Yacht- any sailing, motor or sail-motor vessel intended for sporting or tourist purposes. The most common are sailing yachts. A sailing yacht has two main parts: the hull and the rig. The hull houses the yacht's crew and supplies. Armament refers to sails and all devices for setting and controlling sails.

Types of sailing yachts

Yachts of various types and sizes are used in sailing. Depending on the sailing conditions in a particular area, large or small yachts of one design or another are used.

There are two main criteria by which the type of yacht can be determined: purpose and sailing area; hull design and weapons.

Based on the first criterion, cruising and racing yachts are distinguished.

Main purpose racing yachts- sailing races over limited distances, so racing yachts are built to be extremely light. They are not strong enough for long voyages and do not have everyday amenities.

Cruising yachts They have a very durable construction and a maximum of household amenities. The main purpose is cruising and racing on the high seas at a great distance from the base.

Cruising and racing yachts- the most common type of yacht, combines the properties of the above mentioned yachts.

According to the design of the body.

Dinghy boat is one of the types of yachts. The dinghy has a shallow draft and relatively wide hull. In the middle of the hull there is a slot in which a flat (metal or wooden) retractable keel - centerboard - is placed. When there is no need for additional lateral resistance (for example, during tailwinds) or when passing through a shallow area, the centerboard can be raised and even completely retracted into the centerboard well. The stability of a dinghy (the ability of a vessel to return to its original position on the water with the masts straight up, after reducing the impact of any force that caused the deviation) is much less than that of a keelboat. Basically, the stability of the dinghy is ensured by the appropriate shape of the hull - flat and wide. A dinghy cannot capsize if not handled properly, so it is less safe when sailing in the sea and open waters than a keel yacht.

Bottom of the hull keel yacht turns into a deep fin, creating significant lateral resistance. To give greater stability, a cast iron or lead weight, called a ballast keel or false keel, is attached to the lower part of this fin. Yachts of this type are designed for sailing on seas and lakes with deep water and strong winds and waves. A keel yacht has very high stability and cannot capsize under normal conditions. Sailing on keel yachts on rivers and small lakes is difficult due to the deep draft.

An intermediate type of yacht will combine the characteristics of the described vessels. Thus, to obtain increased stability with a shallow draft, ships are built with a centerboard running inside the ballast keel. These vessels have less draft without centerboards than keelboats, but more than dinghies. Such yachts are called compromises.

Sailing yachts can have not one, but two or even three hulls. Then they are called and.

Yachts also vary in size and class.

• Yachts up to 30 feet (10 m) are designed for day trips over short distances.

• Yachts from 30 to 56 feet (10-18 m) are the most popular and affordable class of yachts. Such yachts allow you to travel long distances and go out into the open sea without creating extreme situations.

• Yachts from 56 to 70 feet (18-24 meters) usually require a crew to operate them.

• Yachts over 70 feet (24 meters) are usually called V.I.P. megayachts. They are usually built according to an individual project or are representatives of a limited edition.

In addition to this general classification, there is also a sports classification of yachts, which determines their division into classes. The sports classification of yachts is necessary to create equal conditions for competition in racing. Within each class, whenever possible, equal chances of winning the competition are ensured (to the extent that these chances are determined by the yacht itself).

Frame

Keel yacht and its parts:

1 - nasal overhang; 2 - fin and false keel; 3 - hold; 4 - rudder blade; 5 - stern overhang; 6 - valance; 7 - transom; 8 - yut; 9 - cockpit; 10 - cutting; 11 - entrance hatch; 12 - cabin; 13 - deck; 14 - light (skylight) hatch; 15 - railing; 16 - bow and stern rails; 17 - anchor support (anchor, chain, biting, deck fairlead); 18 - tank; 19 - cockpit; 20 - forepeak; 21 - compass.

Armament

The main parts of a yacht's armament are sails, spars and rigging.

Sail- the main propulsion device of the yacht.

They are divided into three sets: main (or tacking), additional and storm sails. The yacht carries the main sails during normal voyages. These same sails determine the sail area of ​​the yacht. Participation in racing requires special sails that increase the sail area in certain situations that arise at a distance (for example, with tailwinds). Such sails are called additional sails. When sailing in stormy weather, tacking sails are replaced with smaller and more durable storm sails.

The totality of all wooden or metal parts of weapons used for attaching and carrying sails is called spar.

Rigging- gear made from plant or steel cable is divided into standing and running. Standing rigging is used to brace and maintain the spar in working position, and running rigging is used to set and retract the sails and spar, control the sails, and raise and lower signals.

Encyclopedia of tourists. 2014 .

Synonyms:

See what “Yacht” is in other dictionaries:

yacht- yacht, s... Russian spelling dictionary

YACHT- (English). A small vessel used for pleasure sea trips. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. YACHT (English) a small vessel used for entertainment. sea ​​trips. Dictionary… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

YACHT- YACHT, yachts, women. (English yacht). 1. Large sailboat of light construction for sports. Racing yachts. 2. A small (sailing, steam or motor) vessel for sea trips and sports. Steam yacht with deep draft. Sea yacht. Intelligent... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

YACHT- (Yacht) it is not possible to accurately establish the meaning of this term, since Yacht refers to a wide variety of vessels, ranging from a half-deck boat to a large three-masted vessel like Yacht Sunbeam, which belonged to Brassey. In general... ...Marine Dictionary

yacht- boater, tender, buer, Dutchman, fall boat, monotype, okadeing, tornado, Finn, dinghy, dinghy, cadet, dragon, soling Dictionary of Russian synonyms. yacht noun, number of synonyms: 26 boater (2) ... Dictionary of synonyms

YACHT- (Dutch jacht, from jagen to drive, pursue), a sailing, motor or sail-motor vessel for walks, sports, tourism. The most common sailing yachts differ in hull design, equipment and sail area... Modern encyclopedia

YACHT- (from Dutch jacht) a sailing, sailing or motor vessel for water sports and walks. Sports sailing yachts are distinguished by hull design, sail area, and the presence of a keel or centerboard. Marine yachts are made with permanent ballast... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

YACHT- YACHT, s, women. 1. Large and light sports sailing boat. Olympic yachts (certain types of dinghies, keel yachts, catamarans). 2. A small boat for walks and sports. Motor I. | adj. yacht, aya, oh and yacht, aya, oh. Yacht keel... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

YACHT- female funny, seaworthy, small vessel. Yacht team. Yacht device. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. V.I. Dahl. 1863 1866 … Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

(cruising)

by drive: sailing, sailing-motor And motor

by seaworthiness: maritime and yachts for inland waters(rivers, lakes)

by case type: classic single-hull(English) Monohull), catamarans And trimarans

The first mentions of sports sailing yachts date back to the 17th century. Almost all modern sailing yachts designed for tourism have an auxiliary motor (outboard motor) for maneuvering in port or sailing at low speeds when there is no wind. Sailing yachts that do not have a motor are most often intended for sports.

Sailing yachts

The Greeks, Egyptians and Phoenicians are fighting for primacy in the creation of sailing yachts. Historians claim the appearance of the first sailing ships more than 10 thousand years ago in the waters of the Aegean Sea. Sailing yachts are considered to be vessels that use aero- and hydrodynamics and are propelled by the force of the wind blowing into the sails. Modern sailing yachts are often equipped with a motor.

The hulls of the first sailing yachts were made of wood. The modern list of materials is very large. The hulls of sailing yachts are made of steel, aluminum, reinforced cement and fiberglass and other materials.

The number of sails on sailing yachts can vary and depends on the purpose of the yacht being used. Racing yachts, as a rule, are equipped with a large number of sails; on cruising yachts, for ease of control, the number of sails is minimal. The largest in the world sailing ships- “Kruzenshtern” and “Sedov” - each have 34 sails. Conventionally, sails can be divided into four types: main, forward, additional and storm.

According to their purpose, sailing yachts are divided into cruising yachts, those with comfortable cabins and those designed for long-distance travel. hiking trips; racing, having only a cockpit for the crew and no cabins, intended for short racing; as well as racing cruisers, which have low-comfort cabins designed for multi-day races. According to the principle of ensuring stability, yachts are divided into keel yachts, in which the bottom goes into a ballast keel (more precisely, a false keel), which shifts the center of gravity down and prevents the yacht from drifting when sailing; dinghies having a centerboard (retractable keel), which only prevents drift, and the center of gravity is changed by placing the crew on the sides of the yacht; and compromises that have a ballast keel and a retractable centerboard. There are also designs with two keels that allow you to maintain the vertical position of the yacht during low tide in shallow waters. A different stability principle is used on catamarans and trimarans. On catamarans, stability is ensured by two widely spaced hulls of the vessel, on trimarans - by two floats, spaced on both sides of the vessel. There are yachts consisting of more than three hulls.

The main parts of a yacht are considered to be the hull and sailing rig. Sailing rigs can be single-masted (sloop) or multi-masted (for example, schooner, yol and ketch). Sailing rigs are divided into spar, standing and running rigging.

Popular view Recreation on sailing yachts are regattas.

Leading producing countries

Motor yachts

Famous yachts

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Notes

Literature

• Lovyagin R. M.// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• Der Brockhaus in 3 Bänden. - Prockhaus Enzyklopädie, Bd. 2., 2004, S.259.

Types of sailing ships Ancient East Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Mediterranean Sea Northern Europe Middle East New World Far East Battle Line Auxiliary Sailing and rowing Merchant and cargo ships Commercial Sailing Sail-steam Commercial Yachts and others

Excerpt characterizing the Yacht

Having entered the gate of a large house where the lodge was located, and walking along a dark staircase, they entered a lighted, small hallway, where, without the help of servants, they took off their fur coats. From the hall they went into another room. Some man in a strange attire appeared at the door. Villarsky, coming out to meet him, said something quietly to him in French and went to a small closet, in which Pierre noticed clothes he had never seen before. Taking a handkerchief from the closet, Villarsky placed it over Pierre's eyes and tied it in a knot from behind, painfully catching his hair in the knot. Then he bent him towards him, kissed him and, taking him by the hand, led him somewhere. Pierre was in pain from the hair being pulled in by the knot; he winced in pain and smiled from shame at something. His huge figure with his arms down, with a wrinkled and smiling face, moved with uncertain timid steps behind Villarsky.
After walking him ten steps, Villarsky stopped.
“No matter what happens to you,” he said, “you must endure everything with courage if you firmly decide to join our brotherhood.” (Pierre answered in the affirmative by bowing his head.) When you hear a knock on the door, you will untie your eyes,” Villarsky added; – I wish you courage and success. And, shaking Pierre’s hand, Villarsky left.
Left alone, Pierre continued to smile the same way. Once or twice he shrugged his shoulders, raised his hand to the handkerchief, as if wanting to take it off, and lowered it again. The five minutes he spent with his eyes tied seemed like an hour. His hands were swollen, his legs were giving way; he thought he was tired. He experienced the most complex and varied feelings. He was afraid of what would happen to him, and even more afraid of not showing fear. He was curious to know what would happen to him, what would be revealed to him; but most of all he was joyful that the moment had come when he would finally embark on that path of renewal and actively virtuous life, which he had dreamed of since his meeting with Osip Alekseevich. Strong knocks were heard on the door. Pierre took off the bandage and looked around him. The room was black and dark: only in one place was a lamp burning, in something white. Pierre came closer and saw that the lamp stood on a black table, on which lay one open book. The book was the Gospel; that white thing in which the lamp was burning was a human skull with its holes and teeth. Having read the first words of the Gospel: “In the beginning was the word and the word was to God,” Pierre walked around the table and saw a large open box filled with something. It was a coffin with bones. He was not at all surprised by what he saw. Hoping to enter into a completely new life completely different from the previous one, he expected everything extraordinary, even more extraordinary than what he saw. The skull, the coffin, the Gospel - it seemed to him that he expected all this, expected even more. Trying to evoke a feeling of tenderness in himself, he looked around him. “God, death, love, the brotherhood of man,” he said to himself, associating with these words vague but joyful ideas of something. The door opened and someone entered.
In the dim light, which Pierre had already managed to take a closer look at, a short man entered. Apparently entering the darkness from the light, this man stopped; then, with careful steps, he moved towards the table and placed his small hands, covered with leather gloves, on it.
This short man was dressed in a white leather apron that covered his chest and part of his legs; he had something like a necklace on his neck, and from behind the necklace protruded a tall, white frill that framed his elongated face, lit from below.
– Why did you come here? - asked the newcomer, following the rustle made by Pierre, turning in his direction. - Why do you, who do not believe in the truths of the light and do not see the light, why did you come here, what do you want from us? Wisdom, virtue, enlightenment?
At that moment the door opened and an unknown man entered, Pierre experienced a feeling of fear and reverence, similar to the one he experienced in confession as a child: he felt face to face with a complete stranger in terms of living conditions and with someone close to him, in the brotherhood of people, person. Pierre, with a breathless heartbeat, moved towards the rhetorician (that was the name in Freemasonry for the brother who prepares the seeker for entry into the brotherhood). Pierre, coming closer, recognized in the rhetorician a familiar person, Smolyaninov, but it was insulting to him to think that the person who entered was a familiar person: the person who entered was only a brother and a virtuous mentor. Pierre could not utter the words for a long time, so the rhetorician had to repeat his question.
“Yes, I... I... want an update,” Pierre said with difficulty.
“Okay,” said Smolyaninov, and immediately continued: “Do you have any idea about the means by which our holy order will help you achieve your goal?...” said the rhetorician calmly and quickly.
“I... hope... guidance... help... in renewal,” said Pierre with a trembling voice and difficulty in speaking, arising both from excitement and from the unfamiliarity of speaking in Russian about abstract subjects.

YACHT
Meaning:

(English). A small vessel used for pleasure sea trips.

(Source: “Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language.” Chudinov A.N., 1910)

(English) a small vessel used for entertainment. sea ​​walks.

(Source: “Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language.” Pavlenkov F., 1907)

English yacht, goal jakt, Danish jagt, from it. jagen, drive, hunt. Single-deck boat for pleasure trips.

(Source: “Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots.” Mikhelson A.D., 1865)

a small sailing vessel for sailing on the sea.

(Source: “Complete dictionary of foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language.” Popov M., 1907)

Meaning:

(from Dutch jacht), a sailing, sail-motor or motor vessel for water sports and walks. Sports sailing yachts are distinguished by hull design, sail area, and the presence of a keel or centerboard. Sea yachts are made with permanent ballast keels.

S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language

yacht

Meaning:

YACHT, -y, w.

1. Large and light sports sailing boat. Olympic yachts(certain types of dinghies, keel yachts, catamarans).

2. A small boat for walking and sports. Motor I.

| adj. yacht, -th, -oh and yacht, oh, oh. Yacht keel. Yacht club(yacht club).

Surely many do not fully understand the meaning of the word yacht, and one hundred percent, most people have not even seen a vessel of this type in real life, not to mention walking on it. The word yacht appeared in the 17th century, however, it came from the pro-German concept “jachtschip”, which means “pursuit vessel”. At a later time and to this day, a yacht means a sailing, motor or sail-motor vessel for long journeys, sports competitions or boat trips. The first sailing boats appeared among the Egyptians in the 4th century BC; information about this is stored on tablets with images of floating structures with one mast and a straight sail. Since those time immemorial, the design and appearance of a sailing vessel has undergone dramatic changes, and today the modern yacht has become the crown of a technological breakthrough using materials for the manufacture of spaceship parts.

Yacht types:

• Sailing yachts (Keels, dinghies and compromises).
• Motor yachts are comfortable boats, perfect for short trips and anchorage. But due to the lack of a false keel, movement in strong winds and large waves becomes extremely difficult, causing discomfort to passengers.
• Racing yachts are sea racers designed for high-speed short passages or regattas in narrow and enclosed waters. Usually such boats do not have cabins and big list electronic devices and navigation aids.
• Cruising yachts are vessels designed for long sea voyages with a wide range of equipment and safety equipment.
• Single-hull, double-hull, triple-hull - catamarans and trimarans.

Yacht construction

Initially, a yacht is a boat designed for sailing in open waters (Oceans and seas). Their design allows the vessel to move in an unlimited area, far from the coast in heavy winds reaching 30 meters per second at low air or water temperatures, and waves up to 7 meters in height. In addition to such difficult navigation conditions, the ship must navigate autonomously and also be able to overcome the consequences of accidents without hope of rescue. Yachts in this category have:

1. Heavy ballast keel with a depth of at least 1.8 meters.
2. The length at the waterline should not be less than 42 feet (14 meters).
3. Electronic equipment and navigation:

• An echo sounder is a sonar aimed at a narrow section of the bottom in order to obtain a digitized image of the landscape and the distance from the bottom of the vessel to the seabed. A fish finder is a great tool for finding fish;
• LAG is a navigation device that measures the speed of the ship and the distance traveled. Using this device, you can easily find out the drift correction if the GPS fails;
• GPS – stands for Global Satellite System for quickly and accurately determining the location of a ship in space;
• Radar is a bearing-finding instrument that uses high-frequency waves capable of seeing underwater, surface and air targets, as well as coastal facilities. The sensitivity of the device is very high. Using radar, you can see small objects in the form of navigation buoys. The device allows you to control the vessel in zero visibility conditions;
• autopilot – a complex of electronic and mechanical devices with software that allows you to autonomously follow a given trajectory;
• marine radio station;
• stationary engine;
• drogue.

1. Steering is carried out using a rudder blade, which drives a steering wheel or tiller.

In addition to category A and B yachts plying the ocean, there are boats designed for coastal navigation and closed water areas (rivers, lakes). Due to the rapid development of navigation, maritime sports and the growing number of wealthy citizens, these types of yachts (category C and D) have gained great popularity. Their main differences from categories A and B in the keel block. Instead of a heavy and long keel, which provides good stability, a centerboard is used in the design of yachts of this class. It looks like a short fin without weight. In some cases, with the possibility of cleaning it into a special niche located in the bottom of the case. Otherwise, their design is practically no different from boats more high class. The equipment of vessels for coastal navigation and movement in enclosed waters may be limited to such instruments and navigation aids as:

• PAH;
• echo sounder;
• navigation lights;
• marine radio station;
• outboard engine.

Sailing rig of the yacht

Modern sailing yachts can be built according to many designs, but the most popular today is the “Bermuda sloop”. From afar, the sail of a yacht of this type resembles a shark’s tooth. The Bermuda sloop's sails are attached to the mast by halyards and controlled by sheets.

The yacht has one mast and a whole set of sails:

• mainsail - the main sail with a large area. Trisel - storm grotto;
• staysail - the second main sail auxiliary to the mainsail for movement at full courses and movement of the vessel in strong winds. A modern sailing yacht has a storm jib in its arsenal. The sail has a small area and is made of durable material;
• spinnaker - a large-area racing sail made of lightweight material;
• gennaker - a racing sail that resembles a parachute with a large area;
• The genoa is the largest sail installed on the forecastle of a yacht. With a good backstay it can give the yacht better speed.

Inside the yacht

The interior space of most boats, with the possible exception of racing ones, has at least one cabin with four berths. The yacht, designed for long sea voyages, has high level comfort for the crew and passengers. The ship has a comfortable latrine with an electric pump and shower. A galley where the cook can prepare any culinary masterpiece. A spacious, cozy wardroom in which the crew will spend time between shifts. The yacht can have several sleeping cabins, each of which can accommodate from two to six people.

Life on a cruise yacht is no different from home. Modern yachts can be equipped with desalinators sea ​​water, satellite television, sound systems and even an entire cinema. In bathrooms, sometimes they install not simple bathtubs, but Jacuzzis for two. The cabins have full double beds. In a word, staying on a yacht will be no less comfortable than staying in hotel room luxury class.

Motor yachts

Motor yachts will be an excellent choice for those whose ambitions end with short passages or movements in closed waters. This boat is easy to sail. But when purchasing a yacht of this type, you need to understand that serious travel is out of the question due to its design features. The first disadvantage will be high fuel consumption, and many copies run on gasoline. This type of fuel makes the engine highly revving, which allows it to achieve good cruising speed, acceleration, and makes it possible to plan and maneuver when parking. But these advantages are relative, since fuel consumption on such vessels is at least forty liters per hour. Another serious drawback is the lack of a false fin. This makes the boat less stable and unable to move in heavy seas. In addition, when big waves the crew experiences the heaviest rolling motion. On keelboats, roll motion is less noticeable.

Yachting is gaining popularity every year in the CIS countries. In recent years, new celebrities have begun to appear in yachting circles. Increasingly, new personalities appear on the Internet who have committed round the world travel. And these tourists are the most ordinary people, they are far from professionals, participants in expeditions. Now “around the world” trips are made by married couples with children, and even pensioners. On the Internet you can find many blogs about life on a yacht. This type of marine life is chosen by many people in the United States. In their opinion, living on a yacht is cheaper than living on land. Especially if the ship is at dead anchor, because you don’t have to pay for such anchorage. In addition, each cruising yacht is a self-contained home afloat.

One of the most travelers worth attention, became the crew of the yacht "Yuri Gagarin". The travelers themselves call themselves office clerks, and as they say about themselves, they are amateurs in yachting, however, since 2013 they have managed to circumnavigate most of the globe. But in the history of navigation there are people who managed to circumnavigate the entire globe alone. One of these enthusiastic travelers was Sergei Morozov. On his 30-foot yacht Dreammaker, bought for just $1,000, he managed to travel around the world in a few years. He captured his exciting journey on video, which can be found on his YouTube channel. And of course, it’s worth mentioning Lenny Rossolovski, who created a video blog where he shares his experience of life under sail.

How much does life on a yacht cost?

For the unenlightened and inexperienced in yachting, purchasing a yacht is comparable to purchasing luxury real estate, a small county, or the latest supercar. But, like everything in this life, the price of a yacht is a relative thing. Yes, of course, there is no limit to perfection, and a sixty-foot yacht costs no less than housing in the center of Moscow. But a person who knows what he needs from a trip can easily reduce the amount with six zeros to thirty thousand dollars. For this relatively little money you gain real freedom, as well as a fifteen-meter sailboat with a “B” classification. Such a used yacht will allow you to confidently navigate the sea and make exciting, adventurous transoceanic crossings, circumnavigation of the world. By becoming the owner of such a sailboat, you receive:

• a spacious saloon with a galley, a navigator's station, a comfortable corner sofa and a spacious table;
• a twenty-meter mast, with the ability to install at least three sails;
• a minimum two-meter ballast false keel, ensuring excellent stability of the boat;
• from six berths and several cabins;
• latrine and shower;
• stationary diesel engine and steering wheel;
• a spacious cockpit covered with a sprayhood and an awning, protecting the helmsman and clews from the sun, wind and water;
• serious navigation electronic equipment and even an autopilot;
• automatic furling of the jib and mainsail, which greatly simplifies working with sails and maneuvering the yacht. These auxiliary mechanisms make it possible to operate the yacht alone;
• solar panel or small wind generator. In tandem, these power sources will allow you to use electrical appliances around the clock;
• a tank for two hundred liters of fresh water and an eighty-liter tank for diesel fuel;
• The comfort of such a yacht will be provided by: a refrigerator, an LCD TV, a gas stove, and an audio tape recorder.

Despite the impressive list of options and installed equipment, sailboat tuning has no limits. If a water desalinator is added to the power supply, such a vessel will become a real autonomous home for a small crew.

If you do not have enough financial resources to buy a yacht or you simply have nowhere to put it, and the desire to sail the sea is great, this is an excellent option to make your dream come true. The cost of renting a yacht is significantly lower than buying it, and you don’t have to think about its maintenance, mooring and taxes.

How much does it cost to rent a yacht?

Yacht rental in Sochi is a common and popular service. Many shipowners rent out their yachts on a daily or hourly basis. The cost of providing such a service varies greatly and ranges from 4,500 to 70,000 rubles per hour. This takes into account the class, capacity, size, finishing of the yacht and additional services, as well as the rental period. It will be cheaper to book a yacht online - in this case, we guarantee the best price and a pleasant surprise: a compliment from the captain.

How much does a trip on a small yacht cost?

Each person has his own lifestyle and needs. Some people are used to dining in restaurants, while others will enjoy a modest dinner on the high seas. It could be just navy-style pasta and hot tea. The travel budget can be reduced by increasing the distance covered under sail. Fascinating will be a good way to save your budget. A barbecue installed in the cockpit will help diversify the kitchen. Based on information from the crew of the yacht Mamushka, the year and a half expenses of the four crew members amounted to less than $16,000. It turns out that unforgettable trip with visits to many amazing, scenic spots, without leaving a comfortable apartment, will cost $200 per month per person. This is an insignificant amount for an exciting adventure full of romance and drive, and for some - the dream of a lifetime!

A yacht is a vessel designed for sports or tourism. There are extremely many types of yachts. In the world of yachts there are as many types, sizes, as well as tastes and affections of people. After all, a yacht, being an object of entertainment, is often a symbol of a dream come true. And people very often dream and realize dreams in different ways.

When classifying yachts, you should first of all divide them into motor and sailing yachts. These are yachts from different ideological camps, from different ideas about the dream. And although both are ultimately united by one element, the sea, each of them should be discussed separately. In this article we will pay attention to the classification of sailing yachts.

1. Purpose.

First of all, it is worth dividing sailing yachts according to their main characteristic, for which they are actually built. By appointment. Since yachts are intended for two main types of entertainment: travel and racing, then yachts, as a first approximation, should be divided in exactly this way. Yachts for travel and yachts for racing. Of course, you can travel and race on both of them, but we are talking specifically about the purpose intended by the designer. So, first of all, let's divide the yachts into:

• Travel yachts

Fig1. Racing yacht "Archambault 35" and a regular cruising yacht of the same length - 35 feet

Yachts for travel have a durable, sometimes heavy construction. The designer’s task in this case is to ensure comfort and reliability.

Racing yachts are designed to win races. Therefore, less attention was paid to the convenience of crew accommodation and safety margins. The designers, counting on the more highly qualified crews, reduce the weight of the yacht and increase the voltage in its components in order to achieve maximum power output. On the other hand, racing yachts are equipped with elements that expand the range of adjustments, settings, and sails so that the yacht sails quickly in the entire range of winds.

2. Moving away from the shore

Based on the ability of yachts to move away from the shore, yachts can be divided into those that are designed for sailing near the shore, in the bay, and those that can make long, autonomous voyages at a considerable distance from ports of refuge. That is, yachts can be divided into:

• Walking
• coastal yachts
• and seaworthy, that is, cruising yachts.

Figure 2. Racing yachts: for coastal competitions and for racing on the high seas

• Pleasure yachts have a lightweight design, they do not have significant supplies of water and food for the crew, navigation equipment designed for the crew to see and know the water area for walking.
• Cruising yachts have a robust design capable of carrying supplies (water, fuel, food, etc.). Windy rooms give the team the opportunity to fully relax. Such yachts have no restrictions on distance from the shore.
• Coastal yachts(day cruiser) has limited amenities and a small supply of supplies, allowing you to spend the day sailing near the bay.

3. Number of buildings.

If the width of the hull creates stability, then why not widen it as much as possible? At one time, designers thought about this and began to design wide buildings. Such housings have a high initial straightening moment. However, they have a major drawback. Such a hull has high frictional resistance to water and poor seaworthiness. To resolve this conflict, multi-hull yachts were created: catamarans (two hulls) and trimarans (three hulls). Despite the fact that the capsize of a multihull, unlike the capsize of a keel yacht, is a fatal event, it is impossible to put it back on an “even keel” without outside help, they are very popular. The fact is that a number of design measures have reduced the risk of capsizing some multihull yachts, such as cruising yachts, to almost zero.

Catamarans have two identical, narrow, long hulls spaced apart to provide greater stability. The resistance of such hulls is much less than the hull of a regular yacht, so a catamaran in tailwinds, as a rule, develops higher speeds than keel yachts. Cruising catamarans, which successfully carry out ocean voyages, can have very high speed and stability.

Trimarans have three hulls: a middle one (wider than catamarans, but much narrower than yachts) and two spaced apart and slightly raised side hulls, very narrow. The side hulls are essentially floats that provide stability. When heeling, the trimaran moves on the middle hull and one of the side hulls. Trimarans gained great popularity at one time as cruising yachts. However, currently the most widely used trimarans are trailer-mounted trimarans, that is, trimarans that can be transported on a trailer behind a passenger car. Thus, according to the number of hulls, sailing yachts are divided into:

• Single-hull
• Multihulls (catamarans and trimarans)

Fig 4. Monohull yacht, catamaran, trimaran.

4. Method for creating stability of monohull yachts

Sailing yachts use wind energy for propulsion. The wind transfers its energy to the yacht through the sails. Sails and sailing equipment in general are installed on the yacht, and under the influence of the wind (especially when it is directed towards the side) it tends to capsize the entire yacht. To create stability, that is, the ability of a yacht to resist capsizing, there are two main ways. Firstly, using ballast, located as low as possible in the hull or in a special fin (false fin). Secondly, with the help hull stability when the body itself, due to its characteristics, primarily its width, creates a straightening, that is, a restoring moment.

The first method of creating stability, that is, using ballast, is used by keel yachts. Thanks to ballast, the design of a keel yacht has very stable stability. These yachts are very reliable because, for example, they “forgive” many of the crew’s mistakes and can adapt to different wind and wave conditions. This is a real “hit” in the world of sailing yachts. The dual purpose of the false keel - placing ballast and creating hydrodynamic force that prevents drift - makes these yachts, no less than, unique inventions of mankind.

The second way to create stability, using shape stability, is used by yachts in which the hydrofoil is light and does not have ballast. Such a wing is called a “centerboard,” and a yacht with such a wing is called a “dinghy.” Daggerboards do not have ballast, and can easily raise the centerboard when approaching shallow water. They also actively use the weight of the crew itself. It is moved, depending on wind conditions, to one place or another on one side or another of the yacht, or even taken overboard on special suspensions - trapezoids.

There is also an intermediate option. These are the so-called yachts - "compromises". These yachts have a so-called “heavy” centerboard. That is, the ballast in such a centerboard is involved in creating stability. Its weight, however, is not enough, since the weight of the centerboard must be such that the crew can lift it quickly enough, for example, when approaching the pier. To create the necessary stability, “compromises” can also use the weight of the crew or ballast installed in the fixed, lower parts of the hull. Thus, according to the method of creating stability, monohull yachts can be divided into:

• Keeled
• Dinghy boats
• Compromises

Fig 3. Keel yacht, dinghy and compromise.

5. Case material.

Yachts can be made from a variety of materials. The most common materials: plastic, metal, wood. Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages. The tree is beautiful wooden yachts is a real inspired story of the owner and his crew. Metal yachts are considered one of the most durable. They are popular where conditions are the most difficult, for example, where it is not uncommon to encounter ice while walking. Plastic yachts are the most popular. Mainly due to the low maintenance costs of caring for their hulls. Also, plastic yachts can be considered the lightest when using industrial technologies.

6. Status.

According to their purpose, or rather according to their relationship between the yacht and the owner, sailing yachts are divided into charter yachts, that is, yachts intended for the owner to make a profit, and private yachts, when the owner builds or purchases a yacht for his own use. Charter yachts, as a rule, have a maximum number of cabins that can be placed in the hull. Then the tenant will be able to invite more guests and reduce their yachting costs. Private yacht As a rule, regardless of size, it has no more than three cabins. One for the owner and a maximum of two for guests. The number of cabins for the crew, if the owner of the yacht intends to use one, is not limited.

7. Sailing equipment

Sailing weapons are very diverse. Designers are constantly improving it, using ever newer materials and technologies. Let's look at them very briefly.

Single mast yachts:

There are a huge number of types of sailing rigs that use one mast, but only one of them, namely the “Bermuda Sloop,” absolutely dominates the world of single-mast yachts, moreover, perhaps even the entire world of yachts.

Bermuda sloop. This is a type of sailing rig where, with the help of an installed mast and standing rigging, two main sails can be installed. The sail in front of the mast is called the jib. There is a huge variety of staysails. They can have different shapes and sizes. The need to have large number staysails are due to the fact that they are poorly adjustable and are adjusted for use in different wind conditions.

Jib sails are distinguished by the density of the material (the denser the material, the more difficult conditions it is designed for) and the size of the lower luff (edge) of the sail. There are staysails with a short lower luff that does not extend beyond the mast and "Genoa" staysails, these are staysails that "extend behind the mast. A second sail is attached to the mast with the luff. It is called the "mainsail." The mainsail is adjustable in a wide range of winds and, as a rule, does not require changing when the wind parameters or the yacht's course change.

There are Bermuda sloops with “top” and “fractional” rigs. Fractional rigging is the rigging of a Bermuda sloop when the front cable securing the mast (“forestay” or simply “stay”) is attached to the very top (top) of the mast

Two-masted yachts:

Two-masted yachts are distinguished by a huge variety of sailing equipment. Let's list just a few of them.

– has a main front mast (“Main Mast”) and a much smaller rear mast (“Mizzen Mast”). The Yola mizzen mast does not create pulling force, but only balances the yacht. This quality of the yoke is very much in demand in fresh weather, when the main sails are greatly reduced ("reefed") or at anchor, when the operation of the sail standing on the mizzen mast significantly reduces the load on the anchor.

– compared to the yol, the mizzen mast is comparable in size to the mainsail. Thus, the mizzen of the ketch is involved in creating traction. This type of sailing rig is also very practical in fresh weather. It is especially loved by yacht owners who are in old age, when the strength to work with one huge mast and large sails is no longer enough. It's easier for them to destroy total area sail of the yacht on two similar masts. In addition, this option significantly increases the overall reliability of the yacht

- this type of weapon can be considered obsolete, since its mass use was once based on technologies that made it possible to unfasten the largest mast - the “mainsail”, only in the widest part of the hull. From the point of view of aerodynamic efficiency, this is an illogical, one might even say erroneous, decision, since most of the sails on the largest mast, the main mast, begin to work in the wind shadow of the forward mast. The front mast in this case is called the "fore mast". More or less, schooner-type weapons are justified only in tailwinds.

However, if you need to stylize the yacht as antique, which is often quite justified, or equip it in a special way, then why not! Your romantic dreams are a good reason to realize them in sailing equipment!

Conclusions

So, we can classify sailing yachts according to a number of parameters:

1. Purpose (racing, travel yachts)
2. Ability to move away from the shore (recreational, cruising)
3. Number of cases (single case, multi-case)
4. Status (charter - private)
5. Body material (plastic, wood, metal, reinforced cement)
6. Sailing weapons(Bermuda sloop, yole, ketch, schooner, etc.)
7. And monohull yachts can be divided according to the method of creating the leveling moment (Keel boats, dinghies, compromises). Considering that this is far from full list Thus, from the entire variety of yachts, you can always choose or design a yacht that most closely matches your request.