Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. View of the chapel and hill, 1880

Materials provided in 1999 by the Kokshetau city newspaper "RISK-BUSINESS" with the consent of the author - Kunanbayeva Alma Sungatovna, researcher at the Kokshetau Museum of History and Local Lore

Since ancient times, the places of the steppe region, which has long received the poetic name "Sary Arka", rich in game, lakes abounding in fish, have attracted people's attention. From the north, the great steppe was framed by chains of low mountains with expressive names: “Syrymbet”, “Zhalgyztau”, “Airtau”, “Imantau”, “Sandyktau”, “Zhylandy”, “Zerenda”, “Okzhetpes”, above which Mount Kokshe rises » (947 m). "Kokshetau" - so the Kazakhs from ancient times called not only the highest mountain peak, but the whole district. "Kokshetau" in translation means "Blue Mountain".

Photo: Emelyanov E.G. View from Sinyukha to the lake and the glade of Abylai Khan

Indeed, the bizarre mountain peaks, overgrown with pine trees and covered in haze, combined with the mirror bowls of the lakes, create a unique and mysterious beauty, awaken the imagination. Many songs, poems and legends were written about Kokshetau, and they were passed from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation, remained to live among the people forever.

Kokshetau has a rich centuries-old past, which has absorbed all the main stages and turning points in the history of Kazakhstan. For many centuries, nomadic tribes of Kazakhs lived on the territory of the former Kokshetau region.

In the sixteenth century, when the process of formation of the Kazakh people was completed, the Kazakhs formed three tribal associations: the Senior, Middle and Junior zhuzes. The territory of Kokshetau was part of the Middle Zhuz, here the clans of the tribal union of the Argyns roamed, the most numerous at that time and occupying the vast regions of Northern and Central Kazakhstan. Of the Argyns, the most numerous was the Atygai clan (branches: maily, balta, bagysh, kudai-berdy, babasan, etc.).

Generations of the Karaul clan also lived on the territory of the region (branches: kyldy, zhaksylyk, esenbai, zhaulybai, etc.), as well as generations of the Uak, Kerey, Kypchak tribes.

The history of the city of Kokshetau is closely connected with the events of the annexation of Kazakhstan to Russia, which began with the Little Zhuz (1731), later (1740) with the Middle Zhuz. Since the intensification of aggression on the part of the Dzungars, on the other hand, the development of economic and political contacts of the Kazakh khanates with Russia led to the recognition of its protectorate. In the war with the Dzhungars, the young Abilmansur, the future famous Khan Abylay (1711-1781), became famous.

It was during the reign of Abylai Khan that Kokshetau, which became the center of the national liberation struggle, became widely known.

A historical event - the entry into the Russian state of the Middle Zhuz took place at the southern foot of Mount Kokshetau, where the famous batyrs Bogenbai, Kabanbai, Kanai, Olzhabai, Bayan, Zhanatai and others gathered with their militias, sultans and biys, elders and others hurried to the clearing of Abylai Khan noble people of the region. Consequently, the accession of Kazakhstan, which began in the 30s of the eighteenth century, was completed at the end of the nineteenth century, and was a complex, contradictory process. And each side interpreted the provisions of the mutually signed acts in different ways.

For the rulers of the Kazakh khanates, the acceptance of Russian citizenship was seen as an opportunity to remove the threat from the Dzungars, and Khan Abulkhair even harbored an ambitious hope, with the help of the royal court, to strengthen his political position in the Steppe and become a general Kazakh khan. In turn, the tsarist government considered the recognition of Russian citizenship by the Kazakh khanates as an opportunity for an immediate and real increase in territory. Russian Empire.

In 1752, the fortress of Saints Peter and Paul (now Petropavlovsk) was built in the Kyzyl-zhar tract. A number of fortresses, outposts and pickets were built along the northern and northeastern outskirts of the steppe Sara Arka for 720 versts to connect the great fortress (founded in 1716) with the Orenburg (1735) line of military settlements and along the Irtysh River to the Semipalatinsk fortress ( founded in 1718). This line of military fortifications along the rivers Tobol, Ishim and Irtysh served as an outpost for the tsarist government to gradually deepen into the Kazakh steppe.

At that time, the construction of orders and Cossack villages was going on in the territory of Northern Kazakhstan. On June 22, 1822, Emperor Alexander 1 signed a number of draft laws on the management of Siberia. Among them is the "Charter on the management of the Siberian Kirghiz" (Kazakhs).

The author of these projects were two well-known figures of that time: M.M. Speransky (1772-1839), count, statesman, adviser to the emperor, author of liberal reforms, then governor general Western Siberia(1819-1821). An associate of M. Speransky in drafting the administrative reforms of Siberia was G. S. Batenkov (1793-1863), an official with the rank of lieutenant colonel, a Decembrist (he spent 20 years in solitary confinement Peter and Paul Fortress), a member of the "Northern Society", a native of Siberia, lived among the Kazakhs for a long time, knew their language, way of life and culture well, the author of a number of books about Siberia, was Speransky's closest assistant in drafting administrative reforms. In accordance with the new system of government, Siberia was divided into two governorates: Western and Eastern. The first included the Tobolsk and Tomsk provinces and the Omsk region, the Kazakhs of the Middle Horde became part of Omsk region.

The entire zhuz, which included the territory of the later created Kokchetav district, was divided into 8 outer outlying districts. According to the Charter, the districts were divided into volosts (in each district there were 15-20 volosts), the volost - into administrative auls (10-11 auls), in each aul from 50-70 yurts (tents).

To manage the districts, a decree or duan (sofa) was established, headed by a senior sultan (elected by some sultans for 3 years) and 4 assessors: two Russian officials (appointed) and two from among the local nobility (elected). Khan's power was abolished. Naturally, the authors of the draft Charter proceeded from the interests of the Russian Empire. However, for the sake of justice, it must be said that this document provided for a number of positive measures, for example, the internal self-government of the Kazakh communities was preserved, the construction of medical institutions, and most importantly, the legal norms for the relationship between the Kazakh population and the Siberian administration were established.

But the implementation of administrative reforms by M.M. Speransky fell to the lot of the new Governor-General of Western Siberia P.M. Kaptsevich (1772-1840) - a nobleman, a participant in the Patriotic War (1812).

S. Bronevsky's predictions turned out to be prophetic. Finally, in the summer of 1827, the district order was transferred to the place where the city of Kokshetau is now located. The settlement began to be called Kokchetav, by the name of the mountains that always turn blue, as if in a deep haze, in Kazakh called Kokshetau.

For service in the Kokchetav outer district, the governor-general of Western Siberia, P. M. Kaptsevich, appointed officials: “ collegiate assessor Putintsev, in the order he served as a Russian assessor and at the same time was an auditor of order in the volosts; the Petropavlovsk Platzmajor-Captain Sideev, who was obliged to keep order in the district and he was also a prosecutor, carried out special assignments; Solomon's doctor was sent to work permanently; and military foreman Lukin was appointed head of the military guard detachment for the protection of the Kokchetav order and an assessor from the Russian administration; captain Bezyazykov, centurion Bikharev, centurion Fyodor Popkov, cornet Pyankov. 36 officers and 200 combatant Cossacks and 14 reserve Cossacks also settled. (TsGIA USSR, F. 1264, op 1, d. 330, l. 24-26).

These people laid the foundation for the population of the city, they were also the first settlers. Of the Kazakhs, the assessors of the order of Dzhilgar Baytokin and Muset Yanybekov were the first to settle.

The construction of the settlement began at the foot of the Bukpa hill, a Cossack picket was set up here to protect the district order. “Settlers in Kokchetav were given 100 rubles in gold for each officer and 3 rubles 50 kopecks in silver for a combat and reserve Cossack. A hundred Cossacks were supposed to be located here, and the regimental headquarters was originally located in Atbasar. Further, the Cossacks, who moved to Kokchetav, were provided with arable land and plots for mowing hay. A centurion Plaomov was sent to Kokchetav to receive the settlers. The resettlement went from the Chelyabinsk district, Orenburg, Saratov provinces, left in Kokchetav was given 40 rubles each. Settlers, becoming serving Cossacks, had to reliably protect the eastern borders of the Russian Empire. (F-6, op. 1, file 93, pp. 140-147, Omsk archive).

Soon a guard Cossack detachment was stationed in Kokchetav and a Cossack village was formed. The village was inhabited mainly by family Cossacks. The rich, prosperous part of the stanitsa was made up of the Cossack elite - ataman, officers, etc. This elite owned huge land plots with hayfields. The Cossacks built cozy wooden houses for themselves, cutting down the pine forest adjacent to the lake. The fact that the city was like in the second half of the nineteenth century can be judged from the records of Russian researchers.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. View of the chapel and the hill, the turn of the 19th-20th centuries

Here is what the well-known Russian researcher Ippolit Zavalishin, who visited our region, writes: “Kokchetav is a city and the seat of the district order, built on the Jilan-tau mountain near Lake Kopa. There is one church in Kokchetav, up to 30 houses and already 1263 inhabitants of both sexes. There is a merchant class.
To the southeast of the city, Mount Kokshetau is visible in clear weather, 60 versts away from it and after which the city and the district are named. The buildings in Kokchetav are very good, from the best steppe cities, because there is an abundance of timber here. In general, in the local northern part of the steppe, mountains and pads are distinguished by a diverse flora.

Photo: Emelyanov E.G. Neighborhood of Kokshetau, January 2012

In the mountains of Kokchetav, Bayan-Aul, Karkaraly there are extremely picturesque landscapes. The crystal waters of lakes, mountain rivers and waterfalls, the mighty vegetation of coniferous forests, granite rocks, bright-fresh greenery of grasses present magnificent views... From Omsk and in general from the neighboring inner districts of the Tobolsk province people began to come here in the summer to be treated with koumiss and breathe clean air. In Kokchetav, the regimental apartment of the first Siberian Cossack regiment. Cossacks and settlers live prosperously here.” (Description of Western Siberia, p. 3. Siberian-Kyrgyz steppe. M., 1867., p. 136).

Since the middle of the nineteenth century, a big wave migrants driven by poverty and hunger from Russia. In Kokchetav, the population rapidly increased. Other plots of land were allocated for peasant settlers, and residential construction was allowed only outside the Cossack village. Thus, the philistine part of the city grew up next to the village. The border between the Cossack and the bourgeois part was Granichnaya Street (now Kirov Street).

In 1868, a new system of government was prepared in the government and, consequently, the outer districts, and with them the power of the senior sultans, was abolished. The region of Siberian Kazakhs was divided into Akmola and Semipalatinsk. The Kokchetav outer district became part of the Akmola region, with the center in the city of Omsk, as a county, and the village of Kokchetavskaya received the name of the county center. By this time, the settlement, due to the influx of people, had expanded significantly. Many local handicraft industries arose, the number of trade outlets and crafts increased. This information about Kokshetau can be supplemented by the data provided by the research scientist M. Krasovsky in the book “The Region of the Siberian Kirghiz.” (St. Petersburg, 1868, p. 228).

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. Artel coopers 1900

“According to the provincial report for 1863, in the village there are: state-owned houses - 21, stone and brick - 16, wooden, philistine - 365, schools - 2: Kazakh and stanitsa, 1 lard factory, 2 forges, 11 drinking houses, powder cellars - 2, retail shops - 72 and dairy - 10. All this sharply distinguished Kokchetav, as a village, against the background of other settlements. In addition, a certain prospect opened up before him, a good future was visible. Kokchetav, as the center of administrative control of the newly formed county, was granted the rights of an urban settlement. The county was ruled by the county chief, Alexei Ivanovich Tupolev was appointed to him, and Yakub Valikhanov (brother of the scientist Sh. Valikhanov) was appointed deputy.

In 1876, Kokchetav finally lost its military significance. The line and the fortress were abolished, management in the Kazakh steppe began to be carried out according to the model of the Russian Empire. The city of Kokchetav began to be called from 1895.

In 1887, the Kokchetav village had 288 houses, 1819 inhabitants. There were no large industrial enterprises and institutions. The first largest building in the village was St. George's Church, built with funds donated by the Cossacks. Initially, a temple in honor of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious was erected on the northern slope of the mountain. Later, a chapel was erected on this site, where annually on April 23 a religious procession was made from St. George's Church, which was moved to a new location.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. City view 1900

The villagers had their own government. It was headed by an elected ataman. Elections of the stanitsa ataman were held by secret ballot. In the Cossack department, one doctor accounted for 15,400 souls and a territory of 5,000 square miles. At the end of the 19th century, a 30-bed semi-hospital was opened in the village.

Collegiate secretary Anshypu was appointed his remissary. He was one of the most educated people in Kokchetav. He graduated from the Vilna Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Consistory and voluntarily asked to go to Kokchetav, because here a year of service was counted as three. Anshypu did a lot to establish treatment not only for the settlers, but also for the native steppe dwellers. A pharmacy was also built in the village. It was owned by a major businessman Berezin. The pharmacy was located at the same place where the pharmacy of CJSC Tumar is now located (former pharmacy No. 1). The names of the streets in the village were given according to the location of any object. For example, there was a bazaar on Bazarnaya Street, Church Street at the location of the church, Cemetery Street was located near the cemetery, etc.

In the village, one of the crowded places was Sennoy Bazaar. Here there was a brisk trade in firewood, cattle, poultry, hay, etc. The hay bazaar of the villagers was located where the square and the monument to V.V. Kuibyshev are now located. Wine and grocery shops were located near the bazaar. The village had its own lands, which were estimated at 60,553 acres. These lands were located in the direction of Zerenda and beyond the lake, in the direction of the old airport. The Cossack elite was almost not engaged in agriculture, they mainly rented out land.
The village was divided into ten yards. One Cossack was chosen from each ten-house, who reported to the ataman of the village about everything that happened on his site. The first elementary school for boys in the village was built only in 1876. There were few children in the school. The school had three classrooms and a corridor. For teaching children, the teacher received 168 rubles a year. In 1881 a school for girls was opened. A teacher in a village school in 1889-1905. worked Yulia Nikolaevna Kuibysheva (mother of V.V. Kuibyshev). The other part of the city was called "philistine".

This part of the city was inhabited mainly by the peasant poor. It consisted of immigrants who voluntarily came to the "new lands" and exiles from the European part of Russia. Voluntarily resettled were given small land plots of 1-3 acres - forest land, pasture for livestock. The allotments were mainly allotted on solonetsous soils, so many peasants rented land from the village Cossacks. The buildings in the philistine part were mostly wooden.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. View from the chapel 1887

Until 1887, there were 231 of all buildings. The townspeople had a separate church (Mikhailo-Arkhangelskaya), which was located where the city garden is now (approximately at the location of the koumiss church). There were two mosques in the city: one in the bourgeois part (on Uritsky street), the other, approximately, where the Koktem store is now located. There was a post and telegraph office. The 15-bed hospital was served by a doctor and a paramedic. There were no hotels or cabs.
For trade, shop rows were built, in which there were several manufacturing shops. In the middle between the rows of shops stretched long tables for the sale of small goods. Now there is no trace left of the old bazaar. On the site where it used to be, a large square was laid out and the building of the House of Soviets was built (now the Ministry of Natural Resources and Protection environment).

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. Fair 1900

Significantly revived the city during the fairs, which were held annually from September 14 to October 1 on the road in the direction of Zerenda. She soon became widely known. Merchants from Petropavlovsk, Kurgan, Omsk, Semipalatinsk, Akmola, Karkaralinsk and other places came here. Bargaining began on the market square and was a motley picture. On the eve of the fair, for several days, rows of booths, chests, yurts, carts appeared on a vast territory, thousands of people gathered. Manufactory, haberdashery, timber, household items, carriages, furs, hardware and other blacksmith products came true here. There were many private small enterprises in the bourgeois side.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. Windmills on the lake 1900

Along the shore of the lake, in the area of ​​Granichnaya Street (Kirov St.), Kuznechnaya Street (Baitursynov St.), private forges were located. They repaired inventory, shod horses, and made simple agricultural implements. In addition to the forges, windmills stretched along the coast, of which there were more than twenty. The most extreme mill on the shore belonged to one of the wealthiest people in the city, Strigin. There were also water mills on the Chaglinka River.
Part of the townspeople, who did not have their own baths, used common baths entrepreneurs Sazonova and Kuzmina. Of the large enterprises, by the end of the century, the city had only a tannery, a slaughterhouse, and fat furnaces. In technical terms, for example, tanneries were very primitive, the method of processing leather from beginning to end remained manual, there were no skilled workers. The entire inventory of factories was exhausted by the presence of a large vat, tubs (soaking and tanning). Even worse was the sheepskin industry. At local sheepskin enterprises, sheepskins were fermented, not tanned. There were no shoe enterprises, except for handicraft workshops. The payroll of these consisted of 6-10 permanent and 15-20 seasonal workers.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. Windmill 1900

Political power in the city was in the hands of the commercial and industrial bourgeoisie, the agricultural wealthy elite, which had a particularly great influence on the social and economic life of the city. Residents of the city, having property worth less than 200 rubles, had no right to participate in political and public life. It is especially interesting that the philistine part of the city had a special rule. At the head of the city was the city government, which until 1917 was located in the building where the fire department used to be. Later it was rebuilt, now the old Kokshetau hotel is located on this site. In addition to the city government, the city had a police department, a county military department, a bailiff of the city, which were located in a building located on Cemetery (Soviet) street. Now in this building there is Technocontract LLP.

There were few schools in the philistine part of the city; a small number of children studied in them. At the corner of Bolshoi (K. Marx) and Granichnaya (Kirov) streets there was a county public school. The first teacher in it was Vladimir Ilyich Tchaikovsky (brother of the great composer P.I. Tchaikovsky), on the opposite corner there was an elementary school. There was also a one-class school in the city, later there was secondary school N 7 in this building, then it was demolished, at present the building of the city akimat is located on this site. In one of the above primary schools studied Valerian Vladimirovich Kuibyshev (1888-1935), later a prominent figure in the Bolshevik Party and the Soviet state.

In the 90s of the nineteenth century, a Kazakh school was opened in the city, which worked at the mosque, it was led by the mullah of the mosque, the famous learned theologian Naukanbai Talasov, popularly known as Nauan-Khazret. And in the same years, not far from shopping center amateur gardener Kudryavetsky laid out a small park of poplars and acacias. Then, when the park grew up, Kudryavetsky opened it for general use. This park is now unrecognizable. The city garden is especially crowded in summer, the townspeople love to relax here on weekends.

The well-known Russian researcher G. N. Potanin, who visited our city at the end of the last century, compared it with Vladikavkaz. “Like the Caucasian one,” he wrote, “this one lies on a plane, but now a mountain begins outside the city, and the city garden begins on the mountain.” During these years, artificial lighting appeared in the city for the first time. Quite bulky lanterns hung out on the streets. They were glass tetrahedrons mounted on poles. Inside such a lantern was a wick immersed in hemp oil. The owners turned on the light at nightfall and put it out when they went to bed. Basically, wealthy merchants, landowners, Cossack officers used such street lighting.

In the special edition “The Economic Condition of the City and Settlements of Siberia”, published in 1882, the following data were reported about Kokchetav: “Kokchetav consists of a large village and a village being rebuilt next to it. There are 300 houses and more than 1800 inhabitants in the village, in the urban settlement there are only 60-70 houses and about 450 inhabitants, exclusively bourgeois. There are seven streets in the village, and only two in the urban settlement. Many merchants point to the advantageous position of the village for trade. The main items of trade in Kokchetav are livestock, livestock products, as well as bread, manufactory and colonial goods.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. Shop merchant Korotkov 1900

In 1894, a questionnaire was sent to all county centers and large settlements in Siberia and Kazakhstan, based on its analysis, in 1895 Kokchetav was officially recognized as a city. Already in the 1990s, the city's industry was represented by small plants for processing agricultural products: 1 meat-slaughtering plant, 1 fire-rolling plant, 2 salotopes, 10 forges, 1 steam mill, 2 brick factories (52 workers), etc. There were manufacturing and grocery stores, bread the shops. In 1899 the city income was 2900 rubles.

Over the decade (1887-1897) in Kokchetav, the number of houses more than doubled (from 231 to 500), according to the 1897 census, about 5,000 people lived in the city (1824 - 350 people lived, 1868 - 1685 people).

One of the first two-story buildings in the city was a house built in 1869 on Srednaya Street, in the 90s it belonged to the wealthy merchant Baltykhan. Today, Azyk-Tulik LLP is located here.

The social composition of the townspeople was as follows: “nobles - 41 people, merchants - 71, philistines (persons of the urban class from small merchants and artisans, lower employees) - 3039 people, Cossacks - 581 people. 426 people (raznochintsy) also temporarily lived in the city, along with Russians, 1121 Muslims lived: Kazakhs, Tatars, people from Central Asia". (TsGA RK., f.369, op.1, d.2057, l.6).

Thus, at the end of the last century, the composition of the city's population was variegated both socially and nationally. Another characteristic feature was that males predominated among the townspeople. Apparently, this was due to the fact that there were many exiles in the city.

In 1881, the tsarist government adopted a document prepared by the Minister of the Interior, Count Ignatiev, the so-called "Greatest Command on the Distribution of Administrative Links." Then Kokchetav ended up on the list of places for the expulsion of "unreliable". I. A. Rafailov was the first of the “unreliable” to arrive in the city from Rostov-on-Don at the end of 1882, after the first exile, S. I. Erastov, a student of St. Zinaida Semyonovna Zatsepina, from hereditary nobles, was sentenced and exiled administratively for 3 years for "participation in a criminal community called the Party of People's Will."

In the first years after the release of the royal decree, V. Vvedensky from St. Petersburg, N. Sazhin from Simferopol, G. Tishchenko from Kerch, S. and V. Yakovlevs from Kazan, P. Chernysheva from Poltava and many others arrived in the city. From the first days of their stay in the city, the exiles met with workers and peasants, carried out explanatory work, charged the townspeople with new thoughts and ideas. In 1890, a district prison was built in Kokchetav for the maintenance of persons under investigation and trial, sentenced to imprisonment, as well as exiled and transit prisoners in the city of Kokchetav. “In terms of its size, the building was designed for 15 arrested people, but those held in prison were 2-3 times more” (Obzor of the Akmola Region., Ed. 1894, p. 73).

Stanitsa schools for boys of the Kokchetav district information for 1900:

Zerendinskaya was opened in 1855. studied boys 95
Sandyktavskaya was opened in 1869, boys studied67
Lobanovskaya was opened in 1852. studied boys 47
Shchuchinskaya was opened in 1852. studied boys 123
Koturkulskaya was opened in 1852. studied boys 126
Akan-Burlukskaya was opened in 1869. 72 boys studied
Aryk-Balykskaya was opened in 1852. studied boys 92

The year 1900 came unnoticed. Started the countdown new Age. The socio-economic development of Kokchetav, like other cities of the Russian Empire, followed the path of development of capitalism.
By this time, the city already had 90 different trading establishments with a turnover of 706,650 rubles. At the beginning of the century, in 1904, the first brick building was built in the city, it belonged to a rich man, the owner of a wine-growing, later an iron foundry, Smurov (at present, this building houses the Museum of Local History).

In 1912, the so-called excise taxes (that is, an indirect tax on certain consumer goods) were introduced in the Kokchetav district. They consisted of the turnover of the monopoly sale of state-owned wine, alcohol and other products under the jurisdiction of excise supervision. By this time, the city had: one large wine warehouse, 2 wine shops, 2 taverns, 2 Rensky cellars (Rensky is the old name for grape wine), 9 beer shops. For the year, according to the documents of that period, the city spent 6172 wines for local consumption, 6 buckets for 58417 rubles 90 kopecks.

In 1910, on the initiative of the city dweller K. I. Zakharov, the first summer cinema was built from wood. Zakharov, as a fan of this business, showed films in the summer. He acquired the apparatus and films privately. He himself sold tickets to visitors. In general, the industry, if it can be called that, was represented by small handicraft-type workshops for the processing of agricultural products. The list of workers in these workshops constituted a small group of the population. In 1902, in the city, for example, 26 workers worked at eight tanneries, 65 workers at 4 fat-melting factories, 4 and 52 people at two butter factories.

Consequently, the local proletariat was small. But Kokchetav, like hundreds of other remote cities of the Russian Empire, did not stand aside from the political struggle. The first distributors of the ideas of Marxism in the Kazakh steppe were political exiles from St. Petersburg, Moscow, Odessa, Kazan and other cities. Among them was a member of the St. Petersburg Blagoev group, VG Kharitonov, who was active in Kokchetav, Atbasar, and Pavlodar.

Among the first who raised his voice in defense of the oppressed was. Revolutionary proclamations, VV Kuibyshev first delivered from Omsk in July 1900. They made a big impression on the townspeople. For the representatives of the haves, it was a shock. Following the first leaflets, second, third ones appeared ... An underground printing house was created in the city, in July 1904 - the first circle to promote Marxism among young people. At the same time, the policemen of the city were instructed to strengthen the protection of public order, since at the end of 1906 the governor-general of the Akmola province N.M. Litvinov was killed in Omsk.

With the beginning of 1907, his place was taken by a strong-minded, active V. S. Losevsky. The newly baked governor addresses the royal court and, at his request, on February 13, 1907, the Senate declares the Kokchetav district and the city itself to be under increased protection. Despite this, at the end of the same year, active actions of the masses began in the city and throughout the county. With the outbreak of the First World War, the situation in the city escalated to the limit. The front demanded a large number food. Livestock and fodder were requisitioned from the population, and they were subjected to unbearable taxes. An additional military tax was introduced. Prices were continuously raised for all products and essentials. The attitude of the townspeople to the imperialist war is characterized by the uprising of the 4th and 7th Cossack regiments. The Cossacks massacred the officers, one of them, the commander of Borodin, was killed, in a fit of anger they burned the officers' club in the city. The imperialist war did not justify the aims of tsarism. The news of the overthrow of the king quickly spread throughout the country.

In Kokchetav, the tsarist officials tried to keep this event a secret from the population. But the revolutionary group widely informed the townspeople about the overthrow of tsarism. At the beginning of March 1917, at a rally, a decision was made to arrest the district chief, representatives of the tsarist government. A team of soldiers led by the revolutionary Sushkov took the tsarist officials into custody, occupied the telegraph office and the administrative offices of the city. From among the most active revolutionaries in Kokchetav, a temporary governing body is organized - the Uyezd Executive Committee. Following him, the Bolsheviks created the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, and the agronomist of the Kokchetav village, the Bolshevik Demetsky, was elected as the representative of the Soviet.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. Rally, March 1917

In December 1917, at a crowded meeting on the market square, the Kokchetav Sovdop announced the transfer of power into the hands of the Soviet and set about creating a Soviet apparatus. But in June 1918, foreign intervention began in the city with the aim of overthrowing the Soviet regime.

On June 2, 1918, Czechoslovak troops, with the support of the White Guards, entered the city. On June 3, Colonel Pelymsky of the Cossack army and the local rich man Mikheev proclaimed themselves the masters of the city. Prominent organizers of Soviet power Demetsky, Sushkov, the Shevelev brothers, Smirnov, Potanin were shot. But the victory of the Whites was temporary. The 59th division of the 5th army, which he commanded, defeated the units of General Dutov and entered the city on November 12, 1918.

In the second half of 1919, the Revolutionary Committee was created. Street names, obelisks, monuments, memorial plaques remind of the revolutionary events in Kokchetav.

Postcard from 1974. Monument to the fighters for Soviet power

The inhabitants of Kokchetav erected a majestic monument "To the Fighters for Soviet Power" (architect V.K. Romanko, sculptor V.I. Kostin). The monument was erected at the place where the organizers of the Soviet power were shot in 1918. A young park rustles with foliage around the monument.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the city of Kokchetav still remained a provincial town with narrow, crooked, unpaved streets; its further development took place after the establishment of Soviet power.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. Power plant 1920

In 1916, with the construction of iron foundries in the city, which at that time belonged to the Union Credit Partnership, a power plant was installed that generated energy of 8 kW per hour. This power plant in 1919 could meet the energy needs of 10% of the city's population. Since 1917, these workshops became a factory and were registered by the Akmola provincial department of metal and workers' control was established over them.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. Workshops 1917

Since 1923, the iron foundry began to manufacture winnowing machines, the workers of repair shops assembled 162 threshers, 60 heating pads, 20 stretchers and other agricultural implements in a short time. The plant had a carpentry workshop (6 masters, 1 assistant), a forge (5 blacksmiths), an assembly workshop (2 people), a mechanical workshop (4 turners, 6 locksmiths, 4 assistants), a foundry (1 foundry worker, 5 moulders), etc. . In total, 49 people worked at the plant.

In 1920, leather workshops began to work. At a meeting of the Kokchetav district revolutionary committee, the head of the economic department, Morkovchenko, reported that “22 tanneries with a capacity of 35,000 skins per year have been registered. Already 1,400 dressed skins have arrived. It is planned to launch a distillery soon” (GAKO, f. 46, op. 1, d. 5, l. 64). Sheepskin production provided sheepskin coats for the army, fur coat workshops supplied the army with felt boots, shoe shops and other enterprises were launched (there was a civil war in the country). By this time, the match factory, 11 powder mills were nationalized, including the largest flour mills - Kolesnikov, with a total capacity of more than 1800 pounds of flour per day, Yavarsky, more than 1400 pounds. On the basis of the former Yavarsky mill, in 1924 they began to build an elevator (completed by February 1928).

On August 5, 1920, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, at the suggestion of V.I. Lenin, decided to build the Petropavlovsk-Kokchetav railway line. It was supposed to contribute to the development of a rich agricultural region. V.I. Lenin closely followed the construction of the road, attached it exceptional importance, called it a shock food railway line.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. First steam locomotive 1922

In 1926, the first long-term plan for the development of the urban economy for 1926-1931 was adopted in Kokchetav. Over the five years in the city of Kokchetav, it was planned to build 15 residential buildings, 2 buildings for secondary educational institutions, improve the city, it was planned to plant 15,000 new seedlings, etc. (the trees growing on the central streets were planted during this period).

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. Alekseevsky bridge 1929

In 1929, in addition to the wine-making and mechanical factories, the Rassvet artel was organized in the city, specializing in the production of confectionery products; sweets, the so-called "pillows", were in great demand among the townspeople. The artel was located on the site of the building of the city department of internal affairs along M. Gorky Street (formerly Bazarnaya Street). Artel "Progress" produced shoe cream, glue, drinking bowls, pottery, even in the city there was an artel of coopers who made wooden barrels and tubs for the economy.

Since 1932, the Krasny Lomovik woodworking artel began to operate, and even later the Red Banner artel for sewing garments. During these years, significant cultural shifts took place in the city.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. Fair 1920

Much work has been done to eradicate illiteracy. On December 15, 1919, the People's House was opened. 4 sections were organized here: library, lecture, music and vocal and drama. The sections organized performances, concerts and lectures. At the People's House, a music school was opened with classes for piano, violin and wind instruments. The school had 6 teachers and 180 students.

In 1923, a Russian pedagogical college was organized in Kokchetav, which since 1928 became a Kazakh pedagogical school. By 1925, there were 6 schools of the first stage, of which Kazakh, Tatar and 4 Russian. In addition, a Russian seven-year school was organized. 1212 people studied in all schools, 32 teachers worked. On December 11, 1919, a health department was formed with subdivisions: medical, sanitary-epidemic, pharmaceutical. In the same years, a commission was created to combat the epidemic of typhus, headed by the doctor Glagolev M.N. To avoid overloading the infirmary, a special infirmary for convalescents with 80 beds was opened.

In March 1920, a local history museum was created in Kokchetav by the department of public education. The basis of its exposition was various valuable exhibits (old weapons, objects of oriental culture) confiscated from atamans who fled with Kolchak and local rich people. The museum was founded by a group of employees of the local executive committee - Prigozhy, Zhukov and others. Soon, I.S. Khokhlov, a colleague of I.N. Ulyanov, who personally knew V.I. Lenin as a high school student, was invited to head the museum. In 1925, there were 5 libraries in Kokshetau, the fund of which consisted of 12541 books. In the same year, for the first time, the first radio receiver was installed in the premises of the People's House, and in 1927 the first radio unit was installed.

At that time, 12 post and telegraph offices and the same number of auxiliary points functioned in the county. Mail along the Kokchetav-Atbasar-Akmolinsk route, although on horseback, was delivered regularly three times a week. On July 1, 1920, the first issue of the newspaper "Red Plowman" was published in Kokchetav, the organ of the Kokchetav district organizational bureau of the RCP (b) and the revolutionary committee. The newspaper was published in small circulation, on wrapping paper.

An interesting event at the end of 1923 was the invention by Kokchetav citizen I. Savelyev of the typewriter of the Cossack system. An expert commission in Orenburg (the then capital of the republic) reviewed the presented invention and recognized it as the best in comparison with the then available American designs. Soon the craftsman received an order from the Akmola Gubernia Executive Committee for the manufacture of twenty such machines. The writing system of our countryman quickly won the recognition of specialists and served people for a long time.

In January 1928, all counties were abolished, and districts were created on their basis. So, several districts were formed from the Kokchetav district, including Kokchetav. The city becomes a district center.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. First cars

In the 1930s, the growth of industrialization raised the standard of living of the people. In Kokchetav, as well as throughout the country, life began to improve, people worked tirelessly to live better. The city gradually acquired its modern look. The population increased, the number of workers increased. The industry increased its output every year. Already by 1940, electricity was produced in the region of 5.4 million kilowatt / hours. The city annually produced 3.6 million bricks, 11.0 thousand pairs of leather shoes, 20.0 thousand pairs of felted shoes, produced 820 tons of butter, 15 thousand tons of flour and many other products. By this time, new hospitals had been built, and the number of doctors and nurses had increased. A number of residential properties have been put into operation. The housing stock of the city amounted to 59.8 thousand square meters. The population of Kokchetav by this time exceeded 19 thousand people. There were 10 schools in the city, and compulsory seven-year education was introduced.

During these years, mass re-equipment began, additional capacities were installed, more advanced production technologies were introduced, and socialist competition was organized.

First of all, such events were held at the iron foundry, wool beater, and breweries. In 1930-31, casting of 2- and 3-way faucets and furnace casting began at the iron foundry. In 1930, the regional newspaper "Kolkhozny Front" of October 4 wrote: "150% of the production program - to the government of Kazakhstan." The iron foundry named after the OGPU (by that time the plant had been awarded the title “named after the OGPU”) in Kokchetav, by the tenth anniversary of Soviet power in Kazakhstan, comes with a complete victory on the labor front. For the 3rd quarter, the foundry shop of the plant completed the program by 103.7%, reduced scrap by 2.9%, completed the task for copper casting by 254%. Among the best workers of the plant of that time were: foreman Alexandrov, workers Mukhin, Grechukhin and others.

In 1936, the plant began to expand. So, an extension was made to the foundry and the output of casting increased after its completion by 1118 pounds per year. In 1938, 500 people worked at the plant. Released castings and products for 1708 thousand rubles. The plant fulfilled the plan of that year by 103%. The production of that time at the plant represented furnace casting, casting of cranes, parts of agricultural machines, engine repairs. The plant began to master the production of primitive lathes for MTS, made about 15 of them. However, due to the unprofitability of the city, further production was discontinued.

Photo: Local Lore Museum of Kokshetau. View from the hill 1926

A great influence on the increase in labor productivity, and especially in industry, was exerted by the movement that originated on the initiative of the Donetsk miner A. Stakhanov. Its meaning was to fulfill at least two production norms every shift. By the end of 1935, only at the iron foundry, 38 people had already been awarded the high title of Stakhanovite.

Innovative initiative was picked up in all sectors of the national economy. Over time, collective farmers also joined him. A collective farm was also organized in Kokchetav, in the work of which the peasantry of the city took an active part. A lot has really changed in the life of the townspeople. New shops were born, streets were equipped, schools and kindergartens expanded, electricity appeared, a city bathhouse, many public institutions were radio-equipped.

On September 26, 1934, a prominent statesman visited Kokchetav, who, on the instructions of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, studied the situation on the ground, provided practical assistance to party and Soviet bodies. SM Kirov also visited Stepnyak, which was then one of the country's most important gold mining sites. In honor of this event, Granichnaya Street was renamed S. M. Kirov Street.

On September 20, 1938, the City Council of Workers decides to rename the streets: Direct - named after Vorovsky, Prison - Chapaev, Podgornaya - Menzhinsky, Bazarnaya - Gorky, Peresechnaya - Frunze, River - Krupskaya, Svobodnaya - May 1 (later M. Gabdullina), Prigorodnaya - Chkalov, Adjacent - Budyonny, Hospital - Sacco and Vanzetti, 1 Cemetery - Ostrovsky, 2 Cemetery - Furmanov, Peasant - S. Razin, Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk - Lenin, then Middle, Ryazan - Communist, Bolshaya Sadovaya - K. Marx, Petropavlovskaya - Soviet, Border - Kirov, Military - Uritsky, Ivano-Voznesensk - Proletarian, etc.

On June 15-18, 1938, the first session of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR of the first convocation took place. Beisenbayeva Sharipa, a bottler at a distillery, one of the first women deputies in Kazakhstan, was elected from Kokchetav.

In the 1930s, our compatriot writers also made a great contribution to the development of literature in Kazakhstan: Olzhas Bekenov (1892-38), Gabbas Tokzhanov (1900-1938), Shakhmet Kusainov (1906-70) and others. In the 30s in Kokchetav, in addition to the Russian amateur folk theater, there was a Tatar amateur theater, and there was also a Kazakh-Tatar library.

The thirties of the 20th century went down in history as the years of a demographic catastrophe, the tragic consequences of overforced collectivization, which were aggravated by administrative arbitrariness, had an effect. They are also known as the years of mass Stalinist repressions, when prominent representatives of culture, science and education were shot and destroyed in camps. Among them are many Kokshetau compatriots - Ukili Ibrai, A. Dosov, Smagul Sadvakasov, Aidarkhan Turlybaev, Zarap Temirbaev and other prominent political and state figures. During these years, Kokchetav became the starting point for entire echelons of arrested "enemies of the people" who arrived from different cities Russia. For example, in April 1932, more than 150 people had already arrived, and so every month. After the so-called "sorting" these people were sent under escort to who knows where.

Kokshetau University named after Sh.Ualikhanov

Main square of the city

Hotel

Monument to Abylai Khan

KazPost building

Half of a granite ball

Publication date: 08.06.10

Oddly enough, I liked it. Simple, but well shown standard Soviet city.

Yes, it smelled of something old, Soviet - nostalgia. Probably, earlier the city in Russia was called Kokchetav?

Liked! Everything is good, tidy and clean. The city is still called Kokchetav in Russia. It was founded by Russian Cossacks, so why break the language?

AK1981 You should create films in Hollywood, you have a good idea with imagination, made me laugh))) For your information, Kokshetau - translated means "green mountains"

Kokshetau - this is the real name of the city, and it is difficult for Russians to pronounce this name, so they changed it in their own way (Kokchetav). Kokshetau can also be translated from the Kazakh language as Sinegorye.

Bake, I'm not going to shoot films in Hollywood and I'm not going to argue with you either. Get acquainted with the history of this city and Kazakhstan. Look at the maps of the 19th century, they are on the Internet.

Let's not argue about the pronunciation of names. Here are a few examples: in Russian - Moscow, and in English Moscow, in Russian Paris, and in French Pari. Beijing in Russian, Bijing in Chinese. Very well.

The ending "tau" "tai" "tey" (mountains) is often found in Turkic names. In addition, in a heated imagination, such a series arises: tau (Turkic), tyn (glory), town (German) - mountains, fence, fence, i.e. sometimes distorted and genuine names shimmer quite organically.

Kokshetau is a Cyrillic transcription of the Kazakh pronunciation of the name.

AK1981, on the territory of modern Kokshetau, Kazakhs and Tatars were the original inhabitants. It was after that Russians began to move from neighboring provinces. Unlike you, I know the history of Kazakhstan better. Well, I looked at a map of the 18-19th century, well, there were the cities of Orenburg, Saratov, Omsk, Astrakhan as part (in the territory) of Kazakhstan, so what? And you don’t need to teach us how to pronounce Kokshetau correctly, it doesn’t matter to me how they will pronounce Kokchetav or Kokchetavsk, Kakchetau or Kokchataupolis in Russia or the same America. The original name is Kokshetau and there is no need to argue here.
P.S. I didn’t want to cheat anyone and I don’t like these political disputes at all, it’s just that some smart people start writing whatever comes into their heads ...

Wikipedia: Founded in 1824 as a military fortification of Kokchetav. Originally there was a village, since 1868 - the county center. On March 16, 1944, the Kokchetav region was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR and Kokchetav became the regional center.

On October 7, 1993, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the city of Kokchetav was renamed Kokshetau. In the spring of 1997, the Kokshetau region was abolished, Kokshetau ceased to be a regional center. On April 8, 1999, after changing the administrative structure of the Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions, Kokshetau became the regional center of the Akmola region changed within the borders.

elena. Shustrova, thank you! You're right! Just a small addition: the question was: “why break the language?” those. Was it not in consonance and not “in vain” that they gave the “new” name. The answer, apparently, may be as follows: the Russian Cossacks who founded the city initially assigned it a distorted (in consonance with the Kazakh) name. The name Kokchetav as part of the Russian language. and without connection with the Kazakh, apparently, it is meaningless. Even “tov” in Russian can hardly be put on a par with “tau” (mountains) or “town” (city): Saratov is not Sara-city, but Sarat-ov (i.e. answers the question “whose”? ) For comparison - the village of Sarat (Omsk region). However, I am not an expert on the topic, only a teacher. lang. Being originally an official, albeit distorted name, "Kokchetav" has or had a "legitimate" right to exist only by virtue of historical tradition. However, it is hardly worth - and especially now - to demand from the Kazakhs that they call their city a distorted derivative of the Kazakh language.

I absolutely agree with you, juodasis_kelias. But you should not force the inhabitants of Russia to pronounce the Kazakh name, if there is a traditional Russian one.
Bake, I really did not want to enter into an argument with you, but the original name of the city is KOKCHETAV (certainly the transformed Kazakh name of the area).
In 1822, Emperor Alexander I signed a number of bills, according to which, on April 29, 1824, on the southern side of the Borovsky Mountains on the shore of Lake Bolshoye Chebache, the opening of the Kokchetav district order took place. For acquaintance with this document, you can contact the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts.

Azamat Rakhimzhanov. This is most likely the Kazakhs renamed it in their own way. The city of Kokchetav was founded in 1824 as a military fortification of Kokchetav. And already in October 1993, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the city of Kokchetav was renamed the city of Kokshetau. So Mr. Rakhimzhanov needs to know the history of his city.

bake. Dear, the city of Kokchetav was founded as a military fortification, mostly Russians lived there. And after the collapse of the USSR, Kazakhs began to move from the villages to the city of Kokchetav, where complete devastation reigned and reigns. Read the story

))) I know how history was written under the Scoop, especially under Tsarist Russia. Take the Second World War for example, only last year it was recognized that the banner on the Reichstag was hoisted by Lieutenant Rakhimzhan Koshkarbaev and private intelligence officer Grigory Bulatov. And there are many such examples, so dear CLEAN you need to read a reliable story

CLEAN: Kokshetau - the area where the city is located was called, according to the name of the area, having changed in their own way, the Russian settlers called this fortification. I do not claim that the Kazakhs built the city and called it Kokshetau, why did they need a city on pastures ...

Yes, from the moment of signing the decree on the construction of the city to the real start of construction, if I'm not mistaken, 4 years have passed. The local population was against building on their pastures.
Bake, Lieutenant Koshkarbaev and Private Bulatov have been talked about before, several flags like them were installed on the Reichstag. Koshkarbaev crawled in a plastun way and put a red flag on the stairs when the building itself was still occupied by the Nazis. But a banner specially made for this purpose on the dome of the Reichstag was hoisted all the same by Kantaria and Yegorov.

Bake, and here is the banner of the Reichstag, we are talking about the formation of the city. You also give an example that aliens arrive from Mars

Azamat Rakhimzhanov,)))) even though the area is called the golden horde, we are talking about the name of the city that was given to it at the time of its foundation. Also say that the city of Verny (now Alma-ata) was previously a place called almaty))))

We are still talking about the name of the city on this Russian-language site. The question of the discussion could be understood in different ways; but only this last point remains.

CLEAN, I'm not talking about the banner over the Reichstag (this is just for example), but about the history that is being rewritten by each country in its own way.
AK1981 Well, in our country this story was covered differently, the banner was hoisted OVER the Reichstag, and not on the stairs. And when asked by the public why this fact was hidden for more than 60 years, no one answered.
Dear AK1981 and CLEAN, I think this is not the end of this political debate. This discussion will not lead to anything, because. you still stay with yours, and I with mine. Sincerely.

In our time, history is distorted as they want! Therefore, they cannot answer specific questions. Judging in this way, other people can also claim to raise the Banner of Victory.

Interestingly, while building the fortification, the Russians took the name Kokchetav from the ceiling? They used the Kazakh Kokshetau (Blue Mountains) and translated the traditional name of the area into Russian transcription. Naturally, on the maps compiled by Russian cartographers there is a Russified name. And about the fact that mostly Russians lived there... Do you know why? When the Russian Empire fortified its borders with fortresses, it populated these lands with brought Cossacks, workers (in the east and west of Kazakhstan, where raw materials for the empire were mined in the mines) and their families. The local population, that is, the Kazakhs, were expelled from the lands. This is the first. And secondly, in the 50s of the 20th century, the Soviet government began to develop the virgin lands of Kazakhstan. Please note that I do not in the least detract from the importance of their work. Many, many virgin lands remained here. And even before that, there was a forced resettlement of peoples who were unreliable, in the opinion of the Communists, to our republic. Until now, I remember with love our German neighbors, and we were also friends with Ukrainians, Chechens, Poles, Tatars, Koreans. But this land was not their original homeland, as well as for Russians. My parents lived here, the parents of my parents. I am grateful that cities so different and beautiful have grown in our steppe, my beloved Kokshetau and Karaganda, Almaty and Aktobe. But you should not carry a blizzard in the style of Vladimir Volfovich, gentlemen, connoisseurs of history.

Yes, no one argues that the indigenous inhabitants of these lands are Kazakhs. Do not worry.

AK1981 +100))) Pay no attention to anyone - complexes torment people, apparently, this is where the nat begins. troubles and Russophobia, accompanied by a redrawing of history. Apparently our Ivan himself is to blame, too kind. If he were the same as described by many indigenous people of the former republics of the USSR, they would have long lived on reservations like Indians in the United States (by the way, they are also indigenous people), or they would have assimilated. But after all, Rommia is kind, she will teach everyone, build the infrastructure, protect, etc. Good is not sought from good.

sorry for typos)

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Kokshetau is a not too big (145 thousand inhabitants) city 300 kilometers from Astana, the center of the Akmola region - it's as if the center of the Moscow region was, for example, Kolomna. Its history is quite typical for Northern Kazakhstan: it was founded in 1824 as a Cossack village, in 1868 it was raised to county town(5 thousand inhabitants by the beginning of the twentieth century), and in 1944 - to the regional center; in 1997, the Kokchetav region was merged with the Akmola region, and in 1999, with the transfer of the capital, Kokshetau returned to the regional status. The current Kokchetav seemed to me perhaps the most comfortable of the regional cities of Kazakhstan - small, comfortable, picturesquely located among the hills, but most importantly - on the wide round lake Kopa, from which the air here is much fresher and softer than in any of the steppe cities.
Thank you very much for preparing the itinerary around the city telpek .

The first thing that impresses in Kokshetau is a really gigantic station built in the 1980s, located at the same time on the outskirts - from the center it is easy to think that there is only a steppe further, but there is also an industrial zone, the village of Shanghai with a very dubious reputation. Kokchetav has been a major railway junction since Soviet times, trains run from here in four directions:

Inside it is crowded, there are many shops, eateries and other useful establishments such as a hairdresser or an Internet salon, but they save on lighting. From here, after Astana, I left by night train to Karaganda:

Kokshetau is a very compact city, about 5 kilometers across, and it so happened that in the end I walked it from edge to edge on foot. In fact, in vain - from the station to the center (and this is about half an hour on foot) building even on main street Abaya is exceptionally boring, and it's easier to go by bus. I remember only the Palace of Culture of Zheleznodorozhnikov, now the Philharmonic:

A group of high-rise buildings with national patterns:

The House of Culture did not understand what and the unfilmed stadium with beautiful name"Okzhetpes" (the most famous rock in the national park Borovoe, translated "Do not fly the arrow!"):

Yes, steppe hills in the perspective of perpendicular streets:

Abay Avenue crosses Abylai Square - one poet, "Kazakh Pushkin", another khan, who beat the Dzungars, united three zhuzes under his rule and accepted the protectorate of Russia (I wrote about it in more detail,). It is believed that Abylai convened an army and held a council before going to the Dzungars in the mountains of Borovoe - therefore, his name main square Kokchetava is not named by chance. On the square there is an impressive Stalinist akimat, which, by the way, is by no means typical for Kazakhstan - most of the administrative buildings in the republic are late Soviet:

View in the other direction, on Abay street - a hotel, a post office and an alley leading to the recreation center "Kokshetau":

In general, the city center is made up of 4 squares and quarters between them. Between Abay and Auezov streets there is the semi-official Abylay Square and the "people's" Independence Square with attractions and cafes (in the latter there is a very good shawarma, that is, durum), separated by a central park. Approximately half a kilometer to the south, on Akana Sere Street, these two squares correspond to the squares near the recreation center "Kokshetau" and Victory Park. In the other direction, obliquely from the Akimat on Auezov Street - the new building of the Kazakh Drama Theater named after Kusainov:

Moreover, between the akimat and Auezov Street there is almost the entire preserved county Kokchetav, and this is within a dozen houses. Right in the backyard of the akimat, a self-made England was suddenly discovered:

The first house is occupied by a gymnasium, and apparently was built as an educational institution from the beginning. The second one belonged to the merchant Smurov (1904), and is now occupied by the museum:

Between them there is a nice Gothic wing - a very unusual architecture for Kazakhstan:

Nearby, behind Auezov Street - the former Trade Rows, converted into a cinema in Soviet times:

And opposite the drama theater is the estate of the merchant Sokolov, consisting of stone and wooden houses. The stone one has unusual architraves:

But here I almost had problems with the organs: after taking a couple of shots "from the waist", I thought that it would be better to take a picture of the house "from the eye" near the house ... and then I heard a shout. A man in civilian clothes approached me, asked me for what purpose I photographed the house, and demanded to show my documents. As always, I answered very politely and calmly that I was a traveler from Russia, writing a guide to Kazakhstan, here is my business card, and I photographed the house because it is one of the few surviving buildings of the county period, an architectural and historical landmark ... The man in civilian clothes answered that this is "an administrative building, and it cannot be filmed," and demanded that the footage be erased. I tried to explain that this is the most beautiful old house in the city, without it the material would be incomplete - it didn’t work: “Let’s be nice: you delete these frames, but I don’t call anyone” ... in general, I decided to give in, although after and still carefully photographed the house. What is so secret here, I never found out, but most likely the office of the local state security. If in Russia the most photo paranoia is usually at transport facilities (railway stations, subways, etc.), then in Kazakhstan it is on the buildings of various government agencies. And the house is really pretty.

There are also a few other old houses, but I have not found them. Let's go back to Abylai Square and along the spruce boulevard (officially - Satpayev Street) we will go to the recreation center of Kokshetau.

The boulevard with its firs is very cozy, but not rich in architecture - except for this mosaic, there is nothing for the eye to catch on:

The length of the boulevard is about half a kilometer, and halfway through it crosses the rather busy Auelbekov Street with the city clinic. Here it is worth deviating a hundred meters from the boulevard to the right to see another fragment of the county Kokchetav - a wooden mosque (1904) named after Nauan Khazret, decorated with carved platbands:

Actually DK "Kokshetau" of the 1960s:

A block from which, on the border of high-rise buildings and the private sector - quite interesting Monument To the winners. The iron star tree is a very unexpected image:

Behind the memorial, walking about a kilometer south through the area of ​​private housing, you can see wooden church Michael the Archangel (1896) - the only survivor from the county Kokchetav:

Now, as elsewhere in Kazakhstan, this is a whole block, isolated from the surrounding area. A hundred years ago, the church looked a little different - four domes on the cardinal points, a hipped bell tower above the refectory:

As you can see, the development of the county town used to come close to it. Now the entire southern half of Kokshetau is endless quarters of the private sector, where shacks side by side with mansions on unpaved streets:

Moreover, one-story Kokchetav goes around the center from the west, reaching the lake. Only this part of it is a completely historical suburb of Cossacks, and the largest concentration of pre-revolutionary houses is here - west of the center along the already familiar streets of Auezov, Abay and Auelbekov:

Quite recognizable landscape of the Cossack village. Like the entire territory of the Middle Zhuz (the Steppe General Governorate as part of the Akmola and Semipalatinsk regions), Kokchetav was in the area of ​​responsibility of the Siberian Cossacks:

One of the houses at the very end of Auelbekov Street is distinguished by a cleared area and high monument. This is the house-museum of Kuibyshev, where Valerian Vladimirovich (born in 1888 in Omsk) spent his childhood (1889-98). The house is older than the Archangel Michael Church - so it is in the Cossacks that the oldest building of Kokchetav is also lost.

In the neighborhood on Akana-Sere Street is the Church of St. Anthony, the largest of the existing churches in Kokshetau:

And from above, these shots were taken not by chance - the streets of Kazakov rest against the hills, on the tops of which there are as many as two viewing platforms - one above the lake, the other above the city:

And despite the strong wind and the location on the outskirts, it is also quite crowded here - while I was on the site, a guy and a girl came here, a wedding procession, children of primary school age ... The city is visible from here from end to end - it is about 5 kilometers in diameter , and about the same size oval lake Kopa:

The following views are from right to left, that is, from south to north, from the steppe to the lake. Here the lake is behind me, the border of the city and the bald hills surrounding it are clearly visible - the spurs of the Kokchetav Upland, which gradually rises to the south, culminating in the mountains of Borovoye:

The next sector is the most nondescript, but if you wish, you can see the church in it - the frame was shot at a 35x zoom. Pay attention to the diocesan building next door - it stands in the back of the churchyard:

Auelbekov Street goes almost strictly forward, resting on the industrial zone at railway. You can see the minaret of the mosque and the station tower at the other end of the city:

A little to the left - the industrial zone behind the station and the steppe behind the industrial zone:

A little more to the left - in the background, the continuation of the industrial zone, closer - the most pretentious shopping center "Rio" in Kokshetau and the local long-term construction - the New Mosque:

And finally, even more to the left, you can clearly see how the city hugs Lake Kopa, and how the private sector and high-rise buildings replace each other. Behind the long gray house on the right side of the frame is Burabay (Borovoe) Square, which is at the end of the post.

I came down from the mountain in the company of two very nice Kazakh children, who in good Russian (apparently, a Russian-speaking family) asked me about my travels and about Russia. They were especially interested in how cities look in Russia, and I tried to explain that it was almost the same as in Kazakhstan - because when they were built, it was all one country. I wonder if they understood what they were talking about? The current Kokshetau, by the way, is one of the most Kazakh cities in the north - Kazakhs make up 51% of the population here, and Russians 33%. Nevertheless, the name "Kokchetav" is in use, as it seemed to me, even more than "Kokshetau".
The children put me on a bus, and soon I returned to the center, from where I decided to take the shortest straight line to Lake Kopa. The shortest straight line started from Independence Square, and to my surprise, there was a rather slum area between the center and the lake:

In addition, in the evening on the lake and on the way to it, I met several drunken companies, and I visibly tensed, preparing to hear the drunken "Uh, who is this, I didn’t drink ?!" - but it worked out. On the lake, whatever you say, it's good. Fresh damp wind rinses and cools. Of all the cities in Kazakhstan (excluding those where I was only in winter), Kokshetau has the most pleasant air. Despite the fact that the lake is small, the far shore is clearly visible:

This pier can be seen on frame No. 35. In the background, both observation platforms on the hills are clearly visible - I was on the one to the left, near the abandoned hotel or Shanyrak restaurant:

Finally, I decided to go to Burabay - almost the official symbol of the city, to which Gorky Street, perpendicular to Abai Avenue, leads - the main streets of the southern and east coast respectively:

On the way - quite interesting examples of late Soviet architecture:

The Central Market closed for the night and the mosque under construction in a brutal environment:

This is how it will be - frankly, the project is not very original:

And here is Burabay himself, which symbolizes the rocks national park Borovoe. It should be noted that the appearance is really recognizable (and I was first in Borovoye, then in Kokshetau) - as if a section of Borovoye absorbed by a big city:

There are metal deer on the rock and two girls of high school age, whispering about something at the top. People walk around with children, and children are constantly trying to climb up there.

Behind Burabay, the Kylshakty river in the stone embankment:

After a couple of hundred meters, the Kopa flows into Lake:

Well, in the following parts we will go to the real Burabay, or, if in Russian, to Borovoye, resort number 1 in Kazakhstan, which is 70 kilometers from Kokshetau towards Astana.

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My other posts about Kazakhstan -

The content of this section is not a new historical study of the history of Kokshetau or a detailed presentation of it. The main milestones in the development of the city are highlighted by dates. At the same time, materials from publications in the press were used (in the local newspapers "Stepnoy Mayak", "Risk-Business", the advertising and information guide "Kokshetau", etc.). Some information and illustrations are taken from the site kokshetau.online.kz. , where newspaper publications about Kokshetau are quite fully stated. Most of the illustrations are taken from the archive of the city newspaper "Vesti", published in 1996 and deceased in Bose. They were provided to her for publication by the regional museum of local history.

If one of the readers has a desire to supplement the pages with some material or correct possible inaccuracies, wishes can be sent by E-mail:

OPENING OF THE KOKCHETAV ORDER

The history of the emergence of the city of Kokchetava is closely connected with the events of the annexation of Kazakhstan to Russia in the middle of the 18th century. Since that time, the construction of fortresses and pickets began on the territory of northern Kazakhstan, which served as outposts for the gradual development of the Kazakh steppe.

In 1822, Emperor Alexander I signed a number of bills, according to which Siberia was divided into two governorates: Western and Eastern. The first included the Tobolsk and Tomsk provinces and the Omsk region. The territory on which the current Kokshetau is located, as part of the Middle Zhuz, became part of the Omsk region, while the internal self-government of the Kazakh communities was still preserved.

In accordance with these decisions, on April 29, 1824, on the southern side of the Kokchetav (Borovsk) mountains on the shore of the Kokchetav (Big Chebache) lake, the opening of the Kokchetav district order took place. Gabaydulla Valikhanov, the eldest son of the last khan of the Middle Juz Vali, was elected chairman (senior sultan). The district included 45,000 souls of the indigenous population. All of them were divided into 17 volosts.

This date was legally fixed by a decree of the Governing Senate and is considered the date of foundation of the city of Kokchetav, although three more years passed before the laying of the settlement on the site where the city is now located. The local population resolutely opposed the fact that the new settlement was located in the chosen place. Three years passed in search of a suitable place for settlement.

Finally, a convenient, from a military point of view, place was chosen: on the one side of the hills, from the heights of which one can survey a significant space, on the other side, a vast lake, which makes the fortification built here impregnable. The factor that the nearby hills were covered with timber and wood forests was also taken into account, in an amount that made it possible to build and develop a large settlement.

Thus, in the summer of 1827, the district order was transferred to the foot of the Bukpa hill, where the city is still located. The settlement began to be called Kokchetav (in Russian transcription, by name, mountains clearly visible in clear weather, blue in the distance, in Kazakh called Kokshetau - "blue mountain").

FROM FOUNDATION TO PRESENT

The settlement of Kokchetav from the moment of its foundation was carried out by immigrants from the Chelyabinsk district, Orenburg and Saratov provinces.

The settlers built good houses for themselves, cutting down the pine forest adjacent to the lake. But the village under construction did not have a master's appearance, was not well-maintained. The buildings did not differ in special architecture, scope and amenities. Felled wooden houses were built, as a rule, from two rooms with decks, separated by a dark corridor. Instead of glass, the windows were covered with dressed animal peritoneum or dry films of bull bladders.

From the second half of XIX in. active settlement of Kokchetav begins. In 1863, the population became so large that 72 trade and 10 dairy shops, 11 drinking establishments were already operating in the city to meet its needs. There are two schools - Kazakh and stanitsa.

The village itself grew so much that in 1887 it already had 288 houses and 1819 inhabitants.

Outside the stanitsa, the philistine part of the city was built. Mostly the poor settled there, consisting of peasant settlers and exiles from the European part of Russia. The boundary between them was Granichnaya Street (then Kirov Street, now Zarap Temirbekov Street).

Two churches were built, separately in the village and in the philistine part. There were also two mosques.

In 1868 a new system of administration was introduced, the outer districts and the power of the senior sultans were abolished. The Kokchetav outer district, as a county, became part of the Akmola region with the center in the city of Omsk, and the village of Kokchetavskaya became the county center. The county was ruled by the county chief Alexei Ivanovich Tupolev, his deputy was Yakub Valikhanov (brother of Shokan Valikhanov). The village received the status of a city, which became known as Kokchetav.

In 1876 Kokchetav lost its military importance. The line and the fortress were abolished, the steppe self-government was liquidated. The steppe became an integral part of the Russian Empire and obeyed its laws along with the rest of the provinces.

The buildings in the city were mostly wooden. There were no hotels or cabs. A 15-bed hospital was built, staffed by one doctor and a paramedic. There were many small enterprises in the bourgeois part: forges, repair and other handicraft workshops, windmills and water mills. The largest enterprises at that time were a tannery (the entire inventory consisted of a large vat and soaking and tanning tubs), a slaughterhouse and a fat furnace. There were several manufacturing shops and shopping arcades for trading in small goods. The city came to life during the annual autumn fairs, when merchants from Petropavlovsk, Kurgan, Omsk, Semipalatinsk, Akmola and other places gathered. On a vast territory, rows of booths, yurts, chests arose, thousands of people gathered. Trade items were manufactory, haberdashery, timber, household items, furs and other goods.

In 1904, the first brick building belonging to the rich man Smurov was built in the city (now it houses the local history museum). But there were still not enough inhabitants in Kokchetav. In 1912, according to the documents of that period, they drank only 6172.6 buckets of wine for the whole year.

In 1910, on the initiative of the city dweller K. I. Zakharov, the first summer cinema was built from wood.

In 1916, with the construction of iron foundries, a power plant with a capacity of 8 kW per hour was launched.

Further successes in the development of Kokchetav are directly related to the establishment and formation of Soviet power.

After the February Revolution of 1917, the District Executive Committee was organized in the city. At the same time, the Bolsheviks created the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, which in December of the same year took power into its own hands.

With the beginning of peaceful life after the bloody civil war, the progressive development of all aspects of the life of the city continued.

In 1919, the People's House was opened. At the People's House, a music school was opened with classes for piano, violin and wind instruments. The school had 6 teachers and 180 students.

On July 1, 1920, the first issue of the Krasny Pakhar newspaper was published, which is considered the progenitor of the Stepnoy Mayak newspaper that still exists today.

In 1921, in connection with the formation of the Kazakh ASSR as part of Russian Federation Kokchetav as part of the Akmola region is withdrawn from the Omsk province.

In 1923, a Russian Pedagogical College was organized in Kokchetav, which in 1928 became a Kazakh Pedagogical School. By 1925, there were already 6 schools in the city, one Kazakh and one Tatar. In addition, a Russian seven-year school was opened. In all schools, 1212 people were already studying and 32 teachers were working.

Since 1919, the health department has been operating.

In March 1920, a local history museum was created in Kokchetav by the department of public education.

In 1922, the construction of the railway line Petropavlovsk-Kokchetav was completed.

In 1925, there were five libraries in the city, the total fund of which was 12,541 books.

In 1927 the first radio station was installed.

In 1928, the elevator was launched. Later, the Krasny Lomovik woodworking artel and the Krasnoye Znamya artel for tailoring garments began to operate.

In 1928, all counties were abolished and districts were introduced instead. Kokchetav uyezd was divided into several districts. Kokchetav becomes the regional center of the Kokchetav region.

In 1940, the population of the city exceeded 19,000 people. Compulsory seven-year education was introduced. The number of schools has grown to ten.

During the Great Patriotic War, every fourth citizen went to the front. 29 residents of Kokchetav were awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union. Six of our fellow countrymen became full cavaliers of the Order of Glory.

In September 1941, an echelon with evacuated workers and equipment from the Podolsk sewing machine plant arrived in Kokchetav, which was located and launched on the basis of the Mechanical Plant existing in the city and immediately began to produce defense products. Since August 1941, evacuation hospital No. 2447 for the soldiers of the Red Army worked in the city. Later, a special hospital No. 3602 for wounded German prisoners of war was located in the city.

From February 20, 1932 to June 29, 1936, the city of Kokchetav was part of the Karaganda region as district center, and Petropavlovsk was its regional administrative center. From 1936 to 1944, the city of Kokchetav belonged to the North Kazakhstan region.

On March 16, 1944, the Kokchetav region was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR and Kokchetav became the regional center.
After the war, the city needed a lot of workers.

In 1949, 26 thousand people lived in the city.

The Mechanical (later Instrument-Making) Plant began to gain strength. At first, he produced equipment and products for the clothing industry. In the future, it was redesigned for the production of weight measuring products. In the post-war years, a brick factory, a 2-storey building of a shoe shop and other enterprises of the local industry were put into operation. But the city was still very small.

Rapid growth locality began in the second half of the 1950s. In 1958, a garment factory began to operate, in 1959 the Oxygen-Respiratory Equipment Plant was put into operation, which for a long time was the largest enterprise in the city with several thousand employees. Since 1954, buses and taxis have been running in the city.
The buildings of the cooperative technical school and many houses of culture were built, a 3-storey regional hospital was built. Multi-storey housing construction began, the first paved street appeared (K. Marx St., now Abay St.). Has changed central square cities. The building of the House of Soviets was built (now it houses the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection). According to the 1959 census, the population of Kokchetav was already 52.9 thousand people. Two regional newspapers are published in the city - in the Kazakh language "Kokshetau Pravdasy", in Russian - "Kokchetavskaya Pravda" (from 1944 to 1956 it was called "Stalin's Banner", in May 1963 it was called "Steppe Lighthouse").

In March 1960, the city of Leningrad took patronage over the Kokchetav region, and its two largest districts - Dzerzhinsky and Kuibyshevsky - took patronage over the city of Kokchetav.

But Kokchetav reached its greatest development in the 1970-1980s.

All the schools that exist today in the city were built at that time, housing construction was going on at a fast pace. The Palace named after V. I. Lenin was built, new airport, who was able to take on his lane big planes, which made it possible to maintain air communication with major cities USSR - Moscow, Leningrad, Alma-Ata and many others. New buildings of the railway and bus stations were built.

Kokchetav became a major aviation and railway hub. This was especially noticeable during the summer months. When planning your trips, you had to think about buying tickets 30 days in advance. To become the owner of a ticket, one had to queue at the box office from the evening before the day the ticket sales began.

Several higher educational institutions and branches of research institutes operate in the city.

In 1977, the population of Kokchetav exceeded one hundred thousand.

In the 80s, the development of the city became especially noticeable. The central part of the city radically changed its appearance. New buildings of high-rise hotels, a department store appeared, M. Gorky Street was transformed. It was during these years that the districts "Central", "Vasilkovka" were built. The radio plant began to operate, which in the future was assigned the role of the largest plant not only on the scale of the city, but also of great importance on the scale of the Soviet Union. In 1982, the Vasilkovsky Mining and Processing Plant was launched. In 1984, the construction of a porcelain factory was completed. New buildings of the regional hospital have been built and new polyclinics are opening. During these years, many other enterprises were launched. Actively proceeds cultural life cities. Artists from leading theaters from all over the country often visit the city.
A Russian drama theater operates in the city, a museum of literature and art opens.

The population of Kokchetav in the second half of the 80s exceeded the figure of 150 thousand people.

After the collapse of the USSR in 1991 and during the years of formation and strengthening of the independence of Kazakhstan and in the process of reforming the economy, Kokchetav, like many other cities, had to endure some losses. One of the flagships of the industry, the Kokchetav Instrument-Making Plant, ceased to exist.

Now more than 2 thousand different enterprises of various forms of ownership operate in the city. Some of them are quite active and have a solid reputation both in cities and outside of Kazakhstan.
The city has a network of private cafes, shops, hairdressers, branches. There are branches of the largest Kazakhstani banks.

On October 7, 1993, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan was issued on transcribing the names in Russian: Kokchetav region as Kokshetau and Kokchetav city as Kokshetau.

In 1995, the museum of Hero of the Soviet Union Malik Gabdullin was opened.

In 1996, the Kazakh Music and Drama Theater named after A. Sh. Kusainova.

In June 1996, on the basis of three universities - pedagogical, agricultural and polytechnical, a university was opened, which bears the name of our countryman, scientist-encyclopedist Sh. Ualikhanov.

In the spring of 1997, by decision of the government, the Kokshetau region was abolished. Kokshetau ceased to be a regional center. According to the census conducted in March 1999, the population of the city was 132.9 thousand people.

On April 8, 1999, after changing the administrative structure of the Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions, Kokshetau again became the regional center of the Akmola region changed within the borders.

This may be of interest to you:

Akmola region| Akmola

City `s history

April 29, 1824 - the date of the opening of the Kokchetav outer district was legally fixed by a decree of the government senate and is considered the date of the founding of the city. In the city of Kokchetav, the district was transformed into a county, Kokchetav became known as the county center. Officially, the status of the city of Kokchetav was assigned to the city, by that time more than 5 thousand people lived in the city.
From the middle of the XIX century. in Kokchetav, a large wave of immigrants poured into the free lands, driven by need and hunger from Russia. In Kokchetav, the population rapidly increased. For settlers - peasants, other plots of land were allocated, and residential construction was allowed only outside the Cossack village. Thus, the philistine part of the city grew up next to the village.
In March, the local history museum was created in Kokchetav by the department of public education. The basis of its exposition was various valuable exhibits (old weapons, objects of oriental culture) confiscated from atamans who fled with Kolchak and local rich people. In the city there were 5 libraries, the fund of which consisted of 12541 books. In the same year, for the first time, the first radio receiver was installed in the premises of the People's House, and the first radio unit was installed in the city. At that time, 12 post and telegraph offices and the same number of auxiliary points functioned in the county.
Mail along the route Kokchetav - Atbasar - Akmolinsk, even on horseback, was delivered regularly three times a week. On July 1, the first issue of the newspaper "Red Plowman" was published in Kokchetav, the organ of the Kokchetav district organizational bureau of the RCP (b) and the revolutionary committee. The newspaper was published in small circulation, on wrapping paper.
In January, all counties are abolished, and districts are created on their basis. So, several districts were formed from the Kokchetav district, including Kokchetav. The city becomes a district center.
In the 1930s, the growth of industrialization raised the standard of living of the people.

Badge issued for the 150th anniversary of Kokchetav

The city gradually acquired its modern look. The population increased, the number of workers increased. Hospitals were built and the number of doctors and nurses increased. The housing stock of the city amounted to 59.8 thousand square meters. The population of Kokchetav by this time exceeded 19 thousand people. There were 10 schools in the city, and compulsory seven-year education was introduced. On September 26, Kokchetav was visited by a prominent statesman S. M. Kirov, who, on the instructions of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, studied the situation on the ground, provided practical assistance to party and Soviet bodies.
By the end of the year, electricity appeared in the city, a city bathhouse, and many public institutions were radio-equipped.
In the 1930s, there was a Russian amateur folk theater, a Tatar amateur theater, and a Kazakh-Tatar library in Kokchetav.
Since 1944, Kokchetav has been the regional center of the region of the same name.
The Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR considered Decree No. 513 of July 31, 1954 “On the construction and improvement of the city of Kokchetav”, and a master plan for the development of the regional center was adopted. In accordance with this, the construction of a city dairy plant, a meat processing plant, a department store, a bookstore, etc., was planned.
At the beginning of 1954, there was one passenger line in the city, 6 kilometers long, served by two buses, several taxis.
By the end of the 50s, in accordance with the general plan for the development of the city, the buildings of the cooperative technical school, the Palace of railway workers, the House of Culture of the mechanical plant, shops, etc. were built in Kokchetav.
The building of the House of Soviets was erected in the city.
In the early 1980s, the appearance of the regional center changed dramatically. The street has been transformed. Gorky - beautiful, modern buildings have grown on it. During these years, the construction of Communist Avenue began (since 1991 it has been named after Abylai Khan). The landscaping of the new microdistrict "Yubileiny" continued, new microdistricts "Vasilkovsky", "Tsentralny" appeared on the northern border of the city, along with residential buildings socio-cultural and household institutions were also built (school No. 17, kindergartens, schools).
In May it happened an important event- Kokchetav and the American city of Waukesha have become sister cities. In October, the city of Kokchetav was renamed Kokshetau.

Industry

Today, a significant contribution to the city's economy is made by such enterprises as JSC "Vasilkovsky GOK" - one of the leading gold mining enterprises in the country, engaged in the extraction and production of cathode gold, LLP "KamAZ-Engineering", which is engaged in the production of dump trucks, buses, dump trucks. LLP "Kokshetauminvody" - production of soft drinks (more than 30 items).
Since 1959, the plant of oxygen-respiratory equipment has been operating in the city, now JSC Tynys, which produces more than 40 types of products for aircraft construction in the CIS countries and throughout the republic.

Education

Kokshetau is a youth student city. Today there are 10 higher educational institutions, 12 colleges, 6 lyceums, 20 schools. Much attention is paid to the development of children's creativity - for the children there is a children's art school, a center for working with gifted children, a music school, and numerous sports clubs.

Construction

The city is developing according to the General Plan approved in 1985 by the Council of Ministers of the Republic. In the early 90s, the Tsentralny microdistrict, Gorky Street, grew up, and the Communist Avenue was being built. The construction of Internatsionalnaya Street was nearing completion on the section from K. Marx Street to the Monument of Military Glory.
The central part of the square was also formed. The buildings of the Regional Party Committee, the Main Post Office, the Kokshetau Hotel were built, the building of the House of Soviets was reconstructed.
The construction of the city was carried out taking into account the implementation of the needs laid down in the master plan. According to it, the development of new multi-storey construction was envisaged in the free territories around Lake Kopa, covering its southern, eastern, northeastern shores. At the same time, the construction of the Vasilkovsky microdistrict was completed. The primary task was to design a new microdistrict "Koktem" on the territory of the old airport. One-story individual buildings were built up in the area of ​​the old meat-packing plant, in the area of ​​Gorky-Kusainov streets along the Zerendinskaya and Chkalovskaya highways.
The 90s of the XX century became a turning point both for the whole of Kazakhstan and for Kokchetav. The protracted economic crisis had a particularly hard impact on the situation in the Kokshetau region. In 1997, the region was disbanded as a subsidized one. However, in November 1999, Kokshetau became the center of the metropolitan area. Then the opening of the monument-sculpture of Abylai Khan, sitting on the throne, took place.
In recent years, Kokshetau has changed significantly. The 14-meter bronze sculptural composition"Ananyn ak tilegi" ("Mother's Blessing"), installed on the forecourt in 2001. A modern cinema "Cinema Aleyem" was built on Tauelsizdik Square, reconstructed on the basis of the former cinema "Druzhba". Kindly fit into modern architecture beautiful city buildings hotel complexes"Kokshetau", "Dostyk", "Zhekebatyr". A large unique object - the Sinegorye bowling center, which includes a restaurant, a cafe, a bowling alley, has become a favorite vacation spot for citizens and guests of the city. New buildings of the financial center, shopping and entertainment center "Alatau" appeared in Kokshetau, children's center"Baldyrgan", administrative building JSC Kazakhtelecom.

twin cities

Famous people whose names are associated with Kokshetau (Kokchetav, the village of Kokchetavskaya)

• Birzhan Kozhagulov (Birzhan sal)
• Auelbekov E.N.

Notes

Links

• the first web portal of the city of Kokshetau (Kokchetav) (21.03.1999) - history, facts, documents, maps, photographs, people