Let's look at all existing categories of Russian trains and types of cars, and also find out how an even number of a train differs from an odd number, why they put a letter in the train number, which are the most comfortable cars that run on domestic railways.

Purpose and categories of passenger trains

Passenger train is a train consisting of passenger cars used to transport people, as well as luggage, mail and some cargo. In addition to intercity trains, there are also suburban passenger trains (electric trains, express trains) and intracity trains (metropolitan, trams).

There are several classifications of categories of passenger trains:

1. By frequency of movement:

• on demand;
• seasonal;
• year-round.

2. By frequency:

• everyday;
• next by even or odd numbers;
• following on certain days of the week;
• following by specific numbers.

3. By range:

• suburban (up to 200 km);
• distant

4. By speed:

• passenger: up to 50 km/h;
• ambulances: at least 50 km/h;
• speed: 100-200 km/h, depending on the section.

5. By level of service:

• branded (branded is a high-speed passenger train that has its own style and name);
• increased comfort;
• without additional services.

Train numbering

The passenger train is numbered depending on its category:

Many people have probably wondered why a passenger train goes in one direction with an odd number, and vice versa in the other? Everything is explained simply - if the train moves from north to south or from east to west, it is odd, and if from west to east or from south to north, it is even. If the entire route is not built entirely according to these standards, then its numbering changes along the way in accordance with the passage of these directions. Only trains from the Russian northern capital do not fall under this rule - mostly odd-numbered trains leave the city.

You can also notice that a letter is added to the three-digit train number. This is done only because there are not enough three-digit combinations for all the trains running. Moreover, in order to avoid confusion and confusion among passengers, trains meeting each other on the way are not given designations that differ only in one letter, for example, 222a and 222g.

Types of passenger cars

The largest and most important part of a passenger train is the carriages. They also have their own classification:

We will be glad if the article helped you refresh your knowledge, or if with its help you learned something new about the passenger train.

Trains and carriages. When purchasing a train ticket, please note that each carriage belongs to a particular class. They are designated as 2K, 2L, 1S, 3E, etc. The essence of the designation is to show the passenger the type of carriage (reserved seat, coupe, luxury, etc.) and an approximate list of services that should be provided in it.

The details depend on the carrier - each of them implies its own nuances by the class of the car. Most Russian trains are formed by the Federal Passenger Company (JSC FPC), and in general the principles are the same. Therefore, below the marking of wagons is explained according to the FPC standards with individual additions from other carriers.

Categories of passenger trains

Categories of passenger trains vary depending on the following factors: 1. Travel range Passenger trains are divided into long-distance and suburban (up to 200 km, JSC FPC does not service them) depending on the distance and travel conditions. 2. Travel speed

There are high-speed, express and passenger trains:

• high-speed passenger trains must have a route speed of at least 91 km/h with permissible speeds in the range of 141-200 km/h;
• fast passenger trains must have a route speed from 50 km/h to 91 km/h;
• passenger trains have a route speed of less than 50 km/h.

3. Regularity of movement

Passenger trains are divided into year-round, seasonal and single-use trains. 4. Frequency of movement

Passenger trains are divided into daily, every other day (on odd or even dates), and following by day of the week or day of the month.

5. Level of service provided

Passenger trains with high-quality service and a wide range of services are assigned the branded category. Trains served by multiple unit rolling stock are divided into luxury trains and trains without additional services.

Numbering

The trains of the carrier JSC FPC are numbered as follows:

Types of passenger cars:

All carriages of JSC FPC trains are equipped with a heating system (operates in winter, preserved for summer). Depending on the class of service, the carriages can be equipped with dry closets, air conditioning (work in the summer, preserved for the winter), they can provide additional paid services , included in the fare.

The following types of passenger cars run on JSC FPC passenger trains:

On locomotive traction:

Luxury carriages

The carriages have several varieties: with six compartments per carriage, with five and with four. The carriages, which have four compartments, are equipped with a lounge bar.

The compartment of a luxury class carriage is 1.5 times larger than the standard one in a carriage with six compartments and 2 times larger in a carriage with four compartments. The compartment has 2 sleeping places: a sofa that transforms into a single bed 120 cm wide, and an upper shelf 90 cm wide. The compartment has an armchair and a folding table.

Each compartment has an individual bathroom with a washbasin, a vacuum toilet, which functions even during stops, and a shower (in a carriage with four compartments there is a shower). The floor in the bathroom is heated.

The compartment of the luxury class carriage is equipped with an individual air conditioning system, a TV, a DVD player and a radio.

SV cars

These are carriages with 2-seater compartments. Soft shelves for lying, in the car there are from 16 to 20 seats. Linen is always included in the fare, all carriages are air-conditioned. Marked as 1st class.

• 1B - business class. The ticket price includes drinks, food, newspapers, hygiene items, etc. The price is indicated for a whole compartment, in which 1 adult passenger travels. You can take small pets with you.
• 1E - the same as 1B, but you can buy one seat in a compartment, rather than buying it out entirely.
• 1U - additional services are not included in the ticket price (except for bed linen), but the level of comfort corresponds to first class. Animals are allowed.
• 1L - SV car. Additional services are not included in the ticket price; air conditioning is assumed, but there may not be a dry closet. Bed linen is included in the ticket price, pets are allowed.
• If the carrier is ZAO TKS, then class 1B “Business TK” carriage includes dinner and breakfast, drinks, sanitary and hygiene kit, slippers, printed publications, and bedding. The carriage is air-conditioned, there are dry toilets and a hygienic shower. Each compartment has 2 TVs and individual sockets, a safe.

Compartment carriages

The compartment passenger car has 9 four-seater compartments, 2 toilets with washbasins.

Each compartment has two upper and lower shelves, a table, a mirror on the compartment door, clothes hangers, and space for hand luggage.

More than 150 trains operate compartment cars with specialized compartments for passengers with disabilities.

MIKST cars

These are cars that have the characteristics of two types of cars (“Lux” and SV or SV and compartment).

Second-class carriages

These are cars with places to lie down, 52 or 54 shelves per car. Usually designated as class 3.

• 3E - reserved seat carriage with air conditioning and dry closet.
• 3T - the carriage is air-conditioned, there may be no dry closet.
• 3D - the carriage has air conditioning. The presence of a dry closet is not guaranteed. Transport of animals is permitted.
• 3U - similar to 3D, but the presence of air conditioning is not guaranteed.
• 3L - air conditioning and dry closet are not provided.
• If the carrier is ZAO TKS, then the class 3U carriage is expected to have air conditioning and dry closets. There are sockets in each compartment, video surveillance works. Passengers are provided with an amenity kit and bed linen. Animals are not allowed.

Coupe

The carriage is divided into closed compartments with 4 shelves each. In total there are from 32 to 40 seats in the carriage. Marked as 2nd class. The price of a compartment ticket always includes bed linen.

• 2E - air-conditioned luxury car with 4-seater compartments. The ticket price includes food, newspapers, and a sanitary kit. You can travel with pets. There is a dry toilet in the carriage.
• 2E - in double-decker trains - similar to 2E in regular trains, but a hygiene kit and press are not provided.
• 2B - similar to 2E, but the presence of a dry closet is not guaranteed.
• 2K - air conditioning and dry closet in the carriage, pets can be transported. Additional services (except bed linen) are not included in the ticket price.
• 2U - similar to 2K, but the presence of a dry closet in the carriage is not guaranteed.
• 2L - no additional options, the fare only includes linen. The carriage may not have air conditioning or a dry closet. Pets can be transported.
• If the carrier is ZAO TKS, then the 2T carriage class includes dinner and breakfast, drinks, sanitary and hygiene kit, slippers, printed publications, and bedding. The carriages are air-conditioned, there are dry toilets and hygienic showers. The compartment has an LCD monitor, individual sockets, and sometimes a safe. You can choose a “men’s” or “women’s” coupe. Class 2L - meals are not included in the ticket price, otherwise the same as 2U.

General carriages

A carriage with seating. As a rule, reserved seat cars are used - 81 seats, sometimes compartment cars - 54 seats.

Cars with seating

Seated carriages (category C) are equipped with individual seats. At the same time, the conditions, convenience, and layout of the car can vary significantly, since both Sapsan and interregional cheap cars fall into this category. In the latter, they are increasingly trying to create the most comfortable conditions: folding tables, an outlet under each chair, etc.

• 1C, 2C, 3C - cars with such markings are found in a variety of trains (from high-speed to suburban “express” trains), and the conditions in each case are different. As a rule, classes 1 and 2 are air-conditioned (not guaranteed), class 3 is not. Additional services depend on the specific train. The class (and the fare, respectively) is determined by the number of seats in the car, the type of seats, etc.
• 1P - in a double-decker seated carriage, the seats in the compartment are marked this way (for example, seats 133, 134 on the train 045/046 Moscow - Voronezh). The ticket price includes food, newspapers, and hygiene kit. You can ask the conductor for a blanket.
• 1B is a carriage with individual accommodation, that is, all seats are purchased. The ticket price includes food, newspapers, and hygiene kit. You can ask the conductor for a blanket.
• 2P is a luxury car, equipped with air conditioning and a dry closet. The ticket price includes cold snacks.
• 2B, 3F - there may be no air conditioning, additional services are not included in the fare. Animals can be transported in carriages of this class. Please take this into account if the presence of animals may be an obstacle to travel for you, or if you yourself need to travel with a pet. Read more about transporting animals on trains.
• 2E is a seated carriage with air conditioning; the presence of a dry closet is not guaranteed.

Also on the trains there are double-decker compartment cars, SV cars and carriages with seats.

International carriages

In international traffic (except for the CIS and Baltic countries, China, Mongolia, North Korea), “Lux”, SV and compartment cars of RIC size run. Standard (as in domestic traffic) “Lux”, SV and compartment cars run to the CIS and Baltic countries, China, Mongolia, and North Korea.

In addition, Strizh trains operate on domestic and international routes. « with carriages (compartment carriages, carriages with seats, SV, “Lux”) produced by the TALGO company.

RIC cars

On international trains (Moscow - Berlin, Moscow - Paris, etc.) there may be carriages of a fundamentally different layout - carriages of RIC size. They are divided into compartments, each of which can be double or triple.

• 2-seater RIC carriages are similar in terms of conditions and markings to luxury class carriages.
• 3-seater RIC cars (class 2I) - three-seater compartments with vertical shelves. There is an armchair and a washbasin. Bed linen is included in the ticket price.

Motorized rolling stock

Multi-unit trains operate in interregional traffic « Lastochka" and other electric and diesel trains with seating.

The number of seats depends on the design of the car.

The fundamental difference between multi-unit rolling stock and locomotive-hauled trains is that all or some of the cars are equipped with engines intended for traction and cabins for transporting passengers; in a train with locomotive traction, the cars are not self-propelled.

Sapsan trains

All carriages are air-conditioned.

• 1P - compartment-meeting room, sold only as a whole. Drinks, leather chairs, a dressing room, a meeting room equipped with a projector and much more.
• 1B - just seats in a 1st class carriage, without a meeting room. All the amenities and service of the highest class "Sapsana".
• 1C - business class carriage. Armchairs and tables, wardrobes, footrests. High quality service. Sockets at each block of seats, drinks, hot meals a la carte, fresh newspapers, etc.
• 2C - seated economy class carriage. Seats at the table and not at the table, clothes hangers, space for luggage, headphones.
• 2B - class “Economic+” (car No. 10 and No. 20). It differs from economy class in that it is more spacious, there is a power outlet near each block of seats, a lunch box is included in the ticket price, and Wi-Fi is available.
• 2E - seats in the bistro car, the ticket price includes meals worth 2000 rubles from the menu. You can buy online on the day of departure and the next day.

• ambulances (“Swallow”);
• high-speed (“Swallow”, when the speed is less than 200 km/h);
• high-speed (“Sapsan” and “Allegro”, when the speed is more than 200 km/h).

Fast trains have a route speed of more than 50 km/h. High-speed and high-speed trains – more than 91 km/h.

Currently, the Directorate of High-Speed ​​Transport, a branch of JSC Russian Railways, carries out long-distance passenger transportation.

In suburban transport, the Directorate of High-Speed ​​Transport, a branch of JSC Russian Railways, is not a carrier and leases its rolling stock to suburban companies.

At the request of the State Unitary Enterprise “Moscow Metro”, it provides transport services for MCC passengers using electric trains “Lastochka” series (ES2G).

Car types:

The trains of the DOSS carrier include cars with seats (the number of seats depends on the design of the car). Passengers are offered several classes of service: compartment-meeting room; first class, business class, economy class, bistro cars.

Modern trains in Russia offer a huge selection of amenities, services and travel options - from standard seated carriages to comfortable luxury compartments, which have everything you need for a comfortable long journey. Depending on the category of train and the type of compartment, a passenger can count on a certain set of services and travel time. We will tell you in this article how Russian trains differ and what list of services they provide.

So, what types of passenger trains are there?

Branded

Branded trains are trains with increased comfort and excellent service, for example, an expanded menu in the restaurant, increased comfort of sleeping berths, luxury compartments and many other services that are highly appreciated by passengers accustomed to comfort. A special feature of branded trains is their unique interior design and their own staff uniform, which is not similar to the standard Russian Railways uniform. Basically, such a train includes compartments, reserved seats, SV and, of course, a dining car. Today there are about a hundred branded trains operating in Russia, including one of the first trains on the route St. Petersburg - Moscow called the “Red Arrow”.

Express

A high-speed train in Russia is considered to be a train capable of reaching speeds of up to 140 kilometers per hour. On average, such trains allow you to get to your destination 2-3 times faster than on other types of trains - for example, if a standard passenger train travels from St. Petersburg to Moscow for 10-11 hours, then a high-speed train takes only about 4 hours. Some of the most famous high-speed trains in Russia are “Allegro”, “Lastochka”, “Nevsky Express” and “”.

Ambulances

A passenger fast train differs from a regular train in that it stops only at large stations, bypassing small settlements. As a rule, fast trains operate on long routes, which is why they are especially popular among tourists who come to get to know all the beauties of Russia. The fast train has compartment cars, reserved seats, SV cars and one restaurant car. On average, a trip on such a train takes a third less time than on a regular passenger train, and costs only 10-15% more. By the way, it is for fast trains that the most convenient arrival time for passengers is selected.

Passenger

The passenger train stops at every station along the entire route, so it is extremely popular - many passengers travel from large cities to small towns, which are extremely difficult to reach by other means of transport (as well as by fast train, which often simply passes such stations). In terms of carriage configuration and level of comfort, a passenger train is no different from an express train.

Types and features of cars from the point of view of passenger accommodation

• Luxury

VIP-class carriages with a folding sofa bed about 120 cm wide, an upper bunk 90 cm wide, a table, an armchair, a luggage compartment, a shower and a dry closet. Also, for the convenience of the passenger, the compartment is equipped with air conditioning, a TV and DVD player, as well as free Wi-Fi. The price of a ticket to a luxury compartment includes clean linen, toiletries and sanitary items, snacks, drinks and entertainment literature (newspapers, magazines). You can only book a whole compartment, but either one or two adult passengers can travel.

The SV class coupe is designed for two adults, while the sleeping places can be located below each other or in two levels on one side to save space. Each SV compartment has a folding table, luggage compartment, door lock, radio and sleeping set. Toilet rooms are located at the beginning and end of the carriage.

• Coupe.

The standard compartment is designed for 4 passengers (two in the lower berths, two in the upper berths), luggage storage space is located under the lower berths. The compartment also has a folding table, radio, bed linen and towels, and toilets are located at both ends of the carriage. It is important to know that the top seats are always even and the bottom seats are odd (this is important when booking or purchasing tickets).

• Reserved seat.

In the reserved seat, the passenger compartments are partially separated by partitions without doors. Each compartment has six sleeping places, two of which are located above each other on one side of the through passage (and the lower place is transformed into a table with two chairs), four more with a separate folding table - on the other side of the passage (located in pairs opposite each other in two tiers). Luggage space is located under the lower bunks, and toilets are located at both ends of the carriage. An important point when booking: in a reserved seat carriage, all even-numbered seats are upper, and all odd-numbered seats are lower.

• Sedentary.

In a sedentary carriage, as a rule, the seats are arranged four in a row (two on either side of the through aisle). Just like on an airplane, the seats on a train can be first or second class. In first class carriages there are large gaps between the seats (which is convenient on a long journey) and passengers are offered food, drinks, newspapers and hygiene kits. In second class carriages, the distance between the seats is smaller, but there is air conditioning and you can order cold snacks, drinks, and newspapers for an additional fee.

To assign a number to a particular train, you must first understand its category. Each of them is allocated its own range of numbers:

1. Numbers 001 to 148 are allocated to fast trains with year-round service. There are a majority of them and they walk constantly throughout the country. For example, train number 31/32 "Vyatka" on the Moscow-Kirov-Moscow route or train 001/002 "Russia" on the Moscow-Vladivostok-Moscow route.

2. Numbers 151 to 178 are given to high-speed trains. Simply put, we are talking about “Peregrine Falcons” and “Swallows”.

3. Numbers 181 to 298 also belong to fast trains, but those that do not run all year round, but only during certain seasons. Typically in the summer or before the New Year holidays.

4. Numbers from 301 to 398 are assigned to passenger trains with year-round circulation in long-distance traffic.

5. Numbers 401 to 498 also belong to seasonal long-distance passenger trains.

6. Numbers from 501 to 598 are assigned to trains similar to the previous category for single-use trains, including for organized groups of passengers. On the way, they make a large number of stops and long stops at them. The same ones, more than once sung by folklore, “500-merry”.

7. Numbers from 601 to 698 are given to so-called “local” trains with a route of up to 700 km. An example is train No. 603 on the Moscow-Smolensk route. Numbers from 701 to 748 are assigned to service trains.

8. Numbers from 801 to 848 are given to accelerated trains / electric and diesel trains / operating on long-distance and local routes, but with increased comfort. Under the numbering of this range, in particular, there is an express train from Moscow to Orel No. 825, which makes only three stops along the way in just over four hours.

9. Numbers from 851 to 898 are assigned to express long-distance and local trains /electric and diesel trains/, where passengers are not provided with additional services along the route. Among these we can highlight train number 853/854 Moscow-Tver.

10. The last range - numbers from 901 to 998 - is allocated for postal and luggage /901-948/, cargo-passenger /951-968/, passenger /991-980/ and tourist trains /971-988/.

Here, it’s probably worth making a small remark and telling those who don’t know more about this rolling stock. Thus, freight-passenger trains are formed from passenger and freight cars in inactive areas with insignificant passenger flows. Mail and baggage trains are formed from mail and baggage cars, and people trains are intended to transport people by passenger cars included in freight trains. Tourist trains are formed from passenger cars of any type. As they say, every whim is for your money.

For regular commuter trains, number capacities from 6001 to 6998 are allocated, for fast commuter trains - from 7001 to 7398, and for suburban service trains - from 7481 to 7498. We hasten to rejoice those who are already tired: we have sorted out the first stage of train numbering.

Now let's see how to determine which train in a specific category to assign a number to. Here railway workers are guided by several rules. Firstly, the geographical factor - if the train runs from south to north or from west to east, then its number must be even. For example: No. 032 Moscow-Kirov, No. 030 Moscow-Kemerovo, No. 226 Adler-Murmansk, No. 140 Adler-Novosibirsk. If the train runs from north to south or from east to west, then it will have odd numbering. For example: No. 001 Vladivostok-Moscow, No. 009 Irkutsk-St. Petersburg, No. 029 Moscow-Kaliningrad. But the geographical factor may not always be the determining factor in train numbering. Sometimes it happens that a train may change direction along the way. In this case, for an odd-numbered train, the numbering may change upward during the trip to the nearest number. For example, it was No. 001 - became No. 002, for even in the opposite direction.

Train numbers are assigned in such a way that trains of the same number but different directions never meet at any station. Otherwise there would be real confusion. If we delve deeper into history, we can state that over the years of the existence of railways, the train numbering order has changed several times.

Thus, in 1929, the People's Commissariat of Railways adopted the first procedure for assigning numbers to passenger trains. Look how strikingly different it was from the current one:

1. Numbers from 001 to 008 were given to courier trains, that is, trains whose route speed exceeded 100 km/h and which were formed only from soft cars.

2. Numbers from 011 to 038 were assigned to fast trains. Numbers from 041 to 058 were assigned to postal trains.

3. Numbers from 061 to 078 - passenger numbers.

4. Numbers from 081 to 085 - for freight and passenger trains. Numbers from 101 to 895 were received by commuter trains.

5. Numbers 901 to 988 had so-called “labor” trains, formed to transport workers to their place of duty and back. Then the order of the numbers changed again. It included seasonal passenger, local passenger, tourist, and cargo-passenger trains, and when the Er-200 and Aurora appeared, a separate range appeared for high-speed trains.

That's probably all there is to the numbers. But if railroads used only numbers to identify trains, no three-digit numbers would suffice. Therefore, in the Express-3 system, letters are also assigned to each train, indicated by the fourth character after the number. Let's consider two trains - No. 002A Moscow-St. Petersburg, No. 002M Moscow-Vladivostok and No. 002Y Moscow-Kazan. The letters "A", "M" and "Y" stand for the branch of the Federal Passenger Company that formed the train.

Sometimes “native” letters may not be enough, and then railway workers can use “foreign” letters to specify the train. It is worth noting that there is no exact correspondence of all train letters to the letters assigned to the railways. The only exception in this case are trains coming from Ukraine: when choosing a letter for a train of Ukrainian formation, one of the “Ukrainian” letters “K”, “D”, “L”, “O”, “Sh”, “P” must be used ". For trains traveling to Ukraine, any other letter is used.

Thus, the “alphabet” presented below is most likely approximate. So, letters for identifying trains: A - Oktyabrskaya /RZD/ B - Belorusskaya /Belarus/ C - South-Eastern /RZD/ D - Gorkovskaya /RZD/ D - Donetsk /Ukraine/ E - Sverdlovskaya /RZD/ F - Privolzhskaya /RZD / I - East Siberian /RZD/ Y - Kuibyshevskaya /RZD/ K - South-Western /Ukraine/ L - Lvov /Ukraine/ M - Moscow /RZD/ N - West Siberian /RZD/ O - South /Ukraine/ P - Pridneprovskaya /Ukraine/ R - Latvian /Latvia/ S - North Caucasian /RZD/ C - Kazakhstan /Kazakhstan/ U - South Ural /RZD/ H - Transbaikal /RZD/ W - Odessa /Ukraine/ S - Krasnoyarsk /RZD / b - Moldavian /Moldova/ E - Far Eastern /RZD/ I - Northern /RZD/.

Lecture No. 2 (1 hour). Types of transportation and classification of trains

Target: study of the classification of passenger trains, passenger train compositions, planning of passenger transportation.

Plan:

1. Types of transportation and classification of trains.

2. Problems of updating the passenger car fleet.

The transition to market relations places additional demands on the organization of passenger traffic. Among the main functions of passenger rail transport, such important activities as a comprehensive study of the market for transport services to the population and the demand for passenger transportation and related services have been added. Without this, it is impossible to plan a wide range of transport services and services that would ensure the effective development of railways. Only on the basis of marketing research can the most appropriate plan for the formation and effective schedule of trains and train turnover, as well as measures to stimulate the sale of their products and services, increase the number of consumers and their effective demand, be developed.

To ensure its competitive position in the market, each railway transport enterprise must achieve high production profitability by increasing labor productivity and reducing product prices.

With the decline in effective demand for transportation in conditions of economic instability, the question of the magnitude of passenger flows, which are necessary as initial data for developing a plan for the formation and schedule of trains. The necessary forecast of passenger flows can be carried out by multiplying the actual passenger flow (taking into account the unmet demand for transportation) for the same period last year by coefficients reflecting the main trends of passengers to increase or decrease the number of their trips.

There are the following types of messages when transporting passengers: direct– within two or more roads; local– between stations of the same railway; suburban– within suburban areas adjacent to large populated areas.

Depending on the travel distance, passenger trains are divided into three categories:

Long-distance – following at a distance of over 700 km;

Local – distance from 150 to 700 km;

Suburban – distance up to 150 km.

Depending on the speed, conditions and comfort of the trip, long-distance and local trains are divided into fast, high-speed and passenger. Ambulances(including high-speed) trains have the highest route speed due to the fewer number of stops and their shorter duration. These trains are made up of the most comfortable cars, providing the greatest convenience for passengers; they are appointed on the main highways between major cities.

The maximum running speed of fast trains is 140 km/h. trains traveling at speeds over 140 km/h are classified as high-speed or high-speed trains.

High-speed trains running on specialized lines reach speeds of up to 300 km/h or more. For example, on the Paris-Lyon line the record speed was 515 km/h.

Passenger trains They circulate between large populated areas, serve passenger flows not covered by fast trains, and have a lower route speed due to the large number of stops and somewhat lower technical speed. In those sections where there is no suburban traffic, passenger trains stop not only at local stations, but also at intermediate stations.

Purpose and categories of passenger trains

Passenger trains are divided according to destination
Passenger	From passenger fleet cars for transporting passengers, luggage and mail.
Postal and luggage	From carriages of the passenger and freight fleet for the transportation of mail, luggage and cargo luggage; in areas where the circulation of passenger trains is not provided, mail and luggage trains may include separate passenger cars for the transport of passengers.
Cargo-passenger	From freight and passenger fleet cars for transporting goods and passengers in areas with little activity.
Human	Freight trains containing at least 10 carriages occupied by people.
Passenger trains are divided according to their travel distance
Distant	Following at a distance of over 700 km
Local	Next at a distance of 150 to 700 km
Suburban	Next at a distance of up to 150 km
Passenger trains are divided according to their speed
High-speed passenger	They have a route speed of at least 85 km/h (with a permissible speed of 141-200 km/h). Parking for these trains is provided only at stations for technical operations, as well as in republican, regional and regional centers.
Ambulances	Must have a route speed of at least 50 km/h. It must be at least 5 km/h greater than the route speed of the fastest passenger in a given direction. Parking lots are provided at stations for performing technical operations, in republican, regional and regional centers, and, in agreement with ... the Republic of Kazakhstan, at certain other stations.
Passenger	Appointed to handle the remaining passenger traffic. They share: - by regularity of movement – year-round, summer and one-time use; - according to the frequency of movement – daily, following every other day (on even or odd numbers), on certain days of the week or days of the month; -according to the level of service provided branded trains with individual names are distinguished.

The number of long-distance and local trains includes branded trains, which have not only a number, but also a name, are distinguished by high comfort and culture of service (“Tulpar”, “Zhetisu”, etc.). Depending on the category of trains, their numbering is uniform across the railway network.

Numbering of passenger trains

Train numbers
	Ambulances all year round
	Express
	Passenger express
	Seasonal ambulances
	Passenger year-round service
	Passenger seasonal circulation
	Single purpose passenger
	Local communication
	Tourist
	Accelerated motor-car trains of increased comfort
	The same, without additional services
	Postal and luggage
	Cargo-passenger
	Suburban

Minor, steady flows of passengers are served by individual carriages or groups of carriages with direct direct service. From the departure station to the destination they travel with different trains, the schedules of which are agreed upon at the junction points for the exchange of cars. On routes where baggage and mail transportation is significant, special mail and baggage trains. They also include passenger cars. Lines with low traffic volumes operate freight-passenger trains, formed from carriages for passengers and cargo. The growth of business and cultural ties with foreign countries led to the development of non-stop international communications. Trains and the individual cars that serve them are called by trains and carriages of international traffic. Direct non-stop connections are provided with many countries in Europe and Asia.

Each passenger train is formed from a specific number of cars of a certain type. The composition of passenger trains of different categories is different. The number of cars in passenger trains, as a rule, ranges from 15 to 22 and depends on passenger traffic, train category and the length of passenger platforms. The specific arrangement of cars in a train is called scheme. Under composition understand the number of carriages of various types (soft, compartment, reserved seat, etc.) and the order of their placement in the train.

Train formation scheme indicated in the service timetable books for passenger trains. For trains of the same categories, it is advisable to use a unified scheme, which ensures the interchangeability of trains. In this case, the cars in the trains are arranged in groups according to type: at the head of the train are reserved seat cars, at the tail are compartment cars. This composition of the compositions allows them to be used in total turnover and at the same time ensure minimal shunting operations at the formation point.

The matching composition of the trains makes it possible to increase the train layout by adding cars from both the head and tail cars of the train. The use of passenger trains in the overall turnover ensures a reduction in the number of used trains. The train diagram indicates the serial number of the car, its purpose, and armor features. The content of information in the train diagram depends on the function of the unit. The information listed above is necessary at the station for processing travel documents. For passenger stations and carriage units, the side numbers of the carriages in the order of their location in the train are important.

To shorten leaving vacant seats from the departure station, places to the stencil change station are on free sale. The number of seats for all reservations must correspond to the capacity of the carriage. For soft (SV) cars, the capacity is 18 seats, for compartment cars - 36, for reserved seat cars - 54. On a number of roads, to improve the working conditions of conductors, they are provided with additional seats, so passengers are provided with 34 seats in a compartment carriage and 52 seats in a reserved seat carriage. Trainmaster reservation seats are not sold at ticket offices, so they are deducted from the scheme.

The work of allocating seats on trains, establishing variable stencils, and allocating reservation standards is carried out by the Road Bureau for the Allocation of Seats (ODB); The same bureaus of regional directorates (LBC) and stations (BRM) are subordinate to him.

According to the rules for the composition of long-distance trains, a soft car (SV) is placed in the middle of the train next to the dining car. Exceptions include branded trains.

Passenger train composition differs from the fast one in the number of compartment and large number of non-compartment carriages with common reserved seats and carriages with seats. On such a train, many passengers do not travel throughout its entire route, but enter and exit at stations located along the way, so the number of cars with sleeping berths can be reduced. For short distances with a trip duration of 6–8 hours (provided trains are laid during the daytime), trains of regional type cars with seating can be used.

Train capacity determined by the category of the passenger train, its mass and composition. The number of cars in the train also depends on the length of the passenger platforms.

Weight of compositions fast and passenger trains are currently installed up to 1000 tons (16-20 cars). For high-speed sections (140 - 160 km/h), the maximum weight of fast trains is, as a rule, 700 - 800 tons.