Seydozero routes. Seydozero: the secret of nature or the ancient Hyperboreans? History of Lake Seydozero
It is quite easy for modern travelers to find places for their educational trips or a carefree vacation. If one could for a short time find oneself in the relatively recent 90s, then it would immediately become clear that in those days tourists, even the most active ones, did not have such a colossal choice as they do now. There are more and more inquisitive travelers who have ceased to like traditional types of recreation, primarily associated with beaches or excursions. They are attracted by the varieties of adventure tourism that have become quite popular. Going to little-known or almost unknown lands is a real adventure full of excitement and risk.
Brief information about Seydozero
Seydozero is located in the Murmansk region on the Kola Peninsula in the Lovozero tundra. Height above sea level 189 meters. The lake has a length of about 8 kilometers and a width of 1.5 to 2.5 kilometers. The Elmorajok River flows into the lake and the Seydjavryok River flows out.
Geographical coordinates of the lake: 67°49′10″ s. sh. 34°51′10″ E d.
How to get to Seydozero
The lake can be reached by two routes.
Route 1. Train Route 2. Car
By car you can get on the Murmansk highway M-18 to the village of Revda. From the village of Revda, you need to get to the Karnasutra mine.
History of Lake Seydozero
Seydozero - the name of the lake comes from the Sami word "seid" and means sacred.
The lake has mystical story, rumors are constantly circulating around him that they saw a UFO, Bigfoot and other inexplicable phenomena on it.
Over the past hundred years, several scientific expeditions. The first scientists visited Seydozero in 1887. The next expedition was ordered by Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky in 1922, led by Alexander Barchenko.
Soviet occultist, writer, researcher of telepathy, hypnotist. Conducted research work within the framework of a special special department of the OGPU.
Born in 1881After the October Revolution of 1917, Barchenko was invited to work at the Institute of the Brain and Higher Nervous Activity, whose director was Professor V. M. Bekhterev.
The NKVD became interested in Barchenko's research, after which active work began in a special special department of the OGPU under the leadership of G. I. Bokiy.
In the early 1920s, he led an expedition to the center of the Kola Peninsula, to the area of Lovozero and Seydozero, where he allegedly found man-made monuments. After Barchenko's reporting speech at the Institute of the Brain about his research, he was hired by Glavnauka on October 27, 1923 as a consultant scientist.
In 1923, Barchenko organized the esoteric society "United Labor Brotherhood", which included A. A. Zakharov, the wife of P. D. Uspensky Sofya Grigoryevna, G. I. Bokiy and others.
From the time of his studies at Yuriev University and acquaintance with the works of Saint-Yves D'Alveidre, Barchenko was interested in Shambhala as a kind of center of ancient culture and science that exists in the mountains of Tibet. As part of the special department, he was preparing for an expedition in search of Shambhala in order to master the legacy of the "secret science", but the expedition did not take place. According to one version, instead of Barchenko, G. V. Chicherin supported the Tibetan expedition of the artist Nikolai Roerich, allegedly associated with the OGPU (according to the authors, who were members of the Roerich movement, Roerich was not associated with the OGPU).
Arrested May 21, 1937. April 25, 1938 sentenced by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR to capital punishment on charges of creating a Masonic counter-revolutionary terrorist organization"United Labor Brotherhood" and espionage in favor of England (paragraphs 6, 8 and 11 of Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR). Shot on the same day.
According to Wikipedia
Search for Shambhala by the NKVD of the USSR headed by Barchenko
The aim of the scientists of the young republic was to search for contacts with Shambhala.
Unfortunately, the results of the research were classified by the NKVD and the truth about them has not yet been disclosed.
In 1997, the expeditions "Hyperborea-97" and "Hyperborea-98" headed by Doctor of Philosophical Sciences Valery Demin went to the lake, the purpose of the expedition was to find traces ancient homeland humanity - Hyperborea. The expedition found various artifacts, cave drawings, pyramidal stones and other traces of ancient people.
Demin Valery Nikitich
Russian scientist, writer, biographer. Member of the Writers' Union of Russia.
Head of the amateur search expedition "Hyperborea". Author of more than 100 works of scientific, artistic and fiction content, including 35 books on the general theory of dialectics, philosophical science, methodology of Russian cosmism.
Seydozero on the map of Russia
Tourist map of the Lovozero tundra, including Seydozero
A map of the Lovozero tundra, including Sedozero, a map from the times of the USSR, but most likely nothing has changed much.
Scale 1 cm: 1 km
Mysterious places
There are many daredevils among Russians who choose for their exciting trips places that are not in demand by tourists. Most often, under the influence primarily of television programs, adventurous travelers have a sincere desire to visit one of the unusual places shrouded in secrets and mysteries.
The stories of people who managed to visit these lands are full of descriptions of various inexplicable events that happened either with them or with someone else. Being in these mysterious places, volunteer researchers suddenly feel better, become much more cheerful and cheerful.
Someone even manages to find unusual artifacts, which, in their opinion, testify to the visit of these parts of our planet by representatives of either disappeared peoples or extraterrestrial highly intelligent civilizations.
What is special about Seidozero?
Travelers have heard many stories that excite the imagination about Seydozero, comfortably located on the picturesque Kola Peninsula. This tiny body of water is usually reached on foot along well-trodden paths over several years. More affluent travelers are more comfortable using a helicopter for this purpose. You can start in one of the nearby villages.
This may be Lovozero - a tiny town on the shores of the lake of the same name, as well as located a little closer to Revda. Traveling from the latter is possible only by car to Elmorajok, well known to the locals - covered with tundra thickets mountain pass. And from it - a relatively short walking distance to the desired goal - mysterious lake. Usually, guests of this region receive help from fairly experienced instructors who accompany them to the place.
Seydozero is lucky to be located in a small and quiet valley. This is what saves travelers from the cool winds typical of the tundra. Most often, tourists are located on a not very hospitable rocky beach or near it. This valley, as well as the surrounding area, was once chosen by representatives of the Sami people, who still live in some parts of the peninsula. Travelers who spend some time here do improve quite quickly.
According to some of them, in the evenings someone even suffers from hallucinations. Most often, all these phenomena are explained by various anomalies associated with the magnetic and seismic features of this area. Most of the travelers who have been here fell in love with these places, first of all, for the unique views, wonderful landscapes and for the opportunity to come into contact with mysterious finds, the meaning of which everyone is free to explain in their own way.
Mysterious finds
The Saami who once lived here attributed a special sacred meaning to Seydozero, which is reflected in its name. Not all travelers arriving in these parts know that the numerous stones scattered both around the lake and in it were considered sacred by the locals, that is, in their language - "seid". With the help of the finds of several authoritative scientific expeditions that visited these places in different historical epochs, it has not yet been possible to prove the existence of the mysteriously disappeared Hyperborea here.
Representatives of this mythical civilization described in various works were able to build geometrically flawless structures in the form of fortresses, majestic pyramids and roads laid out of stone slabs. So far, experts have found the remains of an impressive fortress wall, several rectangular slabs and a well-like structure.
Several attempts have also been made to find the mysterious city of shamans, known mainly from myths, which, as follows from the texts, is located somewhere in the depths of the lake. However, dense layers of silt and sand did not allow the complex work to be carried out effectively, therefore, so far only the possible existence of some large holes under the deep-water valley is known.
The explanation of the origin of the unusual 75-meter figure of the legendary Kuyva also remains controversial. Most experts support the hypothesis not of a mythical giant burned by lightning on a rock, but of small plants that naturally formed a human-like silhouette.
Despite scientifically based explanations, backed up by serious research, travelers arriving in these parts for the most part continue to believe in legends and tales. If Seydozero were in Britain, then it would have the fate of the famous Loch Ness.
It is possible that in the distant future the local authorities will organize a thriving business, using the faith of traveling tourists in the secrets of the Sami, the disappeared high-tech Hyperborea and deep ancient city. In the meantime, it remains for brave lovers of distant wanderings, overcoming impassability and long distances, to get to this amazing region, relying only on their physical capabilities.
Planet channel film about Seydozero
The natural landscapes of Russia are diverse. Among them are picturesque seascapes, endless steppe expanses, mountain ranges striving upwards, impenetrable forests winding through them, ornate ribbons of wide and mighty rivers. There are different places, ordinary, to the ordinary, mysterious to the point of trembling in the fingers, and there are completely anomalous and mystical.
One of those really anomalous places on the map of Russia is . It is he who is the cradle of Hyperborea, a half-mythical, long-vanished civilization that annually attracts crowds, both lovers of everything mysterious and incomprehensible, and ordinary tourists.
Many objects are worthy of attention, many mysterious and incomprehensible things can be seen on the territory of the Kola Peninsula. These are mysterious labyrinths, laid out by someone's skillful hands, and Seids - massive stones, it is not clear how, raised and set on supports made of smaller stones. But the most picturesque and most mystical of the places on the Kola Peninsula is Lake Seydozero. It is located in the Lovozero tundra not far from settlements Lovozero and Revda. Most travelers who want to see the beauty with their own eyes amazing place, prefer to get on foot from the nearest settlements. You can lay the route yourself or use the services of numerous guides.
Seydozero of legend
First of all, translated from the language of the Sami - the indigenous people of the Kola Peninsula, the name of the lake means "sacred", which in itself cannot but arouse curiosity in a person who is interested. In addition, most researchers of everything paranormal consider Lake Seydozero to be the heart of Hyperborea, which has disappeared in the abyss of time. Expeditions were repeatedly sent to the lake, which recorded all kinds of psychological phenomena, oddities that happened to people who fell, and especially those who fell for the first time, under the unnatural charm of a natural lake.
There is a hypothesis that Hyperborea did not disappear anywhere, that it exists, exists. As if on the shores of the lake (and some believe that directly under the thickness of its waters) there is a whole underground city founded by Hyperborean priests. Who knows, maybe to this day priests walk in its underground corridors, secret ceremonies are held?!
Expeditions arriving at the lake often find all sorts of artifacts, either indirectly confirming the hypothesis of the existence of a Hyperborean civilization on the shores of the lake, or indirectly refuting it. Disputes do not subside, passions boil, which means that Hyperborea is alive, and with it the lake, named sacred by the Sami, is alive.
Seidozero (Sami. Seidyavvr) is a lake in the Lovozero tundra on the Kola Peninsula. The lake is located at an altitude of 189 m above sea level, its length is 8 km, its width is from 1.5 to 2.5 km.
Seid in Sami means "sacred". The mountain river Elmorajok flows into the lake, and the river Seydjavryok flows out.
On the shore of the lake there is a rock with the famous image of Kuyva.
Seydozero is surrounded by mountains on three sides. They protect him from the cruel northern winds, creating a secluded corner hidden from the outside world. Some plants are found only here. On the shores of the lake, the vegetation is richer and more lush than in the neighboring tundra - instead of birch crooked forests, pointed centuries-old spruces grow, there are thickets of blueberries and cloudberries.
Many legends are connected with Seydozero. For example, about the villain Kuivu, whose image can be seen on the Kuyvchorr rock near Seydozero. The image is gigantic - about 70 meters high and 30 wide. Legend has it that the sorcerer Kuyva, walled up in a mountain above the lake, does not like to be disturbed. Punishment awaits those who disturb his peace. By this, local residents explain the cases of strange deaths of people who tried to conquer the mountain on which the image is located.
The Saami are afraid of this place and worship it. A hundred years ago, mountains of deer antlers lay around the lake, and it was allowed to fish in it only one day a year. Shamans came here to die. On the banks of the Seydozero, the Sami placed sacrificial stones and houris (stone pyramids that served as pointers and amulets). At almost every step there are seids - prehistoric stone structures.
According to a number of science fiction writers and ufologists, one of the alleged places of existence of the Hyperborean civilization. Seekers of the unknown have been exploring these places since 1922. It was then that the expedition of Alexander Barchenko, a doctor, an occultist, and, according to a number of testimonies, an employee of the OGPU, went here, who was seriously interested in various mental phenomena, in particular, dizziness or Arctic psychosis, cases of which were also noted on the Kola Peninsula. The expedition discovered a number of artifacts on the basis of which Barchenko made a statement about the discovery of Hyperborea. The put forward hypothesis found many opponents, among them was academician Alexander Fersman, who was engaged in the study and exploration of this region.
In 1938, Barchenko was shot as an enemy of the people and the search for Hyperborea was temporarily stopped. They were resumed in 1997 through the efforts of Valery Demin, Doctor of Philosophy, who organized a new expedition to Seydozero "in the footsteps" of Barchenko. Some finds of the Barchenko expedition were never discovered, but new discoveries appeared. To study them in more detail and search for new artifacts, Demin organized new expeditions in 1998 and 2001, involving a large number of specialized equipment and various experts: from geophysicists and experienced divers to study the bottom of the lake to psychics.
New searches ceased after the death of Demin, without leaving behind any significant scientific evidence of the existence of Hyperborea. But Seydozero gained all-Russian and even world fame. Every year, thousands of tourists come here to look at the artifacts. In particular, on the famous image of Kuyva, the rock with which is located on the shore of the lake. Until now, disputes have not subsided - are the objects found by expeditions really the remains of some ancient civilization, or were they created by nature itself?
In the Murmansk region there are at least 3 more lakes called Seydozero or Seidyavr. 
KUDUN KUYVA - OWNER OF SEYDOZER
Kuyva is a character in the Saami mythology, legendary giant, who lives in the Lovozero tundra (in other locations this character is unknown, legends about him are also popular in this area). Kuiva is also a seid, a rock sacred to the local Sami, reminiscent of the giant's "resting place".
By the way, Kuyva from the Sami is an old man, which is similar to the Mari: kuva is an old woman.
Legends about Kuiva
In ancient times, the ancestors of the Sami came to the valley of the Lovozero tundra and met the evil giant Kuiva, who attacked them. There was a big (by the standards of the Sami - it could be several dozen people or even one dozen) battle, Kuiva took over, killing people and doing various abominations. Then the Sami called on their gods, they saw the consequences of the pogrom perpetrated by Kuyva, got angry and struck him with lightning. The giant turned into a rock, became a seid, retaining its gigantic dimensions.
In one of the legends, Kuyva appears in the form of a "shvet" - a troll or giant, who, together with accomplices, attacked the Sami, imposed tribute on them, but then was driven into a trap as a result of an uprising of the "old men" (in Sami folklore it is not customary to talk about a bear, as well as about the shaman).
There is another legend where Kuiva is no longer a troll, but the leader of the Chudins, the enemies of the Sami, who came from the south and robbed the Lapps. In this legend, Kuyva kills several people with one blow. Perhaps, somewhere in the region of the Kuyva rock, a successful historical battle for the Sami took place with some enemies.
The motif of “Saama (Lapp) blood”, “the blood of our old people” is also associated with Kuiva, which allegedly dyed some revered stones in the Lovozero tundra red.
LEGEND ABOUT KUIVA
Kuyvo is the most famous attraction of Lake Seydozero. Kuivo means "old man" in Sami. According to legend, Kuyvo is the figure of a Chud commander frozen in stone. The Sami have never seen the patron of these places in a humanoid outline on the rock, but they tried not to shout near him and not to think badly of him. The veneration of Kuivo as a deity arose relatively recently thanks to remake legends.
mysterious Kuyva - image on the rock Lake Seydozero
The figure has the shape of a man and is 74 meters high. Its bas-relief protrudes from the wall by 3-4 meters in some places and it is very clearly visible, especially in winter. The slope of the wall is uneven. Weathering processes gradually destroy it, splitting it into pieces. At the foot of the cliff there is a huge scree of destruction products.
The fact that Kuivo has a natural origin has long been known. In 1923 Academician A.E. Fersman examined the image of Kuivo, and in his book "Remembrance of the Stone" he wrote about it: "As we saw during our expedition, the dark figure is formed by a combination of lichens, mosses and wet streaks on the rocks." Moisture on sheer cliffs, most likely, is taken from snowfields melting from above, seeping through crevices.
From Fersman's book "Memories of the Stone"
(Saami Annushka Kobeleva says):
“It was a long time ago, when I was not there yet, Vasily Vasilyevich was not there, who grazes deer on the Small Lake, there was no old Arkhipov on Mopchegub, it was a very long time ago. Strangers found our land, they said - shvets, and we were like a lop - naked, without weapons, even without shotguns, and not everyone had knives. And we didn’t want to fight. But the Swedes began to select bulls and women, took our fish places, built pens and lemme - there was nowhere to go. And so the old people gathered and began to think about how to expel the shvet, and he was so strong - big, with firearms. They consulted, argued and decided to go all together against him, take away our deer and again sit on Seiyavr and Umbozero.
And they started a real war - some with a shotgun, some just with a knife, everyone went to the seams, and the seam was strong and was not afraid of the lopi. First, he lured our lop to Seiyavr by cunning and began to crumble it there.
If it strikes to the right, there were no ten of ours, and all the mountains, tundras and khibiny were splashed with drops of blood;
You know, you yourself showed me, such a red stone in the mountains - this is the same blood of the Lop, the blood of the old Sami.
But our old people got angry, when they saw that the seam began to crumble them, they hid in the willow tree, gathered their strength and immediately overlaid everything on all sides of the seam, it is there, here - there is no passage for it anywhere: neither to go down to Seyyavr, nor to get out on the tundra, so he froze on a rock that hangs over the lake. You, when you are on Seiyavr, you will see the giant Kuyva yourself - this is the seam that our Sami spread on the stone, our old people, when they went to war against him.
So he stayed there, damned Kuyva, and our old men again took possession of the bulls and the important ones, again sat down in the fish places and began to hunt ...
Only red drops of Sami blood remained on the tundra, you can’t collect all of them, our old people shed a lot of them, while they mastered Kuyva ... " Lake Seydozero 
a legend recorded by the Russian scientist V. Yu. Vize from the words of Kuzma Danilov, Semyon Galkin and Philip Sorvanov (presumably residents of the Lovozero churchyard):
“The Chud chief Chude-Chueriv came to Lovozero with his retinue, they were all unbaptized, and began to rob the Lapps. The Lapps fled from them to one island on Lovozero, where the “Old Woman” stands, which they bring gifts when they go hunting. Chud noticed where the Lapps fled, mounted a karbasa and set off in pursuit of them. Then one Lapp began to beat the "korvi-kart" (tambourine, - ed.) and asked the "Old Woman" to make the weather. The "Old Woman" heard him and made great weather, so that all the Chud, chasing the Lapps on karbas, drowned in the lake.
Only Chude-Chueriv and his cook remained alive. They managed to get to Motka-lip, where the cook began to cook dinner. And the cook was a wizard. He cooks, stirs with a spoon in the cauldron and says: "I wish I could wag the Lop heads like that." At this time, the Lapps approached and, seeing the Chud chief, wounded him in the leg with a crossbow. He was wounded in the leg in order to take him alive. The cook, when he saw this, took the treasury and, so that the Lapps would not get it, threw it into the water, then he himself rushed into the lake and, like a pike, swam along Seidyavryok to Seydozero. Where Chivruay ("chivr" - crushed stone, "wai" - stream) flows into Seydozero, he climbed ashore, but here he turned to stone. That is why the mountain that stands in that place is called Pavratchorr. Chude-chueriv was forced to surrender. He accepted the baptized faith and, as a sign of this, put on the kangu (Lappish shoes) on his left leg, which is visible on him even now. For some time he lived among the Lapps, and when he grew old, he went to the tundra, and there he remained a stone. It still stands in the same place, which is why the tundra is called Kuyvchorr.
"Kuyva on Seydozero enjoys special honor from the Seydozero Lapps (in winter they live in the Lovozero churchyard). Driving past Kuyvchorr on karbas, the Lapps are afraid to shout loudly and swear because of the fear that the "Old Man" will be angry. They turned to us with a request, so that we would observe possible silence near Kuyva.Lopars avoid polluting the water in Seydozero, since the "Old Man" does not like this, and otherwise he will not give fish.When it is necessary to draw a cauldron of water, the lopar will never scoop up water with a smoky cauldron directly from lakes, as is customary, but he scoops up with a clean ladle and then pours water into the boiler.If the weather is bad for a long time, the Lapps say: "The old man is not angry."
Coordinates: 67°49"52"N 34°45"55"E Lake Seydozero 
ARTICLE ABOUT THE MYSTERIES OF SEYDOZER, WHERE IT IS, HOW TO GET TO
The legendary Seydozero (Seydyavr) is a place in the Lovozero tundra that is unique in its beauty and the number of either artifacts or simply natural remains. Seydozero ( Murmansk region) is located in the vicinity of the village. Revda and pos. Lovozero.
The Sami name of this region is Luyavrchorr, which means mountains near the lake of power. This is a place popular with tourists, which is almost as high as the neighboring Khibiny mountains and surpasses them in the depth of crevices and gorges.
Lake Seydozero has been studied since the 1920s. It was then that the first research expedition set off here. Since then, disputes between scientists about the origin of the objects located here have not ceased. Esotericists consider them the remains ancient civilization- Hyperborea, champions of materialistic science - the creations of nature.
There is another version that I adhere to, having visited Seydozero 4 times. Its name comes from the word "seid" - a sacred stone, in which, according to Sami (Lapp) beliefs, the soul of the deceased Noida shaman found shelter. Since ancient times, such secluded reservoirs have played a special role in their lives, performed a sacred function, were a kind of temple.
I know 4 lakes, marked on the map as Seydozero, the Kola Peninsula is the center of the Lappish culture, so the abundance of such sanctuaries here is not surprising. And it is not at all necessary to associate sacred structures with disappeared mythical civilizations, forgetting about the original people who have inhabited this territory since ancient times.
For almost 100 years, several large expeditions were organized in these parts, the purpose of which was to confirm or refute the existence of the ancient Hyperborean civilization here, in addition, the area was actively studied by single enthusiasts.
In addition to esoteric campaigns, the region was actively explored by geologists, its minerals were mastered: ores containing uranium, rare earth metals. And today the road to Lake Seydozero lies through the Karnasurta mine, which is working again. Many exalted "Hyperboreans" very often mistake geological cores (strobes) and abandoned and blown up adits where uranium ore was mined for traces of other civilizations and ancient artifacts. Lake Seydozero 
How did the study of these places begin, why did they begin to look for the mythical Hyperborea here?
Seydozero: expeditions, their findings and hypotheses
Expedition Barchenko 1922
The first to pay attention to these regions was Alexander Barchenko - a doctor, an adept in occult knowledge, a science fiction writer. A very multifaceted personality, obsessed with the ideas of the secret tradition of Dyunkhor, ancient pra-civilization, various, as they would say now, extrasensory phenomena, such as telepathy, etc. Barchenko collaborated with the OGPU - he helped select employees endowed with superpowers in the cryptographic (encryption) department, headed by Gleb Bokiy. He actively recruited new followers of his ideas, including among the top leadership of the young Soviet state, gave lectures and even created a special circle, for which he was shot in 1938 along with Bokiy and his other associates.
One of the directions of his work was the study of dithering or arctic psychosis - a state when a person or a group of people fell into prostration, became obedient to someone else's will, and sometimes began to prophesy or speak in incomprehensible languages. Cases of such a disease were recorded beyond the Arctic Circle, incl. and in Russian Lapland.
Northern Lights at Seydozero 
In order to understand this phenomenon, an expedition was organized to Seydozero, the Kola Peninsula. According to some sources, academician Bekhterev was among the initiators of this campaign, according to others, the OGPU was also interested in it, according to others, they were still looking for minerals, and the study of everything else was a side affair.
One way or another, the group of Alexander Barchenko, whose route and finds were described in detail in the diary of his associate, astronomer Alexander Kondiain, went to the Kola Peninsula. In August 1922, she ended up at Seydozero, in the Lavozersky tundra.
Then the remains were discovered, the nature of which is still hotly debated: the Kuyva rock, an ancient paved road, pyramids, and also a hole in an underground cave.
These finds, together with the ethnographic material collected by the expedition members - legends and traditions of the Saami, allowed Barchenko to declare that his trip to Seydozero made it possible to do an unprecedented world discovery- the ancient pracivilization of Hyperborea.
Opponents he found almost instantly. Among them are the well-known geologist Academician Fersman, as well as Arnold Kolbanovsky, who organized a new trip to Seydozero in 1923, who claimed that all objects around the lake are of natural origin, there is no mysticism in them.
However, Barchenko's discoveries were met with great enthusiasm not only in Russia. So, in 1955, geologists accidentally stumbled near Seydozero on a bookmark of things and tools with stamps indicating their Germanic origin. This allowed us to talk about the Fuhrer expedition, abandoned here either before the war, or during it. As you know, the Nazis were also very interested in ancient artifacts and occult theories.
Expeditions of Valery Demin 1997, 1998, 2001
The Hyperborean theme revived again 75 years later, when Doctor of Philosophy Valery Demin visited Seydozero, the report on his journey literally blew up the information space.
Members of the Hyperborea 97 expedition examined and photographed the objects found by Barchenko, and also found new ones: the remains of structures on the top of Mount Ninchurt, which they identified as the ruins of ancient defensive structures and an observatory.
The following year, V. Demin assembled the Hyperborea 98 expedition, which included "specialists in anomalous phenomena" - witches, ufologists, psychics, etc. Their task was to penetrate the unsolved secrets of Seydozero - to discover a mysterious hole in the underground city, which was photographed in 1921 by Barchenko and his comrades.
Unfortunately, they did not find anything new. But the folklore about the place “Russia, the Murmansk region, Lake Seydozero” was replenished with tales about the invisible Bigfoot, UFO landing sites and other sensations and assumptions of the expedition members.
Islet on SeydozeroThe next forced march of Demintsev took place in 2001. We managed to prepare thoroughly. This time, among the participants, whose number exceeded 20 people, there were divers with equipment for photography and video shooting underwater. The group was equipped with equipment: georadar-sonar, echo sounder, etc. Among the equipment was a motor boat with gasoline. Several tons of equipment were thrown onto Lake Seydozero by helicopter.
The purpose of the expedition was to test the hypothesis that a large number of ancient monuments are hidden at the bottom of Seydozero. Unfortunately, due to the large deposits of silt, underwater photography was not possible. The only thing that was found at the bottom was some “wells” overgrown with silt with a diameter of about 70 cm at a depth of 16 m and ring-shaped “caverns”.
Geophysical instruments discovered voids-caves under the relic glade and tunnels leading from them down Mount Ninchurt. According to Demin, this was the mysterious dungeon mentioned in the Lapp legends.
Demin spoke about all the secrets that Seydozero (Murmansk region) keeps, his hypotheses, the course of expeditions in more than 20 books.
The described artifacts - a relic glade, a pyramid, and, finally, Kuyva (Seidozero has been associated with them for several decades), gave rise to a whole wave of research. Lovers of the unknown, and simply tourists and travelers, rushed to Lake Seidozero.
What do researchers study and tourists strive to see on the banks of Seydozero? We systematized information about the objects that Seydozero is famous for, a report on them was published by the expeditions mentioned above.
stone seids 
Seydozero: artifacts and their secrets
Some "Hyperboreans" discovered a road of flat slabs that connects Lovozero and a relic meadow near Seydozero. Personally, I did not see her on any of my visits, the first of which was in 1989.
At the entrance to the clearing (east side) - lies stone plate 3 * 3 m. Demin's expedition members consider a clearing - a platform the size of a truck body, where there is no vegetation, a tunnel in the rocky soil, covered with loose rock.
According to them, a ground-penetrating radar survey of the road paving showed that it was masonry, which goes underground by 1.5 m at a right angle. Several hypotheses have been put forward: either this is some kind of wall, perhaps a defensive fortification sunk into the ground, or a 1.5-meter ditch filled to the bottom with boulders.
The length of the road is 1.5 km, it leads to the image of Kuyva.
Kuiva - rock carving of a man and a deer
The height of the image, resembling a man spreading his arms crosswise, is about 50 m. It was applied to one of the rocks. In the upper left corner, a deer is much clearer than Kuyva. For some reason, researchers mention him little.
According to the Lappish legend, Kuyva (Black Man) is the leader of the Swedish detachment that robbed local residents. The detachment was defeated by the Sami, and his boss was forever imprinted on the rock.
The image of Kuyva was found by Barchenko in 1921. It can be seen from the paved road (which, as it were, draws a straight line between it and the sacred Horn Island located on the neighboring Lovozero). Unfortunately, as I wrote above, I did not see the road, perhaps the imagination of the seekers gave it away as an ordinary moraine.
I also climbed the rock itself, approached the image closely. It seems to me that nature itself applied it with the help of water leaks, moss and cracks.
In August 2013, a student expedition of St. Petersburg State University worked on Seidozero. The samples of rocks collected by its participants from the dark fragments of the image of Kuyva were subjected to mycological analysis, which showed that their coloration is the “work” of a colony of fungi and unicellular algae. The pattern was also helped by the relief of the rock, which contributed to the spread of these microorganisms in such a bizarre art form.
Underground hole (lost)
Was in the immediate vicinity of the relic glade or even on it itself. There is an archival photo of the expedition members against its background. Barchenko and his comrades did not have the courage to go down underground through this manhole. Condiaine's diary noted the feeling of fear and anxiety they felt around him. According to Demin, it was buried on the initiative of the NKVD back in the 20-30s, because. near Seydozero there were developments of uranium ores, which were carried out by the forces of the prisoners of the Revdinsky camps. True, Demin mentions that the camp was located on the other side of the Seydozero lake at the entrance to the Chivruai gorge, and VOKhRa was located on a relic glade.
I did not see any traces of the camp at Chivruai.
Pyramid on Seydozero
Hills in the area of Seydozero and Lovozero, similar to pyramids and, according to Barchenko, faceted man-made. Used by the Sami as a temple.
Barchenko was found, but the Kolbanovsky expedition organized a year later called them stone swellings on the top of the mountain.
Pyramidal seid
Seid in the form of a stone stele, about 3 m high. There are several similar seids in the gorges around Seydozero, they say that they stood near the lake itself, but were dismantled in the 20s during the fight against obscurantism.
Ruins on Mount Ninchurt
Mount Ninchurt (Women's Breasts) - on its top, Demin's first expedition discovered ruins consisting of huge hewn slabs. The participants were especially struck by their correct form.
In addition to the plates, the research expedition also discovered a well, steps, and the remains of a structure that Demin identified as an observatory - with a trough 15 meters long, looking into the sky. These secrets of Seydozero remained until the end and were not disclosed - Valery Demin, who was searching for Hyperborea, died in 2006.
All these objects can be seen today with your own eyes and assess their origin, in addition to enjoy the amazing beauty of these places, their pristine nature.
Seydozero: how to get there, where it is located
There are two options for picking up: by train and by car.
By train, you need to get to the Olenegorsk station, by the time the train arrives at the station, a bus is coming to the village. Revda. There are also many taxi drivers waiting here offering to take you to Revda.
If you go by bus to Revda, then you will have to look for a dosska there or walk 1.5 hours on foot (about 7 km). Therefore, a taxi is a more convenient option, since it takes you directly to the place (to the mine), and the payment per passenger is not much different from the price of a bus ticket.
Seydozero, how to get there by car. First, go along the Murmansk highway M-18 to the roundabout to Olenegorsk, then turn right onto Lovozero and Revda. Then 70 km along the Lovozero road to the turnoff to Revda. Pass the old Revda, then through the village itself and get to the Karnasurta mine.
There is a car park at the entrance to the mine where you can leave your car. Security at the entrance sometimes offers their services to "look behind the car" for a small fee, but this option is not at all mandatory.
Route along the Lovozero tundra
Traditionally, tourists begin their trip with a visit to Seydozero. The shortest way to it is through the Elmorajok pass.
It is necessary to go through the territory of the mine (where they are now allowed) through and straight, cross the narrow-gauge railway and go up the well-filled path to the pass along the Ilmayok stream. The pass itself is not pronounced, it is a large plateau between two flat peaks, underfoot there are chipped stones of different sizes.
The descent to Seydozero is steeper than the ascent. The steep section ends at a relic glade. From here begins the Elmorajok stream, which flows into the lake and the path leading through the forest to Seydozero. The approximate distance to this place from the mine is about 12 km.
Go along it to the shore - Kuyva appears on the rock on the left, Seidozero is under his patronage. If you look back, you can see a small mountain shaped like a stepped pyramid.
From the shores of the lake there are many beautiful gorges, through any of them you can go to the mountains.
For example, along the river and the Chinglusuai gorge, you can climb highest point Lovozero tundra - Mount Angvundaschorr 1120 m. And along the river and the gorge Uelkuai or Chivruai go to Mount Mannepakh, on top of which there is a beautiful lake.
Seydozero itself is surrounded by forest, walking through which you can accidentally come across stone buildings, obviously made by human hands. They are overgrown with moss and shrubs, so they are not immediately noticeable. You can also go to the outer side of the mountains and visit mountain lakes: Circus, Mountain, Sengisyavr, Rayyavr, Svetloe, surrounded by "circuses" with sheer walls up to 300 meters.
On the northern side of the lake there are two more gorges leading to the Kuyvchorr and Kuamdespakhk mountains, along the tops of which there is a geological road to the mine. On it, by the way, you can leave the mountains.
You can also get out in the village. Lovozero along the path that goes around the mountains along the shore of Lake Lovozero (Luvyavr).
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SOURCE OF MATERIAL AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
http://wikimapia.org/1860711/ru/Skala-Kuivo
http://www.lovozero.ru/
Mysteries of the Kola Peninsula
http://www.mrevda.ru/
http://seidman.ru/sejd-ozero-legenda-o-kujve
http://www.russiadiscovery.ru/
http://zabroska.su/
Wikipedia site
http://100chudes.rf/
http://www.photosight.ru/
photo by A. Matveev, A. Nasyrov, M. Boyarsky
http://www.fili-davydkovo.info/
Seydozero (Murmansk region, Russia) - detailed description, location, reviews, photos and videos.
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The Seidozero Lake of the Lovozero Tundra has been haunting the minds of scientists trying to unravel the mystery of its origin for many years. According to the generally accepted version, it was formed in the crater of an underground volcano several millennia ago, when mammoths lived on the territory of the Kola Peninsula, whose remains are periodically found in the vicinity. However, the latest findings of specialists refute the hypothesis of the volcanic origin of the water body: it was experimentally established that the lakes covering the bottom stone formations created artificially. Inside them there are voids that go to a depth of more than 30 m. Upon further study, a whole network was discovered underground tunnels, connecting Seydozero with caves in the nearby mountains. Who and for what purpose built these tunnels is still a mystery.
Some experts believe that the mythical Hyperborea was located on the territory of the Kola Peninsula, and they attribute the creation of artificial voids to its inhabitants. In their judgments, they rely on the evidence of ancient Greek travelers and modern finds, confirming the version that the area was inhabited by representatives of some highly developed civilization long before the appearance of the Saami and Lapps.
What to watch
The shortest and most convenient way to Seydozero lies through the Elmorajok pass - a vast plateau located between two flat peaks. To get to it, you need to cross the Karnasurta mine and climb the path to the Ilmayok stream. Although the descent is harder than the ascent, the efforts pay off handsomely: the path leads straight to the relic meadow - small playground, devoid of vegetation, with masonry going into the ground at a right angle.
Some scholars believe that this 3x3 m slab is a fragment of an ancient fortress wall absorbed by the ground; others are sure that it is a section of the moat covered with stones.
Approximately 12 km from the mine, the trail breaks off, and as if out of nowhere, a lake appears. To his left, on the rock, the outlines of a giant male figure - Kuiva are guessed. According to Lapp beliefs, the 50 m high image was left by the leader of the Swedish detachments, defeated by local tribes. In the upper left corner of the rock, you can see another figure - a deer. According to local residents, it appeared later. Many believe that in this way the spirit that lives in the sacred lake reminded of its existence. There is another, scientific version of the origin of rock art: the results of the analysis of stones suggest that the figures are a by-product of the vital activity of fungi and unicellular algae.
Gorges with seids diverge from the shores of the lake in different directions - huge triangular boulders resting on several smaller stones.
The Saami believe that they are inhabited by the souls of the dead, guarding the peninsula. If for some reason the souls leave the seid, it "dies", and people lose the intercession of their ancestors.
It is worth noting that tourists are interested not so much in the gorges as in the mountains surrounding them, which keep many secrets.
For example, the ruins of an ancient complex with an observatory were discovered on the town of Ninchurt: a 15 m long trough designed to accommodate a telescope can be seen with the naked eye from a distance of several kilometers. Laboratory analysis of the stone blocks used in the construction of the complex more than 10 thousand years ago showed that they are of artificial origin, which indirectly confirms the theory that there was a highly developed civilization on the peninsula long before the emergence of the Saami and Lapp settlements.
Practical Information
You can get to the lake by train or car.
Train: travel from Murmansk to the station "Olenegorsk" with a subsequent transfer to the bus to the village of Revda. The bus stop is located 7 km from the mine, you will have to walk to it or look for a ride. From the station to the mine you can take a taxi, the fare is the same as the cost of a bus ticket.
Car: you need to drive along the Murmansk highway M-18 to the roundabout to Olenegorsk and turn right - after 70 km you will see the village of Revda.
Far, far to the north, among the cold tundra of the Kola Peninsula, where the sun does not set below the horizon in summer, and hides behind rocky slopes for weeks in winter, there is an ancient mountain range with beautiful unusual name— Lovozero tundra. This is a wild and harsh land, shrouded in mysterious myths and legends. From above, the Lovozero tundra looks like a big horseshoe. Someone sees in this form a resemblance to the female womb (apparently, the same perverts who see it in). Others declare intertwining energy flows and some special energy. Still others tell something enthusiastically about the connection with the cosmos. Fourth - about ancient civilizations. Fifth - about the disappearing tourists ... You can list all these fantasies for quite a long time. There is only one fact among them - in the center of the Lovozero tundra there is Lake Seydozero, which the Sami considered sacred. Why - we will go to find out today.
Morning view from my room window. Behind the blue ripples of Lovozero are the sheer walls of the Lovozero tundra. On the left is Mount Ninchurt, on the right is Mount Kuamdespahk. Between them there is a wide gorge, at the bottom of which the rapid river Seidyavryok rustles, connecting Seidozero with Lovozero.
We start the engine on the boat and hit the road. Crossing Lovozero. The weather is gorgeous.
Winters in Lovozero are relatively warm (affecting the proximity of the Gulf Stream), but snowy. At the same time, snow in the mountains can be found even in August. Usually it disappears only with the arrival of autumn rains, although in other summers it remains until the next winter.
Motka Bay. From here, an old road two kilometers long leads to Seydozero. Seydjavryok is not navigable, so we go ashore.
The area around Seydozero has been declared a nature reserve. Despite the fact that the “lake” in Sami is “yavvr”, and therefore Seydozero in the canonical Sami version should be called “Seydyavvr”, nature reserve for some reason it is called "Seydyavvr".
The Sami have several lakes with this name, but this is the most famous.
The names of almost all natural objects in Lovozero originate from the Sami language. A significant part of them was eventually replaced by Russified versions (for example, the same lakes Lovozero and Seydozero). The reason for this was purely pragmatic - adapted names were more convenient to use in everyday life. But to the hard-to-reach mountain peaks Nobody cared about the Lovozero tundra, so most of them have retained their original Sami names to this day.
By the way, the Lovozero tundras themselves are called Luyavvr-urrt in Sami (“Luyavvr” is the Sami name of Lake Lovozero, “urrt” is “rocky mountain”). In general, if we talk about the Sami language, then it is very rich in various terms related to landscape descriptions. For example, only for various water bodies - rivers, streams, lakes and swamps - the Sami have more than 60 different concepts.
Half an hour of leisurely walk, and we go to the shore of Seydozero. Its length is 8 kilometers, width is from 1.5 to 2.5. Height above sea level - 189 meters.
Thanks to the mountains that cover the lake basin from all sides from the harsh northern winds, a special microclimate has formed on the shores of the lake. The local nature is largely different from the usual polar one: not only is a whole scattering of endemic flora collected here, but also the trees reach a height of 20 meters unimaginable for this latitude.
Also, Seidozero is characterized by some incredible indicator of fish productivity by local standards - the total weight gain of fish obtained during one season is on average about 10 times higher than in other lakes of the Kola Peninsula.
Some science fiction writers are sure that Seydozero is the center of an ancient mythological civilization - Hyperborea. Seekers of high-profile sensations have been visiting these places since 1922, and constantly make various incredible discoveries.
Reality, of course, is much harsher and more prosaic - even at the dawn of Soviet Union it turned out that the Lovozero tundra is the world's largest source of various rare earth elements, in particular, loparite. For this reason, even in the pre-war years, the entire area was thoroughly studied by geologists. All of them can only laugh sympathetically at these "scientific discoveries".
Rangers Cordon. The inspectors of the reserve live here.
When we were just going on this trip, my colleague brought me to test a new smartphone from Caterpillar - Cat B15Q. At that time, official sales had not yet started, and the only source of information about the new product was a number of rather insipid announcements common on the Internet. At the very beginning, I even doubted that this smartphone actually existed at all.
The smartphone is positioned by the manufacturer as heavy-duty and waterproof - just right for real boys: harsh excavators and brave travelers. I didn’t have time to unpack it in advance, so I went to explore the shores of Seydozero with such a cheerful yellow box.
Surprisingly, I liked the smartphone from the first minutes. It is quite heavy, but it is a pleasant heaviness. It is pleasant to hold it in your hands: a high-quality rubberized body, perfect fit of parts - everything gives out a well-tailored product. Considering today's price and quality trends for most gadgets, this product is a pleasant exception.
Of the unexpected features - two full-sized SIM cards. It is very convenient for trips abroad - in order to be in touch, you can use your native Russian SIM card, and for cheap local calls and the Internet - some local one. The standard size of a SIM card is also more of a plus than a minus: unlike the newfangled micro- and nano-sims, it can be found in any forgotten by the gods and operators mobile communications place.
Another pleasant surprise is the battery life. Despite the fact that the smartphone was constantly trying to find a network, and I was constantly trying to check mail on it and take another photo of the picturesque landscapes of Lovozero, it never ran out of battery in five days of periodic active use.
Early reviews of the Cat B15Q said it would be a great fit for hobbyists. extreme sports and representatives of male professions, as well as those who work in difficult weather conditions- geologists, oilmen, sailors. I don’t belong to any of the above categories, but such a gadget would definitely not interfere with my travels: if you want, drop it on the rocks, if you want, drown it in the river, and it works and works.
While I was playing with my smartphone, an inflatable boat was launched into the water. We sail away from the cordon.
The highest point of the Lovozero tundra is Mount Angvundaschorr (“ang” in Sami - slope, “vuntas” - sand, “chorr” - mountain range, i.e. its name can be translated as "mountain with a sandy slope"), its height is 1126 meters above sea level. And steep slopes rise above Seydozero by about 400-500 meters.
As I said above, the Sami name of the lake is Seydyavvr. "Yavvir" in Sami means "lake". But with the "seid" - it's not so simple. It so happened that today various interpretations of this word are quite common, most of them incorrect - seids are often called original structures made of stones - for example, folded pyramids or boulders standing on stone legs. All this is complete nonsense. How the Sami themselves define seids, I described in my recent story about, located in Karelia: “Seid is a spirit that lives in some lakeside stones and rocks, patronizing the Lapp in its various crafts and possessing supernatural power.”
The main thing to understand is that, firstly, seid can be not only a stone, but any other natural object, for example, an old snag or moss whimsically growing on rocks, and secondly, seid is not a material object itself, but a spirit that lives in it. Everything is simple.
The Saami firmly believed that the souls of dead shamans lived in seids, so they treated them with great respect. Each seid necessarily had its own legend connected with the life of the shaman from whom it descended. The Saami believed that the spirits living in the stones help in life - for example, in fishing, hunting, or traveling. Sacrifices were made to seids, which were most often deer antlers, as well as the heads and tails of fish. Sometimes whole animals were used, as well as things and money.
As with any sacred place, various prohibitions and restrictions were associated with seids. For example, many shrines were only accessible to men. Some seids could only be approached on their knees, others could not be approached too close, and others could not speak loudly. The Saami clearly divided seidas into two types: some were public, others were personal. Public seids were usually placed on the high banks of rivers and lakes, or on the tops of mountains - so that the sanctuaries were clearly visible from afar. Such seidas were attended with a certain frequency - for example, in connection with various calendar or other events. If the seid was set for private use, then it was usually hidden in some secluded places. It was believed that personal seids helped only as long as they were not seen by someone else's eye. The Saami considered sacred not only the stone itself, but also the place where it was located, for example, a mountain or an island. Particularly revered rocks somehow reminiscent of their shape of a person. Many different legends have been associated with seids at all times. For example, according to one of the Sami beliefs, fishermen, going to sea, left part of their soul in a stone seid, so that in the event of their death it would not be devoured by a mythical sea monster. Another legend says that the seids, located on the Kuzov archipelago in the White Sea, are nothing but Swedish warriors turned into rocks.
Researchers believe that the first seids appeared in the Iron Age. It is interesting that the tradition of worshiping spirits existed among the Saami until the beginning of the 20th century.
There are very few seids in the world, about which one can reliably say that they are really related to the cult beliefs of the Sami. On Seydozero there is one of them - Kuyva. This 70-meter miraculous stylized image of a human figure, located on a sheer cliff right above the lake shore, is one of the most famous and revered seids by the Saami.
From afar, it looks like a dark blurry silhouette located on the right side of the light sheer cliff in the center of the frame.
Quite a lot of legends and myths are associated with Kuyva, most of which have already appeared in our time.
Here, for example, is an excerpt from Valery Demin's book "Hyperborea - the foremother of world culture":
In frontal sunlight, a mysterious figure is already visible from afar. From less than half way, it clearly from different points appears before the astonished gaze in all its mysterious incomprehensibility. The closer to the rock, the grander the spectacle. No one knows or understands how and when a giant petroglyph appeared in the center of Russian Lapland. And can it even be considered a petroglyph? According to the Sami legend, this is Kuyva, the leader of the treacherous foreigners, who almost exterminated the gullible and peaceful Lapps. But the Sami shaman-noid called for the help of the spirits and stopped the invasion of the invaders, and turned Kuiva himself into a shadow on the rock.
Companions are waiting for my explanation, but I hesitate: it may turn out to be even more implausible than the Sami legend. The essence of the possible interpretation is as follows. Remember, I say, there is a similar figure, only much smaller, in the museum of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima: the shadow of a man on a concrete slab is all that remains after nuclear explosion and super-powerful fiery flash. A similar picture is here, on the Kuyva rock. It remains to be determined what kind of creature of such gigantic dimensions could once inhabit the earth and with what weapon it was destroyed. It is not difficult to answer the second question today: it is possible to turn any biomass into an incorporeal shadow not only as a result of a nuclear flash, but also with the help of a laser weapon based on the principle of nuclear pumping. And also with the help of a beam of lightning.
Well, here is the canonical version of the origin of Kuyva, recorded from the words of a local resident by the researcher of the Lovozero tundra, academician Alexander Fersman:
So listen. It was a long, long time ago, when I was not there yet, and Vasily Vasilyevich was not there, who was grazing deer on the Small Lake; there was no old man Arkhipov on Monche Bay; it was a very long time ago. Strangers found on our land, they said, seams, but we were like a lop - naked, without weapons, even without shotguns, and not everyone had knives. And we didn't want to fight. But the shvets began to select bulls and women, took our fish places, built pens and lemmas - there was nowhere for the lopi to go; and now the old people gathered and began to think how to expel the shveta; and he was so strong, big, with firearms. We consulted, argued and decided to go all together against him, take away our deer and again sit on Seityavr and Umbozero.
And they started a real war - some with a shotgun, some just with a knife, everyone went to the seams, and the seam was strong and was not afraid of the lopi. At first, by cunning, he lured our lop to Seytyavr and began to crumble it there. It will strike to the right - so there were no ten of ours, and drops of blood splashed all the mountains, tundras and khibiny; hit to the left - so again there were no ten of ours, and again drops of Lop blood splashed across the tundra.
You know, you yourself showed me, such a red stone in the mountains - this is the same blood of the Lop, the blood of the old Sami.
But our old people were angry when they saw that the seam began to crumble them, they hid in the willow tree, gathered their strength and immediately overlaid everything on all sides of the seam; he goes back and forth - there is no way for him to go anywhere, neither to go down to Seytyavr, nor to climb out onto the tundra; so he froze on a rock that hangs over the lake. When you are on Seityavr, you yourself will see the giant Kuyva - this is the seam that our Sami spread on a stone, our old people, when they went to war against him.
So he stayed there, damned Kuyva, and our old men again took possession of the bulls and the important ones, again sat down in the fish places and began to hunt ...
Only red drops of Sami blood remained on the tundra; you can’t collect all of them, our old people shed a lot of them, while Kuiva was mastered ...
For a long time, only Sami shamans and elders had the right to appear on the sacred lake, so as not to disturb the peace of the spirits. Until now, there is a belief that Kuiva does not tolerate disrespect and can not let a negligent tourist to Seydozero: send bad weather, wind, storm, snowstorm. Or he can hide in a rock and not show up.
Finally, a few words about the real origin of the mysterious silhouette. A study conducted some time ago showed that Kuiva is exclusively a natural phenomenon. This is just a plantation of a special fungus that has taken a natural form. So all comparisons with a human silhouette are nothing more than a game of the human imagination. But be that as it may, you must admit that the old man Kuyva looks very impressive!
In general, upon closer examination, the texture of the rocks surrounding Seidozero is incredibly interesting. Surely, geologists can tell a lot of interesting facts about all these multi-colored blotches. I am not a geologist, so I can only state the fact that this whole combination looks very beautiful.
