books

• Informal guide to the Kuban. Between two seas, Korotchenko Oksana, Ganul Elena Alexandrovna. You can’t go to Egypt, you can’t go to Turkey, but you can go to the Krasnodar Territory! A new informal guide for those who are tired of the usual vacation and who are looking for new sensations! Anapa, Gelendzhik, Krasnodar,…

Tourists associate Abrau-Durso in the Krasnodar Territory with the Caucasus Mountains, clean mountain air saturated with the smell of juniper, the beauty of Lake Abrau, Abrau wine cellars and the birthplace of Russian champagne.

The Abrau peninsula has its own characteristics and unique nature. In terms of climatic conditions, this fertile land resembles the French wine-growing zones. Several types of grapes grow in the Abrau-Dyurso region.

Abrau-Durso is the main center of wine tourism in Russia with the purchase and tasting of wine directly at the winery.

History of Abrau-Durso

On November 25, 1870, by order of the Russian Emperor Alexander II, the specific estate of Abrau-Dyurso was laid out for the royal family near the shores of the largest lake in the northwestern Caucasus. Experiments on the cultivation of vines of different varieties began in 1872 under the guidance of the agronomist F. I. Geyduk. The very first grape harvest in Abrau-Dyurso was collected from vineyards in 1877. It became possible to produce vintage table wines. The position of "Chief Winemaker of the Specific Department" in 1891 was taken by Prince Lev Sergeevich Golitsyn, who from 1891 to 1898 was the first in Russia to establish the industrial production of sparkling champagne wines. In 1894, the construction of an underground tunnel-type winery began. From 1890 to 1900, active construction was going on in Abrau-Dyurso: a factory building, 5 cellar tunnels were built and a new highway was laid to Novorossiysk. In 1896, the first experimental batch of champagne called "Abrau-Durso" (13 thousand bottles) was released.

Today, the Abrau-Durso sparkling wine factory is known not only in Russia. The Abrau-Dyurso Champagne House is decorated in a futuristic design: the gray facade at the top is made in the form of champagne bubbles that are illuminated and shimmer at night, and the name of the Abrau-Dyurso plant is lined with champagne bottles. The Winery Museum is located near the plant. The famous sparkling champagne "Abrau-Durso" is the best classic champagne in Russia.

Now travel is in vogue. Tourists come to Abrau-Dyurso on vacation or with an excursion to the Taman wine factory.

The rural district of Abrau-Dyurso is part of the municipality of the city of Novorossiysk (Novorossiysk district) and includes within its borders: the village of Abrau with the state farm-factory "Abrau-Dyurso", the village of Dyurso and Bolshoi Khutor.

From Novorossiysk, the highway will take you along the mountain road first to Abrau and then to Dyurso. Together, the villages form the Abrau-Dyurso resort area, which is framed as a farm, where 3,000 people live permanently. The two villages of Abrau and Durso are separated by seven kilometers. Big Farms are located in the mountains north of Abrau-Dyurso.

Abrau village

The village of Abrau (translated as "Failure") is located in the mountains among the green thickets of juniper. There is no Black Sea in the village of Abrau, but there is a wonderful lake Abrau with fresh water. The beaches on Lake Abrau are decorated very beautifully and beckon vacationers to a cool bliss. Abrau usually takes tourists for a few days to explore the sights of the resort or for a one-day excursion to the Abrau-Dyurso state farm-factory with a tasting of Kuban wines. The road winds along the beautiful Embankment near Lake Abrau with snow-white columns.

Sights of the village of Abrau:

• Park with rose gardens on the Embankment of Lake Abrau;
• Monument to Utyosov;
• The sculpture "The Shepherd from Abrau-Dyurso" is the highlight of the Embankment near the lake;
• Shop "Grot";
• Manor "Round Lake";
• Boutique hotel "Imperial" 4 *.

The Art Objects Park in Abrau-Dyurso is often visited by tourists and locals. A huge wine barrel, a labyrinth of barrels, an arbor of Desires - these are the main artifacts of this "cool" place.

The alley of roses and the alley of vines, planted by the famous guests of Abrau, decorates the walking area near the Abrau-Dyurso champagne factory.

Lake Abrau

Lake Abrau has been recognized as a Nature Reserve of the Krasnodar Territory since 1979.

Lake Abrau is the main attraction of the resort area Abrau-Dyurso (14 km from Novorossiysk). Green trails around Lake Abrau attract a large number of people who want to plunge into picturesque trips to the places of the south-west of the Krasnodar Territory on the Abrau Peninsula for hiking. The water in Lake Abrau has a really deep emerald color and warms up to +28 C in summer.

Lake Abrau is a large freshwater body of water in the Krasnodar Territory, located at an altitude of 83 meters above sea level. The area of ​​the entire water surface of Lake Abrau is 0.6 sq. km, length 3 km, width 630 meters, maximum depth 10 meters. The river of the same name flows into Lake Abrau, at the bottom of Lake Abrau there are several springs, but there is no runoff near Lake Abrau. Scientists are still working on the mystery of the origin of Lake Abrau. A beautiful legend is about the love of a rich girl Abrau from the Adyghe aul and a poor shepherd, who was prevented by the bride's parents. The girl had to run to her lover along the surface of the lake, but she did not drown. The legend of Lake Abrau says that the footprints of the beautiful Abrau turned into a whitening strip visible on the lake, which freezes last even in winter.

Durso village

The main flow of tourists for a beach holiday falls on the village of Durso, which since 1871 has been part of Abrau-Dyurso. The small village of Durso (translated as "Four Springs") is located right by the Black Sea in the valley of the Durso River and is surrounded by mountains. Rest in Durso is quiet, without an active resort area with nightclubs and bars. Rest in Durso is more like a trip to the province or a country walk to the Black Sea. Small hotels and car camping are located near the beach in a gorge between high hills. The beaches in Durso are a small strip of land along the Black Sea, surrounded by rocks on both sides.

The central beach in the resort town of Durso is pebbly, equipped and clean. Water activities are present in the form of Pills, Bananas, trampolines and inflatable slides for children.

The Durso River has a basin area of ​​50 sq. km and a length of 14 km. The Durso River originates in the Kryazh tract, flows west of Lake Abrau and flows into the Black Sea.

The village of Yuzhnaya Ozereevka (20 km from Novorossiysk) welcomes lovers of diving and spearfishing with a dozen recreation centers. South Ozereevka Beach is a two-kilometer pebble coastline that rests on rocks.

Lake "Small Limanchik" is a fresh water reservoir on the Black Sea coast. It is separated from the sea by a stone spit, and vacationers can alternately swim in fresh and salt water, as if in two different lagoons. There used to be a recreation center here. Now "wild" tourists with tent camps are independent regulars of this small lake.