Catastrophes always excite the minds of people, even after a hundred years. Interest in any event can now be fueled by cinema, just one successful film and society will never forget about any problem or event. This is how the owners and crew of the Titanic went down in history, though not in the best light. But before talking about the shipwreck, it would be useful to know where and where the Titanic was sailing from?

Travel between continents

Today, to overcome the distance between Europe and America, it is enough to buy a plane ticket. Already on the same day with this cherished ticket, you can be on the other side of the globe, spending 7-8 hours and not such a big amount. But jet liners in civil aviation appeared not so long ago, before that the situation was a little different. It’s quite sad, in the opinion of the modern layman, it was about the invention of aircraft:

• The only possible travel option is by ship. The journey could take weeks.
• At the end of the 19th century, steamships were designed that made it possible to cross the ocean in 5 days.
• But even in this short period of time, anything could happen, shipwrecks are not uncommon today.
• But the main troubles that tormented the first pilgrims, in the form of scurvy and infectious diseases, faded into the background.

At the time of the commissioning of the Titanic, there were two main companies, one of them emphasized travel speed , another on comfort and luxury . Looking at the interior of the Titanic, you can immediately understand which of the two offices it belonged to.

Protecting the Unsinkable Titanic

Everyone heard something about the unsinkability of the Titanic and some unique system installed on the ship. She was all reduced to three points:

Bulkheads	Second bottom	Pumps
There were 16 watertight bulkheads in total.	It was at a height of 160 cm and protected from any damage.	They worked on electricity generated by engines.
Cast-iron doors were installed between each of them, for the team.	It had a cellular structure, which was supposed to prevent flooding.	They pumped out water entering the bulkheads and compartments.
Damage to even a few compartments would not lead to the flooding of the vessel.	It was considered an ingenious engineering solution that would avoid the crash of the ship.	They could only handle a certain amount of water.

Theoretically, any minor accident should not have led to the rapid sinking of the ship. Although it is difficult to talk about insignificance when it comes to a collision with an iceberg. Coping with the consequences of such a contact turned out to be beyond even most modern system, which only existed at that time.

The route of the Titanic and its passengers

As already mentioned, the ship's route ran from Europe to America. But this is not the most accurate route:

• The liner departed from Southampton. If today this English town is not familiar to anyone, then a hundred years ago it was the largest port in all of Britain.
• The ship made its first stop in France, visiting the port of Cherbourg.
• After that, the Titanic entered the port of Queenstown, Ireland.
• This was the last stop of the ship, then it was supposed to follow to the final point, to the port of New York.

Such an unusual route within Europe made it possible to gather everyone. Both from the islands and from the mainland of the continent. Sending to Ireland helped to get to the right latitude and lay the best route.

At that time, the United States was a country of hope and new opportunities, but despite this, not only adventurers and thrill-seekers sailed to America. The aristocracy, businessmen and industrialists traveled first class. They all departed from different intentions:

• Someone was looking for new sensations and entertainment.
• Others sought to conclude the most profitable contracts in new markets.
• Some explored the New World in search of profits and opportunities for growth.

But regardless of the initial motives and desires, the same inglorious outcome awaited all of them.

Cause of the sinking and death of the passengers of the Titanic

So what was the problem of the most unsinkable ship? Yes, that the hole from the iceberg was in length over 90 m. It is easy to understand that more than one bulkhead, not two, or even three, was pierced. In an attempt to evade the Frost Giant, the ship attempted to veer sharply off course and pass by, but instead received a tangential blow. It was such a blow that tore the plating to shreds for 5 bulkheads. The engineering system was not designed for such a level of damage.

But why did almost 70% of the passengers and crew members die? And here the whole a series of errors and criminal negligence:

1. The ship was sailing at full speed, despite warnings about the presence of icebergs in these waters.
2. It is the high speed of the vessel that explains such massive damage.
3. The capacity of the boats was designed for only a thousand people, despite the fact that the number of passengers exceeded two thousand.
4. The defense system played a cruel joke, keeping the ship afloat without visible changes for the first time. For a couple of hours, no one could even understand that the ship was sinking. In this regard, it was difficult to convince passengers to go from comfortable decks to boats.
5. Nearby ships were either too far away or did not come to the rescue.

The first and last flight of the liner

The Titanic made its only voyage along an uncomplicated route. It contained only 4 points:

1. Southampton.
2. Cherbourg.
3. Queenstown.
4. New York.

England. France. Ireland. USA. Exactly in that order. But the ship never made it to its final destination. As did most of the passengers and crew.

A project has already been launched to build a similar ship, which will pass along the same route from where and where the Titanic sailed. Historic voyage for lovers " tickle your nerves”, but it all sounds too tragic.

Video: where was the Titanic going?

Below is the documentary "Titanic's Destination", in which historian Anton Makarov will talk about the departure point of the legendary ship and where it sailed. The moment of the sinking of the Titanic will also be shown:

"At 2:20 am from April 14 to April 15, 1912, the Titanic liner, considered unsinkable, sank, claiming 1,500 lives. After 100 years, we can penetrate every corner of the sunken ship. Photographs taken using the latest technology, - a detailed guide to the legendary wreckage.

The remains of the ship rest in silence and darkness - a giant puzzle of rusty steel fragments scattered across the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. It is readily eaten by bacteria and fungi, for them expanse is here. Bizarre colorless creatures roam around. Since the wreck was discovered in 1985 by National Geographic Society explorer Robert Ballard and French oceanographer Jean-Louis Michel, deep-sea robots and manned vehicles have periodically visited here. They sent a sonar beam to the Titanic, took a couple of photographs - and sailed away.

In recent years, American director James Cameron, French submariner Paul-Henri Narjolet, and other researchers have brought ever clearer and more detailed photographs of the wreck. And yet we looked at the Titanic as if through a keyhole - we could only see what was illuminated by the spotlights of the underwater vehicle. Never before have we been able to look at thousands of disparate debris as a single whole. Finally, the opportunity presented itself.

A state-of-the-art trailer is parked in the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution parking lot. In the trailer, William Lang is hunched over a sonar map of the Titanic wreck. It took months of painstaking work to assemble this mosaic. The ghostly landscape resembles the surface of the moon - the bottom is dotted with crater-like depressions. These are traces of large fragments of melting icebergs that have been falling to the bottom for thousands of years.

“Never before have we been able to look at thousands of disparate debris as a whole. Finally, such an opportunity presented itself.

The owner of this 925 sterling silver men's pocket watch has set it to New York time in anticipation of a safe arrival.

The porthole on the right side of the page is one of 5,000 items salvaged from the wreck of the Titanic. Upon hitting the bottom, the steel sheets of the hull plating bent, and the portholes remained intact, popping out of their "eyes".

Most likely, this felt hat belonged to a businessman. In an era when people were "meet by clothes," the bowler hat was a sign of belonging to the class of doctors, lawyers, or entrepreneurs.

But if you look closely, you begin to distinguish the creations of human hands. On the computer screen, Lang moves the cursor over a fragment of a map created by superimposing photographs on acoustic images - sonar data. He enlarges the picture until the bow of the Titanic appears on the screen in all its "glory": where the first chimney once stood, now a black hole gapes. A hundred meters to the northeast, a torn hatch cover was buried in the muddy mud. All this can be seen in the smallest detail - on one fragment you can even see how a white crab is scratching its claws against the railing.

So, moving the mouse across the screen, you can see everything that remains of the Titanic - every mooring bollard, every davit, every steam boiler. “Now we know exactly where everything is,” says Lang. “One hundred years passed, and finally the light came on.”

Bill Lang runs the Imaging and Visualization Laboratory at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. This is something like an ultra-modern photo studio specializing in underwater photography. Inside, the lab is lined with soundproof panels, and the room is chock-full of computers and high-definition TV monitors. Lang was part of the famous Ballard expedition that discovered the remains of the Titanic, and since then he has been testing all the latest deep-sea photography technologies in this underwater cemetery.

Next to the giant propellers of the Olympic liner - an almost exact copy of the Titanic - the workers of the shipyard in Belfast look like midgets. Both twin ships were built in Belfast. The Titanic was photographed little, but we can judge the grandeur of its design from the Olympic. National Museums of Northern Ireland, Harland and Wolf Collection, Ulster Folk and Transport Museum

Guide to the sunken wreckage - the result of the work of the expedition, sinking to the bottom in August-September 2010. Millions of dollars have been invested in this ambitious project. The survey was conducted by three underwater robots that moved at different distances from the bottom surface along programmed trajectories. Packed with side-scan sonar, multi-beam sonar, and optical cameras that took hundreds of shots per second, the robots combed the bottom over a 5x8-kilometer stretch. The data obtained were subjected to careful computer processing, and here is the result: on a huge high-resolution map, sunken objects and features of the bottom relief are reflected in their relative position, indicating the exact geographical coordinates.

"This is a breakthrough," said expedition leader, archaeologist James Delgado of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. - In the past, studying the remains of the Titanic was like exploring downtown New York at night in heavy rain with a flashlight. Now we have a certain area with clear boundaries, where everything can be viewed and measured. Perhaps, over time, thanks to this map, people who, as it seemed to us, were silent for all eternity, when the icy waters of the ocean closed over them, will find a voice.

What is the magnet that draws us to the remains of the Titanic? Why, even 100 years later, this pile of metal at a four-kilometer depth does not give people peace of mind? Some are fascinated by the scale of the catastrophe. Others are haunted by the thought of those who could not leave the ship. The Titanic sank for 2 hours and 40 minutes, and this time was enough for 2208 epic tragedies to unfold on its stage. Cowardice (they talked about a gentleman who tried to get into the boat, dressed in a woman's dress) side by side with courage and self-sacrifice. Many are real heroes. The captain remained on the captain's bridge, the orchestra continued to play, radio operators gave distress signals until the very end. And the passengers - almost all - behaved in strict accordance with the hierarchy of Edwardian society: social barriers were stronger than watertight partitions.

But the Titanic did not only take human lives with it. Together with the giant ship, the illusion of order, faith in scientific and technological progress, the desire to live, to go towards the future went to the bottom. “Imagine that you inflated a soap bubble, and it burst - here is the wreck of the Titanic,” says James Cameron. - In the first decade of the 20th century, it seemed that an era of prosperity had begun on Earth. Elevators! Cars! Airplanes! Radio! People believed that nothing is impossible, that progress is endless, and life is like a fairy tale. But everything collapsed in an instant."

It is hard to imagine a more surreal picture: on the Las Vegas Strip, on one of the upper floors of the Luxor Hotel, next to the strip show, an exhibition of relics from the Titanic settled for a long time. They were retrieved from the depths of the sea by the RMS Titanic, Inc. corporation, which since 1994 has the exclusive right to raise items from the sunken giant. Similar exhibitions were arranged in 20 other countries of the world, and in total they were visited by more than 25 million people.

In mid-October last year, I spent a day at the Luxor wandering among the artifacts: a chef's hat, a razor set, lumps of coal, several excellently preserved dishes from the service, countless boots and shoes, perfume bottles, a leather bag, a bottle of champagne with so and untouched cork. These ordinary objects became unique, making a long and terrible journey to sparkling glass display cases. I walked through a dark, cold room - it has an "iceberg" with a freon cooling system, which you can touch. From the speakers comes the rattle of torn metal, forcing a sense of unease. And here is the pearl of the collection - a huge, weighing 15 tons, fragment of the Titanic hull. In 1998, he was taken from the bottom of the ocean using a crane.

The Titanic's rudder is buried in the sand, propeller blades are visible on the sides. The badly mutilated stern rests on the ocean floor 600 meters south of the bow, which has been photographed much more frequently. This image is a mosaic photo collage of 300 high-resolution photographs taken during the 2010 expedition.

The exhibition in Las Vegas was done with dignity, but over the past years, submarine archaeologists have more than once spoken impartially about the RMS Titanic and its leaders. Robbers, defilers of graves, treasure hunters - they didn’t find any nicknames for them! “You don’t go to the Louvre and point your finger at the Mona Lisa,” Robert Ballard, the uncompromising fighter for the integrity of the Titanic, told me. “These people are driven by greed – look how much they have done!”

The open stern exposes the two engines of the Titanic. They are covered with orange growths - a waste product of bacteria that eat rusty iron. Once upon a time, these giants, the size of a four-story house, set in motion the most grandiose creation of human hands.

However, in recent years, the RMS Titanic has undergone changes in leadership - and in the approach to business. The new leaders do not seek to raise as many objects as possible from the bottom - on the contrary, in the future it is planned to conduct archaeological research at the crash site. The corporation began to cooperate with research and government organizations. The very expedition of 2010, during which scientists first surveyed the entire complex of sunken wreckage, was organized, led and financed by RMS Titanic. The company has sided with those who are calling for the Titanic wreck to be turned into a maritime memorial. In late 2011, RMS Titanic announced plans to auction off its entire collection and associated intellectual property worth $189 million - but only if a buyer can be found who agrees to abide by strict conditions set by a federal court. One of these conditions: the collection cannot be sold in parts.

RMS Titanic President Chris Davino invited me to the exhibit store. This treasure trove lurks next door to a dog groomer in an unremarkable neighborhood in Atlanta. The brick building is equipped with a climate control system, a forklift maneuvers between long rows of racks - everything is like in a regular warehouse. The racks are lined from top to bottom with boxes and crates with detailed descriptions of the contents. What is not here: dishes, clothes, letters, bottles, fragments of water pipes, portholes - everything that has been raised from the bottom of the ocean for three decades. Davino took over RMS Titanic in 2009, taking on the arduous mission of helping the ill-fated enterprise start a new life. “There are many stakeholders in the Titanic case, and there are many disagreements between them, but for many years they were all united by contempt for us. It's time for a reassessment of values. We realized that you can't just pick up artifacts and do nothing else. We should not fight with scientists, but cooperate,” says Davino.

"Titanic": the crash site

Full screen

And it's not just words. Not so long ago, government organizations like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration did nothing but sue the RMS Titanic. Now yesterday's opponents are working together on long-term research projects, the goal of which is to create a protected protected area at the crash site. “It's not easy to find a compromise between protecting the memorial and making a profit,” admits marine archaeologist Dave Conlin. - These businessmen had something to condemn. But now they deserve respect.”

The scientists also liked the corporation's decision to involve one of the world's leading experts in the analysis of the 2010 images. Bill Sauder is a walking encyclopedia of the Titanic-class ocean liners. Bill's position is project manager, but he himself prefers to call himself "the keeper of knowledge about all sorts of things."

When we met in Atlanta, he was sitting staring at a computer, wearing thick glasses and looking like a dwarf with a half-faced shaggy beard. On the screen were the wreckage of the stern of the Titanic. On previous expeditions, the focus has almost always been on the more photogenic prow, which lies to the north of the bulk of the remains. But Sauder suspects research will shift aft in the future. “The nose looks cool, no doubt, but we have been there a hundred times already,” the scientist admits. “I’m much more interested in this junk on the south side.”

Bill is trying to identify anything in the scrap heap. “Many people think that the wreck looks like some kind of picturesque ruins of an ancient temple on a hill,” he says. - No matter how! They are much more like an industrial dump: mountains of sheet metal, all kinds of rivets, spacers. Who will figure it out? Is that a fan of Picasso.

Sauder zooms in on the first image he sees, and within minutes, one of a thousand mysteries has been solved. At the very top of the pile of rubble lies the mangled copper frame of a revolving door, apparently from the first-class cabin. In general, you can sit on the “what is what” puzzle for more than one year. This is an incredibly time-consuming job that only someone who knows every inch of the ship can handle.

At the end of October 2011, I attended a roundtable where James Cameron invited the most authoritative experts in the field of marine research. Bill Souder, RMS Titanic researcher Paul-Henri Narjolet, historian Don Lynch, and marine painter Ken gathered in a movie studio the size of an airplane hangar in Manhattan Beach, California, among props left over from the filming of Titanic. Marshall, who has been involved in the Titanic for 40 years. They were joined by a naval engineer, an oceanographer from the Woods Hole Institute, and two US Navy architects.

For the first time: a complete portrait of the legendary wreckage

Full screen

Cameron, by his own admission, "is so obsessed with the Titanic that he knows every rivet there." Behind the director's shoulders are three expeditions to the crash site. He pioneered the development of a new class of small-sized remote-controlled robots that can survey by separating from an underwater base and maneuvering through the wreckage. This was the first time we were able to photograph the interior of the Titanic, with its luxurious Turkish bath and magnificent apartments (see “Walking on the Titanic”)

10 years ago, Cameron filmed a documentary about the remains of the German battleship Bismarck sunk in 1941, and at the time of our meeting, he was preparing to go down to the bottom of the Mariana Trench alone, armed with a 3D camera. But the spell of the Titanic is not weakening. “There, at the bottom, we see a strange mixture of biology and architecture - I would call it a biomechanical environment,” says Cameron. - I think it's fantastic. Feeling as if the ship plunged into Tartarus - into the realm of shadows.

With two days at his disposal, Cameron decided to arrange something like a forensic examination. Why did the Titanic break in half? Where exactly did the hull crack? At what angle did the debris hit the bottom? “This is a crime scene,” Cameron says. - Once you realize this, you want to get to the bottom of the truth: how did this happen? Why is the knife here and the gun there?

As expected, the experts immediately begin to speak the language of birds. Without being an engineer, from all these "angles of incidence", "shear forces" and "turbidity of the environment", one thing can be understood: the last moments of the life of the Titanic were cruel, excruciating agony. One often hears that the waves “closed” over the liner, and it “sank to the bottom of the ocean”, as if quietly and peacefully plunged into eternal sleep. Nothing like this! Based on the experience of many years of research, the experts produced computer simulations based on the finite element method. Now we have a detailed understanding of the death throes of the Titanic.

Late in the evening, at 23:40, the ship ripped open the starboard side on the edge of the iceberg. As a result, a 90-meter “lacerated wound” formed on the hull, six front waterproof compartments received holes and began to fill with water. From that moment on, the Titanic was doomed. But it is quite possible that his death was accelerated by an unsuccessful attempt to put passengers into boats from a lower deck: the crew members opened the door to lower the gangway on the left side. As the ship began to list to port, it was no longer possible to overcome the force of gravity and close the massive door again. The bow part gradually descended, by 1:50 the water reached the open door and rushed in.

By 2:18 a.m., the bow of the Titanic had filled with water, and the stern had risen so high in the air that the propellers were exposed. Unable to withstand the monstrous pressure, the hull broke in half in the central part - just 13 minutes after the last boat left the Titanic.

Here Cameron stands up and demonstrates how it all looked. Picking up a banana, the director begins to break it open: "Look how it bends and swells in the middle before breaking - see?" The last to give in was the peel at the bottom - the double bottom of the ship.

Breaking away from the stern, the bow went to the bottom at a rather sharp angle. As it dived, it gained speed, losing various parts: chimneys fell off, the wheelhouse collapsed. Five minutes later, the bow hit the bottom with such force that clods of silty mud fanned out in all directions, traces of which are still visible today.

The stern lost the bow in hydrodynamics. Going to the bottom, she tumbled and rotated in a spiral. Near the fault line, the hull gave another crack, and soon a large fragment of the hull broke off from the stern and completely collapsed, all its contents spilled out. The compartments ruptured under air pressure. The decks were falling on top of each other. The steel plating of the hull came apart at the seams. The poop deck was bent by a propeller. Heavier objects like steam boilers went down like a stone, and everything else was scattered in different directions. Before reaching the bottom, the stern turned into a pile of scrap.

Mark on history

Cameron sits down and puts a banana in his mouth. “We are all sorry that the Titanic fell apart in such an unworthy way,” he sums up. “I would like it to rest at the bottom safe and sound, like a ghost ship.”

"Hundreds of living people could have remained inside. 100 years have passed since then, but it is still unbearable to imagine this picture in the imagination."

I listened to all these discussions, and the question swirled in my head: what was the fate of the people who were still on board when the Titanic began to sink? Most of the 1,496 victims of the disaster died of hypothermia while swimming in icy water in cork life jackets. But hundreds of living people could remain inside - for the most part they were third-class passengers, immigrant families traveling to America in search of a better life. What happened to them in this metal hell? What did they hear and feel? It's been 100 years since then, but it's still unbearable to imagine this picture.

St. John's, Newfoundland. On June 8, 1912, a rescue ship returned here, picking up the last body of a passenger from the Titanic. For many months after the tragedy, waves washed deck chairs, pieces of wood paneling and other items from the ship to the shores of the island.

I hoped that from here I would be able to fly to the crash site on the plane of the International Ice Patrol. This organization was created after the sinking of the Titanic to track icebergs along the routes of ships in the Atlantic Ocean. But, alas, due to the storm, all flights were canceled, and instead I went to the pub, where they began to regale me with local vodka, which is made on water from a melted iceberg. To heighten the effect, the bartender threw a piece of ice into my glass, saying that it was from the same Greenland glacier that gave rise to the ice block that sank the Titanic.

South of St. John's, a desert rock cuts into the sea - Cape Race. A few years before the Titanic disaster, Guglielmo Marconi built a radio station here. According to local legend, Jim Myrick, a 14-year-old assistant radio operator, was the first to receive the distress call from the sinking ship. At first, there was a generally accepted call for help at that time - CQD. After some time, Cape Race received a new signal, which had hardly been used before - SOS.

I came to Cape Race to talk to David Myrick, Jim's great-nephew, among the remains of Marconi's old apparatus and detector radios. David is a marine radio operator, the last representative of a glorious dynasty. According to him, grandfather did not like to talk about that tragic night, and only in extreme old age did he begin to reminisce. By that time, Jim was deaf, so family members had to communicate with him using Morse code.

"Titanic" inside and out: a virtual tour of the famous liner

We went out to wander near the lighthouse and, stopping at the edge of the cliff, looked down for a long time at the icy waves breaking on the rocks. A tanker was in the distance. Even further, on the Great Newfoundland Bank, according to ice reconnaissance, new icebergs appeared. And already quite far, beyond the horizon, rested the remains of the most famous ship in history. I thought about the thousands of signals that had cut through the ether over the past 100 years. In this silent ocean of radio waves, innumerable voices merged into one long cry. I imagined that I could hear the voice of the Titanic itself. The crown of the creation of human hands, bearing such a proud name, he rushed at full speed towards a brave new world. But the ancient element stood in the way of the ship to inflict a mortal blow on it.

100 years ago, on the night of April 15, 1912, after a collision with an iceberg in the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, the Titanic sank with more than 2,200 people on board.

"Titanic" (Titanic) - the largest passenger ship of the early XX century, the second of three twin steamers produced by the British company "White Star Line" (White Star Line).

The length of the Titanic was 260 meters, width - 28 meters, displacement - 52 thousand tons, height from the waterline to the boat deck - 19 meters, distance from the keel to the top of the pipe - 55 meters, top speed - 23 knots. Journalists compared it in length with three city blocks, and in height with an 11-story building.

The Titanic had eight steel decks located one above the other at a distance of 2.5-3.2 meters. To ensure safety, the ship had a double bottom, and its hull was separated by 16 watertight compartments. Watertight bulkheads rose from the second bottom to the deck. The chief designer of the ship, Thomas Andrews, stated that even if four of the 16 compartments were filled with water, the liner would be able to continue its journey.

The interiors of the cabins on decks B and C were made in 11 styles. Third class passengers on decks E and F were separated from first and second class by gates located in different parts of the ship.

Prior to the release of the Titanic on its first and last voyage, it was emphasized that 10 millionaires would be on board the ship on the first voyage, and gold and jewelry worth hundreds of millions of dollars would be in its safes. American industrialist, heir to mining magnate Benjamin Guggenheim, millionaire with a young wife, assistant to US Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft, Major Archibald Willingham Butt, US Congressman Isidore Strauss, actress Dorothy Gibson, wealthy social activist Margaret Brown, British fashion designer Lucy Christiane Duff Gordon and many other famous and wealthy people of that time.

On April 10, 1912, at noon, the Titanic set off on its only journey from Southampton (UK) to New York (USA) with stops in Cherbourg (France) and Queenstown (Ireland).

During the four days of the journey the weather was clear and the sea calm.

On April 14, 1912, on the fifth day of the journey, several ships sent messages about icebergs in the area of ​​the ship's route. For most of the day, the radio was broken, and many messages were not noticed by radio operators, and the captain did not pay due attention to others.

By evening, the temperature began to drop, reaching zero Celsius by 22:00.

At 23:00, a message was received from the Californian about the presence of ice, but the radio operator of the Titanic cut off the radio traffic before the Californian had time to report the coordinates of the area: the telegraph operator was busy sending personal messages to passengers.

At 23:39, two lookouts noticed an iceberg in front of the liner and reported this by telephone to the bridge. The most senior of the officers, William Murdoch, gave the command to the helmsman: "Left rudder."

At 23:40 "Titanic" in the underwater part of the ship. Of the 16 watertight compartments of the ship, six were cut through.

At 00:00 on April 15, the designer of the Titanic, Thomas Andrews, was called to the captain's bridge in order to assess the severity of the damage. After reporting on the incident and inspecting the ship, Andrews informed everyone present that the liner would inevitably sink.

The ship began to feel a roll on the bow. Captain Smith ordered the lifeboats to be uncovered and the crew and passengers called for evacuation.

By order of the captain, the radio operators began to send out distress signals, which they transmitted for two hours, until the captain released the telegraph operators from duty a few minutes before the sinking of the ship.

Distress signals, but they were too far from the Titanic.

At 00:25, the coordinates of the Titanic were received by the Carpathia ship, which was 58 nautical miles from the wreck, which was 93 kilometers. ordered to immediately go to the disaster site of the Titanic. Rushing to the rescue, the ship was able to reach a record speed of 17.5 knots - with the maximum possible speed for a vessel of 14 knots. To do this, Rostron ordered to turn off all appliances that consume electricity and heating.

At 01:30, the operator of the Titanic telegraphed: "We are in small boats." By order of Captain Smith, his assistant, Charles Lightoller, who led the rescue of people on the port side of the liner, put only women and children into the boats. The men, according to the captain, were to remain on deck until all the women had boarded the boats. First mate William Murdoch on the starboard side to the men, if there were no women and children in the line of passengers gathering on deck.

Around 02:15, the Titanic's bow dropped sharply, the ship moved forward significantly, and a huge wave swept across the decks, which washed many passengers overboard.

Around 02:20, the Titanic sank.

Around 04:00 am, about three and a half hours after receiving the distress signal, the Carpathia arrived at the wreck of the Titanic. The ship took on board 712 passengers and crew members of the Titanic, after which it arrived safely in New York. Among those rescued were 189 crew members, 129 male passengers and 394 women and children.

The death toll, according to various sources, ranged from 1400 to 1517 people. According to official figures, after the disaster, 60% of passengers are in first class cabins, 44% in second class cabins, and 25% in third class.

The last surviving passenger of the Titanic, who traveled on board the liner at the age of nine weeks, died on May 31, 2009 at the age of 97. The ashes of the woman were scattered over the sea from the pier in the port of Southampton, from where the Titanic set off on its last voyage in 1912.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

SHIP DESCRIPTION: The Titanic is a British transatlantic steamer, the second Olympic-class liner. Built in Belfast at the shipyard "Harland and Wolf" from 1909 to 1912 by order of the shipping company "White Star Line". At the time of commissioning, it was the largest ship in the world. On the night of April 14-15, 1912, during the first flight, it crashed in the North Atlantic, colliding with an iceberg. The Titanic was equipped with two four-cylinder steam engines and a steam turbine. The entire power plant had a capacity of 55,000 liters. with. The ship could reach speeds of up to 23 knots (42 km/h). Its displacement, which exceeded the twin steamer Olympic by 243 tons, was 52,310 tons. The ship's hull was made of steel. The hold and lower decks were divided into 16 compartments by bulkheads with sealed doors. If the bottom was damaged, the double bottom prevented water from entering the compartments. Shipbuilder magazine called the Titanic virtually unsinkable, a statement widely circulated in the press and among the public. In accordance with outdated regulations, the Titanic was equipped with 20 lifeboats, with a total capacity of 1,178 people, which was only a third of the ship's maximum load. The cabins and public areas of the Titanic were divided into three classes. First class passengers were offered a swimming pool, a squash court, an A la carte restaurant, two cafes, and a gym. All classes had dining and smoking lounges, open and closed promenades. The most luxurious and refined were first-class interiors, made in various artistic styles using expensive materials such as mahogany, gilding, stained glass, silk and others. Cabins and salons of the third class were decorated as simply as possible: steel walls were painted white or sheathed with wooden panels.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DISASTER: On April 10, 1912, the Titanic left Southampton on her first and only voyage. Having made stops in French Cherbourg and Irish Queenstown, the ship entered the Atlantic Ocean with 1,317 passengers and 908 crew members on board. Captain Edward Smith commanded the ship. On April 14, the Titanic radio station received seven ice warnings, but the liner continued to move almost at top speed. To avoid meeting with floating ice, the captain ordered to go a little south of the usual route. At 23:39 on April 14, the lookout reported to the captain's bridge about the iceberg directly ahead. Less than a minute later there was a collision. Having received several holes, the ship began to sink. First of all, women and children were put on the boats. At 2:20 am on April 15, the Titanic sank, breaking in two, killing 1,496 people. 712 survivors were picked up by the steamer "Carpathia".

SEARCH FOR WRECKAGE: The wreckage of the Titanic lies at a depth of 3,750 m. It was first discovered by the Robert Ballard expedition in 1985. Subsequent expeditions recovered thousands of artifacts from the bottom. The bow and stern parts have sunk deep into the bottom silt and are in a deplorable state; it is not possible to bring them to the surface intact.

WHERE THE TITANIC sank: This question received a lot of answers from Internet users. Here are some of them:

1. For a long time, the exact coordinates of the location of the wreckage of the Titanic were classified and only inaccurate coordinates from the SOS of the Titanic were mentioned - "41 degrees 46 minutes N and 50 degrees 14 minutes W", but after UNESCO recognized the wreckage of the Titanic as a cultural heritage and took them under guard, the actual coordinates were published.

2. The collapse of the Titanic, the largest steamship at that time, occurred during its first voyage on the night of April 14-15, 1912 in the northern waters of the Atlantic Ocean, 645 kilometers west of Newdowland Island.

3. The Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean, passing more than halfway from Great Britain to New York on April 14, 1912, as a result of a collision with an iceberg. The remains of the Titanic lie at the bottom of the Atlantic, south of the Great Newfoundland Bank, at a depth of 3.75 km, but not compactly: separately, the bow, which sank first, 700 meters to the south is the stern of the Titanic, around for several hundred meters - debris and individual components of the ship.

4. The sinking of the Titanic is one of the biggest tragedies in the world. It happened on April 14, 1912. The Titanic was making its maiden voyage, collided with an iceberg and sank in the North Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Canada.

5. The Titanic sank in the North Atlantic Ocean. Twenty-five minutes after the Titanic collided with the iceberg, at the command of the captain, the radio operator transmitted the first signal asking for help and indicated the coordinates - 41 degrees 46 minutes north latitude and 50 degrees 14 minutes west longitude. The approximate coordinates of the location of the remains of the vessel are 41.43.16 N and 49.56.27 ZD. Approximate because the two largest parts of the vessel are located at a distance of 600 meters from each other, and small parts are scattered within a radius of 3-4 kilometers. By the way, the underwater canyon where the Titanic sank now bears the name of the lost ship. (National Geographic source) The site of the death of the Titanic has now been precisely determined, and if we take the location of the steam boilers that fell out of the insides of a broken sinking ship and rapidly fell to the bottom almost vertically as a reference point, then the coordinates of the Titanic crash site are as follows: 41 ° 43 "35" N and 49°56"50" W.

6. The Titanic sank in the North Atlantic Ocean before reaching Bermuda. The exact coordinates are still disputed. "California" gave one coordinates, according to which it is known exactly where the collision with the iceberg occurred - at a point with coordinates 41 degrees 46 seconds; north latitude and 50 degrees 14 seconds; west longitude, but later it was found that these calculated them incorrectly. After the collision, the ship was still moving for some time before it sank.

7. The Titanic sank in the North Atlantic Ocean, at a distance of a little more than half a thousand kilometers to the west of Newdowland Island. The exact coordinates of the site of the sinking of the Titanic are: 41g 43min 57sec north latitude and 49g 56min 49sec west longitude. This is the nose. The aft part is located in a slightly different place: 41° 43min 35sec north latitude and 49° 56min 54sec west longitude.

8. If you are interested in the coordinates of the shipwreck, that is, the exact place where the Titanic sank, then this is 645 km west of the island called Newfoundland. By the way, the exact location of the wreck of the Titanic was only found out in 1985. 2012 marked the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic. It was the first and last voyage of the Titanic.

9. The place of the death of the Titanic has the coordinates: 41 degrees 46 minutes north latitude and 50 degrees 14 minutes west longitude.

10. The Titanic sank off the coast of Canada on its very first voyage on April 14, 1912. Coordinates: 41°43min.55 sec. sowing lat. 49°56 min. 45 sec. app. duty. The sinking of the Titanic impressed and continues to impress - the famous film Titanic only fueled interest in the disaster.

11. The Titanic sank in the North Atlantic on April 14, 1912. The exact coordinates of the place of his shipwreck: 41 degrees 46 minutes north latitude and 50 degrees 14 minutes west longitude. On this event, director James Cameron even made the film "Titanic".

12. The expedition was able to determine the exact place where the remains of the Titanic liner are located only in 1985. The Titanic is located at a depth of 3925 meters in the Atlantic Ocean, 375 miles from the island of Newfoundland.

© site
© Moscow-X.ru

.

At the time of construction, the Titanic was considered the largest passenger liner in the world. During the first flight from Southampton to New York on April 14, 1912. The Titanic collided with an iceberg and sank after 2 hours and 40 minutes. There were 1,316 passengers and 908 crew members on board, for a total of 2,224 people. Of these, 711 people were saved, 1513 died.

Scientists have managed to recreate the most complete map of the site of the Titanic tragedy. 130,000 photographs taken by robots in the depths of the Atlantic Ocean were used. The map shows the wreckage of the ship and things scattered over 15 square miles.

The remains of the Titanic were found on September 1, 1985, 13 miles from the place where, according to preliminary information, it sank at a depth of 3,800 m.

Due to the fact that the stern and bow parts of the vessel did not sink at the same time and now lie at a distance of 1970 feet from each other, the area around for 3-5 miles is littered with debris from the ship.

A detailed image could shed light on what happened after the "unsinkable" liner hit an iceberg and sank.

"If we want to investigate the site of the sinking of the Titanic from the testimony of those who survived, we must understand the nature and physical condition of what still lies at the bottom," said David Gallo, leader of the expedition to investigate the sinking of the ship.

This is not the first time the crash site has been mapped. The first attempts began shortly after the sunken liner was discovered. The researchers used photographs taken by remotely controlled cameras that did not venture far from the bow and stern.

Thus, all previous maps are incomplete and cover only fragments of the disaster area.

Creation of a detailed map of the wreckage began in the summer of 2010 as part of a project aimed at "virtual recreation of the Titanic" and preserving its legacy for all time.

During the expedition, autonomous submersibles surveyed the accessible surface thanks to side-scan sonar. The wreckage was then captured by remote control vehicles equipped with cameras.

As a result, 130,000 high-resolution photographs were collected on a computer to present a detailed map of the Titanic and the surrounding seabed.

"The images are amazing. You're on the bottom of the ocean and you're moving along the sea floor. Even the survivors of the Titanic are looking at it with their jaws dropped," Gallo said.

The new data will be detailed in a two-hour documentary on the History channel on April 15, exactly 100 years after the sinking of the Titanic.

During the show, thanks to computer simulations, a dive in the opposite direction will be reproduced. In a virtual hangar, the remains of the Titanic will be lifted to the surface and assembled into a ship.

Particular attention was paid to the piles of rubble. Oceanographers from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in the US state of Massachusetts and US weather service NOAA provided support to the researchers. Now the History Channel will present the results to the public.

Now computer simulations, which are based on photographs, should show the exact course of events during this historical disaster. Perhaps new data will be received on defects in the design of this huge ship, which was considered a marvel of technology.