Presentation on geography of south america. Geography presentation on the topic "South America"

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BRASILIA

Savior statue in Rio de Janeiro

Machu Picchu Cartagena Potosi Nazca Cusco Tiahuanaco San Luis Ogliamtaytambo Urumamba Colca South America

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MACHU - PICCHU

It is located at an altitude of 2430 meters above sea level, on Mt. extraordinary beauty, in the middle of a mountain rainforest. Machu Picchu is perhaps the most amazing urban structure of the Inca Empire. Archaeologists discovered this city in the summer of 1911. Its area is approximately 5 square km. Inside it are warehouses, churches, an observatory and the residence of the legendary Inca ruler Pachacuti. It is estimated that at least a thousand people lived in the city.

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CITY OF CARTAGENA

This locality Columbia is famous for the fact that in 1586 it was plundered by an English flotilla, which was controlled by a pirate who later became an English lord, Sir Francis Drake. The port fortifications were completely destroyed. Later, residents rebuilt them, mixing bull's blood into the solution for strength. Today, the old quarters of Cartagena are a single historical monument from the time of the colonial conquest of the mainland by the Spaniards.

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In the center of the city there is a bastion, in the prison of which captured pirates languished. On Artillery Square there is a 17th-century temple, the tower of which is twisted. There is also the Palace of the Inquisition and a monument to Christopher Columbus. The Alley of Martyrs commemorates those citizens who died in the war to liberate the country from colonialism.

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The city flourished during the first half XVII century, when more people lived in it than in London itself! Over these half a century, the Spaniards exported 16 thousand tons of silver to Europe from this locality! The phrase “Rich as Potosi” became a proverb. When the reserves of the precious metal in the mines dried up, the city fell into decay.

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Nowadays it has turned into a museum under open air. Tourists are attracted by visiting the Mint, where shiny doubloons with portraits of Spanish kings and Mount Sierra Rico were minted, from the top of which, according to legend, the great revolutionary of South America Simon Bolivar proclaimed the independence of these places from the Spanish crown.

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SAVIOR STATUE IN RIO DE JANEIRO

This grandiose stone sculpture, raised almost a kilometer high, stands in Rio de Janeiro on the steep Corcovado hill. It appeared as a result of a general Brazilian open competition for the best monument that would express the idea of ​​the unity of the nation. It was won by a simple man, Hector da Silva-Costa, who proposed to sculpt the figure of Christ the Savior. On October 12, 1931, the grand opening of the monument, authored by the French sculptor Paul Landowski, took place.

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CITY OF TIAHUANACO

It is located in Bolivia - on lands that once belonged to the Incas. But it is believed that this settlement was founded long before them. The city walls are made of huge stone blocks, as if they were the work of giants. This is also hinted at by the majestic statues of people made of stone, towering next to the fortress.

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NAZCA DESERT

This plateau in Peru is located between the valleys of the Nazca and Ingenio rivers, 450 km from the city of Lima. There is a majestic historical monument there, the purpose of which has not yet been revealed. An area of ​​500 square kilometers is covered with giant, up to 300 meters in length, images of people and animals, lines, spirals and geometric shapes. The size of some of them is several tens of meters. And it is only possible to appreciate the work of an unknown artist from a bird's eye view.

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SALVADOR

This is the most ancient city Brazil. It was founded on November 1, 1501 famous traveler Amerigo Vespucci. It is not only an important economic center of the country, but also the heart of Brazilian culture. The most famous temples are located on Praça de Se. In the 17th century, a large Catholic cathedral was built here, the altar of which is decorated with gold leaf. Next to the temple there is another church - San Francisco, the material for which was exported from Portugal. The church of La Concei-san de Praia, dedicated to Our Lady, which local residents consider their patroness, is also especially revered in Salvador.

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CITY OF BRASILIA

This is the third capital of the state of Brazil. The city was founded on April 1, 1960 on the Cerrado plateau. It is considered an architectural wonder of Latin America. The author of the houses located in the central quarters of the capital was the most famous architect of the second half of the 20th century, Oscar Niemeyer.

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The general plan of the city was developed by another brilliant architect - Luisio Costa. From above, Brasilia resembles the figure of an airplane. The buildings of the Government, the National Congress and the Supreme Court were built on its “nose”. The most impressive temple in this city is the Catholic Cathedral, which Niemeyer gave unusual shape crown of thorns

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Another feature of Brazil is the lack of sidewalks and a limited number of pedestrian crossings. Half a century ago it was believed that this settlement was a prototype of the cities of the 21st century, strictly subordinated to one architectural idea. However, now this orderliness seems somewhat monotonous to modern people.

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HISTORICAL CENTER OF SAN LUIS

The city center, which was built by the French in the 17th century, then occupied by the Dutch, and was ruled by the Portuguese, was built according to a perpendicular street structure. Due to the period of economic stagnation at the beginning of the 20th century, most of the buildings of interest as historical monuments, has survived to this day. It is a striking example of colonial architecture

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OLIAMTAYTAMBO

This is the only Inca city that is still inhabited. Opposite the giant staircase in the rocks you can see the nature-carved face of the supreme creator god Viracocha. According to one legend, it was here that the first Incas woke up in caves (according to another, this happened on the Island of the Sun of Lake Titicaca). At the top of the Olyamtaytambo pyramid there is a huge array of 7 stone monoliths, carefully polished and fitted to each other. Judging by the stone processing technique, it can be assumed that craftsmen from another great empire, Tiahuanaco (present-day Bolivia), worked here. The side valley, extending from Ollantaytambo into the mountains, is very rich in various kinds of ruins and Inca objects. Later, the Spaniards turned the city into a fort.

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URUMAMBA

28 km from Cusco, at the foot of the majestic snow-capped Chicon peak, lies the Urubamba Valley. It is protected on all sides by mountains and has a warm, mild climate, which has a beneficial effect on both human health and the yield of fruits and vegetables.

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CITY OF LIMA

This city of 7 million people is located at the foot of the Andes on the shores of the Pacific Ocean. It was founded by the Spaniards in 1535. Lima's main historical attractions are associated with the colonial period. Tourists are invited to visit main square– Plaza de Armas (Square of Arms), San Francisco Monastery and its underground catacombs, Acho bullring, Descalzos Monastery, Rimac quarter, Cathedral with the tomb of the conqueror of Peru Francisco Pizarro and the Government Palace.

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Lima's main historical attractions are associated with the colonial period. Tourists are invited to visit the main square - Plaza de Armas (Square of Weapons), the San Francisco monastery and its underground catacombs, the Acho bullring, the Descalsos monastery, the Rimac quarter, the Cathedral with the tomb of the conqueror of Peru Francisco Pizarro and the Government Palace.

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In the north of Arequipa in the upper reaches of the Colca River, famous for its rapids, among deep canyons is the Kolka Valley. The local population has been farming for many centuries and, thanks to the mild climate, reaps rich harvests. To preserve the harvest, unique ancient prototypes of refrigerators are used - “colcas”, which gave the name to this valley.

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CUSCO CITY

Translated from the Quechua Indian language, Cusco means “navel of the earth.” To this day, 500 years after the Spaniards arrived here, the city of Cusco remains a crossroads of two cultures. Cusco has a rich colonial past with many churches, such as the Church of La Compagnie and the Monastery of La Merced. The area around San Vlas, which is home to many artists and craftsmen, has not changed for hundreds of years. The foundations of the houses, masterfully finished by the famous Inca stonemasons, have survived to this day. Red tiled roofs and cobbled streets add a unique flavor to this ancient city.

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Cusco has a rich colonial past with many churches, such as the Church of La Compagnie and the Monastery of La Merced. The area around San Vlas, which is home to many artists and craftsmen, has not changed for hundreds of years. The foundations of some houses, skillfully finished by the famous Inca stonemasons, are still preserved in the city itself and outside it in the surrounding ruins. Red tiled roofs and cobbled streets add a unique flavor to this ancient city.

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South America Compiled by: Starkova Natalia Vadimovna MDOU No. 18 “Teremok” NMR

South America is a continent located in the Southern and Western Hemispheres. It is surrounded from the west by the Quiet, and from the east Atlantic Oceans. This land is rich in stunning natural beauty, it keeps the secrets of ancient civilizations, colorful peoples and tribes lost in the jungle live here.

Everyone knows the fact that America was discovered by Columbus in 1492. But it got its name in honor of the navigator from Florence Amerigo Vespucci. It was he who first suggested that the lands found were not India, but the New World.

From the heights of the foot of the Statue of Christ, a breathtaking view of Rio de Janeiro and its surroundings opens. Statue of Christ on Mount Corcovado in Rio. de Janeiro- This business card Brazil. Her height is 38m and her arm span is 28m.

The largest country in South America is Brazil. It is famous for its magnificent carnivals

In 1541, the Spaniard Francisco Orellana discovered the longest and deepest river in the world - the Amazon. The length of the river is almost 7000 km.

The Colombian river Caño Cristales is considered one of the most beautiful and unusual in the whole world. Gives it uniqueness a large number of colorful algae. Like red, yellow and green threads, they fill the pond with amazing shades.

Catatumbo Lightning - a natural phenomenon, occurring above the confluence of the Catatumbo River into Lake Maracaibo The phenomenon is expressed in the occurrence of many lightning strikes continuously over a long period of time, mainly at night and with strong variations depending on the time of year

South America is rich in waterfalls. The most powerful and full-flowing waterfalls are located on the border of Brazil and Argentina. This fantastic complex of Iguazu Falls is considered one of the seven natural wonders of the world.

Angel is the name of the tallest waterfall in the world. It is located in the South American country of Venezuela. The height of the waterfall is more than 1000 meters. This miracle of nature is located in hard to reach places, so not everyone may be lucky enough to see it.

The Hand of Atacama The sculpture is located in the Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth. The hand is installed at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level, and its actual height is eleven meters. The sculpture is intended to show the vulnerability and helplessness of man.

Off the coast of this continent is the natural lighthouse Itzalco (or Izalco), known to sailors all over the world. In fact, it is a volcano, about 2 kilometers high. Every 8 minutes, magma pours out here and a 300-meter column of smoke rises. The reliability of such a beacon has been tested by the continuous 200-year operation of the volcano.

The amaranth tree has massive roots that provide it with support, especially during extreme storms and floods.

Puya plant. It grows at altitudes of approximately 4000 meters. This giant grass grows up to 10 meters high and has thousands of flowers and millions of seeds. However, it takes no less than 150 years to bloom, which makes its flowers the slowest to bloom. Moreover, after flowering, the plant dies.

South America is home to the world's largest beetles (woodcutter beetles)

The most poisonous frogs live here. Red-backed poison frog Spotted dart frog Bicolored phyllomedusa

Habitat of the smallest monkeys (marmosets)

the largest butterflies (Agrippina butterfly) the most dangerous fish (piranha)

Anaconda - the name of this creature inspires horror among many residents of both South America and the whole world. If it were just the largest snake on the planet, but the anaconda is also the most voracious snake that can swallow even a caiman crocodile, what can we say about a person? Although... Anaconda is not poisonous at all.

The capybara is a mysterious animal. The trick of the capybara is that this animal periodically lives either in water or on land.

Indigenous Indian tribes still live in the highlands of Peru and Bolivia.

It is a massive continent, expanding to the north and narrowing to the south. It contains the most damp place on the ground. The nature of this continent is diverse. The Andes mountain ranges stretch throughout west coast. On their slopes, the rains pour out so much water per year that, without draining, it could cover the ground with a layer of up to 15 meters. This is the rainiest continent. But not far from the mountains is the Atacama Desert. This is one of the driest places on Earth: not a single drop of rain falls there for years. On the territory of South America flows the most big river Amazon lands. VegetationAttractionsAnimals

The main wealth of the mainland vegetable world. He gave humanity such valuable crops as potatoes, chocolate trees, and Hevea rubber plants. The main decoration of the mainland is tropical rainforests, where various types of palm trees, melon tree, and ceiba grow. The crowns of trees, grasses, and shrubs are arranged in 12 tiers, with the highest of them sometimes rising above the ground up to 100 m. For a naturalist, the forests of South America are a real storeroom that one can only dream of, Dreamland! AnimalsSights Home

This is one of the largest trees in South America. It reaches 3045 m in height, the trunk diameter is 12 m. Brazil nut lives up to 500 years or more. Its large spherical fruits, the size of a small melon, are used to obtain edible and technical grades of oils. The juice of the nut is used as food, and wax is also obtained from it, which is used for candles. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

These are low trees with shiny and thick leaves with inedible fruits. Locals The juice of this plant is consumed as milk. But it flows out of the tree quite slowly: 1 liter of juice flows out of one cut in 1 hour. In addition, this drink must be consumed immediately, as it spoils quickly. When the juice is boiled, wax is released on its surface, which is used to make candles and chewing gum. In addition, the wood from these trees is perfect as a building material. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

This is a fairly large tree, up to m in height, and a fast-growing tree, the appearance of which is somewhat reminiscent of an ordinary oak. The bark is gray, smooth. Breadfruit bears up to 200 fruits per season. These fruits are the staple food for residents tropical islands. They are eaten fried, baked, and boiled. This food tastes like a cross between potatoes and bread. And the fried fruit breadfruit looks like fresh bread. Hence the name. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

Cocoa is a large tree. Reaches a height of 12 m. The fruit of the tree is cm long and resembles a large cucumber or an elongated melon; Fully matures in four months. The fruit contains almond-shaped seeds (cocoa beans) immersed in a sticky liquid that hardens into a whitish pulp when exposed to air. Cocoa beans are the main raw material for the production of chocolate and cocoa powder. Mexican Indians peeled the roasted seeds from the shell, boiled them in water, ground them, added cornmeal, flavored them with vanilla and whipped them into foam. The frozen mass was eaten cold and called “chocolatl.” VegetationAnimalsSights Home

In South America you rarely see a large animal. Sloths, armadillos, anteaters, exotic birds, snakes, countless hordes of insects are the basis of the animal world of this continent. The Amazon rivers are dangerous, they abound with crocodiles and predatory fish piranhas. VegetationSights Home

His height is small, his whole body is covered with a shell, or armor. This armor consists of separate shields fused together. It covers the head, back and tail, leaving only the belly exposed. The armadillo lives in burrows and feeds on worms, insects, fruits and leaves. And in their absence, it destroys bird nests and readily eats mice and snakes. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

The sloth lives high in the canopy of tropical trees. During the day, he usually hangs on a branch with his back down, clinging to it with his fingers. A harmless animal. His method of defense is to remain undetected. At night, he slowly moves along the tree, barely moving his paws, and with his hard, keratinized lips he picks off leaves, flowers, and fruits—this is his food. Drinks dew. The baby is born alone to the mother and at first hangs on her back, tightly grasping the fur with its paws. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

These are the smallest birds in the world. Hummingbirds hardly walk on the ground: they have very weak legs, but they flap their wings very quickly: only a light cloud is visible near their body and a faint noise is heard. The hummingbird's heart is three times larger than its stomach and takes up half the size of the bird's interior. During the day, these crumbs eat three times more food than they weigh themselves. Their body weight is 2-3 grams. Hummingbirds can instantly change direction of flight and hang in the air like bumblebees. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

The tarantula spider is a formidable predator. Lives alone. It makes a hole for itself in cracks between stones, among branches, in hollows, in the ground and entwines it with cobwebs. At night it sits at the edge of the hole, hiding, and guards its prey. Tarantulas weigh up to 100 g and their length reaches 10 cm. These are scary, shaggy spiders. Their brittle hairs hurt more than their bite. They catch small snakes, lizards, frogs, and birds. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

In terms of picturesqueness, the palm belongs to Iguazu Falls. In the language of the Paraguayan Indians, "Iguazu" means " big water" The river descends in two giant leaps. The first jump from a 30-meter height onto a gentle threshold, overflows over it and, making a second jump 50 meters high, collapses into the abyss. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

Machu Picchu - secret city ancient Incas, located in Peru. Translated from the Quechua language it means “great peak”. It is also called “the city in the sky” or “the city among the clouds”. Machu Picchu is located at the top mountain range at an altitude of 2057 meters above the Urubamba River valley. According to Indian legends, the supreme rulers of the Inca Empire lived in Machu Picchu. Today, all that remains of the ancient palaces are walls made of volcanic stone. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

This completely white valley seems like a snowy desert to those who see it for the first time. But this is not so: sometimes the air temperature here rises to +45C. The soil of this desert is practically lifeless. In some places you can find low dunes on which rare trees and shrubs grow. Looking around the white desert, thoughts of the seabed involuntarily come to mind. But geologists are quite skeptical about this kind of assumption: the climate in the desert is too dry, and there is too little precipitation here. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

The sculpture of Jesus Christ in Rio De Janeiro (Brazil) is one of the Seven Wonders modern world. The length of the statue is 38 meters and it is located on the peak of Mount Corsovado at an altitude of 710 m in the Tijuca forest - National Park, towering over the city. As a powerful symbol of Christianity, the statue also became a symbol of the city. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with an area of ​​18.13 million km², most of which is located in the Southern Hemisphere. South America is located between Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean The fauna of South America is distinguished by its exceptional richness and diversity of forms. About 1/4 of all bird species live in South America globe, which is 2.5 times more than in the Palearctic. The diversity of modern natural conditions is the first prerequisite that determines the richness of the fauna of South America. Uakari are small monkeys. Their body length is 45-48 cm, and their bushy tail is a third of the whole body. They are the only short-tailed monkeys in South America. They live in the forests of the Amazon, in the crowns of tall trees. They almost never go down to the ground. Their fur is soft, long, and silky. The ocelot is a feline predator. A very rare animal, listed in the Red Book. It is 1 meter in size and has a tail of 40 cm. It lives on the forest slopes of the Andes, at an altitude of up to 4 km. Found at the very edge of the snow, the Capybara is the largest rodent in the world. His body is covered with stiff bristles. There are swimming membranes on the fingers: the capybara swims and dives well. Lives along the banks of rivers, where there is tall grass. Eats aquatic plants.. Chinchilla is a rodent with soft, thick and durable hair. This is a small animal with the habits of a rabbit. Lives on the border of Peru and Chile, at an altitude of 3-6 km, in rock crevices. The maned wolf is a relative of the dog. Lives in the pampas and on the outskirts of swamps, among tall grass. Hunts birds, small animals, insects. Eats fruits and other vegetation. The Andean condor is a huge bird: its wingspan is slightly less than 3 m. It lives in the mountains, at an altitude of up to 5 thousand m, and sometimes higher. Condors live in flocks, but when it comes time to have chicks, they pair up. The manatee is an aquatic animal of the tropics and subtropics. His flippers have flat hoof nails. With their help, the manatee crawls along the bottom and turns over from side to side. It can grasp aquatic plants between its flippers and bring them to its mouth. The mother is very attached to her baby: she hugs him to herself with her flippers and does not leave, even if she herself is in danger. Tropical rainforests - selva unique ecosystem of South America Climate in rain forest the smoothest on the planet and does not change at different times of the year. Up to 150 species of woody plants can be found in the selva on two to three hectares. Unfortunately, forests in the Amazon are now being intensively cut down. Invaluable milky juice of the Brazilian Hevea Invaluable milky juice of the Brazilian Hevea is the main source of natural rubber. If it weren’t for him, scientists would have been looking for ways to make such an irreplaceable material like rubber for a long time. The bottle tree is characteristic of tropical woodlands in the north-east. Brazilian plateau. The trunks of some of them are several meters across. The leaf of the amazing Amazon flower Victoria regia can support a child weighing up to 35 kg. Russian botanist Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (1923-1933), during his expeditions to the mainland, established that the birthplace of plants such as beans, tomatoes, peanuts, pineapple and potatoes is South America. Equatorial forests are replaced by tall grass palm savannas. On the plowed lands of the savannas, not only the plants already mentioned above are grown, but also bananas (2/3 of the world's harvest), the homeland of which is India).